CN204349909U - A kind of high efficiency photovoltaic module power optimizer and use the photovoltaic array of this optimizer - Google Patents
A kind of high efficiency photovoltaic module power optimizer and use the photovoltaic array of this optimizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN204349909U CN204349909U CN201520054019.4U CN201520054019U CN204349909U CN 204349909 U CN204349909 U CN 204349909U CN 201520054019 U CN201520054019 U CN 201520054019U CN 204349909 U CN204349909 U CN 204349909U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a kind of high efficiency photovoltaic module power optimizer and uses the photovoltaic array of this optimizer, and described optimizer comprises controller, DC/DC converter, current sensor, voltage sensor, semiconductor electronic K switch 1, K2, K3 and K4 and communication interface etc.The data of controller sampled light photovoltaic assembly voltage and current, and the data of sampling DC/DC converter output voltage and electric current, send pwm signal according to the last controller of data real-time computation module peak power output of sampling and drive DC/DC converter to carry out power conversion.Controller is also according to sample rate current and voltage data, and judge whether the substring of photovoltaic module and assembly exist exception, when a failure occurs, fault substring or assembly are bypassed.Improve photovoltaic generating system energy output thus, the situation effectively avoiding photovoltaic module fault or assembly substring fault to cause whole photovoltaic group string losing efficacy.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to technical field of photovoltaic power generation, particularly relates to a kind of high efficiency photovoltaic module power optimizer and uses the photovoltaic array of this optimizer.
Background technology
Photovoltaic generating system major part is by photovoltaic cell component series/parallel is formed photovoltaic array, photovoltaic array exports the DC bus being flowed to photovoltaic combining inverter through header box, DC power distribution cabinet, and direct current converts to exchange and outputs to electrical network through transformer by inverter.
Photovoltaic generating system maximum generation efficiency carries out MPPT maximum power point tracking MPPT (maximum power point tracking) by inverter to whole photovoltaic array to control to realize.The discreteness of photovoltaic cell component parameter, the inconsistency of photovoltaic battery panel setting angle, shade, block, dust, temperature and the factors such as aging all can cause photovoltaic cell component to export not mating, limit photovoltaic generating system and play maximum generation efficiency.
In order to obtain maximum power output, the usual MPPT maximum power point tracking MPPT that arranges in centralized inverter controls at present, but the input of inverter multichannel uses same MPPT, the difference of each photovoltaic module in None-identified series and parallel branch road, more impossible difference between photovoltaic module to be balanced, occur power loss serious caused by series and parallel mismatch.
Another kind of approach uses distributed photovoltaic power optimization control system.Such as, after adopting photovoltaic power optimizer to be directly additional to each photovoltaic module, comprise central controller, communication module, photovoltaic module, described photovoltaic module adopts multiple series series, parallel connection, each described photovoltaic module is connected with corresponding power optimization device, and photovoltaic module exports series and parallel connection output again after the conversion of power optimization device.Described central controller connects described communication module, communicates with photovoltaic power optimizer, realizes photovoltaic system overall coordination, distributed AC servo system.Its energy that can improve system to greatest extent exports, and can carry out data communication with central controller by communication module.Directly do maximum power tracing for single component, make photovoltaic module Maximum Power Output, and result is passed to central controller.Central controller receives the running parameter of the photovoltaic module that each optimizer sends, and monitor voltage, the current situation of the photovoltaic module that is masked, in computing and comprehensive basis, according to the optimized strategy of system power, coordinate output voltage and the electric current of each photovoltaic module, and make the DC bus-bar voltage of every optical crosstalk photovoltaic assembly equal.This control method can ensure that each photovoltaic module is operated in best operating point, but cannot avoid losing efficacy the problem that the respective sets string that causes cannot work due to single component.
