CN116073336A - Safety control method for quick shutoff device of photovoltaic module - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/20—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for electronic equipment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
- H02S50/10—Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
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Abstract
The invention provides a safety control method of a quick shutoff device of a photovoltaic module, which relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation and comprises the following steps: when the input end of the quick shutoff device is provided with a power supply input, judging whether the input voltage is in a preset range; if so, sampling voltage, current and temperature, otherwise, closing the heartbeat signal sending function of the processor; judging whether at least one of the voltage, the current and the temperature of the photovoltaic module exceeds a preset range, if yes, switching off the MOS switch, and switching off the power output of the output end of the photovoltaic module; and if the reverse MOS switch is closed, the power output by the photovoltaic module is output to the rear-stage module. The invention improves the reliability of the product on the temperature requirement, and can judge the system risk under various different conditions, thereby ensuring the safety and stability of the product, effectively preventing the abnormal restarting of the processor, ensuring that the voltage of Vgs does not exceed the bearing range, realizing the reduction or elimination of noise and ensuring the normal operation of the voltage drop detection logic unit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a safety control method of a quick shutoff device of a photovoltaic module.
Background
At present, the development of new energy is highly emphasized at home and abroad, solar energy is one of renewable energy sources with the most development potential, the renewable energy sources have good renewable and clean properties, the existing universality and persistence of the renewable energy sources are the focus of attention, and the photovoltaic grid-connected power generation technology is rapidly developed.
At present, a plurality of photovoltaic modules are connected in series to form a photovoltaic group string, and the photovoltaic group string is converted into alternating current through an inverter and then transmitted to a power grid. The direct current voltage formed by the series photovoltaic module arrays is very high, and has great potential safety hazards, so that the photovoltaic modules are required to be turned off by themselves in order to improve the safety of the photovoltaic system. In the prior art, a quick shutoff device is added behind each photovoltaic module, the voltage on the cable can meet the safety regulation requirement through the shutoff device, but the shutoff control methods adopted by the families are quite different, and the finally-displayed effects are quite different.
The prior art flow is that from the beginning of the power input of the photovoltaic module, a command is sent to voltage detection through a processor of the module, whether the voltage of the power input is larger than or smaller than a set maximum and minimum threshold value is judged, if yes, the module closes a main switch, the output end has no power output, if no, the module opens the main switch, and the output end has power output.
The above-mentioned assembly shutoff device can judge whether the input power meets the requirement through detecting the voltage, and then actively turn on or off the main switch, but the control method has several defects: 1. when the current of the input power end is unstable and the fluctuation is large, the component cannot judge itself, so that the system of the component is unstable; 2. when the power consumption of the rear stage of the output end suddenly increases and the current becomes large, the self judgment cannot be carried out when the component cannot bear, so that the front stage input end system is unstable; 3. when the temperature inside the component is too high, the component cannot judge by itself, so that the failure risk of the internal device is increased.
Therefore, in order to solve the problem, it is necessary to design a safe control method for a fast shutdown device of a photovoltaic module with reasonable and high efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a safety control method of a rapid shutdown device of a photovoltaic module, which can monitor the internal environment temperature of the shutdown device in real time, once the internal environment temperature exceeds the standard or information is reported in time, the reliability of the product on the temperature requirement is improved, the system risk can be judged under various different conditions, thereby ensuring the safety and the stability of the product, a voltage drop detection logic unit is further added, the abnormal restarting of a processor is prevented, an MOS switch is arranged on a negative line of a power supply, the voltage of Vgs is not beyond the bearing range, a noise reduction unit is arranged at the MOS switch, the noise is reduced or eliminated, and the normal operation of the processor is ensured by arranging a voltage buffer unit between the photovoltaic module and the processor.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the safety control method of the photovoltaic module rapid shutoff device is suitable for the photovoltaic module rapid shutoff device and comprises a processor, a detection unit, a main control switch and a rapid switching unit for controlling the main control switch to work, wherein the detection unit comprises a voltage sampling unit arranged between a positive electrode and a negative electrode of an input end of the photovoltaic module and/or a current sampling unit arranged between a negative electrode of the input end of the photovoltaic module and a negative electrode of an output end of the photovoltaic module; the voltage sampling unit, the current sampling unit and the quick switch unit are all electrically connected with the processor, the main control switch comprises a MOS switch, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1: when the input end of the quick shutoff device is provided with a power supply input, judging whether the voltage of the input end of the photovoltaic module is within a preset threshold range or not through a voltage drop detection logic unit arranged between the input end of the photovoltaic module and the processor; if yes, the processor sends a sampling instruction to the detection unit to sample voltage and/or current and/or temperature, and step S2 is executed; otherwise, closing the heartbeat signal sending function of the processor;
S2: judging whether at least one of the voltage, the current and the temperature of the photovoltaic module exceeds a preset range, and if yes, executing the step S4; otherwise, executing the step S3;
detecting whether the input voltage of the photovoltaic module is within a preset voltage range or not through a voltage sampling unit arranged between the anode and the cathode of the input end of the photovoltaic module;
detecting whether the input current of the photovoltaic module is in a preset current range or not through a current sampling unit arranged between the negative electrode of the input end of the photovoltaic module and the negative electrode of the output end of the photovoltaic module;
detecting whether the internal temperature of the photovoltaic module is within a preset temperature range or not through a temperature sampling unit which is arranged in the photovoltaic module and used for monitoring the internal temperature of the photovoltaic module;
