CN116973225A - Visual testing device for macroscopic display and quantification of shape memory effect - Google Patents
Visual testing device for macroscopic display and quantification of shape memory effect Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/20—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady bending forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
Abstract
The invention discloses a visual testing device for macroscopic display and quantification of shape memory effect, which comprises a box body, video shooting equipment, refrigerating equipment, heating equipment, temperature control equipment, lighting equipment, a sample table, a mechanical clamping system and a shape memory testing component, wherein: a visual window is arranged on the front side wall of the box body; the video shooting equipment is erected outside the box body and in front of the visual window; the inside of the box body is provided with refrigerating equipment, heating equipment, lighting equipment, temperature control equipment, a sample table, a mechanical clamping system and a shape memory testing component; the temperature control equipment is connected with the refrigerating equipment and the heating equipment; the mechanical clamping system is fixed at the rear side of the sample stage, so that a test sample is conveniently fixed; the shape memory test assembly is a test assembly in a U-shaped deformation mode or a test assembly in a stretching/compressing mode. The device provided by the invention can be used for qualitative experiments and quantitative display, and the whole testing process has the visual characteristic.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of shape memory material characterization, and relates to a device for macroscopic display and quantification of shape memory effect of a thermally-induced phase-change shape memory polymer.
Background
Thermally induced phase change Shape Memory Polymers (SMPs) are one type of smart materials, the traditional definition of which refers to polymers that respond to an external thermal stimulus, whose original shape changes to a temporary shape after being subjected to the external thermal stimulus, and eventually returns to the original shape, a behavior known as the thermally responsive Shape Memory Effect (SME). Depending on the functionality, it can be classified into one-way and two-way shape memory effects, which can each achieve a two-level, three-level or multi-level shape. According to the literature, they find application mainly in the field of actuators, biomedical fields, artificial muscles and other more specific fields, such as drug delivery, smart films, smart grips, etc.
Shape memory performance parameters of thermally induced SMPs are achieved primarily by recording the entire shape memory process of the material and reading shape memory related variables, such as shape retention (R f ) And shape recovery rate (R) r ). Literature shows that SMPs can be programmed into a variety of complex shapes by external forces, but in the actual characterization process, to more intuitively and uniformly compare the shape memory properties of different types of SMPs, the SMPs are typically tested for tensile or flexural recovery. In fact, a temperature control program and constant external force are needed to control the shape recovery of SMPs during the whole test processSpecific methods of study for shape memory performance testing of SMPs were: (1) dynamic thermo-mechanical testing; (2) testing the variable temperature liquid medium. However, the existing characterization method of shape memory effect cannot obtain a complete, intuitive and more accurate shape memory recovery process.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems of the prior shape memory effect measurement method, the invention provides a visual test device for macroscopic display and quantification of the shape memory effect, which is used for the visual test of the macroscopic display and quantification of the shape memory effect and has the functions of one-way shape memory performance and two-way shape memory performance test.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
a visual testing arrangement for macroscopic display of shape memory effect and quantization, includes box, video shooting equipment, refrigeration plant, heats equipment, temperature control equipment, lighting apparatus, sample platform, mechanics clamping system, shape memory test subassembly, wherein:
a visual window is arranged on the front side wall of the box body;
the video shooting equipment is erected outside the box body and in front of the visual window;
the inside of the box body is provided with refrigerating equipment, heating equipment, lighting equipment, temperature control equipment, a sample table, a mechanical clamping system and a shape memory testing component;
the temperature control equipment is connected with the refrigerating equipment and the heating equipment to obtain a temperature control system, so that the switching of a temperature field is realized;
the mechanical clamping system is fixed at the rear side of the sample stage, so that a test sample is conveniently fixed;
the shape memory test assembly is a test assembly in a U-shaped deformation mode or a test assembly in a stretching/compressing mode;
the testing component in the U-shaped deformation mode comprises a deformation angle measuring device and a mechanical sensor device, wherein the deformation angle measuring device comprises a sample electric driving rotary clamp and a protractor, and the protractor is arranged behind a sample table and in front of a mechanical clamping system and is used for measuring the bending angle of a sample; the sample electrically-driven rotary clamp is arranged on one side of the sample table; the mechanical sensor device is hung above the sample through an iron stand and is used for testing the shape restoring force of the U-shaped deformation sample during shape restoration;
the test assembly in the stretching/compressing mode is a shape stretching and recovering measurement device and comprises a sample electrically driven stretching clamp, a measuring ruler and a single-shaft sliding guide rail, wherein the measuring ruler is arranged behind a sample table and in front of a mechanical clamping system and is used for measuring the stretching or compressing length of the sample; the sample electrically-driven stretching clamp is arranged on a single-shaft sliding guide rail, and the single-shaft sliding guide rail is arranged on one side of the sample table.
