CN205376309U - Module including high electric power energy storage unit reaches energy memory including this module - Google Patents

Module including high electric power energy storage unit reaches energy memory including this module Download PDF

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Publication number
CN205376309U
CN205376309U CN201521112959.0U CN201521112959U CN205376309U CN 205376309 U CN205376309 U CN 205376309U CN 201521112959 U CN201521112959 U CN 201521112959U CN 205376309 U CN205376309 U CN 205376309U
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energy storage
module
storage unit
power energy
high power
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P·克嫩
F·莱曼斯
J·德斯麦特
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Vito NV
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Vito NV
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/10—Multiple hybrid or EDL capacitors, e.g. arrays or modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/14—Arrangements or processes for adjusting or protecting hybrid or EDL capacitors
    • H01G11/18—Arrangements or processes for adjusting or protecting hybrid or EDL capacitors against thermal overloads, e.g. heating, cooling or ventilating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/66—Current collectors
    • H01G11/72—Current collectors specially adapted for integration in multiple or stacked hybrid or EDL capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/74—Terminals, e.g. extensions of current collectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/74—Terminals, e.g. extensions of current collectors
    • H01G11/76—Terminals, e.g. extensions of current collectors specially adapted for integration in multiple or stacked hybrid or EDL capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/78—Cases; Housings; Encapsulations; Mountings
    • H01G11/82—Fixing or assembling a capacitive element in a housing, e.g. mounting electrodes, current collectors or terminals in containers or encapsulations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G2/00—Details of capacitors not covered by a single one of groups H01G4/00-H01G11/00
    • H01G2/08—Cooling arrangements; Heating arrangements; Ventilating arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G2/00—Details of capacitors not covered by a single one of groups H01G4/00-H01G11/00
    • H01G2/02—Mountings
    • H01G2/04—Mountings specially adapted for mounting on a chassis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors

Abstract

The utility model relates to a module including high electric power energy storage unit reaches energy memory including this module. The utility model describes an energy memory, it is two terminal arrangement including the high electric power energy storage unit that is arranged in the module, this high electric power energy storage unit. High electric power energy storage unit is set up in the module for each high electric power energy storage unit is surrounded by at least first cooling surface in first side at least, and surrounds at the at least second cooling surface of second side quilt at least, and each cooling surface soaking is connected to the different terminals of high electric power energy storage unit. High electric power energy storage unit is ultracapacitor system or electrochemical capacitance or condenser or battery.

Description

Including the module of high power energy storage unit and include the energy storage device of this module
Technical field
This utility model relates to comprising the module of high power energy-storage units (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or battery) and includes the energy storage device of such module.In particular, this utility model relates to transmission power to drive the power supply/energy source of load (such as driving vehicle or fixing device).
Background technology
Ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance are combined with the electric energy storage device of the life expectancy of high power density and prolongation.Therefore, they are particularly well adapted for the application allowing to recover kinetic energy or potential energy continually, as: urban transit bus, electric car, crane and elevator.There is identical advantage in the certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium.
Ultracapacitor is often combined with other energy sources, and this energy source is normally selected as the different types of electric power of offer.Such as, one source is designed to provide long term power (to this means that it can carry substantial amounts of energy in time, therefore it is high energy source), and another energy source is designed to provide high short term power (in this case, it is high power supply in finite time).Accelerating or pulse load event (such as emergency response) period at such as vehicle, high power supply can be used to assist high energy source to provide electric power to system.High power supply can by ultracapacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit offer being based primarily upon lithium.The combination of chargeable energy storage device (such as lithium battery) and the ultracapacitor that comprises balancing circuitry has been learned from WO2009/112069.
A kind of method increasing the life-span of ultracapacitor can be to increase their size, namely they is had the design of surplus.This is probably the possible solution of fixed power source, but cost and size can be increased, and material can by unnecessary use.But, for moveable object, increase size and typically result in cost and the weight of increase, and can be prohibited due to space restriction.For the loose impediment of such as vehicle, this extra weight also can reduce acceleration.
Although ultracapacitor have the advantages that its high power capacity, but the persistent period of power supply and total amount are restricted due to heating, itself so that cause the frequent discharge and recharge that the internal resistance of capacitor, the high power big electric current caused and capacitor cause by the character applying circulation.According to Arrhenius (Arrhenius) law, temperature raises the principal element of the life expectancy being minimizing ultracapacitor.According to Arrhenius law, temperature often raises 10 DEG C, and the life expectancy of capacitor reduces by half.
As described in WO2012/007290A1, the cooling of ultracapacitor can be realized plus fin and force ventilated design by housing.But, although improve cooling and there is the advantage of increase life expectancy (not only improving service life but also improve cycle life), but forced ventilation is understood consumed energy and causes the reduction of system effectiveness.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide the module comprising high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) and includes the energy storage device of this module.Specifically, the purpose of this utility model is to provide for delivering electric power to drive the substitute electric power/energy source of load (such as driving vehicle or fixing device).
Embodiment of the present utility model relates to the design of the module for high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium).The advantage of each embodiment of the present utility model is by operationally keeping the cooling of each high energy-storage units to provide the energy storage device with good life-span and/or cycle life.
This utility model employs term " ultracapacitor ", " electrochemical capacitance " or " capacitor " or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium, and these terms are commonly available to high power energy storage unit.
Therefore, each embodiment of the present utility model provides a kind of energy storage device, it high power energy storage unit including being arranged in module, wherein there is the high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) of limited quantity in each module.High power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) is two-terminal device.High power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) is arranged in the following manner: each high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) surrounds on cooled surface at least on one side or at least on opposite sides.This cooling surface is thermally connected to the terminal of high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium).Each cooling surface can be thermally connected to the different terminals of high power energy storage unit.Cooling surface can provide by the extension of busbar (busbar) and/or by the extension thermal conductive contact with busbar of module housing but the one side not electrically contacted or wall offer.Therefore, busbar can have the extension of flange forms, the surface area ratio of this flange carry the terminal that electric current commutes each high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) needed for surface area want big.This flange with heat conduction but is connected to side or the wall of module housing non-conductively.Under any circumstance, this can have the advantage that heat can be removed in multiple parallel heat passages from high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium).Two or more such cooled surface area can be had according to each module of the present utility model.