CN201420219519 discloses a kind of photovoltaic power generation array with solar power optimizer, as shown in Figure 1, comprise N number of photovoltaic cell component, photovoltaic cell component connection in series-parallel forming array, the output of each photovoltaic cell component and a power optimization device parallel connection, the positive and negative terminal of m the power optimization device that m photovoltaic cell component is in parallel is sequentially connected serial connection, forms a photovoltaic cell component string.The power optimization device two ends of the serial connection of N/m photovoltaic cell component string are connected in parallel the photovoltaic power generation array of composition with solar power optimizer.Wherein power optimization device is made up of signal acquisition module, MPPT module, drive circuit module and DC/DC circuit module.In the application, each photovoltaic cell component is connected to a power optimization device, independently carry out maximum power tracing, reduce partial phantom in centralized MPPT solar photovoltaic generation system and block the power loss caused, significantly improve photovoltaic array generating efficiency, but cannot avoid losing efficacy the problem that the respective sets string that causes cannot work due to single component.
Utility model content
Export not mate cause energy output to reduce and single component lost efficacy the problem causing respective sets string to work to overcome photovoltaic module, the utility model provides and a kind of ensures each photovoltaic cell component power output to greatest extent, and can the photovoltaic module power optimizer of intelligent bypass faulty components.
The technical solution of the utility model: photovoltaic module power optimizer in the installation site of photovoltaic system as shown in Figure 2, three substrings (being also applicable to the photovoltaic module of other quantity substring) being input as photovoltaic module of optimizer, multiple optimizer exports a group string in series, be connected to the input of header box, form photovoltaic array.
Photovoltaic module power optimizer of the present utility model, comprises sampling unit, controls judging unit, bypass photovoltaic substring unit, bypass photovoltaic module unit, wherein:
Sampling unit, output current, the voltage data of DC/DC converter in sampled light photovoltaic assembly and optimizer;
Control judging unit, voltage and current data according to sampling unit sampling calculate photovoltaic module peak power output in real time, the DC/DC converter finally sent in pwm signal Drive Optimization device carries out power conversion, also judges whether photovoltaic substring, photovoltaic module break down according to the voltage and current data of sampling unit sampling;
Bypass photovoltaic substring unit, bypasses fault photovoltaic substring when photovoltaic substring breaks down;
Bypass photovoltaic module unit, bypasses fault photovoltaic module when photovoltaic module breaks down.
Sampling unit comprises current sensor CT1, CT2, voltage sensor VT1, VT2, VT3, VT4; Control judging unit and comprise controller; Bypass photovoltaic substring unit and bypass photovoltaic module unit comprise multiple semiconductor electronic switch.
Photovoltaic module comprises three photovoltaic substrings, each substring voltage is respectively Us1, Us2, Us3, the semiconductor electronic K switch 1 of the corresponding substring short circuit of three substring difference, K2, K3, semiconductor electronic K switch 1, K2, K3 are connected with controller input, controller one output is connected with semiconductor electronic K switch 4, photovoltaic module is connected with DC/DC converter input, and semiconductor switch K4 is connected with DC/DC converter two output.
Fig. 3 is the theory diagram of photovoltaic module optimizer, and critical piece comprises controller, DC/DC converter, current sensor CT1, CT2, voltage sensor VT1, VT2, VT3, VT4, semiconductor electronic K switch 1, K2, K3 and K4, communication interface etc.
The data of sampling unit sampled light photovoltaic assembly output voltage Ui and electric current I i, and the data of the DC/DC converter output voltage Uo and electric current I o that samples, controller is according to the real-time computation module peak power output of data of sampling, computational methods can be any one MPPT algorithm, and last controller sends pwm signal and drives DC/DC converter to carry out power conversion.
The assembly substring voltage U s1 of controller according to sampling, the data of Us2, Us3 and electric current I i, judge whether the substring of photovoltaic module exists exception, when substring breaks down, corresponding substring short switch (K1, K2, K3) closes, and fault substring is bypassed.
Controller is according to the photovoltaic module substring voltage U s1 sampled, Us2, Us3, electric current I i, the data such as DC/DC converter output voltage Uo, output current Io, judge whether photovoltaic module exists exception, if controller confirms component faults, K4 closes, DC/DC converter quits work simultaneously, and fault photovoltaic module is bypassed.