A method for testing one-way shape memory performance in bending deformation mode by using the device comprises the following steps:
one end of a test sample is fixed on a sample electric driving rotary clamp, and the other end of the test sample is fixed on a mechanical clamping system, wherein the test sample is in a rectangular sheet shape, the length is 2-20 cm, the thickness is 0.1-3 mm, and the width is arbitrary;
step two, adjusting the temperature to the material deformation temperature of the test sample through a temperature control system, electrically driving the rotary clamp to move by the sample, so that the test sample is deformed to be U-shaped, keeping the driving force unchanged, adjusting the temperature to be below the material deformation temperature of the test sample, unloading external force which generates deformation, keeping for a period of time, testing the deformation amount of the test sample before and after cooling, and calculating to obtain the shape fixing rate of the test sample;
thirdly, adjusting the temperature in the box to be higher than the material deformation temperature of the test sample through the temperature control system, and electrically driving the rotary clamp to loosen the test sample by the sample to enable the test sample to recover freely, and after recovery, calculating the deformation, recovery time and the like of the test sample before and after the recovery, and obtaining the shape recovery rate, the shape recovery time and the shape recovery speed of the test sample.
A method for testing the two-way shape memory performance in a bending deformation mode by using the device comprises the following steps:
fixing one end of a test sample shaped into a U shape on a mechanical clamping system, wherein the other end of the test sample can freely move, the test sample is a rectangular sheet of a two-way shape memory material, the length of the test sample is 2-20 cm, the thickness of the test sample is 0.1-3 mm, and the test sample is arbitrary in width, so that the test sample can be converted between a bending state and a unfolding state;
step two, adjusting the temperature to the deformation temperature of the bending state of the test sample through a temperature control system, and testing the bending angle and the shape deformation time of the sample after the test is changed into a U shape;
and thirdly, adjusting the temperature to the deformation temperature of the unfolding state of the test sample through a temperature control system, testing the bending angle and the shape deformation time of the straightened sample, and calculating to obtain the reversible strain and the shape recovery speed of the test sample.
A method for testing one-way shape memory performance in a stretching/compression deformation mode by using the device comprises the following steps:
one end of a test sample is fixed on a sample electric driving stretching clamp, and the other end of the test sample is fixed on a mechanical clamping system, wherein the test sample is in a rectangular sheet shape, the length is 2-20 cm, the thickness is 0.1-3 mm, and the width is 0.1-3 cm;
step two, adjusting the temperature in the box to be higher than the material deformation temperature of the test sample through a temperature control system, and stretching the test sample to a certain deformation by electrically driving the sample to move on the single-shaft sliding guide rail; maintaining the tensile/compressive force unchanged, reducing the temperature of the box body below the material deformation temperature of the test sample, unloading the external force which generates deformation, maintaining for a period of time, testing the deformation of the test sample before and after cooling, and calculating to obtain the shape fixing rate of the test sample;
thirdly, regulating the temperature in the box to be higher than the material deformation temperature of the test sample through a temperature control system, so that the test sample can recover freely without external force intervention; after the recovery is finished, the deformation, recovery time and the like of the test sample before and after the recovery are tested, and the shape recovery rate, the shape recovery time and the shape recovery speed of the test sample are calculated.