The size of module need not utilize according to optimal spatial to be determined, but can determine according to the cooling improved according to the availability of external heat exchange surface and therefore.High power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) is arranged at least one row, and each high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) all has width " W " and height " H ".Therefore there is " N " individual high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) one in arranging.The area on the terminal being connected to high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) by thermally conductive heat the cooling surface provided by the extension of busbar is at least equal to the 30% of (N × W × H).This area rises to more than 40%, more than 50%, more than 60%, more than 70%, more than 80% or more than the 90% of (N × W × H).For the reason saving cost and space, the area maximum possible on cooling surface is 200%.
If there is " N " individual such high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) one in arranging, and each high power energy storage unit and next high power energy storage unit are (such as, capacitor etc.) between be separated with distance (spacing) " S " (free space between two capacitors, rather than spacing (pitch)), the area on the terminal being then connected to high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) by thermally conductive heat and the cooling surface provided by the extension of busbar is at least equal to (N × W × H)+((N-1) × S)) 30%.This area rises to (N × W × H)+((N-1) × S)) more than 40%, more than 50%, more than 60%, more than 70%, more than 80% or more than 90%.For the reason saving cost and space, the area maximum possible on cooling surface is 200%.
As a comparison, in each embodiment of the present utility model, the row of unit is generally 2.On the other hand, in WO2012/007290, the row of unit is generally 5.Additionally, the heat suppressed by required cooling surface by module result is proportional to the quantity of unit.Therefore, the cooling surface that stating each unit provides is useful.In WO2012/007290, the cooling surface, top (8) of each unit is more than Pi/4 × W2But < W2.In each embodiment of the present utility model, can be used for the maximized surface of cooling is (W+S)2+ (W × H+S), S are (average) distances between each unit.
(W+S)2Being available area on top cover, (W × H+S) is available area on side.
Owing to aspect ratio is usual > 10/4, it is likely to especially for aspect ratio > prismatic battery of 10/3, the minimum area limited in each embodiment of the present utility model is as (N × W × H)+((N-1) × S)) 30%, this is bigger than at the area described in WO2012/007290.It is also noted that and can measure context H such as to include the connecting bolt of unit.
The housing of module has height, width and length.Good heat conductor (heatconductor) side or wall for module housing is selected to select good heat conductor (thermalconductor) (such as aluminum) to mean that the effective dimensions of convection current and surface thermal radiation (i.e. the cooling surface of module) is determined by the height of the sidewall of module housing for bus bar materials.This is because heat can come out and enter the sidewall of housing by easy Heat Conduction Material from busbar, reach up to the four corner of sidewall.Therefore, in all equatioies about cooling down surface, size H is the size of the height of the sidewall of module housing, i.e. H effectivelyW.Therefore, in any equation including height H, it can by the profile height H of housingWReplace.
Wherein, when there is two row of different length, can be calculated with a longest row.Above ratio can by providing fin and/or radiator to be improved to the heat transmission of air and to provide better cooling to greatly increase to housing.Therefore, exterior design can such as include fin and/or radiator, or can include the device for liquid cooling, for instance among housing wall or on fluid passage 11.
According to each embodiment of the present utility model, convective surface can be equal to or no better than conduction surfaces, for instance convective surface can at the 30% of conduction surfaces or 40% or 50% or 60% or 70% between the 90% of conduction surfaces.
Energy storage device according to each embodiment of the present utility model can have the internally and/or externally design of cooling that the utilization of this module is circulated by air or drives wind (adrivingwind), for vehicle (such as bus), this energy storage device can be generally greater than 3m/s, so that any forced ventilation equipment is all unnecessary.
The heat produced in high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) when running can at the terminal place of high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor) by its conduction.Advantage of this is that terminal is connected to the conductive layer of capacitor therefore direct and capacitor the part contact producing heat at run duration.
These terminals are preferably connected to and are designed to heat-conduction component rather than are designed to the busbar of (be such as only designed into) Ampereconductors.Hot busbar is preferably made up of highly heat-conductive material (such as copper or aluminum), or heat pipe.These materials provide efficient heat flow.Therefore, busbar can have the extension of flange forms, the surface area ratio of this flange carry the terminal that electric current commutes each high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) needed for surface area want big.It is connected to side or the wall of module housing this flange thermally conductive, electrically non-conductive.
Module preferably has big heat exchange surface.In each embodiment of the present utility model, busbar and housing preferably share big heat exchange surface, thus busbar with housing electric isolution but is not thermally isolated.This has the advantage that the area that there is very big heat supply effusion.Busbar can be electrically insulated with housing by electrical insulator or is made up of insulant.Electrical insulator or insulant should support that heat or flows directly to outside from busbar stream to housing.These heat transfer elements (such as busbar and housing) are preferably firm and are permanently connected to each other, to strengthen heat transmission.
In certain embodiments, high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) can be installed on busbar-housing assembly.The design (i.e. less thermal resistance) of busbar is to strengthen the conduction of heat between terminal and the environment of high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) via housing.Housing can have polygonal crosssection, namely has flattened side, for instance four flattened side of square or rectangular.In certain embodiments, each high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) preferably has at least two and leads to the thermal conducting path of housing, such as two passages of heat each lead to a side of housing, for instance the flattened side of housing.Such as, if high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) is configured to top and terminal is arranged at bottom, heat then can be passed to from the busbar of top terminal the upper surface (such as flat surfaces) of housing, and heat can be passed to the side (such as flat surfaces) of housing by the busbar being connected to bottom terminals.If housing has four sides, so it is connected to the pathway that the busbar of each high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) can be provided to three surfaces (such as flat surfaces) of housing, for instance to the pathway of the top surface of housing, lower surface and side surface (such as flat surfaces).Busbar can be bent by any mode and be distorted so that busbar forms the high surface area thermally contacted at least two side of housing or three sides with housing, in order to increase surface under minimum space requirement.Can be through the liquid of the flowing of the air in inside modules or outside or housing to cool down.