The circuit topology of DC/DC converter can be the various high efficiency DC/DC converters such as LLC resonant converter, BUCK converter, BOOST converter, BUCK-BOOST converter, anti exciting converter, forward converter.
During the work of DC/DC converter, simulation photovoltaic cell output characteristic, therefore exports as current source mode.
Communication interface is RS485, CAN, RS232, ZIGBEE or Ethernet etc., and Content of communciation comprises photovoltaic module running status, optimizer operating state, and host computer carries out scheduling and controlling to optimizer.
Each output power of photovoltaic module fully optimized by photovoltaic module power optimizer of the present utility model, improve photovoltaic generating system energy output, the situation effectively avoiding photovoltaic module fault or assembly substring fault to cause whole photovoltaic group string losing efficacy, and possess the advantages such as remote monitoring photovoltaic module running status.
The application also relates to a kind of photovoltaic array, uses multiple optimizer as above, and wherein the input of optimizer connects the substring of photovoltaic module, and multiple optimizer output group string in series, is connected to the input of header box.
Accompanying drawing explanation
With the photovoltaic array of photovoltaic optimizer in Fig. 1 prior art
The photovoltaic optimizer electrical connection diagram of Fig. 2 the application
The photovoltaic optimizer theory diagram of Fig. 3 the application
LLC series resonant converter in the photovoltaic optimizer of Fig. 4 the application
Schematic diagram implemented by the photovoltaic optimizer of Fig. 5 the application
The MPPT workflow diagram of the photovoltaic optimizer of Fig. 6 the application
Embodiment
Optimizer critical piece comprises controller, DC/DC converter, current sensor CT1, CT2, voltage sensor VT1, VT2, VT3, VT4, semiconductor electronic K switch 1, K2, K3 and K4, communication interface etc.
The circuit topology of DC/DC converter can be LLC resonant converter, BUCK converter, BOOST converter, BUCK-BOOST converter, anti exciting converter and forward converter etc.
During the work of DC/DC converter, simulation photovoltaic cell output characteristic, therefore exports as current source mode.
In order to the conversion efficiency allowing photovoltaic module optimizer reach high as far as possible, DC/DC converter can adopt LLC series resonant converter, and principle as shown in Figure 4, uses the complete photovoltaic module optimizer principle of LLC series resonant converter as shown in Fig. 5.
Photovoltaic cell component exports and is connected to the former limit of LLC series resonant converter, and LLC series resonant converter exports the output as photovoltaic module entirety.
The data of the photovoltaic module output voltage Ui that controller is sampled according to transducer VT1, VT4, CT1 and CT2 and output current Ii, and the data of sampling DC/DC converter output voltage Uo and electric current I o, real-time calculating photovoltaic module present output power, and find maximum power point according to certain strategy, namely MPPT calculates, and result of calculation controls converter operating state by PWM1 and PWM2 two-way drive singal.
Conventional MPPT method has voltage-tracing method of determining, Feedback of Power method, disturbance observation method and incremental conductance method etc.
Photovoltaic cell is at MPP place, and its slope is 0, in conjunction with P=UI, obtains
namely
on time quantum, its expression formula is
photovoltaic cell output voltage current value in conjunction with t and t-1 moment carries out judging whether at MPP.As shown in Figure 6, if
photovoltaic cell output voltage should be reduced, otherwise increase; If dU is 0 in addition, so can adjust photovoltaic cell output voltage according to the change of electric current, dI>0, increase photovoltaic cell output voltage, otherwise then reduce photovoltaic cell output voltage.In addition, the selection of step-length is also very crucial, considers to determine step-length according to dP/dU, judges with its absolute value, on duty larger time, the step-length of system keeps track is larger; When less, the step-length of system keeps track is less.