s3: the processor controls a MOS switch arranged between the current sampling unit and the negative electrode of the output end of the photovoltaic module to be closed through the fast switch unit, so that the power output by the photovoltaic module is output to the rear-stage module;
s4: the processor controls the MOS switch arranged between the current sampling unit and the negative electrode of the output end of the photovoltaic module to be disconnected through the fast switch unit, and the power output of the output end of the photovoltaic module is turned off.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the main control switch is arranged between the current sampling unit and the negative electrode of the output end of the photovoltaic module;
A noise reduction auxiliary unit is arranged between the G pole and the S pole of the MOS switch; the noise reduction unit consists of a noise reduction resistor and a noise reduction capacitor; the noise reduction resistor and the noise reduction capacitor are arranged in parallel; the resistance of the noise reduction resistor is not lower than 1MΩ, and the capacitance of the noise reduction capacitor is not higher than 100nF.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, a first decoupling capacitor is arranged between the anode and the cathode of the input end of the photovoltaic module, and a second decoupling capacitor is arranged between the anode and the cathode of the output end of the photovoltaic module;
an inductor is arranged between the MOS switch and the negative electrode of the output end of the photovoltaic module;
before executing step S1, testing the first decoupling capacitor and the second decoupling capacitor to work normally;
before executing step S1, the test inductor operates normally.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, a bypass unit is arranged between the anode and the cathode of the output end of the photovoltaic module, and the bypass unit comprises at least one bypass diode and/or at least one field effect transistor; the bypass diode comprises at least one first bypass diode; the bypass diode further comprises at least one second bypass diode which is connected with the first bypass diode in parallel and arranged in the same direction;
Before executing step S1, the test bypass unit works normally, so that when the power supply at the input end of the photovoltaic module has input, the test bypass unit is used for being conducted when the quick shutoff device of the photovoltaic module fails, and bypasses the quick shutoff device of the photovoltaic module to supply power for the follow-up output freewheeling.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the detection unit is provided with a metering chip; the output end of the metering chip is connected to the processor;
the voltage sampling unit comprises a first resistor, a second resistor and a first capacitor, wherein the first resistor and the second resistor are arranged in series, and voltage detection ports of the first capacitor and the metering chip are connected between the first resistor and the second resistor;
when executing step S2, after the metering chip receives the instruction of the processor, the metering chip reads the voltage obtained by dividing the power input voltage through the first resistor and the second resistor, converts the voltage and sends the converted voltage to the processor.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the current sampling unit comprises a third resistor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor and a fourth resistor which are sequentially connected in series between the negative electrode of the input end of the photovoltaic module and the grounding end, wherein the third resistor and the second capacitor are connected to the grounding end, the first input end of the current detection end of the metering chip is connected between the third resistor and the second capacitor, and the second input end of the current detection end of the metering chip is connected between the third capacitor and the fourth resistor;
When executing step S2, after the metering chip receives the instruction of the processor, the metering chip reads the current of the power input current passing through the third resistor and the fourth resistor, converts the current and then sends the converted current to the processor.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the temperature sampling unit comprises a fifth resistor and a sixth resistor which are arranged in series, a temperature detection port of the metering chip is connected between the fifth resistor and the sixth resistor, the fifth resistor is an NTC resistor, and the sixth resistor is a pull-down resistor;
and when the step S2 is executed, after the metering chip receives the instruction of the processor, the metering chip reads the voltage value of the NTC resistor after the voltage division of the sixth resistor, converts the voltage value of the NTC resistor to obtain the NTC resistance value, finally obtains the temperature value inside the photovoltaic module and sends the temperature value to the processor.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the voltage drop detection logic unit comprises a first voltage dividing resistor, a second voltage dividing resistor, an inverter and an or gate;
the voltage at the input end of the photovoltaic module is input to the inverter after being divided by the first voltage dividing resistor and the second voltage dividing resistor, and the inverter outputs to the OR gate after reversing;
The inverter outputs a high level when the input voltage is higher than a preset value, and outputs a low level when the input voltage is not higher than a preset value;
the output signal of the inverter is taken as an input signal A, and the input port of the OR gate also receives an input signal B with a low level; the OR gate receives the input signal A and the input signal B, wherein when at least one input signal is at a high level, the OR gate outputs the high level; when both input signals are at a low level, the OR gate outputs a low level;
when the step S1 is executed, when the OR gate output of the voltage drop detection logic unit is at a high level, the processor sends a sampling instruction to the detection unit to sample the voltage and/or the current and/or the temperature.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the fast switch unit comprises a MOS tube, a seventh resistor connected to the G pole of the MOS tube, an eighth resistor connected between the G pole and the S pole of the MOS tube, and a ninth resistor connected to the D pole of the MOS tube, wherein the seventh resistor is electrically connected with the GPIO port of the processor, and the MOS switch is electrically connected with the D pole of the MOS tube;
when the step S3 is executed, when the GPIO of the processor is at a low level, the MOS tube is cut off, and a high level signal is given to the MOS switch at the moment, and the MOS switch is closed;
When the step S4 is executed, when the GPIO of the processor is at a high level, the MOS transistor is turned on, and at this time, a low level signal is given to the MOS switch, and the MOS switch is turned off.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, when executing the steps S1 to S4, the processor stores and reports the input and output signals to the background terminal.
In a second aspect, the embodiment of the application also provides a photovoltaic module quick-turn-off device capable of realizing the safety control method of the photovoltaic module quick-turn-off device.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer storage medium, where a computer program is stored, where the computer program includes program instructions, where the program instructions, when executed by a processor, may implement a safety control method for a fast shutdown device of a photovoltaic module provided by any implementation manner of the first aspect or the second aspect of the embodiments of the present application.