If not needing seal casinghousing, so when high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) is provided in top and bottom has terminal, busbar from top terminals can have upper surface, upwards to conduct heat, and the busbar being connected to bottom terminals can bend to around and have side surface part surface, conduction of heat is walked from this side surface.Extra busbar surface and the pathway that can exist to several radiating surfaces (such as three or more surfaces) can be provided between each row height power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium).Busbar can be bent by any mode and be distorted so that busbar formed for radiant heat or at least two side of housing or three sides with the high surface area of housing thermal conductive contact, in order under minimum space requirement increase surface.Can by cooling down at the liquid of the flowing of the air of inside modules or outside or housing.
If housing has four sides as box, so each high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) can have the busbar containing the thermal conducting path to these four sides, may be more difficult but assemble.When bolt terminal is used, when busbar surface is installed to this four sides, these bolt terminals are likely to need to keep not being tightened.Then, tighted a bolt terminal by the access aperture on housing.When these heat transfer busbars and housing side are securely connected each other, terminal access aperture can be blocked.
Completed module can be seal or open.Seal the life-span adding energy storage device, because it prevents pollutant, insect and water etc. from entering.If open, then housing can be made into latticed, to allow the free convection of heat.
Each module can be stacking to be preferably formed the compact systems having distance each other to allow free convection.Distance can be such as at least 20mm.
Device for liquid cooling can be provided that, for instance is added to the outside of housing thus replacing surrounding air as coolant；Or the inside of housing can be added to.Advantage is the outside by liquid cooling is added to housing, high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) can be cooled to the temperature lower than environment, without breach security and ease for operation, if and liquid coolant is sent to the enclosure interior of module, then would is that this situation.Circulating cooling gas can be provided in the module, for instance air or hydrogen.
Embodiment of the present utility model provides a kind of energy storage device, this energy storage device includes the high power energy storage unit being arranged in module, wherein can there is the high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) of limited quantity in each module, and these high power energy storage unit can be arranged in the following manner: each high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optional certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) is at least surrounded by the surface thermal radiation provided by busbar or module housing on one side.
The terminal of high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) is preferably connected to the busbar being designed to heat conducting element rather than electric conductor.Busbar is preferably made up of highly heat-conductive material (such as, copper, aluminum, aluminium oxide or aluminium nitride), or heat pipe.These materials provide High Efficiency Thermal flowing.When to when cooling down significantly high requirement and such as due to space restriction, there is the shape factor of complexity, busbar 14 can be preferably constructed heat pipe with by heat towards outside or walk towards module housing from unit terminal 24,26 transmission.
Busbar and housing preferably share big heat exchange surface, thus hot busbar with housing electric isolution but is not thermally isolated.Busbar can pass through electrical insulator and housing electric isolution.Electrical insulator should support the heat flow from hot busbar to housing.Described high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium), it is possible in the housing of each module being installed on busbar-housing assembly.Busbar is preferably made up of highly heat-conductive material (such as copper or aluminum), or heat pipe.These materials provide efficient heat flow.These heat transfer elements (such as busbar and housing) are preferably firm and are permanently connected to each other, to strengthen heat transmission.
Module can be stacked, and has distance to each other to allow the system of free convection to be formed.
Liquid cooling can be added to the outside or inside of housing, thus replacing surrounding air as coolant.Advantage is by hull outside adding liquid cooling system, high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) can be cooled to the temperature lower than environment, and not breach security and ease for operation, if and liquid coolant is sent to inside module housing, then would is that this situation.
When constructing module, its size need not utilize according to optimal spatial to be determined, but can determine according to the cooling improved according to the availability of external heat exchange surface and therefore.Energy storage device according to each embodiment of the present utility model can have the exterior design of housing to utilize the cooling by driving wind, and for vehicle, such as bus, driving wind can be generally greater than 3 meter per seconds, so that any forced ventilation equipment is all unnecessary.The area on the terminal being connected to high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) by thermally conductive heat and the cooling surface provided by the extension of busbar is at least equal to 30% or (N × W × H)+((the N-1) × S) of (N × W × H)) 30%.This area can be added to (N × W × H) or more than the 40% of above-mentioned restriction, more than 50%, more than 60%, more than 70%, more than 80% or more than 90%.For the reason saving cost and space, the area maximum possible on cooling surface is 200%.
According to each embodiment of the present utility model, convective surface can be equal to or no better than conduction surfaces, for instance convective surface can at the 30% of conduction surfaces or 40% or 50% or 60% or 70% between the 90% of conduction surfaces.
In any equation including height H, it can by the height H of the side of housingWReplace.
Each embodiment of the present utility model provides a kind of energy storage device, this energy storage device includes the high power energy storage unit being positioned at module, the heat wherein operationally produced in high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) is the terminal by high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) and by being connected to the busbar conduction of these terminals, these busbars are designed to heat-conduction component, rather than Ampereconductors.
Busbar and housing preferably share big heat exchange surface, thus hot busbar with housing electric isolution but is not thermally isolated.This has the advantage that there is the area that very big heat supply leaves.Busbar can pass through electrical insulator and housing electric isolution.Electrical insulator should support the heat flow from hot busbar to housing.These heat transfer elements (such as busbar and housing) are preferably firm and are permanently connected to each other, to strengthen heat transmission.Each heat exchange surface can be thermally connected to the different terminals of high power energy storage unit.
