CN116365855B - Starting control method for three-phase voltage type PWM rectifier - Google Patents
Starting control method for three-phase voltage type PWM rectifier Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Abstract
The invention discloses a starting control method of a three-phase voltage type PWM rectifier, which comprises the following steps: s1, in an uncontrolled rectifying stage, a direct current bus capacitor is charged through a two-phase series current limiting resistor; s2, in a soft start control stage, a resistor is cut off, dq axis control signals change in a linear rule, and a carrier equivalent SVM is used for generating power device control signals; s3, voltage and current double closed-loop control stage. In the soft start stage of the three-phase rectifier, the invention directly gives a linear modulation signal, combines a carrier wave PWM method, increases the voltage of the alternating current side of the rectifier, reduces the voltage difference between the power grid voltage and the alternating current side of the rectifier, effectively solves the problem of current impact or overcurrent in the starting process of the rectifier, improves the reliability of the rectifier, and is suitable for the two-level or three-level voltage type PWM rectifier.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power equipment control, in particular to a starting control method of a three-phase voltage type PWM rectifier.
Background
The three-phase voltage type PWM rectifier has the advantages of high efficiency, high power factor and adjustable output voltage, and is widely applied to the fields of electric automobile chargers, welding and cutting machines, energy storage systems and the like. In order to prevent the impact current from losing the rectifier equipment, the three-phase alternating current is connected into the capacitor through the current limiting resistor to charge the capacitor, the current limiting resistor is cut off after the capacitor voltage is charged, the work is switched to normal closed-loop control, and the constant power factor of the input voltage and the current unit and the constant output voltage are realized. The input current is overlarge during switching control because of the large voltage difference between the alternating-current side voltage of the rectifier and the power grid voltage during switching, and system protection is stopped or rectifying equipment is damaged.
The three-phase PWM rectifier generally adopts voltage-current double closed-loop control, when uncontrolled rectification is switched to closed-loop control, the deviation between a direct-current voltage setting and an actual value is larger, the voltage on the alternating-current side is difficult to control due to the fact that the voltage outer loop is saturated, and current impact is generated due to the fact that voltage drop of an input inductor is larger. In the conventional starting current suppression method, the reference value of the current inner loop is unsaturated by adjusting the outer loop of the direct current voltage, such as changing the reference voltage according to a certain rule and combining load current feedforward, the voltage at the alternating current side is adjusted, and the input current value is reduced. The method combines the reference voltage track and the segmented closed loop gain, so that the inner loop outputs a control signal within a certain range, and input current impact is restrained. There are also soft start control methods for implementing a non-current limiting resistor by judging the current polarity, switching of the circuit mode, and duty cycle control.
The voltage change rate is reduced by adjusting the starting control mode of the outer ring reference voltage, the closed-loop control mode is changed, closed-loop control parameters are required to be set during starting, and the dynamic response speed is limited; the duty ratio control method switched by the circuit mode is complex and limited in use scene.
Therefore, how to provide a simple and reliable starting method for a three-phase PWM rectifier is a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a three-phase voltage type PWM rectifier starting control method, which overcomes the complicated setting process required by the traditional closed-loop given parameter-based starting process, solves the current impact problem in the starting process of the three-phase PWM rectifier, and is suitable for the two-level or three-level voltage type PWM rectifier.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a three-phase voltage type PWM rectifier starting control method comprises the following steps:
s1, uncontrolled rectification stage: charging a direct current bus capacitor through a two-phase series current limiting resistor;
s2, a soft start control stage: when the output direct-current voltage reaches the limit value, the current limiting resistor is cut off, soft start control is selected in state, so that the dq axis control signal changes in a linear rule, and a carrier equivalent SVM is used for generating a power device control signal;
s3, voltage and current double closed loop control phase: the direct-current output voltage is maintained in a Burst mode during no-load operation, the load is switched to a voltage-current double-closed-loop control mode after being added, and a carrier equivalent SVM is used for generating a power device control signal.
Further, in S1, a current limiting resistor R is connected in series with two phases st The three-phase power grid voltage charges the output direct-current capacitor through the current-limiting resistor, and the maximum phase current I in the uncontrolled rectifying stage ucdmax The method comprises the following steps:
wherein U is pk Is the grid phase voltage peak.
In step S2, the current limiting resistor is short-circuited by controlling the relay, and when the output dc voltage reaches the limit value, the cutting time is set, and the calculation formula of the limit value is as follows:
U ucdst ＝1.7·U pk
wherein U is ucdst Is a dc voltage limit.