A method for testing the two-way shape memory performance in a stretching/compression deformation mode by using the device comprises the following steps:
fixing one end of a test sample subjected to stretching/compression shaping on a mechanical clamping system, and enabling the other end of the test sample to freely move, wherein the test sample is a rectangular sheet of a two-way shape memory material, and has a length of 2-20 cm, a thickness of 0.1-3 mm and a width of 0.1-3 cm, so that the length of the test sample can be changed;
step two, adjusting the temperature to the deformation temperature of the tensile/compressive state of the test sample through a temperature control system, and testing the strain and shape deformation time of the test sample;
and thirdly, regulating the temperature to the deformation temperature of the initial state of the test sample through a temperature control system, and calculating the strain and shape deformation time of the test sample to obtain the reversible strain and shape recovery speed of the test sample.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the device of the invention has the advantages of centralizing multiple functions, having stronger practicability and meeting the following functions: (1) The visibility is strong, and the complete shape memory shaping-restoring process can be observed and recorded in real time by using the imaging equipment; (2) The instantaneous performance parameters such as the shape fixation rate, the shape recovery force and the transition temperature are synchronously obtained, so that the method can be suitable for samples with different shapes; (3) The method can be used for simulating and researching various application scenes of the thermal response SMPs.
2. The device provided by the invention can be used for qualitative experiments and quantitative display, and the whole testing process has the visual characteristic.
3. The test temperature of the device can be between-15 and 200 ℃, which is not available in the conventional display oven.
4. The invention designs a deformation assembly for bending SMPs into a U-shaped mode and a deformation assembly for stretching (or compressing) mode, and the deformation assembly can be automatically operated.
5. The device can be used for testing the two-way shape memory performance, and determines the testing modes of different samples and the calculation formulas of the shape memory performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a visual testing device;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a visual testing device;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a deformation angle measurement device;
FIG. 4 is a "U" shaped pattern;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a shape stretch and recovery measuring device;
FIG. 6 is a sample initial shape (left) and temporary shape (right);
fig. 7 is a diagram showing the return of the sample from the temporary shape (left) to the original shape (right);
FIG. 8 is a sample initial shape (left), stretched shape (middle) and temporary shape (right);
FIG. 9 is a temporary shape (left) of the sample, a recovered shape (middle) and an original shape (right);
FIG. 10 is a sample initial shape (left), elongated shape (middle) and recovered shape (right);
in the figure, 1-refrigeration equipment, 2-heating equipment, 3-lighting equipment, 4-sample platform, 5-servo motor, 6-unipolar sliding guide rail, 7-sample electric drive stretching clamp, 8-air pump, 9-protractor, 10-sample electric drive rotating clamp and 11-mechanical sensor.
Detailed Description
The following description of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings, but is not limited to the following description, and any modifications or equivalent substitutions of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a visual testing device for macroscopic display and quantification of shape memory effect, which is mainly characterized by comprising the following components: (1) whole-course visual shape memory performance observation and recording; (2) Setting a shape memory test program to obtain performance parameters such as a shape fixing rate, a shape recovery rate and the like; (3) has the functions of temperature programming and temperature reducing; (4) The test assembly is designed and manufactured for testing shape memory performance in bending, stretching and compression modes.
The device comprises a box body, a refrigerating device, a heating device, a temperature control device, a lighting device, a video shooting device, a mechanical clamping system, a shape memory testing component (comprising a deformation component which is used for bending SMPs into a U-shaped mode and a mechanical sensor which is used for testing shape restoring force and a deformation component which can be used for stretching (or compressing) mode), and a sample stage, wherein:
(1) A temperature control box body for testing is prepared by adopting a rigid heat insulation material, and a testing platform capable of realizing the shape memory deformation process is constructed. The refrigerating equipment, the heating equipment, the temperature control equipment and the like are arranged in the box body, so that the program heating and the program cooling are realized in the box body.