Device for liquid cooling can be added to the outside of housing thus replacing surrounding air as coolant, maybe can be added to the inside of housing.It is likely to during traffic congestion need extra cooling, because at this moment will there is many short-term stopping/low rate start actions.Particularly in high temperature environments (such as summer), when there is no wind, the overheated of vehicle is common.Increasing the advantage of liquid cooling in hull outside is that high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) can be cooled to the temperature lower than environment, and do not affect safety and ease for operation, if and when liquid coolant being sent to inside module housing, then will this situation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 illustrates the exploded view of the energy storage device with cylindrical battery according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 illustrates the constitutional diagram of the energy storage device with cylindrical battery according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
Fig. 3 illustrates the partial schematic diagram of the energy storage device with cylindrical battery according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
Fig. 4 illustrates another partial schematic diagram of the energy storage device with cylindrical battery according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
Fig. 5 illustrates the outside drawing of the module with lid, framework and control unit according to each embodiment of the present utility model from front.
Fig. 6 illustrates the outside drawing of the module with lid, framework and control unit according to each embodiment of the present utility model from the back side.
Fig. 7 illustrates the outside drawing of the energy storage device with prismatic unit according to another embodiment of the present utility model from an angle.
Fig. 8 illustrates the outside drawing of the energy storage device with prismatic unit according to another embodiment of the present utility model from another angle.
Fig. 9 illustrates the outside drawing of energy storage device at each intermodule with distance according to an embodiment of the present utility model from the bottom up.
Figure 10 illustrates the partial enlarged drawing of energy storage device at each intermodule with distance according to an embodiment of the present utility model from one side.
Detailed description of the invention
Definition
As used in this article, high power energy storage unit is referred to as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium.
As used in this article and " conduction of heat " or " heat conduction " as understood by a person skilled in the art is the transfer of the internal energy that microcosmic diffusion and collision cause because of thermograde by the particle in main body or quasi particle.The object of microcosmic diffusion and collision includes molecule, electronics, atom and phonon.They transmit rambling microcosmic kinetic energy and potential energy, and they are collectively referred to as internal energy.Conduction only occurs in object or material, or occurs between two objects contacted directly or indirectly to one another.As used in this article, conduction occurs in solid or liquid, gas.
The description of illustrative embodiment
This utility model will be described with reference to specific embodiment and with reference to some accompanying drawing, but this utility model is not limited to this, but is only defined by the claims.Described accompanying drawing is simply schematically with nonrestrictive.In the accompanying drawings, for purposes of illustration, the size of some elements is likely to be exaggerated and not drawn on scale.Size and relative size are not corresponding with the actual reduction in practice of the present utility model.
Additionally, term first, second, third, etc. in description and claims are for making a distinction between similar elements, and not necessarily for description order (temporal, spatially, by sequence or order in any other manner).It is understood that the term so used is interchangeable in appropriate circumstances, and each embodiment of the present utility model described here can be different from other order operations that are described herein or that illustrate.
This utility model provides the energy storage device with good cooling.May find that and such as use such system at fixing equipment or at movable equipment (in elevator or automobile industry).
Energy storage device according to each embodiment of the present utility model can include the assembly of identical or different high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium).With reference to Fig. 1-4, it is shown that super capacitor module 20.Such super capacitor module 20 includes the multiple ultracapacitors 15 being arranged in housing 22, and housing is the polygon housing 22 such as with multiple side 22a-22d.Side quantity is preferably 4, easy and stacking efficiently to allow, but can include more side and in scope of the present utility model.It is exposed to the unit block of mechanical stress to pass through to add and wherein can install and fix the housing 22 of module 20 and further mechanical protection (such as framework 12) is strengthened, with reference to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6.Can one, extruding housing 22, to obtain the shape of the best, reduces manufacturing cost simultaneously in two or more parts 9.Optionally, housing 22 can have liquid cooling, for instance fluid or liquid, for instance water cooling passageway 11.Housing 22 can be formed in the following manner: adding lid 13 on end surfaces referring to Fig. 6, lid 13 can be prepared easily for waterproof.As shown in Figure 6 schematically, housing parts 9 and/or lid 13 can be adapted to interlocking in the following manner: module 20 can by easily by make to exist between module 20 enough gaps in the way of allowing air to circulate stacking in systems.Gap may be provided on all surface place of module.Memory module uses the lid 13 interlocked stacking in a matrix.Cooling air can flow through all Modular surfaces.Lid 13 can have groove and can help to guide when needed air flowing to install and can increase the guard shield of surface area or the fin of air contact with movement.
As shown in FIG. 7 and 8, can passing through angular spacing part 19 and keep the gap between module 20, wherein angular spacing part 19 inserts the recess in each module 20.
Preferably, housing 22 is made up of heat conducting material (such as metal, such as aluminum).Illustrating the row's ultracapacitor 15 in module 20 in fig 1 and 2, this module 20 increases the ratio of housing 22 and the surface area of ultracapacitor 15, and this can improve cooling.This utility model includes module 20, and this module 20 has two parallel row's ultracapacitors 15.Each ultracapacitor 15 has two terminals 24 and 26, and a terminal is for being connected to the negative pole of ultracapacitor 15, and a terminal is for being connected to the positive pole of ultracapacitor 15.These terminals 24,26 are usually located at the opposite end of ultracapacitor 15.Fig. 1-4 illustrates cylindrical capacitor 15, but cylindrical or prismatic capacitor or bag-shaped unit 15 also can use together with any described module.
Each embodiment of the present utility model includes capacitor 15, this capacitor 15 has the bolt/screw of the electrode to ultracapacitor 15 and/or welding type connects (terminal 24 and 26), but this utility model Primary Reference describes to the screw/bolt connection of terminal 24,26.Capacitor 15 can in series, in parallel or by series connection and parallel combination in the way of electrically connect.Required voltage and capacity are depended in this configuration, and go for any rank.
Ultracapacitor 15 can be placed in the single layer (having the matrix of identical parallel) with square shape, to provide more space for cooling down between which, but can use and there is closely packed triangular shaped layer (as shown in Fig. 5 of WO2012/007290) (even if less preferably).