The safety control method of the rapid shutoff device of the photovoltaic module has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the technical scheme, the voltage input into the processor is judged according to unstable power input, and the processor can normally work only when the voltage input into the processor is in a specific range, namely, the voltage drop detection logic unit outputs a high level, and the processor can respectively send sampling instructions to the voltage sampling unit, the current sampling unit and the temperature sampling unit to ensure the normal working voltage of the processor and prevent the processor from being restarted repeatedly, so that the operation stability of the system is affected;
2. The mode of creatively adjusting the position of the MOS switch is arranged on the power supply negative line, which is beneficial to ensuring that the voltage of Vgs does not exceed the bearing range, and a large number of experiments show that compared with the mode of arranging the switch on the positive electrode, the mode of arranging the MOS switch remarkably reduces the failure probability of the MOS switch N, and ensures the running stability of the system to a great extent;
3. in order to improve the response stability of the MOS tube, the invention avoids abnormal operation when the current and voltage noise is large, adopts a noise reduction mode, sets a noise reduction unit consisting of a resistor with a specific resistance value and a capacitor with a specific capacitance value at the G pole and the S pole of the MOS switch, and ensures that the MOS switch is in an effective balance state by adjusting the resistance value of the resistor and the capacitance value of the capacitor, thereby realizing noise reduction or elimination;
4. according to the invention, a voltage buffer unit is arranged between the photovoltaic module and the processor based on a voltage buffer mode so as to ensure the normal operation of the processor;
5. according to the technical scheme, current sampling detection is added, so that the current fluctuation of an input power supply is monitored in real time, and the instability of power supply of a component caused by load current aggravation of a later stage is prevented, and the whole system is prevented from being abnormal; the temperature sampling detection is added for monitoring the internal temperature of the component in real time, and the processor is reported in time once the internal temperature is too high, so that the failure of internal devices caused by high temperature is prevented, and the safety of products is enhanced; the three detection modes of voltage, current and temperature are supported, and the system starts to normally operate only when the three detection values are in the specified range, so that the system safety and stability of the photovoltaic module are greatly improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a control flow of an embodiment of a method for controlling a fast shutdown of a photovoltaic module according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the entire circuit of the quick-acting switch in an embodiment of a method for controlling the safety of the quick-acting switch of a photovoltaic module according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a voltage sampling unit M1 in an embodiment of a safety control method of a fast shutdown device of a photovoltaic module according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a current sampling unit M2 in an embodiment of a safety control method of a fast shutdown device of a photovoltaic module according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a temperature sampling unit M3 in an embodiment of a safety control method of a fast shutdown device of a photovoltaic module according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of a fast switching unit S in an embodiment of a method for controlling a fast shutter of a photovoltaic module according to the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a schematic circuit diagram of a MOS switch N in an embodiment of a safety control method of a fast shutdown device of a photovoltaic module according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic circuit diagram of a voltage drop detection logic M4 in one embodiment of a method for controlling a fast shutdown of a photovoltaic module according to the present invention;
in the figure: u1, a processor, U2, an inverter, U3, an OR gate, M1, a voltage sampling unit, M2, a current sampling unit, M3, a temperature sampling unit, M4, a voltage drop detection logic unit, S, a fast switching unit, a N, MOS switch, Q1, a MOS tube, ADC1, a voltage metering port of a metering chip, ADC2, a current metering port of the metering chip, ADC3, a temperature metering port of the metering chip, R1, a first resistor, R2, a second resistor, R3, a third resistor, R4, a fourth resistor, R5, a fifth resistor, R6, a sixth resistor, R7, a seventh resistor, R8, an eighth resistor, R9, a ninth resistor, R10, a noise reduction resistor, R11, a first voltage division resistor, R12, a second voltage division resistor, C1, a first capacitor, C2, a second capacitor, C3, a third capacitor, C4, a noise reduction capacitor, L, an inductor, C01, a first decoupling capacitor, C02, a second decoupling capacitor, D1, a second bypass diode, D2 and a bypass diode.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.
In the following description, the terms "first," "second," and "first," are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The following description provides various embodiments of the present application, and various embodiments may be substituted or combined, so that the present application is also intended to encompass all possible combinations of the same and/or different embodiments described. Thus, if one embodiment includes feature A, B, C and another embodiment includes feature B, D, then the present application should also be considered to include embodiments that include one or more of all other possible combinations including A, B, C, D, although such an embodiment may not be explicitly recited in the following.
The following description provides examples and does not limit the scope, applicability, or examples set forth in the claims. Changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements described without departing from the scope of the application. Various examples may omit, replace, or add various procedures or components as appropriate. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Furthermore, features described with respect to some examples may be combined into other examples.
Examples: referring to fig. 1 and 2, a safety control method of a fast shutdown device of a photovoltaic module is applicable to a fast shutdown device of a photovoltaic module, and includes a processor U1, a detection unit, a main control switch, and a fast switch unit S for controlling the main control switch to work, where the detection unit includes a voltage sampling unit M1 disposed between a positive electrode and a negative electrode of an input end of the photovoltaic module and/or a current sampling unit M2 disposed between a negative electrode of an input end of the photovoltaic module and a negative electrode of an output end of the photovoltaic module; the voltage sampling unit M1, the current sampling unit M2 and the fast switching unit S are all electrically connected with the processor U1, the main control switch includes a MOS switch, please refer to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an overall circuit of the fast switch in an embodiment of a safety control method of the fast switch of the photovoltaic module according to the present invention;
referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic control flow diagram of an embodiment of a safety control method of a fast shutdown device of a photovoltaic module according to the present invention; the method comprises the following steps:
s1: when the input end of the quick shutoff device is provided with a power supply input, judging whether the voltage of the input end of the photovoltaic module is within a preset threshold range or not through a voltage drop detection logic unit arranged between the input end of the photovoltaic module and the processor; if yes, the processor sends a sampling instruction to the detection unit to sample voltage and/or current and/or temperature, and step S2 is executed; otherwise, closing the heartbeat signal sending function of the processor;
S2: judging whether at least one of the voltage, the current and the temperature of the photovoltaic module exceeds a preset range, and if yes, executing the step S4; otherwise, executing the step S3;
s3: the processor controls a MOS switch arranged between the current sampling unit and the negative electrode of the output end of the photovoltaic module to be closed through the fast switch unit, so that the power output by the photovoltaic module is output to the rear-stage module;
s4: the processor controls the MOS switch arranged between the current sampling unit and the negative electrode of the output end of the photovoltaic module to be disconnected through the fast switch unit, and the power output of the output end of the photovoltaic module is turned off.
It can be understood that, in the present invention, when the input end of the quick switch-off device has a power input, the voltage drop detection logic unit M4 determines whether the voltage of the input end of the photovoltaic module is within a preset threshold range, the processor U1 sends a sampling instruction to the detection unit to sample the voltage and/or the current and/or the temperature, and when at least one of the voltage and/or the current and/or the temperature of the photovoltaic module exceeds the preset range, the processor U1 controls the MOS switch N arranged between the current sampling unit M2 and the negative electrode of the output end of the photovoltaic module to be turned off through the quick switch unit S, so as to switch off the power output of the output end of the photovoltaic module.
It can be understood that in the present invention, there are mainly two steps of judging:
the first step is related to the operation of the controller U1, when the input end of the quick switch-off device has a power input, only the voltage drop detection logic unit M4 determines that the voltage at the input end of the photovoltaic module is within a preset threshold range, and the processor U1 sends a sampling instruction to the detection unit to sample the voltage and/or the current and/or the temperature.