(2) The box body is designed to be provided with a visual window and video shooting equipment is erected so as to observe the deformation process of materials and the like;
(3) Designing a fixture device which is applied to a deformation assembly for bending SMPs into a U-shaped mode and can be used for temporary shaping and fixing; and a mechanical sensor is additionally arranged and used for calculating bending deformation, and the shape restoring force can be measured through the change of the force displayed by the force sensor.
(4) Designing a fixture device which can be applied to a deformation assembly in a stretching (or compression) mode and can be used for temporary shaping and fixing;
in the invention, the temperature controller is connected with the refrigerating equipment and the heating equipment, so that the temperature field can be switched; the refrigerating equipment is integrated with the temperature controller by the semiconductor refrigerating equipment, the heating equipment is integrated with the temperature controller by the semiconductor heating equipment, and the refrigerating equipment and the heating equipment are arranged on two sides of the inner wall of the rear side of the box body; the illumination equipment is arranged at the included angle of the inner wall of the top of the box body and is independently arranged, and the brightness degree in the box can be set through an adjusting button; the sample table is fixed at the bottom of the box body through bolts; the mechanical clamping system is fixed above the rear side of the sample stage through bolts; the shape memory testing component is used as independent equipment and is detachable; the front side wall of the box body is provided with a visual window, and the video shooting equipment is erected outside the box body and in front of the visual window.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the deformation assembly applied to bend SMPs into a "U" shape pattern includes a sample electrically driven rotating jig and a protractor, wherein: the protractor is arranged behind the sample table and in front of the mechanical clamping system and is used for measuring the bending angle of the sample; the sample electric drive rotating clamp is arranged on one side of the sample table, one end of the sample is fixed on the sample electric drive rotating clamp, the other end of the sample is fixed on the mechanical clamping system, the temperature of the sample is raised to the deformation temperature by utilizing heating equipment, the sample electric drive rotating clamp moves, the sample is deformed to be U-shaped, the sample is cooled to be below the deformation temperature by utilizing refrigerating equipment, the sample is loosened by the sample electric drive rotating clamp, and the sample is reset.
As shown in fig. 5, the deformation assembly applicable to the stretching (or compressing) mode of the SMPs includes a sample electrically driven stretching clamp, a measuring scale, and a single-axis sliding rail, wherein: the measuring ruler is arranged behind the sample table and in front of the mechanical clamping system and is used for measuring the stretching or compression length of the sample; the sample electrically-driven stretching clamp is arranged on the single-shaft sliding guide rail, the single-shaft sliding guide rail is arranged on one side of the sample table, one end of the sample is fixed on the sample electrically-driven stretching clamp, the other end of the sample is fixed on the mechanical clamping system, the temperature of the sample is raised to the deformation temperature by utilizing heating equipment, the sample electrically-driven stretching clamp moves on the single-shaft sliding guide rail, the sample is stretched or compressed, the sample is cooled to below the deformation temperature by utilizing refrigerating equipment, the sample is loosened by the sample electrically-driven stretching clamp, and the sample is reset.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a device for macroscopic display and quantification of shape memory effect of a thermally-induced phase-change shape memory polymer, which comprises the following specific manufacturing steps:
(1) Compounding an acrylic plate with the length of 100cm and the width of 100cm with a glue solution for a fireproof insulation board with the length of 100cm and the width of 100cm, and designing and manufacturing a box body with the length of 50cm and the width of 70cm and the height of 50cm by cutting;
(2) Integrating semiconductor refrigeration equipment with a temperature controller, and installing the semiconductor refrigeration equipment in the box body according to a designed hole site;
(3) Integrating semiconductor heating equipment with a temperature controller, and installing the semiconductor heating equipment in the box body according to the hole site design;
(4) After the installation, installing a baffle along the heating air outlet and the refrigerating air outlet;
(5) Cutting an acrylic plate and a fireproof heat-insulating plate composite plate, and manufacturing an inner box with the length of 30cm (length) multiplied by 40cm (width) multiplied by 30cm (height) as a sample for testing according to the design;
(6) The inner box is placed in the outer box, a heat-insulating glass observation window is designed on the front surface of the outer box, and the inner box and the outer box share one surface at one side of an observation port;
(7) Installing a temperature controller instrument on the external chopping board on the front surface;
(8) Designing a shape memory test assembly in a U-shaped mode;
(9) Installing a shape memory test assembly in a U-shaped mode in the inner box;
(10) The sample table is fixed at the bottom of the inner box through bolts;
(11) And performing shape memory performance test.