By busbar 14, multiple at least one terminal types (plus or minus) (preferably each in the same kind of terminal 24,26 of ultracapacitor 15) are linked together.Each ultracapacitor 15 is at least surrounded by the busbar 14 through extending a side.According to each embodiment of the present utility model, busbar 14 can include Part I 14a and Part II or extension 14b, and Part I 14a is mainly used in conduction electric current and heat, and Part II or extension 14b are mainly used in conduction heat.As it is shown in figure 1, busbar 14 has the Part I 14a being attached to terminal 24, and this busbar 14 extends and bends to form part 14b, and this part 14b has the wide area surface of the side 22a of the housing 22 facing to module 20.This is found out by best in FIG, and wherein for purposes of clarity, ultracapacitor 15 and insulating barrier 17 are removed, to expose busbar extension 14b.Insulating barrier 17 is placed between the Part II 14b of unit 15 and busbar 14.Owing to this insulating barrier 17 is likely to become quite hot, therefore it can be made of ceramic materials.Busbar 14 (particularly forming the extension of the busbar 14 of Part II 14b) and module housing 22 are adapted to and heat are removed from ultracapacitor 15, it would be desirable to heat removed from ultracapacitor 15 along multiple parallel heat passages.In order to provide this suitability, the layout of the size of module and/or the ultracapacitor of inside modules need not utilize according to optimal spatial to be determined, but can determine according to the cooling improved according to the availability of external heat exchange surface and thus.Busbar can have the extension of flange shape, and the surface area that the surface area ratio of flange is used for carrying needed for electric current commutes each high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) wants big.It is connected to side or the wall of module housing this flange thermally conductive, electrically non-conductive.
Energy storage device according to each embodiment of the present utility model can have the exterior design utilizing driving wind to carry out the housing 22 cooled down, for vehicle (such as bus), wind is driven to can be generally greater than 3m/s, so that any forced ventilation equipment is all unnecessary.
Each high power energy storage unit 15 (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) has width " W " and height " H ", there is " N " individual high power energy storage unit 15 (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) one in arranging.When cylindrical unit, terminal 24 is connected to radiator (such as with the housing 22 of optional fin) by conduction of heat via busbar part 14a and 14b.In embodiment of the present utility model, busbar 14 for heat exchange (such as, as shown in Figure 4), and heat exchange area be at least N × W × H.
According to each embodiment of the present utility model, the area on cooling surface is connected to the terminal of each high electron stored energy unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) by thermally conductive heat and is provided by the extension 14b and Part I 14a of busbar 14.When prismatic unit, if all unit are by air entanglement, then the area being exposed to convection current is N × 2 × W × H to the maximum.
According to each embodiment of the present utility model, the area on the terminal being connected to each high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) by thermally conductive heat the cooling surface provided by the extension 14b and Part I 14a of busbar 14 is at least equal to 30% or (N × W × H)+((the N-1) × S) of (N × W × H)) 30%.This area rises to more than 40%, more than 50%, more than 60%, more than 70%, more than 80% or more than the 90% or as defined above of (N × W × H).For the reason saving cost and space, the area maximum possible on cooling surface is 200%.This ratio can pass through to provide fin and/or radiator to housing 22, to be improved to the heat transmission of air and to provide better cooling greatly to increase.Therefore, exterior design can include fin and/or radiator, for instance or the device for liquid cooling can be included, for instance and the fluid passage 11 in housing wall or on housing wall.
According to each embodiment of the present utility model, convective surface can be equal to or no better than conduction surfaces, for instance convective surface can at the 30% of conduction surfaces or 40% or 50% or 60% or 70% between the 90% of conduction surfaces.
Therefore, the operationally heat of generation in ultracapacitor 15, and this heat is conducted at terminal 24,26 place of ultracapacitor 15 and passes through terminal 24,26 conduction.The advantage of this method is in that terminal 24,26 is connected to the conductive layer of capacitor, and therefore directly contacts with the assembly producing heat of capacitor at run duration.
These terminals 24,26 are connected to busbar 14, and it is designed as heat-conduction component, rather than separately as Ampereconductors, namely busbar has the Part I for conducting electrically and thermally and is mainly used in the Part II of conduction and convection of heat.Busbar 14 (or at least Part I 14a) or bus bar materials allow for conducting heat (transcalent) well, and are conductions.Therefore, busbar 14 can be made up of solid material, or can be heat pipe.No matter with any, the material of busbar 14 can be such as copper or aluminum or their any alloy.These materials provide efficient heat flow.The shape of busbar 14 should be selected to such as allow the large-scale exterior surface area (such as directly as heat sink or by side 22a to the 22d of housing 22) of the busbar part 14b form of busbar 14 to contact with external heat.Ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or the optionally certain form of battery unit 15 being based primarily upon lithium are installed on busbar-housing assembly.Busbar 14 can include the heat pipe of conduction, it material including providing High Efficiency Thermal flowing and electrical connection.Therefore busbar 14 can include copper or aluminum or other convenient conductor any.Aluminium bus bar can be squeezed into shape and the cross section of the best.Busbar can have the extension of flange forms, its surface area ratio carry the terminal that electric current commutes each high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) needed for surface area want big.It is connected to side or the wall of module housing this flange thermally conductive, electrically non-conductive.
Alternatively, it is provided that electricity (14a) separately and heat (14b) busbar.Therefore, can there is the busbar of heat conduction separately and conduction.Heat conduction busbar can include ceramic material, for instance aluminium oxide (Al2O3) or aluminium nitride.These materials have high machinery and dielectric strength and high-termal conductivity.These materials occur with the form of sheet, it is possible to cutting easily is suitable for flat busbar.
Large-scale heat exchange surface preferably shared by busbar 14 and housing 22 for conduction of heat, thus busbar 14 can electrically insulate with housing 22 and not be thermally isolated.This has the advantage that the area that there is very big heat supply effusion.