Further, in S2, after the current limiting resistor is cut off, the state is selected to be in soft start control, and the q-axis control signal u cmq Is 0, d-axis control signal u cmd The change rule is as follows:
wherein n is a count value started when the current limiting resistor is cut off in a soft start control stage, and n=0, 1,2 …; u (u) dc The instantaneous value of the DC side voltage in the current sampling period; u (u) dc_n0 For the previous sampling period T s A direct-current side voltage instantaneous value of (2); c (C) nt The scaling factor is reduced for the modulation degree.
Further, the modulation degree decreases by a scaling factor C nt The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein N is max The maximum count for the soft start control procedure; u (U) pk Is the peak value of the phase voltage of the power grid; u (U) dcn Is rated DC side voltage;
the soft start control time is: n (N) max T s 。
Further, in S2, the carrier equivalent SVM obtains a three-phase control signal v by using the d-axis and q-axis control signals aj ：
v aj ＝v rj +v zz j＝a,b,c
Wherein v is rj V is a three-phase modulated wave signal zz Is a zero sequence component;
three-phase modulated wave signal v rj The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein v is ra 、v rb And v rc The phase-locked loop is a three-phase sine modulated wave signal, and theta is an angle obtained by a phase-locked loop; u (u) cmd Is a d-axis control signal; u (u) cmq Is a q-axis control signal.
Further, the zero sequence component v of the three-level PWM rectifier zz The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein v is max 、v min Respectively three-phase signals v rza 、v rzb And v rzc Maximum and minimum values of (a);
three-phase signal v rza 、v rzb And v rzc The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
further, the zero sequence component v of the two-level PWM rectifier zz The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein v is max 、v min Respectively three-phase signals v ra 、v rb And v rc And the maximum and minimum of (a) are defined.
Further, in S3, when no load exists, a Burst mode is adopted to maintain direct current output voltage, when the output voltage is smaller than a rated value, soft start control is selected, and when the output voltage exceeds the rated value, a switching tube is closed; after the load is added, switching to a voltage-current double closed-loop control mode; wherein the nominal value is a direct current voltage reference value.
Compared with the prior art, the invention discloses a three-phase voltage type PWM rectifier starting control method, when uncontrolled rectification is switched to closed loop control, a linear modulation signal is directly given, so that the voltage of an alternating current side is smoothly increased to the voltage of a rated modulation degree when the voltage is in uncontrolled rectification, the voltage of the alternating current side of the rectifier is increased by combining a carrier PWM method, the voltage difference between the power grid voltage and the alternating current side of the rectifier is reduced, the current impact or overcurrent problem in the starting process of the rectifier is effectively solved, the reliability of the rectifier is improved, and the method is suitable for the two-level or three-level voltage type PWM rectifier.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-phase voltage type PWM rectifier start control method provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a variation rule of a soft start control signal and a DC voltage command signal according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent PWM modulation waveform of the phase A carrier when the modulation degree of the two-level PWM rectifier and the three-level PWM rectifier provided by the invention is equal to 0.8;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a three-phase grid voltage phase-locked loop control method employed in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of DC voltage, DC voltage command and network test three-phase current simulation waveforms during the starting process of a three-phase PWM rectifier according to the conventional method;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of dc voltage, dc voltage command and network three-phase current simulation waveforms during the starting process of the three-phase PWM rectifier according to the starting control method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention discloses a method for controlling the starting of a three-phase voltage type PWM rectifier, comprising the following steps:
s1, uncontrolled rectification stage: charging a direct current bus capacitor through a two-phase series current limiting resistor;
s2, a soft start control stage: when the output direct-current voltage reaches the limit value, the current limiting resistor is cut off, soft start control is selected in state, so that the dq axis control signal changes in a linear rule, and a carrier equivalent SVM is used for generating a power device control signal;
s3, voltage and current double closed loop control phase: the direct-current output voltage is maintained in a Burst mode during no-load operation, the load is switched to a voltage-current double-closed-loop control mode after being added, and a carrier equivalent SVM is used for generating a power device control signal.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, a three-phase electric network E a 、E b And E is c Middle A phase and C phase series current limiting resistor R st Current-limiting resistor parallel relay K and three-phase series inductor L a 、L b And L c And the back is connected with a voltage type PWM rectifier and outputs a parallel direct current capacitor. Sampling the three-phase line voltage u ab 、u bc Obtaining a power grid phase theta through a phase-locked PLL, and simultaneously sampling three-phase current i a 、i b And i c Obtaining d-axis and q-axis voltage signals e through Park conversion d 、e q D-axis and q-axis current signals i d 、i q . Sampling DC capacitor voltage U dc And rated voltage U dcref After subtraction, the d-axis reference current, namely the voltage outer loop control, is obtained through the PI controller. Typically, the q-axis reference value of the inner ring is set to 0, and the dq-axis current reference value is respectively equal to the actual value i d 、i q Subtracting, namely superposing dq axis coupling component and grid voltage feedforward component e after PI controller d 、e q Obtaining a signal u d 、u q I.e. d-axis, q-axis control signals u cmd 、u cmq . Control signal u for selecting soft start mode or normal double closed loop output cmd 、u cmq And combining the power grid phase theta, obtaining a control signal under a three-phase static coordinate system through inverse park transformation, and obtaining a driving control signal of the device by using an equivalent carrier SVM.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, S1 is as follows: in the uncontrolled rectifying stage, no device control is implemented, and the three-phase grid voltage passes through the two-phase current-limiting resistorR st Charging output DC capacitor, maximum phase current I in uncontrolled rectifying stage ucdmax The method comprises the following steps:
wherein U is pk Is the grid phase voltage peak.