Otherwise, when the input end of the quick shutoff device is provided with the power supply input, if the voltage drop detection logic unit M4 judges that the voltage of the input end of the photovoltaic module is not in the preset threshold range, the heartbeat signal sending function of the processor U1 is closed, and a sampling instruction is not sent to the detection unit for sampling the voltage and/or the current and/or the temperature.
The sampling instruction of the detection item can be sent to the detection unit at the same time or sequentially; the three detection units can all be used for sampling, or any one or two of the three detection units can be selected for sampling.
The second step is about the operation of the MOS switch N; when at least one of the voltage, the current and the temperature of the photovoltaic module exceeds a preset range, the processor U1 controls the MOS switch arranged between the current sampling unit M2 and the negative electrode of the output end of the photovoltaic module to be disconnected through the fast switch unit S, so that the output end of the photovoltaic module has no power supply output.
On the contrary, when three items of voltage, current and temperature of the photovoltaic module do not exceed the preset range, the processor U1 controls the MOS switch arranged between the current sampling unit M2 and the negative electrode of the output end of the photovoltaic module to be closed through the fast switch unit S, so that the power output by the photovoltaic module is output to the rear-stage module.
In addition, when the step S2 is executed, detecting whether the input voltage of the photovoltaic module is within a preset voltage range or not through a voltage sampling unit arranged between the anode and the cathode of the input end of the photovoltaic module;
detecting whether the input current of the photovoltaic module is in a preset current range or not through a current sampling unit arranged between the negative electrode of the input end of the photovoltaic module and the negative electrode of the output end of the photovoltaic module;
detecting whether the internal temperature of the photovoltaic module is within a preset temperature range or not through a temperature sampling unit which is arranged in the photovoltaic module and used for monitoring the internal temperature of the photovoltaic module;
i.e. the detection unit may comprise a voltage sampling unit M1, a current sampling unit M2 and a temperature sampling unit M3.
It should be noted that, the MOS switch N is disposed between the current sampling unit M2 and the negative electrode of the output end of the photovoltaic module, and the current sampling unit M2 is disposed between the negative electrode of the input end of the photovoltaic module and the negative electrode of the output end of the photovoltaic module, that is, the MOS switch N is placed on the negative electrode line of the power supply, which is favorable for ensuring that the voltage of Vgs does not exceed the bearing range.
Meanwhile, referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic circuit diagram of a MOS switch in an embodiment of the fast shutdown device with a monitoring function of the present invention, a noise reduction auxiliary unit is disposed between a G pole and an S pole of the MOS switch N, the noise reduction auxiliary unit includes a noise reduction resistor R10 and a noise reduction capacitor C4, the noise reduction resistor R10 and the noise reduction capacitor C4 are disposed in parallel, a resistance value of the noise reduction resistor R10 is not lower than 1mΩ, and a capacitance value of the noise reduction capacitor C4 is not higher than 100nF. .
Further, the resistance value of the noise reduction resistor R10 is 100KΩ -1 MΩ, and the capacitance value of the noise reduction capacitor C4 is 10 nF-100 nF;
further preferably, the resistance value of the noise reduction resistor R10 is 1mΩ, and the capacitance value of the noise reduction capacitor C4 is 10nF.
According to the technical scheme, the noise reduction unit formed by the resistor with the specific resistance and the capacitor with the specific capacitance is arranged between the G pole and the S pole of the MOS switch N, and the resistance of the resistor and the capacitance of the capacitor are adjusted to be in an effective balance state, so that noise is reduced or eliminated.
In one embodiment, the noise reduction unit is disposed between the G pole and the S pole of the MOS switch N and is composed of a tenth resistor R10 with a resistance value of 1mΩ and a fourth capacitor C4 with a capacitance value of 10nF. The G pole and the S pole of the MOS switch are connected by a resistor of 1MΩ with larger impedance, and the working states of the two poles are not affected; the capacitance of 10nF absorbs the noise which is instantaneously introduced by the switch when the G pole of the MOS switch is changed from high jump to low (system working ground), and avoids the potential difference caused by the noise, thereby being beneficial to controlling the potential difference without larger fluctuation and protecting the MOS switch from instantaneous damage. The resistance value of the noise reduction resistor and the capacitance value of the noise reduction capacitor are required to be adjusted according to actual verification so as to achieve the purpose of minimizing the switching instant noise.
According to the invention, a resistor with the voltage of 1MΩ (100K-1 MΩ) and a capacitor with the voltage of 10nF (10 nF-100 nF) are designed for the input voltage of about 8-10V in the application, and noise spike is effectively absorbed through the design to be reduced to within 2-3V. The values of the resistor and the capacitor directly influence the turn-off speed of the MOS tube and the absorption efficiency of noise, and the inventor finds that the potential difference fluctuation at the moment of switching is minimum after the resistor of 1MΩ and the capacitor of 10nF are combined for use in the method and the device, so that the MOS tube is effectively protected.
As an alternative to the embodiment of the present application, in the safety control method of a quick shutdown device of a photovoltaic module of the present invention, the voltage drop detection logic unit M4 is disposed between the input end of the photovoltaic module and the processor U1, please refer to fig. 8, fig. 8 is a schematic circuit diagram of the voltage drop detection logic unit M4 in one embodiment of the safety control method of a quick shutdown device of a photovoltaic module of the present invention; the voltage drop detection logic unit M4 includes a first voltage dividing resistor R11, a second voltage dividing resistor R12, an inverter U2, and an or gate U3; the voltage at the input end of the photovoltaic module is input to the inverter U2 after being divided by the first dividing resistor R11 and the second dividing resistor R12, and the inverter U2 is output to the or gate U3 after being inverted.
The voltage drop detection logic unit M4 is used for judging whether the voltage of the output end of the photovoltaic module is within a preset threshold range.
The first voltage dividing resistor R11 and the second voltage dividing resistor R12 have a voltage dividing function, and are used for dividing an input voltage (10 v-60 v range) and outputting a value inverter U2 chip.
The resistance of the first voltage dividing resistor R11 is ten times that of the second voltage dividing resistor R12, for example, the resistance of the first voltage dividing resistor R11 is 100kΩ, the resistance of the second voltage dividing resistor R12 is 10kΩ, the voltage divided at the inverter U2 chip is 1/11 of the input voltage, the input of the inverter U2 chip is not lower than 2V, and is determined to be high level, whereas the input of the inverter U2 chip is determined to be low level, and otherwise, the voltage corresponding to the input of the inverter U2 chip is determined to be low level, and the voltage divided by the first voltage dividing resistor R11 and the second voltage dividing resistor R12 is input to the inverter U2 chip to be 2V, so that when the input voltage is greater than or equal to 22V, the input of the inverter U2 chip is high level, and when the input voltage is less than 22V, the input of the inverter U2 chip is low level.