The shape memory performance test mainly comprises the following aspects: shape fixation rate, shape recovery rate, shape memory recovery time, shape memory recovery speed, shape memory recovery force, etc. The test method is specifically described below, and examples are given in connection with a spline whose initial shape is horizontal and whose temporary shape is U-shaped.
a. Shape fixation ratio (R) f )
As shown in fig. 6, the angle at which the initial shape is defined is 180 °, and the provisional shape spline angle of the strict U-shape is defined as 0. At this time, the shape fixation ratio is:
in experiments, many splines, when given temporary shapes, often fail to form a strict U-shape, i.e., the shape retention rate is less than 100%. At this time, the shape fixation ratio is:
wherein alpha is the included angle between the fixed line and the horizontal line.
The shaping operation process comprises the following steps: and (3) sticking polyimide adhesive tapes on two ends of the sample strip, fixing the polyimide adhesive tapes on one end on the sample electrically-driven rotary clamp, fixing the other end on the mechanical clamping system, heating for 20min to reach the deformation temperature of the sample strip, electrically-driven rotary clamp for movement of the sample strip, so that the sample strip is deformed into a U shape, cooling, tearing the adhesive tapes, and measuring the shape fixing rate.
b. Shape recovery (R) r )
As shown in fig. 7, the shape memory spline is returned from the temporary shape to the original shape by heating or the like. Here, a temporary shape spline (with an angle α after fixation) of a non-strict U shape is selected for the recovery test.
In a rational case, the spline returns to a full level, at which point the recovery is 100%.
However, many times the spline does not return to a full level, but rather there is an angle β. At this time, the recovery rate is:
wherein, beta is the included angle between the restoring line and the horizontal line.
c. Shape recovery time (T) r )
Shape memory recovery time T r The calculation starts from the moment the spline starts to recover to the point the shape is fully recovered.
d. Shape recovery speed (V) r )
Shape memory recovery speed was calculated as per the recovery case in fig. 7:
e. shape memory restoring force (F) r )
The shape memory restoring force is tracked and measured by using an mechanics sensor, the data of each time point measured by the force sensor can be exported to a computer through a serial port line, and the change curve of the restoring force along with time can be obtained by using drawing software.
Example 2:
the embodiment provides a device for macroscopic display and quantification of shape memory effect of a thermally-induced phase-change shape memory polymer, which comprises the following specific manufacturing steps:
(1) Compounding an acrylic plate with the length of 100cm and the width of 100cm with a glue solution for a fireproof insulation board with the length of 100cm and the width of 100cm, and designing and manufacturing a box body with the length of 50cm and the width of 70cm and the height of 50cm by cutting;
(2) Integrating semiconductor refrigeration equipment with a temperature controller, and installing the semiconductor refrigeration equipment in the box body according to a designed hole site;
(3) Integrating semiconductor heating equipment with a temperature controller, and installing the semiconductor heating equipment in the box body according to the hole site design;
(4) After the installation, installing a baffle along the heating air outlet and the refrigerating air outlet;
(5) Cutting an acrylic plate and a fireproof heat-insulating plate composite plate, and manufacturing an inner box with the length of 30cm (length) multiplied by 40cm (width) multiplied by 30cm (height) as a sample for testing according to the design;
(6) The inner box is placed in the outer box, a heat-insulating glass observation window is designed on the front surface of the outer box, and the inner box and the outer box share one surface at one side of an observation port;
(7) Installing a temperature controller instrument on the external chopping board on the front surface;
(8) Designing a shape memory test assembly in a tensile (or compressive) mode;
(9) Installing a shape memory test assembly in a tensile (or compressive) mode in the inner box;
(10) The sample table is fixed at the bottom of the inner box through bolts;
(11) And performing shape memory performance test.