The assembly substring voltage U s1 of controller according to sampling, the data of Us2, Us3 and assembly output current Ii, judge whether the substring of photovoltaic module exists exception, when substring breaks down, corresponding substring short switch (K1, K2, K3) closes, and fault substring is bypassed.Controller is according to the photovoltaic module substring voltage U s1 sampled, Us2, Us3, electric current I i, the data of the sampling such as output voltage Uo, electric current I o, judge whether photovoltaic module exists exception, if controller confirms component faults, K4 closes, DC/DC converter quits work simultaneously, and fault photovoltaic module is bypassed.Namely realize optimizer according to the various voltage and current data of sampling, whether detection photovoltaic module and photovoltaic module substring break down, and are bypassed if there is the corresponding assembly of fault or substring.
The cell piece kind that photovoltaic cell component uses is more, and mainly contain polysilicon, monocrystalline silicon, film, nanocrystalline and organic photovoltaic battery etc., the photovoltaic cell component characteristic difference of various material is larger.For 60 156*156mm polysilicon photovoltaic cells assemblies, the detailed process judging substring and component faults is described.
60 cell pieces are divided into three substrings, the series connection of each substring 20 cell pieces, three substrings are connected into a complete photovoltaic cell component again.According to the characteristic of 156*156mm polycrystalline silicon battery plate, cell piece voltage is less than 0.4V and operating current is less than 0.1 times of output short circuit current Isc, or cell piece voltage is greater than cell piece maximum open circuit voltage Vocc (maximum open circuit voltage Vocc is generally about 0.6V), think that substring occurs abnormal.
Substring fault detect flow process is as follows:
1) if Us1<8V (20*0.4V) and Ii<0.1*Isc, controller driving switch K3 conducting, by substring 3 short circuit.
2) if Us2<8V and Ii<0.1*Isc, controller driving switch K2 conducting, by substring 2 short circuit.
3) if Us3<8V and Ii<0.1*Isc, controller driving switch K1 conducting, by substring 1 short circuit.
4) if Us1> (20*Vocc), controller driving switch K3 conducting, by substring 3 short circuit.
5) if Us2> (20*Vocc), controller driving switch K2 conducting, by substring 2 short circuit.
6) if Us3> (20*Vocc), controller driving switch K1 conducting, by substring 1 short circuit.
7) controller is waited for 300 seconds and is not performed substring fault detect action, and the stand-by period can adjust as required.
8) controller driving switch K1, K2, K3 are off state.
9) perform an action 1 successively), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8).
Component faults testing process is as follows:
1) if actual measurement assembly electric current Ipv>Isc, controller drives K4 conducting, and assembly is bypassed.
2) if actual measurement component voltage Vpv>Voc, controller drives K4 conducting, and assembly is bypassed, and wherein Voc is photovoltaic module Open Output Voltage, is generally slightly less than 40V.
3) if K1 conducting and K2 conducting and K3 conducting, controller drives K4 conducting, and assembly is bypassed.
4) controller wait for 300 seconds not executive module detect action, the stand-by period can adjust as required.
5) controller driving switch K4 is off state.
6) perform an action 1 successively), 2), 3), 4), 5).
Communication interface is RS485, CAN, RS232, ZIGBEE or Ethernet etc., and Content of communciation comprises photovoltaic module running status, optimizer operating state, and host computer carries out scheduling and controlling to optimizer.
Controller carries out communication through communication interface and host computer.
Each output power of photovoltaic module fully optimized by photovoltaic module power optimizer of the present utility model, improve photovoltaic generating system energy output, the situation effectively avoiding photovoltaic module fault or assembly substring fault to cause whole photovoltaic group string losing efficacy, and possess the advantages such as remote monitoring photovoltaic module running status.