Busbar 14 can pass through to electrically insulate part 16 and separate with housing electricity, is maintained with thermal conducting path.Electric isolution part 16 should be supported from busbar 14 to the heat flow of housing 22.The outside that this thermal conductive contact between busbar 14 and shell body 22 will allow the heat making to send from ultracapacitor 15 to be directly transferred to module 20, result has better cooling.Electric insulation (and preferred conduction of heat (transcalent)) material is adopted to prepare the separator 16 between the housing 22 of busbar 14 and each module.Electric isolution part 16 can be heat insulating lamella, for instance polymer flake (usually a thin thin slice), or can be insulating coating, for instance epoxy resin or polyester coatings.
The busbar 14 being attached to different terminal 24,26 is preferably isolated from each other.They can be fixed by externally applied (such as glued) the electric isolution thin slice at busbar 14.This thin slice can be very thin to realize good conduction of heat, but must have high electric isolution property.The example of this thin slice is PET.For being subject to the energy storage device (such as fixed storage system) of medium mechanical stress, electric isolution thin slice can serve as the outside lagging of module 20.Which reduce the quantity at hot interface, thus adding cooling capacity.Busbar 14 can pass through exterior insulation (such as the coating of polymer or varnish, or by the film-insulated part of one layer of polymeric, optionally two different components) and carry out insulating providing tough and tensile, a continuous print insulating barrier.Such coating can be made up of such as polyvinyl formal, polyurethane, polyamide, polyester, polyester-polyimides, polyamide-polyimide or amide-imide or polyimides.From external shell 22 used, between busbar 14 and housing isolation thin slice can at least in part by the heat insulating lamella on busbar 14 and/or housing 22 within or insulating coating (such as epoxy resin or polyester coatings) replacement.Hot transmitting assembly (such as busbar 14) and housing 22 preferably firmly and be permanently connected to each other, to strengthen conduction of heat.
The design of this busbar 14 will directly or increase conduction of heat (i.e. less thermal resistance) between terminal 24 and 26 and the environment of high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) via housing.
Housing 22 can have polygonal crosssection, namely has flattened side, for instance four flattened side 22a to 22d of square or rectangular cross section.Each high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) preferably has at least two via housing to outside thermal conducting path, and such as two thermal conducting path each arrive a side 22a to 22d or the wall (flattened side of such as housing) of housing.Such as, if high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) is provided with terminal 24 and 26 at top and bottom, so can be extended, bend and shape (not shown) from the busbar 14 of top terminal 24 and become to present the long-pending upper side 22b (such as flat surfaces) to transmit heat to housing 22 of large surfaces, and the busbar 14 being connected to bottom terminals 26 can transmit heat to another side 22a or the wall (such as flat surfaces) of housing 22.If housing 22 has four sides, then be connected to two or three sides that the busbar of each high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) can be provided in the side 22a to 22d (such as dividing surface) of housing and (such as arrive the top of housing 22 and the pathway separately of lower surface (on 22b and the 22D of side) and side surface (on 22a or 22c of side) (such as flat surfaces).Busbar 14 can be bent and distort in the following manner: makes busbar 14 can form the large surfaces contacted with external heat or thermally contact with housing (such as at least two side of housing or three side 22a to 22d) at least two side of module 20 or three sides and amasss, in order to increases surface with minimum space requirement.Cooling can be passed through the air flowing (the air flowing that the air of convection current flows or is forced) of inside modules or outside or be cooled down by the liquid of housing.When adopting liquid cooling, pipeline can be routed to as close possible to unit terminal but outside isolation barrier.These pipelines can be provided by such as passage 11 as a part for housing 22.Liquid cooling can be passed through to use the iknsulating liquid (such as at the transformer oil of module internal recycle) of such as oil etc to realize.The design on the cooling surface that all increases expose unit in atmosphere all will be worked together with oil cooling.Oil can be cooled down in the surface of module or in radiator separately.Use oil as intercoolant to allow to remove high electric power, be maintained with little form factor.
If housing 22 has four side 22a to 22d as box, so each high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) can have busbar 14, these busbars 14 have a thermal conducting path leading to four sides, but assemble and be likely to thus more difficult.When the busbar surface extended is installed to this four sides, bolt terminal 24,26 is likely to need to keep not being tightened.Then bolt terminal 24,26 can be tightened by the access aperture in housing 22.When these heat transfer busbars 14 and housing side are securely connected to one another, terminal access aperture can be blocked.
When energy storage device will be used in shielded environment (such as, be equipped with the indoor of elevator), housing it is not necessary that, or can be open grid.As shown in FIG. 7 and 8, busbar 14 can be extended and fold into the side of unit, so that part 14b has the surface of increase but minimum space requirement.The air cooling of flowing in module can be passed through in the busbar surface of these extensions.Fig. 7 is shown attached to the prismatic high power energy storage unit 15 (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) of cold sink 21, and fin separates with busbar 14.Cold sink 21 makes the heat exchange surface increase such as 4 times of unit.It can be seen from figure 7 that fin 21 extends at the either side of each unit 15, thus providing two heat separately to extract path.Cooling can pass through in a longitudinal direction on cold sink 21 recyclegas (such as air) realize.
Fig. 8 illustrates prismatic high power energy storage unit 15 (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being mainly based upon lithium), and it is by single busbar/cold sink 14 series/parallel connection.Busbar/cold sink 14b is along prismatic unit 15, and every one side downwardly extends, thus providing two independent heat to extract path.Meanwhile, in the fin surface that the offer of the end of this assembly is extra.This heat exchange surface adds 1.9 times.The cross section of busbar/cold sink 14b is determined by electric current.Cooling can be realized by laterally (such as from the top down) circulation air.
Completed module 20 can be sealed, for instance prevents dampness from entering.Seal the life-span adding energy storage device, because it prevents pollutant, insect and water etc. from entering.Such as, by suitable sealing (in such as Fig. 1 27), module 2 is it is so structured that such as impervious degree is IP65, IP66, IP68 and IPX9-k, according to DINEN60529undDIN40050TeiL9.When the design of watertight module, in order to force cooling, the gas (such as hydrogen) that air can be had better hot property by other is replaced.Circulating hydrogen, in order to from cold sink or unit, heat is transferred to module housing, so that whole surface of shell can be used for for being cooled to extraneous air.Hydrogen is adopted to decrease ventilation loss.