The shape memory performance test mainly comprises the following aspects: shape fixation rate, shape recovery rate, shape memory recovery time, shape memory recovery speed, etc. The test method is specifically described below, and examples are given in connection with a spline whose initial shape is unstrained and whose temporary shape is in a stretched or compressed state.
a. Shape fixation ratio (R) f )
As shown in FIG. 8, the length of the test specimen at the time of defining the initial shape is a 0 The length of the cooled and recovered test sample is a 1 The stroke length of the motor movement is deltaa. Wherein, Δa sign is positive when motor drive test sample is tensile, and Δa sign is negative when motor drive test sample is compressed. Ideally, the distance Δa of motor movement is equal to the length (a 1 -a 0 ) The same applies here that the shape fixation ratio is:
in experiments, the shape of the test sample returns to a certain length after being endowed with the temporary shape in many times, and the actual shape of the test sample changes by a length smaller than the distance of the motor, namely the shape fixing rate is less than 100%. At this time, the shape fixation ratio is:
wherein a is 0 To test the length of the initial shape of the sample, a 1 To test the length of the sample after cooling and recovery, Δa is the stroke length of the motor motion.
The shaping operation process comprises the following steps: and (3) sticking polyimide tapes on two ends of the test sample, and respectively fixing the polyimide tapes on two sides of the sliding guide rail. Heating for 20min to reach the deformation temperature of the test sample, driving the sliding rail to move by the motor and driving the test sample to stretch or compress, cooling, tearing the adhesive tape, and measuring the shape fixing rate.
b. Shape of a Chinese characterState recovery (R) r )
As shown in fig. 9, the shape memory test sample is returned from the temporary shape to the original shape by heating or the like. Here, a test sample having a naturally recovered shape after cooling was selected for explanation. Ideally, the test sample will return to the same length as the original shape, at which point the recovery is 100%.
However, many times the test sample does not recover completely, the length a of the test sample after recovery 2 With the initial length a of the test sample 0 There is a certain gap. At this time, the recovery rate is:
wherein a is 2 To test the length of the sample after recovery.
c. Shape recovery time (T) r )
Shape memory recovery time T r Calculation is started from the moment the test sample starts to recover to the end when the shape is completely recovered.
d. Shape recovery speed (V) r )
Shape memory recovery speed was calculated as per the recovery case in fig. 9:
example 3:
the embodiment provides a device for macroscopically displaying and quantifying the two-way shape memory effect of a thermally-induced phase-change shape memory polymer, which comprises the following specific manufacturing steps:
(1) Compounding an acrylic plate with the length of 100cm and the width of 100cm with a glue solution for a fireproof insulation board with the length of 100cm and the width of 100cm, and designing and manufacturing a box body with the length of 50cm and the width of 70cm and the height of 50cm by cutting;
(2) Integrating semiconductor refrigeration equipment with a temperature controller, and installing the semiconductor refrigeration equipment in the box body according to a designed hole site;
(3) Integrating semiconductor heating equipment with a temperature controller, and installing the semiconductor heating equipment in the box body according to the hole site design;
(4) After the installation, installing a baffle along the heating air outlet and the refrigerating air outlet;
(5) Cutting an acrylic plate and a fireproof heat-insulating plate composite plate, and manufacturing an inner box with the length of 30cm (length) multiplied by 40cm (width) multiplied by 30cm (height) as a sample for testing according to the design;
(6) The inner box is placed in the outer box, a heat-insulating glass observation window is designed on the front surface of the outer box, and the inner box and the outer box share one surface at one side of an observation port;
(7) Installing a temperature controller instrument on the external chopping board on the front surface;
(8) Designing a shape memory test assembly in a tensile (or compressive) mode;
(9) Installing a shape memory test assembly in a tensile (or compressive) mode in the inner box;
(10) The sample table is fixed at the bottom of the inner box through bolts;
(11) And performing shape memory performance test.