Above-described embodiment, be only the specific case further described the purpose of this utility model, technical scheme and beneficial effect, the utility model is not defined in this.All make within the scope of disclosure of utility model any amendment, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., be all included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a photovoltaic module power optimizer, comprises sampling unit, controls judging unit, bypass photovoltaic substring unit, bypass photovoltaic module unit, it is characterized in that:
Sampling unit, output current, the voltage data of DC/DC converter in sampled light photovoltaic assembly and optimizer;
Control judging unit, voltage and current data according to sampling unit sampling calculate photovoltaic module peak power output in real time, the DC/DC converter finally sent in pwm signal Drive Optimization device carries out power conversion, also judges whether photovoltaic substring, photovoltaic module break down according to the voltage and current data of sampling unit sampling;
Bypass photovoltaic substring unit, bypasses fault photovoltaic substring when photovoltaic substring breaks down;
Bypass photovoltaic module unit, bypasses fault photovoltaic module when photovoltaic module breaks down.
2. photovoltaic module power optimizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein sampling unit comprises current sensor, voltage sensor; Control judging unit and comprise controller; Bypass photovoltaic substring unit and bypass photovoltaic module unit comprise multiple semiconductor electronic switch.
3. photovoltaic module power optimizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein photovoltaic module comprises photovoltaic substring 1, photovoltaic substring 2, photovoltaic substring 3, each substring voltage is respectively Us1, Us2, Us3, the semiconductor electronic K switch 1 of the corresponding substring short circuit of three substring difference, K2, K3, semiconductor electronic K switch 1, K2, K3 are connected with controller input, controller one output is connected with semiconductor electronic K switch 4, photovoltaic module is connected with DC/DC converter input, and semiconductor switch K4 is connected with DC/DC converter two output.
4. photovoltaic module power optimizer as claimed in claim 3, the wherein data of sampling unit sampled light photovoltaic assembly output voltage Ui and output current Ii, and the data of the DC/DC converter output voltage Uo and output current Io that samples, controller is according to the real-time computation module peak power output of data of sampling, and last controller sends pwm signal and drives DC/DC converter to carry out power conversion;
The photovoltaic module substring voltage U s1 of controller according to sampling, the data of Us2, Us3 and electric current I i, judge whether the substring of photovoltaic module exists exception, when substring breaks down, control the semiconductor electronic K switch 1 of corresponding substring short circuit, K2, K3 are closed, fault substring is bypassed;
Controller is according to the photovoltaic module substring voltage U s1 sampled, Us2, Us3, electric current I i, the data of DC/DC converter output voltage Uo, electric current I o, judge whether photovoltaic module exists exception, if controller confirms component faults, K4 closes, DC/DC converter quits work simultaneously, and fault photovoltaic module is bypassed.
5. photovoltaic module power optimizer as claimed in claim 4, wherein photovoltaic module is 60 156*156mm polysilicon photovoltaic cells sheet compositions, wherein each substring has 20 photovoltaic cells to be in series, single photovoltaic cell voltage is less than 0.4V and operating current is less than 0.1 times of output short circuit current Isc, or single photovoltaic cell voltage is greater than photovoltaic cell maximum open circuit voltage Vocc, think that substring occurs abnormal.
6. photovoltaic module power optimizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein photovoltaic module comprises multiple photovoltaic substring.
7. photovoltaic module power optimizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the circuit topology of DC/DC converter is LLC resonant converter, BUCK converter, BOOST converter, BUCK-BOOST converter, anti exciting converter or forward converter.
8. photovoltaic module power optimizer as claimed in claim 4, also comprise communication interface, wherein communication interface is RS485, CAN, RS232, ZIGBEE or ether, and Content of communciation comprises photovoltaic module running status, optimizer operating state, and host computer carries out scheduling and controlling to optimizer.
9. a photovoltaic array, uses multiple optimizer as claimed in claim 1, and wherein the input of optimizer connects the substring of photovoltaic module, and multiple optimizer output group string in series, is connected to the input of header box.
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| CN104506135A (en) * | 2015-01-26 | 2015-04-08 | 深圳市永联科技有限公司 | High-efficiency photovoltaic module power optimizer |
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| CN108111115A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-06-01 | 郑州中能光电设备有限公司 | The maintenance device and method of a kind of photovoltaic generation |
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| CN113517718A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-10-19 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Photovoltaic group series-parallel mismatch optimization method, power equipment and photovoltaic system |
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