On busbar 14, it is contemplated that connect the connection of wire.When expectation quickly connects, it is possible to use rivet.Can also realize wire bolt is bolted to busbar.The purpose of this wire is that the voltage of each ultracapacitor 15 is individually caused electronic device unit (such as printed circuit board (PCB)).Some functions that these electronic devices can have are: balance, overvoltage protection and electric discharge completely are until being sky.
The lateral surface of the shell of super capacitor module is the rectangular box such as including housing parts 9, housing parts 9 can folded, bonding, soldering, weld together, tighten or be riveted together or these combination.Radiator or fin (such as fin radiator) may be located on housing parts 9 or integrate.Housing parts 9 can fit together to be generally formed rectangle or hexagonal box, and when side surface is bigger than end face, this is preferred.This provides the conduction of heat of the capacitor being better conducted off in each module.This shell can such as pass through welding, bonding, soldering or carry out water-stop by applying sealant (in such as Fig. 1 27).Sheathing material is preferably heat conduction, conduction and light metal (such as aluminum or other lightweight material).
Module 20 is by being equipped with all required electrically and mechanically adapters, as power, signal, control and cooling connect.Waterproof sealing can be provided around these adapters.Pressure compensation element can at the identical pressure of the inside and outside offer of module.This rises compensating the pressure caused by the variations in temperature (rise/fall) of the ultracapacitor just worked.Pressure compensation element is for the inflation of each assembly in shell and degassed.This avoids the damage of the installed with built-in component caused by condensation, and condensation occurs due to the change of temperature/pressure peak value.Such pressure compensation element can allow the fast and high water holding capacity of upper air current.The internal pressure of closure and ambient pressure adapt, and water penetration is prevented simultaneously.Film can be integrated in pressure compensation element, and it is all ventilative on opposite sides, but can only from permeable towards the one side of enclosure.This means that air can freely or flow to inside from outside from inside modules stream to outside.Water can only from internal flow to outside.So, the water in module can be automatically removed.Therefore, shell can have pressure compensation element, and it is mounted in the module, water is drained into outside for making inside and outside pressure balance simultaneously.
In an embodiment less preferably, air cushion may be located in each water-stop module to help making pressure balance.
As Fig. 5 and 6 schematically show, including link block 7 and framework 12 according to the energy storage device of each embodiment of the present utility model, link block 7 is for combining different super capacitor modules 20, and framework 12 is for being mechanically held in these modules together.Framework 12 may be adapted to accommodation fixing super capacitor module 2 and any link block 7.
Super-capacitor module 2 operationally produces heat.The passive cooling of these modules 2 is only generally acceptable when low current applications.When needing higher electric current (such as hybrid vehicle), active or pressure cooling are preferred.Active cooling but can be carried out by fan and/or water-cooled.Fan can be attached to framework 12 or be attached directly on super capacitor module 20.Preferably, module 20 is provided with radiator (such as the fin radiator on any surface of each module 20).
In order to control and monitor the operation of super capacitor system, it is provided that electronic controller.Relay or other switch can be used to open or close power supply and connect, both on positive and negative cable.In addition, it is possible to provide pre-charge-relay and pre-charge resistor.Electric isolution detection system can be used to supervision system to find isolated fault.Temperature sensor is provided to monitor the temperature of the various location in super capacitor module 20.Electric fuse can be used to prevent high electric current.Current sensor is provided to the electric current flowing in measurement system.The voltage of system can be used in the sensor of one or more position and measure.One position is before electric fuse, and second position is after electric fuse.This means that the work of electric fuse can be measured by comparing two voltages.Alternatively, the first position measured can after electric fuse, and the second position measured can after relay.So, the work of electric fuse can such as voltage with the first voltage measurement with from CAN check.So, voltage also can be controlled to from precharge operation, relay is switched to normal operating.
Contemplate the hardware for controlling fan in speed.All of electronic device can be placed in the disparate modules slipping into framework as super capacitor module.Further possibility is to be placed in link block by these electronic devices.
Electrical storage device according to any embodiment of the present utility model may be mounted to that the vehicles (such as aircraft, ship, automobile, bus, truck, send on milk car or other electric vehicle any) are to provide electric energy supply.Such as, it can be urgent energy supply, or it can be the disposable energy resource supply of the vehicles.Alternatively, the energy storage device according to each embodiment of the present utility model may be mounted to that on fixing electric supply installation.Electrical storage device according to any embodiment of the present utility model can combine with the source being designed to provide long term power (this means that it can carry substantial amounts of energy over time).High power supply can be used to accelerate at such as vehicle or help high energy source to provide electric power to system during pulse load event (such as the reaction to emergency).High energy source can be rechargeable energy storage device, for instance plumbic acid or lithium battery.
In operation, the method for transmitting electric power to load comprises the steps that and collects electric charge from energy source；With the electric charge collected to high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit the being based primarily upon lithium) charging according to any embodiment of the present utility model；Charge from high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) to high energy source (such as one or more batteries).The electric power of supply load can provide by high power energy storage unit (such as ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the optionally certain form of battery unit being based primarily upon lithium) or by high energy source or by both combinations.
Following table is shown in the result obtained with the assembly according to each embodiment of the present utility model.Comparative example is the assembly according to WO2012/007290.Standard example is in each embodiment in each parallel row according to wherein unit 15 of the present utility model.Compact example is in each embodiment in each row of the compact type shown in Fig. 5 of WO2012/007290 according to wherein unit 15 of the present utility model.