In one embodiment, in S2, the current limiting resistor is short-circuited by controlling the relay, when the output dc voltage reaches the limit value, the cutting time is the cutting time, and when the output dc voltage reaches the limit value, the current limiting resistor is short-circuited, and the limit value is selected as follows:
U ucdst ＝1.7·U pk
wherein U is ucdst Is a dc voltage limit.
Specifically, during the soft start phase, a direct inner loop is selected to output a given mode, t as shown in FIG. 2 0 The moment is switched to soft start control, at the moment, the d-axis value of the inner ring output is maximum, t 1 And after the moment soft start stage is finished, the method can be switched into a Burst mode to maintain the direct-current voltage stable or load is carried into a double closed-loop control mode. The inner loop output is given by q-axis control signal u cmq Is 0, d-axis control signal u cmd The change rule is as follows:
wherein n is a count value started when the current limiting resistor is cut off in a soft start control stage, and n=0, 1,2 …; u (u) dc The instantaneous value of the DC side voltage in the current sampling period; u (u) dc_n0 For the previous sampling period T s A direct-current side voltage instantaneous value of (2); c (C) nt The scaling factor is reduced for the modulation degree.
The modulation degree reduction scaling factor is:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,N max the maximum count for the soft start control procedure; u (U) pk Is the peak value of the phase voltage of the power grid; u (U) dcn Is rated DC side voltage;
the soft start control time is: n (N) max T s 。
In one embodiment, in fig. 1, in a soft start or voltage-current dual closed loop control mode, an equivalent carrier SVM is adopted to achieve the purpose of increasing the ac side voltage, reducing the input inductance differential pressure, and further reducing the current surge. For a two-level or three-level PWM rectifier, the carrier equivalent SVM modulation wave is shown in FIG. 3, and is specifically implemented by using d-axis and q-axis control signals to obtain three-phase control signals:
v aj ＝v rj +v zz j＝a,b,c
wherein v is rj For three-phase sinusoidal modulated wave signals, j=a, b, c, v zz Is a zero sequence component.
The three-phase modulated wave signal is
Wherein v is ra 、v rb And v rc The theta is the angle obtained in the phase locking link for the three-phase modulated wave signal; u (u) cmd Is a d-axis control signal; u (u) cmq Is a q-axis control signal.
Specifically, the zero sequence component v of a three-level PWM rectifier zz The method comprises the following steps:
wherein v is max 、v min Respectively three-phase signals v rza 、v rzb And v rzc And the maximum and minimum of (a) are defined.
Three-phase signal v rza 、v rzb And v rzc The method comprises the following steps:
zero sequence component v of two-level PWM rectifier zz The method comprises the following steps:
wherein v is max 、v min Respectively three-phase signals v ra 、v rb And v rc And the maximum and minimum of (a) are defined.
In one embodiment, S3 is specific, when no load exists, a Burst mode is adopted to maintain direct current output voltage, soft start control is selected when the output voltage is smaller than a rated value, and a switching tube is closed when the output voltage exceeds the rated value; after the load is added, switching to a voltage-current double closed-loop control mode; see FIG. 1, the DC voltage reference is the nominal value U dcref As in fig. 2.
In particular, in order to implement the park transformation and the inverse transformation in fig. 1, the grid phase is obtained by a phase-locked PLL link, as in fig. 4, which is implemented by sampling the three-phase line voltage u ab 、u bc Calculating to obtain three-phase power grid voltage
The three-phase power grid voltage is converted by Park to obtain d-axis and q-axis voltages u d 、u q Park transformation into
q-axis voltage u q Obtaining angular frequency signal omega through PI control 0 The grid phase angle θ is then obtained by integration.