The inverter outputs a high level when the input voltage is higher than a predetermined value, and outputs a low level when the input voltage is not higher than the predetermined value.
The output signal of the inverter U2 is used as an input signal A, and the input port of the OR gate U3 also receives an input signal B with a low level; the or gate U3 receives and compares the input signal a and the input signal B, wherein when at least one input signal (the input signal a or the input signal B) is at a high level, the or gate U3 outputs a high level; when both input signals (input signal a and input signal B) are low, the or gate U3 outputs low.
In the voltage drop detection logic unit M4, the output terminal of the or gate U3 is connected to the processor U1.
It should be noted that, in the running process of the system, the processor U1 periodically (for example, once for 5 minutes) sends heartbeat signals to the detection units to ensure that the units run normally, and each detection circuit in the detection units may be all arranged on the same chip or on different chips and connected with the photovoltaic module through different interfaces. When the voltage obtained by the processor U1 from the photovoltaic module is low, the processor U1 is restarted for resetting if the cycle time for sending the heartbeat signal is up, the processor U1 is restarted for resetting if the voltage is continuously in a low state, and the photovoltaic module is turned off (i.e. stopped) when the detection unit cannot receive the heartbeat signal of the processor U1 in a preset cycle, so that the processor U1 can normally operate only when the voltage input to the processor is in a specific range (for example, higher than the preset range), that is, when the voltage drop detection logic unit M4 outputs a high level.
Further, in the process of executing step S1, when the input end of the quick switch-off device has a power input, the voltage drop detection logic unit M4 judges whether the voltage of the input end of the photovoltaic module is within a preset threshold range, and only when the voltage of the input end is within the preset threshold range, the processor U1 sends a sampling instruction to the voltage sampling unit M1 and the current sampling unit M2 to sample the voltage and/or the current respectively, and when at least one of the voltage and the current of the photovoltaic module exceeds the preset range, the processor U1 controls the MOS switch N switch arranged between the current sampling unit M2 and the negative electrode of the output end of the photovoltaic module to be turned off through the quick switch unit S, so that the output end of the photovoltaic module has no power output.
On the contrary, when the step S1 is executed, when the input end of the quick turn-off device has a power input, the voltage drop detection logic unit M4 determines whether the voltage of the input end of the photovoltaic module is within the preset threshold range, and if the voltage of the input end is not within the preset threshold range (i.e. is lower than the preset threshold), the heartbeat signal sending function of the processor U1 is turned off.
Preferably, a voltage buffer unit is arranged between the photovoltaic module and the processor U1; the voltage buffer unit includes a resistor and/or an inductor to ensure proper operation of the processor U1. When the intensity of light absorbed by the photovoltaic module changes faster, the generated electric energy is easy to generate larger floating, so that the voltage input to the processor U1 is larger in floating, the built-in device is damaged, and the impact and damage of high voltage to the processor U1 can be effectively reduced through the arranged resistor and/or inductor.
As an alternative to the embodiment of the present application, in the safety control method of the fast shutdown device of a photovoltaic module of the present invention, when step S2 is executed, a metering chip ADC is used, that is, the detection unit is provided with a metering chip ADC; the output end of the metering chip ADC is connected to the processor U1;
the processor U1 is a core component of the photovoltaic module, and transmits real-time sampling data to the processor U1 by sending related instructions to the metering chip ADC, and the processor U1 reports the real-time sampling data to the background in a wired or wireless transmission mode after storing and/or processing the real-time sampling data.
When voltage detection is performed: referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a voltage sampling unit M1 in an embodiment of a fast shutdown device with monitoring function for a photovoltaic module according to the present invention; the voltage sampling unit M1 comprises a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2 and a first capacitor C1, wherein the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are arranged in series, and the first resistor C1 and a voltage detection end ADC1 of the metering chip ADC are both connected between the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2; the output end of the metering chip is electrically connected with the processor U1; the first resistor R1 is a pull-up resistor, and the second resistor R2 is a pull-down resistor.
When executing step S2, after the metering chip receives the instruction of the processor, the metering chip reads the voltage obtained by dividing the power input voltage by the first resistor and the second resistor, converts the voltage and sends the converted voltage to the processor.
When the current is detected: referring to fig. 4 again, fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a current sampling unit M2 in an embodiment of a fast shutdown device for a photovoltaic module with a monitoring function according to the present invention; the current sampling unit M2 comprises a third resistor R3, a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3 and a fourth resistor R4 which are sequentially connected in series between the negative electrode of the input end of the photovoltaic module and the grounding end, the third resistor R3 and the second capacitor C2 are connected to the grounding end, a first input end of a current detection end ADC2 of the metering chip ADC is connected between the third resistor R3 and the second capacitor C2, and a second input end of the current detection end ADC2 of the metering chip ADC is connected between the third capacitor C3 and the fourth resistor R4;
when executing step S2, after the metering chip receives the instruction of the processor, the metering chip reads the current of the power input current passing through the third resistor and the fourth resistor, converts the current and sends the converted current to the processor.
According to the invention, by adding the current sampling unit M2, the current fluctuation of the input power supply and the instability of the power supply of the component caused by the load current aggravation of the later stage can be monitored in real time, so that the abnormality of the whole system is prevented.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a circuit schematic diagram of a temperature sampling unit M3 in an embodiment of a fast shutdown device with a monitoring function for a photovoltaic module according to the present invention, wherein the temperature sampling unit M3 includes a fifth resistor R5 and a sixth resistor R6 which are serially arranged, a temperature detection port ADC3 of the metering chip ADC is connected between the fifth resistor R5 and the sixth resistor R6, the fifth resistor R5 is an NTC resistor, and the sixth resistor R6 is a pull-down resistor; the fifth resistor R5 is an NTC resistor, the resistance of the fifth resistor R5 can be changed differently according to different sensed environmental temperatures, the lower the temperature is, the larger the resistance is, the higher the temperature is, the smaller the resistance is, and then the voltage is divided and outputted to the metering chip through the sixth resistor R6 serving as a pull-down resistor.