Table 1: for the air cooling of different box design
* test owing to temperature is too high and interrupt
In order to estimate the cooling potential of the system according to each embodiment of the present utility model, heat exchange area is used as reference divided by the ratio of the loss of system.These are represented by:
P=R*I2, the wherein internal resistance (in units of ohm) of R=mono-string location, P=loss (in units of watt) and I=flow through the electric current (in units of ampere) of unit.
Upper table set forth the loss of different designs.First row " comparative example " refers to design well known in the prior art.Owing to the diameter of terminal 24 is about the half of element diameter, the area of two terminals therefore from each unit in a certain row in conventional design and busbar involved in the heat transmission for all unit therein is 2 × N × (W/2)2× π/4 or N × W2/8(H>W).Thus, in this case, therefore heat transfer surface is every unit W2/ 8 or be 4.5cm in this example2(W=60mm).Heat convection surface is 460cm2(=2.6m2/ 56 unit), or high 100 times.Which show the limitation of prior art: if conduction surface cannot increase, then increasing does not have advantage to flow area.To large conductive area to need be the result of electric isolution required between each terminal or its interconnection and the cooling surface shared for multiple interconnection.Although prior art systems is 2.6m to flow area when the loss having 384W2, it is 68cm2/ W, but owing to conduction surface is only 0.7cm2/ W, therefore under not having force ventilated situation, it cannot be cooled.In each embodiment of the present utility model, convective surface can be made equal to or no better than conduction surfaces: 29cm2/W.Therefore cooling is to win far away.Cool down actually better than this.Good heat conductor (heatconductor) side or wall for module housing is selected to select good heat conductor (thermalconductor) (such as aluminum) to mean that the effective dimensions of convection current and radiating surface (namely cooling down surface) is provided by the height of module housing sidewall for bus bar materials.This is because heat can give out from busbar by transcalent material and enter in the material of housing sidewall, at the four corner reaching up to sidewall from the material of housing sidewall.Accordingly, because these materials, in all equatioies about cooling surface, size H is the size H of the Sidewall Height of the housing of module effectivelyW。

Claims (25)

1. the module including high power energy storage unit, described high power energy storage unit is two-terminal device, described high power energy storage unit is disposed in the described module with module housing, each high power energy storage unit is at least at least enclosed by the first frigorimeter bread in the first side, and at least at least enclosed by the second frigorimeter bread in the second side, wherein said first and second cooling surfaces are provided by the extension to relevant terminal conduction thermal conductive contact of busbar, and each cooling surface by the described extension thermal conductive contact with described busbar of described module housing but the side electrically insulated with described busbar or wall provide.
2. module according to claim 1, it is characterised in that each frigorimeter fever sensation of the face is connected to the different terminals of described high power energy storage unit.
3. module according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described high power energy storage unit is disposed at least one row in described module, be connected to by thermally conductive heat described high power energy storage unit terminal described first and second cooling surfaces at least one area at least equal to (N × W × H) 30%, each of which height power energy storage unit has width " W " and height " H ", and there is " N " individual high power energy storage unit in described at least one row；Or
Wherein said high power energy storage unit is disposed at least one row in described module, be connected to by thermally conductive heat described high power energy storage unit terminal described first and second cooling surfaces in the area of at least one at least equal to (N × W × H)+((N-1) × S)) 30%, each of which height power energy storage unit has width " W " and height " H ", and there is " N " individual high power energy storage unit in described at least one row, and the free space between described high power energy storage unit is " S ".
4. module according to claim 3, it is characterised in that area is (N × W × H) more than 40% of at least one in described first and second cooling surfaces.
5. module according to claim 3, it is characterised in that area is (N × W × H) more than 50% of at least one in described first and second cooling surfaces.
6. module according to claim 3, it is characterised in that area is (N × W × H) more than 60% of at least one in described first and second cooling surfaces.
7. module according to claim 3, it is characterised in that area is (N × W × H) more than 70% of at least one in described first and second cooling surfaces.
8. module according to claim 3, it is characterised in that area is (N × W × H) more than 80% of at least one in described first and second cooling surfaces.
9. module according to claim 3, it is characterised in that area is (N × W × H) more than 90% of at least one in described first and second cooling surfaces.
10. module according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the areas of at least one in described first and second cooling surfaces are (N × W × H)+((N-1) × S)) more than 40%.
11. module according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the areas of at least one in described first and second cooling surfaces are (N × W × H)+((N-1) × S)) more than 50%.
12. module according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the areas of at least one in described first and second cooling surfaces are (N × W × H)+((N-1) × S)) more than 60%.
13. module according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the areas of at least one in described first and second cooling surfaces are (N × W × H)+((N-1) × S)) more than 70%.
14. module according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the areas of at least one in described first and second cooling surfaces are (N × W × H)+((N-1) × S)) more than 80%.
15. module according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the areas of at least one in described first and second cooling surfaces are (N × W × H)+((N-1) × S)) more than 90%.
16. module according to claim 1, it is characterised in that providing convective surface, this convective surface is being provided between the 30% of surface of conduction of heat and 90%.
17. module according to claim 1, it is characterised in that providing convective surface, this convective surface is being provided between the 40% of surface of conduction of heat and 90%.
18. module according to claim 1, it is characterised in that providing convective surface, this convective surface is being provided between the 50% of surface of conduction of heat and 90%.
19. module according to claim 1, it is characterised in that providing convective surface, this convective surface is being provided between the 60% of surface of conduction of heat and 90%.
20. module according to claim 1, it is characterised in that providing convective surface, this convective surface is being provided between the 70% of surface of conduction of heat and 90%.
21. module according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described module housing is provided with fin and/or radiator, to be improved to the heat transmission of air, and provide better cooling.
22. module according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also include the device cooled down for gas or liquid.
23. module according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described high power energy storage unit is ultracapacitor or electrochemical capacitance or capacitor or the battery unit based on lithium.
24. according to the module described in any one in claim 3-15, it is characterised in that in each equation, the height " H " in shell dimension is the height (H of the sidewall of described housingw)。
25. the energy storage device of the module included described in claim 1.
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