Fig. 5 is a simulation waveform of a common starting control method of a three-phase voltage type PWM rectifier, a direct current capacitor is charged through a current limiting resistor in an uncontrolled rectification three-phase power grid voltage stage, after the current limiting resistor is cut off, the soft starting control stage is entered, a direct current reference voltage is linearly increased, the direct current voltage is rapidly increased to a reference value, three-phase current is impacted, and 0.2s loading is entered into a conventional PWM closed loop control stage.
And FIG. 6 is a simulation waveform of the starting control method of the three-phase voltage type PWM rectifier, wherein the direct current capacitor is charged through the current limiting resistor in the phase of uncontrolled rectification of the three-phase power grid voltage, the soft starting control phase is carried out after the current limiting resistor is cut off, the direct current reference voltage is not generated, the control signal is directly output by the given inner ring, the direct current voltage is gradually increased to the reference value, the three-phase current is not impacted, and the normal PWM closed-loop control phase is loaded for 0.2 s.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
1. The starting control method of the three-phase voltage type PWM rectifier is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, uncontrolled rectification stage: the three-phase power grid charges the direct-current bus capacitor through the two-phase series current-limiting resistor;
s2, a soft start control stage: when the output direct-current voltage reaches the limit value, the current limiting resistor is cut off, soft start control is selected in state, so that the dq axis control signal changes in a linear rule, and a carrier equivalent SVM is used for generating a power device control signal;
after cutting off the current limiting resistor, the state is selected to be controlled by soft start, and q-axis control signal u cmq Is 0, d-axis control signal u cmd The change rule is as follows:
wherein n is a count value started when the current limiting resistor is cut off in a soft start control stage, and n=0, 1,2 …; u (u) dc The instantaneous value of the DC side voltage in the current sampling period; u (u) dc_n0 For the previous sampling period T s A direct-current side voltage instantaneous value of (2); c (C) nt Decreasing the proportionality coefficient for the modulation degree;
modulation degree decrease scaling factor C nt The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein N is max The maximum count for the soft start control procedure; u (U) pk Is the peak value of the phase voltage of the power grid; u (U) dcn Is rated DC side voltage;
the soft start control time is: n (N) max T s ；
S3, voltage and current double closed loop control phase: when no load exists, a Burst mode is adopted to maintain direct current output voltage; after the load is added, switching to a voltage-current double closed-loop control mode, and generating a power device control signal by using a carrier equivalent SVM.
2. The method for starting and controlling a three-phase voltage type PWM rectifier according to claim 1, wherein in S1, a current limiting resistor R is connected in series with two phases st The three-phase power grid voltage charges the output direct-current capacitor through the current-limiting resistor, and the maximum phase current I in the uncontrolled rectifying stage ucdmax The method comprises the following steps:
wherein U is pk Is the grid phase voltage peak.
3. The method for controlling the starting of a three-phase voltage type PWM rectifier according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the current limiting resistor is short-circuited by the control relay, and the cutting-off time is when the output dc voltage reaches the limit value, and the calculation formula of the limit value is:
U ucdst ＝1.7·U pk
wherein U is ucdst Is a dc voltage limit.
4. The method for starting control of a three-phase voltage type PWM rectifier according to claim 1, wherein in S2, a carrier equivalent SVM obtains a three-phase control signal v by using d-axis and q-axis control signals aj ：
v aj ＝v rj +v zz j＝a,b,c
Wherein v is rj V is a three-phase modulated wave signal zz Is a zero sequence component;
three-phase modulated wave signal v rj The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein v is ra 、v rb And v rc The phase-locked loop is a three-phase sine modulated wave signal, and theta is an angle obtained by a phase-locked loop; u (u) cmd Is a d-axis control signal; u (u) cmq Is a q-axis control signal.
5. The method for starting control of a three-phase voltage type PWM rectifier according to claim 4, wherein the zero sequence component v of the three-level PWM rectifier zz The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein v is max 、v min Respectively three-phase signals v rza 、v rzb And v rzc Maximum and minimum values of (a);
three-phase signal v rza 、v rzb And v rzc The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
6. the method for starting control of a three-phase voltage type PWM rectifier according to claim 4, wherein the zero sequence component v of the two-level PWM rectifier zz The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein v is max 、v min Respectively three-phase signals v ra 、v rb And v rc And the maximum and minimum of (a) are defined.
7. The method for starting control of a three-phase voltage type PWM rectifier according to claim 1, wherein in S3, during no-load, a Burst mode is used to maintain the dc output voltage, and when the output voltage is less than the rated value, soft start control is selected, and when the output voltage exceeds the rated value, the switching tube is turned off; after the load is added, switching to a voltage-current double closed-loop control mode; wherein the nominal value is a direct current voltage reference value.
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