The two-way shape memory performance test mainly comprises the following aspects: reversible strain, shape memory recovery time, shape memory recovery rate, etc. The test method is specifically described below, and examples are given in connection with a spline whose initial shape is unstrained and whose deformed shape is in a stretched or compressed state.
a. Reversible strain
As shown in FIG. 10, the length of the test specimen in the initial shape is a 0 The length of the deformed test sample is a 1 The length of the test sample after the shape returns to the initial state is a 2 . The strain of the two phases of the sample was:
the reversible strain of the sample is the strain average of the test:
b. shape recovery time (T) r )
Shape memory recovery time T r Calculation is started from the moment when the shape of the test sample starts to change to the moment when the shape is completely recovered.
c. Shape recovery speed (V) r )
Shape memory recovery rate was calculated from reversible strain and shape recovery time:
wherein a is 0 To test the length of the initial shape of the sample, a 1 To test the deformed length of the sample, a 2 To test the length of the sample after the shape returns to the initial state, T r For shape recovery time, Δε is the reversible strain.
Claims (10)
1. Visual testing device for macroscopic display and quantification of shape memory effect, characterized in that the device comprises a box body, video shooting equipment, refrigerating equipment, heating equipment, temperature control equipment, lighting equipment, a sample table, a mechanical clamping system and a shape memory testing component, wherein:
a visual window is arranged on the front side wall of the box body;
the video shooting equipment is erected outside the box body and in front of the visual window;
the inside of the box body is provided with refrigerating equipment, heating equipment, lighting equipment, temperature control equipment, a sample table, a mechanical clamping system and a shape memory testing component;
the temperature control equipment is connected with the refrigerating equipment and the heating equipment to obtain a temperature control system, so that the switching of a temperature field is realized;
the mechanical clamping system is fixed at the rear side of the sample stage, so that a test sample is conveniently fixed;
the shape memory test assembly is a test assembly in a U-shaped deformation mode or a test assembly in a stretching/compressing mode;
the testing component in the U-shaped deformation mode comprises a deformation angle measuring device and a mechanical sensor device, wherein the deformation angle measuring device comprises a sample electric driving rotary clamp and a protractor, and the protractor is arranged behind a sample table and in front of a mechanical clamping system and is used for measuring the bending angle of a sample; the sample electrically-driven rotary clamp is arranged on one side of the sample table; the mechanical sensor device is hung above the sample and is used for testing the shape restoring force of the U-shaped deformation sample when the shape is restored;
the test assembly in the stretching/compressing mode is a shape stretching and recovering measurement device and comprises a sample electrically driven stretching clamp, a measuring ruler and a single-shaft sliding guide rail, wherein the measuring ruler is arranged behind a sample table and in front of a mechanical clamping system and is used for measuring the stretching or compressing length of the sample; the sample electrically-driven stretching clamp is arranged on a single-shaft sliding guide rail, and the single-shaft sliding guide rail is arranged on one side of the sample table.
2. The localized deformation display and shape memory performance test device of claim 1, wherein the case is made of a rigid insulating material.
3. The localized deformation display and shape memory performance test device according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerating equipment is integrated with the temperature controller by a semiconductor refrigerating equipment, the heating equipment is integrated with the temperature controller by a semiconductor heating equipment, and the refrigerating equipment and the heating equipment are installed on two sides of the inner wall of the rear side of the box body.
4. A method for testing one-way shape memory in bending deformation mode using the device of any one of claims 1-3, the method comprising the steps of:
step one, fixing one end of a test sample on a sample electric driving rotary clamp, and fixing the other end of the test sample on a mechanical clamping system;
step two, adjusting the temperature to the material deformation temperature of the test sample through a temperature control system, electrically driving the rotary clamp to move by the sample, so that the test sample is deformed to be U-shaped, keeping the driving force unchanged, adjusting the temperature to be below the material deformation temperature of the test sample, unloading external force which generates deformation, keeping for a period of time, testing the deformation amount of the test sample before and after cooling, and calculating to obtain the shape fixing rate of the test sample;
thirdly, adjusting the temperature in the box to be higher than the material deformation temperature of the test sample through the temperature control system, and electrically driving the rotary clamp to loosen the test sample by the sample to enable the test sample to recover freely, and after recovery, calculating the deformation and recovery time of the test sample before and after the recovery, and calculating the shape recovery rate, the shape recovery time and the shape recovery speed of the test sample.