The temperature sampling unit M3 is used for monitoring the temperature inside the component in real time, judging whether the internal environment temperature exceeds the bearing range of the device, if the temperature exceeds the standard, the component can be rapidly turned off, and the data is reported to the background.
When the step S2 is executed, after the metering chip receives the instruction of the processor, the metering chip reads the voltage value of the NTC resistor after the voltage division of the sixth resistor, converts the voltage value of the NTC resistor to obtain the NTC resistance value, finally obtains the temperature value inside the photovoltaic module, and sends the temperature value to the processor.
According to the invention, the temperature sampling unit M3 is added, so that the internal temperature of the component can be monitored in real time, and once the internal temperature is too high, the processor is reported in time, so that the failure of internal devices caused by high temperature is prevented, and the safety of products is enhanced.
After executing steps S1 to S4, the processor U1 stores and reports the input and output signals to the background.
As an alternative to the embodiment of the present application, in the fast switch unit S of the present invention, referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of a fast switch unit S in an embodiment of a method for controlling the fast switch unit S of the present invention; the fast switch unit S comprises a MOS tube Q1, a seventh resistor R7 connected to the G pole of the MOS tube Q1, an eighth resistor R8 connected between the G pole and the S pole of the MOS tube Q1 and a ninth resistor R9 connected to the D pole of the MOS tube Q1, the seventh resistor R7 is electrically connected with the GPIO port of the processor U1, and the MOS switch N is electrically connected with the D pole of the MOS tube Q1.
The fast switch unit S is used for controlling the on-off of the MOS switch N, when the photovoltaic module normally operates, the fast switch unit S turns on the MOS switch N, at the moment, a power supply forms a conducting path from VIN+ to VIN-, and forms a power supply output path from VOUT+ to VOUT-, when the power supply output needs to be cut off, the fast switch unit S turns off the MOS switch N, at the moment, the VIN+ to VIN-path is turned off, so that the VOUT+ to VOUT-output path is also turned off, and the power supply cannot be output to a later stage.
When executing the step S3, if the GPIO of the processor is low level, the MOS tube is cut off, and the signal output to the MOS switch is high level at the moment, and the MOS switch is closed;
when executing step S4, if the GPIO of the processor is at a high level, the MOS transistor is turned on, and at this time, the signal output to the MOS switch is at a low level, and the MOS switch is turned off;
since the switching speed of the MOS is very fast, a fast switching function can be realized by the circuit.
As an alternative to the embodiment of the present application, please refer to fig. 2, in the fast shutdown device with monitoring function of the present invention, a first decoupling capacitor C01 is disposed between the positive and negative poles of the input end of the photovoltaic module, and a second decoupling capacitor C02 is disposed between the positive and negative poles of the output end of the photovoltaic module.
Before executing step S1, testing the first decoupling capacitor and the second decoupling capacitor to work normally;
the first decoupling capacitor C01 and the second decoupling capacitor C02 have the functions of preventing the current fluctuation formed in the power supply circuit from influencing the normal operation of the circuit when the current of the input/output circuit is changed, and simultaneously solving the interference caused by power supply noise; through the first decoupling capacitor C01 and the second decoupling capacitor C02, the influence of current fluctuation on a circuit is reduced, meanwhile, the interference caused by power supply noise is solved, and the stability of a power supply is improved.
The processor, the detection unit and the like in the invention can be powered by the photovoltaic module for operation, and can also adopt an external power supply.
As an alternative of the embodiment of the present application, in the photovoltaic module quick-turn-off device with a monitoring function, the photovoltaic module quick-turn-off device further includes a power module, where the power module is disposed between the photovoltaic module and the processor U1, and the applicant finds that, in the process of completing the present application, due to a change in illumination intensity or a blocked conversion capability of the photovoltaic module in the system, a voltage output by the photovoltaic module (i.e. an input of the power module) has a larger fluctuation, so that when a rated input voltage range of the power module (e.g. a DCDC power supply) is not wide enough, a device is burned out, which affects a service life of the device, and further affects stability of the system; further, in the photovoltaic module quick shutoff device, a buffer unit is arranged between the power module and the photovoltaic module, and the buffer unit comprises, but is not limited to, a resistor and/or an inductor with a specific resistance value. The power module in this application may be integrated in the processor.
In this application, when the processor works, it will send a heartbeat signal to other units (e.g. detection units) in the system according to a preset period, so as to control and monitor the working state of the processor, when the working voltage is too low, the sending of the heartbeat signal is interrupted or disturbed, or the heartbeat signal cannot be sent, and when the sending of the heartbeat signal is unsuccessful, the processor will restart the reset to start the retransmission. The applicant finds that when the illumination intensity is weaker (for example, in the morning or in the evening), the photovoltaic module outputs and the power supplied to the processor by the power module is insufficient to drive the processor, so that the processor is powered down, restarted and reset, and the stability of the system is seriously affected; further, the photovoltaic module quick shutoff device further comprises an input voltage drop detection logic unit M4; the voltage drop detection logic unit M4 is disposed between an output end of the photovoltaic module and an input end of the power module, and the input voltage drop detection logic unit M4 is configured to monitor a voltage output by the photovoltaic module, and when a voltage value of the voltage exceeds a set threshold range (for example, is lower than 22 v), turn off a heartbeat signal sending function of the processor, and only when an input voltage of the module is within the set threshold range, the heartbeat signal sending function of the processor is maintained.
As an alternative to the embodiment of the present application, referring still to fig. 2, in the fast shutdown device with monitoring function for a photovoltaic module of the present invention, an inductance L is provided between the MOS switch N and the negative electrode of the output end of the photovoltaic module;
before executing step S1, the test inductor operates normally.
When the current demand of the later-stage component is increased instantaneously, the power supply is unstable due to current mutation, the characteristics of the inductor L determine that the current flowing through the inductor cannot be suddenly changed, the instability caused by current mutation on the power supply of the system can be effectively restrained, and the stability of the power supply of the whole system is effectively protected.