5. The method for testing one-way shape memory performance in bending deformation mode according to claim 4, wherein the shape retention rate R f The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
the shape recovery rate R r The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
the shape memory recovery speed V r The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein alpha is the included angle between the fixed line and the horizontal line, beta is the included angle between the restoring line and the horizontal line, T r Is the shape recovery time.
6. A method for testing the performance of two-way shape memory in bending deformation mode using the device of any one of claims 1-3, comprising the steps of:
fixing one end of a test sample which is shaped into a U shape on a mechanical clamping system, wherein the other end of the test sample can freely move, so that the test sample can be converted between a bending state and a unfolding state;
step two, adjusting the temperature to the deformation temperature of the bending state of the test sample through a temperature control system, and testing the bending angle and the shape deformation time of the sample after the test is changed into a U shape;
and thirdly, adjusting the temperature to the deformation temperature of the unfolding state of the test sample through a temperature control system, testing the bending angle and the shape deformation time of the straightened sample, and calculating to obtain the reversible strain and the shape recovery speed of the test sample.
7. A method for testing one-way shape memory performance in a tensile/compressive deformation mode using the device of any one of claims 1-3, the method comprising the steps of:
step one, fixing one end of a test sample on a sample electric driving stretching clamp, and fixing the other end of the test sample on a mechanical clamping system;
step two, adjusting the temperature in the box to be higher than the material deformation temperature of the test sample through a temperature control system, and stretching the test sample to a certain deformation by electrically driving the sample to move on the single-shaft sliding guide rail; maintaining the tensile/compressive force unchanged, reducing the temperature of the box body below the material deformation temperature of the test sample, unloading the external force which generates deformation, maintaining for a period of time, testing the deformation of the test sample before and after cooling, and calculating to obtain the shape fixing rate of the test sample;
thirdly, regulating the temperature in the box to be higher than the material deformation temperature of the test sample through a temperature control system, so that the test sample can recover freely without external force intervention; after the recovery is finished, the deformation and recovery time of the test sample before and after the recovery are tested, and the shape recovery rate, the shape recovery time and the shape recovery speed of the test sample are calculated.
8. The method for testing one-way shape memory performance in a tension/compression deformation mode according to claim 7, wherein the shape retention rate R f The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
the shape recovery rate R r The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
the shape recovery speed V r The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein a is 0 For the length of the initial shape of the spline, a 1 For the length of the cooled and recovered spline, Δa is the stroke length of the motor motion, a 2 For the length of the spline after recovery, T r Is the shape recovery time.
9. A method for testing two-way shape memory performance in a tensile/compressive deformation mode using the apparatus of any one of claims 1-3, the method comprising the steps of:
fixing one end of a test sample subjected to stretching/compression shaping on a mechanical clamping system, wherein the other end of the test sample can freely move, so that the length of the test sample can be changed;
step two, adjusting the temperature to the deformation temperature of the tensile/compressive state of the test sample through a temperature control system, and testing the strain and shape deformation time of the test sample;
and thirdly, regulating the temperature to the deformation temperature of the initial state of the test sample through a temperature control system, and calculating the strain and shape deformation time of the test sample to obtain the reversible strain and shape recovery speed of the test sample.
10. The method for testing the two-way shape memory performance in the tensile/compressive deformation mode according to claim 9, wherein the reversible strain Δεof the test sample is calculated according to the following formula:
the shape recovery speed V r The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein a is 0 Length of test sample in initial shape, a 1 To test the deformed length of the sample, a 2 To test the length of the sample after the shape returns to the initial state, T r Is the shape recovery time.
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