As an alternative of the embodiment of the present application, in the fast shutdown device with monitoring function for a photovoltaic module of the present invention, a bypass unit is disposed between the anode and the cathode of the output end of the photovoltaic module, and the bypass unit includes at least one bypass diode and/or at least one field effect transistor; the bypass diode comprises at least one first bypass diode D1; the bypass diode further comprises at least one second bypass diode D2 which is connected with the first bypass diode D1 in parallel and is arranged in the same direction.
Before executing step S1, the test bypass unit works normally, so that when the power supply of the input end of the photovoltaic module is input, the test bypass unit is used for being conducted when the quick shutoff device of the photovoltaic module fails, bypassing the quick shutoff device of the photovoltaic module, and supplying power to the follow-up output freewheeling.
When a certain group of strings in a photovoltaic module of the photovoltaic system are shielded, the illumination energy received by the module is changed, so that the output power of the whole system is influenced, the bypass diode (the first bypass diode D1 and the second bypass diode D2) is designed and used for being conducted when a module shutoff device fails, the module shutoff device is bypassed, the follow-current power of a later output stage is supplied through the first bypass diode D1 and the second bypass diode D2, and the whole system is not influenced by the failure of a single shutoff device to supply power integrally; the purpose of adopting two bypass diodes is that when the bypass diodes are needed to supply power to follow-up freewheels, current can be supplied from the first bypass diode D1 and the second bypass diode D2 simultaneously, overload of a single bypass diode is avoided, and meanwhile the heating value of the diode is effectively reduced, so that the service life of the diode is prolonged, and the failure risk of a device is reduced.
Therefore, the service life of the diode can be effectively protected, the method is a mode of redundant design, and the safety risk of products is reduced.
Furthermore, in the photovoltaic module rapid shutoff device with the monitoring function, the bypass diode can be replaced by a field effect transistor (MOS tube). When the bypass diode is replaced by the MOS tube, the control process is as follows: when the product normally operates, the fast switching unit S closes the MOS switch N and opens the field effect transistor MOS transistor, at the moment, a power supply forms a conducting path from VIN+ to VIN-and forms a power supply output path from VOUT+ to VOUT-, and when the power supply output needs to be cut off, the fast switching unit S opens the MOS switch N and the field effect transistor MOS transistor, at the moment, the VIN+ to VIN-path is opened, so that the VOUT+ to VOUT-output path is also opened and cannot be output to a later stage. When shadow occlusion occurs, the field effect transistor MOS transistor is closed to bypass.
In a second aspect, the embodiment of the application also provides a photovoltaic module quick-turn-off device capable of realizing the safety control method of the photovoltaic module quick-turn-off device.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer storage medium, where a computer program is stored, where the computer program includes program instructions, where the program instructions, when executed by a processor, may implement a safety control method for a fast shutdown device of a photovoltaic module provided by any implementation manner of the first aspect or the second aspect of the embodiments of the present application.
It should be noted that, for simplicity of description, the foregoing method embodiments are all expressed as a series of action combinations, but it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited by the order of actions described, as some steps may be performed in other order or simultaneously in accordance with the present application. Further, those skilled in the art will also appreciate that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and that the acts and modules referred to are not necessarily required in the present application.
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the embodiments are emphasized, and for parts of one embodiment that are not described in detail, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.
In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus may be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, such as the division of the units, merely a logical function division, and there may be additional manners of dividing the actual implementation, such as multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not performed. Alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed with each other may be through some service interface, device or unit indirect coupling or communication connection, electrical or otherwise.
The units described as separate units may or may not be physically separate, and units shown as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit. The integrated units may be implemented in hardware or in software functional units.
The integrated units, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as stand-alone products, may be stored in a computer readable memory. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present application may be embodied in essence or a part contributing to the prior art or all or part of the technical solution in the form of a software product stored in a memory, including several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in the embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned memory includes: a U-disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), a removable hard disk, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, or other various media capable of storing program codes.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or a portion of the steps in the various methods of the above embodiments may be performed by hardware associated with a program that is stored in a computer readable memory, which may include: flash disk, read-Only Memory (ROM), random-access Memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), magnetic or optical disk, and the like.
The foregoing is merely exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. That is, equivalent changes and modifications are contemplated by the teachings of this disclosure, which fall within the scope of the present disclosure. Embodiments of the present disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure herein. This application is intended to cover any adaptations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure following, in general, the principles of the disclosure and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the disclosure pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The safety control method of the photovoltaic module rapid shutoff device is suitable for the photovoltaic module rapid shutoff device and comprises a processor (U1), a detection unit, a main control switch and a rapid switching unit (S) for controlling the main control switch to work, wherein the detection unit comprises a voltage sampling unit (M1) arranged between a positive electrode and a negative electrode of an input end of the photovoltaic module and/or a current sampling unit (M2) arranged between a negative electrode of the input end of the photovoltaic module and a negative electrode of an output end of the photovoltaic module; the voltage sampling unit (M1), the current sampling unit (M2) and the fast switching unit (S) are electrically connected with the processor (U1), and the main control switch comprises a MOS switch; the method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
S1: when the input end of the quick shutoff device is provided with a power supply input, judging whether the voltage of the input end of the photovoltaic module is within a preset threshold range or not through a voltage drop detection logic unit arranged between the input end of the photovoltaic module and the processor; if yes, the processor sends a sampling instruction to the detection unit to sample voltage and/or current and/or temperature, and step S2 is executed; otherwise, closing the heartbeat signal sending function of the processor;
s2: judging whether at least one of the voltage, the current and the temperature of the photovoltaic module exceeds a preset range, and if yes, executing the step S4; otherwise, executing the step S3;
detecting whether the input voltage of the photovoltaic module is within a preset voltage range or not through a voltage sampling unit arranged between the anode and the cathode of the input end of the photovoltaic module;
detecting whether the input current of the photovoltaic module is in a preset current range or not through a current sampling unit arranged between the negative electrode of the input end of the photovoltaic module and the negative electrode of the output end of the photovoltaic module;
detecting whether the internal temperature of the photovoltaic module is within a preset temperature range or not through a temperature sampling unit which is arranged in the photovoltaic module and used for monitoring the internal temperature of the photovoltaic module;
s3: the processor controls a MOS switch arranged between the current sampling unit and the negative electrode of the output end of the photovoltaic module to be closed through the fast switch unit, so that the power output by the photovoltaic module is output to the rear-stage module;
S4: the processor controls the MOS switch arranged between the current sampling unit and the negative electrode of the output end of the photovoltaic module to be disconnected through the fast switch unit, and the power output of the output end of the photovoltaic module is turned off.
2. The safety control method of the rapid shutdown device of the photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein the safety control method comprises the following steps:
the main control switch is arranged between the current sampling unit (M2) and the negative electrode of the output end of the photovoltaic module;
a noise reduction auxiliary unit is arranged between the G pole and the S pole of the MOS switch; the noise reduction unit consists of a noise reduction resistor and a noise reduction capacitor; the noise reduction resistor and the noise reduction capacitor are arranged in parallel; the resistance of the noise reduction resistor is not lower than 1MΩ, and the capacitance of the noise reduction capacitor is not higher than 100nF.
3. The safety control method of the rapid shutdown device of the photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein the safety control method comprises the following steps:
a first decoupling capacitor (C01) is arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the input end of the photovoltaic module, and a second decoupling capacitor (C02) is arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the output end of the photovoltaic module;
an inductor (L) is arranged between the MOS switch (N) and the negative electrode of the output end of the photovoltaic module;
before executing step S1, testing the first decoupling capacitor and the second decoupling capacitor to work normally;
Before executing step S1, the test inductor operates normally.
4. The safety control method of the rapid shutdown device of the photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein the safety control method comprises the following steps:
a bypass unit is arranged between the anode and the cathode of the output end of the photovoltaic module, and the bypass unit comprises at least one bypass diode and/or at least one field effect transistor; the bypass diode comprises at least one first bypass diode (D1); the bypass diode further comprises at least one second bypass diode (D2) arranged in parallel and in the same direction as the first bypass diode (D1);
before executing step S1, the test bypass unit works normally, so that when the power supply of the input end of the photovoltaic module is input, the test bypass unit is used for being conducted when the quick shutoff device of the photovoltaic module fails, bypassing the quick shutoff device of the photovoltaic module, and supplying power to the follow-up output freewheeling.
5. The safety control method of the rapid shutdown device of the photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein the safety control method comprises the following steps:
the detection unit is provided with a metering chip (ADC); the output end of the metering chip (ADC) is connected to the processor (U1);
the voltage sampling unit (M1) comprises a first resistor (R1), a second resistor (R2) and a first capacitor (C1), wherein the first resistor (R1) and the second resistor (R2) are arranged in series, and voltage detection ports of the first capacitor (C1) and the metering chip (ADC) are connected between the first resistor (R1) and the second resistor (R2);
When executing step S2, after the metering chip receives the instruction of the processor, the metering chip reads the voltage obtained by dividing the power input voltage through the first resistor and the second resistor, converts the voltage and sends the converted voltage to the processor.
6. The safety control method of the rapid shutdown device of the photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein the safety control method comprises the following steps:
the current sampling unit (M2) comprises a third resistor (R3), a second capacitor (C2), a third capacitor (C3) and a fourth resistor (R4) which are sequentially connected in series between the negative electrode of the input end of the photovoltaic module and the grounding end, the third resistor (R3) and the second capacitor (C2) are connected to the grounding end, a first input end of the current detection end of the metering chip (ADC) is connected between the third resistor (R3) and the second capacitor (C2), and a second input end of the current detection end of the metering chip (ADC) is connected between the third capacitor (C3) and the fourth resistor (R4);
when executing step S2, after the metering chip receives the instruction of the processor, the metering chip reads the current of the power input current passing through the third resistor and the fourth resistor, converts the current and then sends the converted current to the processor.
7. The safety control method of the rapid shutdown device of the photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein the safety control method comprises the following steps:
the temperature sampling unit (M3) comprises a fifth resistor (R5) and a sixth resistor (R6) which are arranged in series, a temperature detection port of the metering chip (ADC) is connected between the fifth resistor (R5) and the sixth resistor (R6), the fifth resistor (R5) is an NTC resistor, and the sixth resistor (R6) is a pull-down resistor;
and when the step S2 is executed, after the metering chip receives the instruction of the processor, the metering chip reads the voltage value of the NTC resistor after the voltage division of the sixth resistor, converts the voltage value of the NTC resistor to obtain the NTC resistance value, finally obtains the temperature value inside the photovoltaic module and sends the temperature value to the processor.
8. The safety control method of the rapid shutdown device of the photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein the safety control method comprises the following steps:
the voltage drop detection logic unit comprises a first voltage dividing resistor, a second voltage dividing resistor, an inverter and an OR gate;
the voltage at the input end of the photovoltaic module is input to the inverter after being divided by the first voltage dividing resistor and the second voltage dividing resistor, and the inverter outputs to the OR gate after reversing;
The inverter outputs a high level when the input voltage is higher than a preset value, and outputs a low level when the input voltage is not higher than the preset value;
the output signal of the inverter is taken as an input signal A, and the input port of the OR gate also receives an input signal B with a low level; the OR gate receives the input signal A and the input signal B, wherein when at least one input signal is at a high level, the OR gate outputs the high level; when both input signals are at a low level, the OR gate outputs a low level;
when the step S1 is executed, when the OR gate output of the voltage drop detection logic unit is at a high level, the processor sends a sampling instruction to the detection unit to sample the voltage and/or the current and/or the temperature.
9. The safety control method of the rapid shutdown device of the photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein the safety control method comprises the following steps:
the rapid switching unit (S) comprises a MOS tube (Q1), a seventh resistor (R7) connected to the G pole of the MOS tube (Q1), an eighth resistor (R8) connected between the G pole and the S pole of the MOS tube (Q1) and a ninth resistor (R9) connected to the D pole of the MOS tube (Q1), the seventh resistor (R7) is electrically connected with a GPIO port of the processor (U1), and the MOS switch (N) is electrically connected with the D pole of the MOS tube (Q1);
When the step S3 is executed, when the GPIO of the processor is at a low level, the MOS tube is cut off, and a high level signal is given to the MOS switch at the moment, and the MOS switch is closed;
when the step S4 is executed, when the GPIO of the processor is at a high level, the MOS transistor is turned on, and at this time, a low level signal is given to the MOS switch, and the MOS switch is turned off.
10. The safety control method of the rapid shutdown device of the photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the safety control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
when executing steps S1 to S4, the processor stores and reports the input and output signals to the background terminal.
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