CN115849346A - MWCNT (Metal wrap carbon nanotube) porous aerogel film as well as preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
MWCNT (Metal wrap carbon nanotube) porous aerogel film as well as preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of infrared sensors, in particular to an MWCNT porous aerogel film and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the MWCNT is dispersed in a solvent through a dispersing agent to obtain MWCNT dispersion liquid, the MWCNT dispersion liquid is processed through an ice template method to obtain an MWCNT porous aerogel film precursor, and then annealing processing is carried out on the MWCNT porous aerogel film precursor to obtain the MWCNT porous aerogel film. The MWCNT porous aerogel film prepared by the ice template method has a highly porous structure, the porosity is higher than 99%, so that the porous aerogel film obtained after annealing treatment has ultralow densityThe density is reduced to less than 1.5mg/cm 3 Thereby being beneficial to reducing the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the infrared sensing material; the absolute value of the temperature coefficient of resistance of the film is greater than or equal to 0.1%/K at room temperature, the specific resistance is less than 30 omega-cm, the thermal conductivity is less than 3 mW/m-K at room temperature, and the response speed is better than 330 frames/second.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of infrared sensors, in particular to an MWCNT porous aerogel film and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Carbon nanotubes have the inherent sensitivity of broadband, high absorbance, high photoelectric detection. Journal literature has used suspended single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films as infrared sensor materials (Science, 2006,312 (5772): 413-416) where single-walled carbon nanotube films are manufactured by arc discharge process with high infrared absorption and TCR ranging from 1%/K to 2.5%/K from 330K to 100K. Patent literature (CN 103153850A) also proposes that single-walled carbon nanotube films prepared by spin coating can be used for uncooled infrared sensing. However, the resistance of the above infrared sensing device based on single-walled carbon nanotubes is higher than 10M Ω, which causes large resistance reading noise and additional joule heating effect. In addition, since the cost of obtaining high-purity single-walled carbon nanotubes is high, in order to reduce the cost, an infrared sensor made on a polymer based on a suspended multi-walled carbon nanotube film is also proposed in journal literature (Advanced Optical Materials,2014, 2. As an attempt to improve the responsivity of MWCNT thin films, it has been proposed to combine MWCNT with VO x Compounding, and spraying to prepare MWCNT/VO x The TCR of the film can be further improved by compounding the infrared sensing film (ACS appl. Mater. Interfaces,2020,12, 1315-1321). However, such MWCNT/VO x Composite films are also facing the manufacture of VO x The stability of the crystal phase and the incompatibility of the manufacturing processes.
VO as an infrared sensor material in the related art x And a-Si, etc. have been popularized as commercial infrared sensing materials. However, its specific resistance is large and it is difficult to make the crystal structure uniform, and the response time is long, resulting in a limitation in its sensing performance. And the complexity of these processes results in high cost of the device, with the existing commercial uncooled thermal infrared detectors requiring the use of additional light absorbing layers and complex structures insulated by air or vacuum bridges to reduce energy dissipation.
Accordingly, there is a need for improvements and developments in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a MWCNT porous aerogel thin film, a preparation method and an application thereof, and aims to solve the problems of the existing infrared sensor thin film material that additional light absorption and heat insulation structures are required, the specific resistance is large, and the response time is long.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for preparing MWCNT porous aerogel thin film, comprising the steps of:
dispersing MWCNT in a solvent by a dispersant to obtain MWCNT dispersion liquid;
treating the MWCNT dispersion liquid by an ice template method to obtain an MWCNT porous aerogel film precursor;
and annealing the MWCNT porous aerogel film precursor to obtain the MWCNT porous aerogel film.
The preparation method of the MWCNT porous aerogel film comprises the step of preparing a MWCNT porous aerogel film, wherein the dispersing agent is selected from one of cellulose nano fibers, polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, chitosan and sodium alginate.
The preparation method of the MWCNT porous aerogel thin film is characterized in that the weight ratio of the dispersing agent to the MWCNT is 1.
The preparation method of the MWCNT porous aerogel thin film comprises the following steps of:
freezing the MWCNT dispersion liquid into solid ice crystals, and sublimating the solid ice crystals under a preset condition by using a freeze dryer.
The preparation method of the MWCNT porous aerogel film comprises the following steps that the vacuum degree is lower than 30Pa, and the temperature is lower than minus 40 ℃.
The preparation method of the MWCNT porous aerogel thin film comprises the following steps of annealing at the temperature of 400-900 ℃ for 60-180 minutes.
The preparation method of the MWCNT porous aerogel film comprises the step of preparing the MWCNT porous aerogel film, wherein the porosity of the MWCNT porous aerogel film is higher than 99%.
An MWCNT porous aerogel film is prepared by the preparation method of the MWCNT porous aerogel film.
An application of MWCNT porous aerogel film in preparing non-refrigeration infrared sensor.
The MWCNT porous aerogel thin film is applied, wherein the uncooled infrared sensor comprises: the MWCNT porous aerogel thin film is arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode in a erecting mode, so that the MWCNT porous aerogel thin film is in a suspended structure;
one end of the MWCNT porous aerogel film is fixed to the first electrode through conductive silver adhesive, and the other end of the MWCNT porous aerogel film is fixed to the second electrode through conductive silver adhesive.
Has the advantages that: the invention provides an MWCNT porous aerogel film and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: dispersing MWCNT in a solvent by a dispersant to obtain MWCNT dispersion liquid; treating the MWCNT dispersion liquid by an ice template method to obtain an MWCNT porous aerogel film precursor; and annealing the MWCNT porous aerogel film precursor to obtain the MWCNT porous aerogel film. The MWCNT porous aerogel film precursor prepared by the ice template method has a highly porous structure, and the porosity of the porous aerogel film obtained after annealing treatment is higher than 99%, so that the MWCNT porous aerogel film precursor has ultralow density, and the density is reduced to be lower than 1.5mg/cm 3 Thereby being beneficial to reducing the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the infrared sensing material without an additional heat insulation structure; the absolute value of the temperature coefficient of resistance of the MWCNT porous aerogel film is greater than or equal to 0.1%/K at room temperature, the specific resistance is less than 30 omega-cm, the thermal conductivity is less than 3 mW/m-K at room temperature, and the response speed is better than 330 frames/second.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of a method for preparing MWCNT porous aerogel thin film according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows m MWCNT / CNF And the influence graph of the film density of MWCNT porous aerogel before and after annealing and m MWCNT / CNF 1-hour specific resistance versus annealing temperature;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a pixel of an infrared sensor of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an array diagram of an infrared sensing pixel of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of the preparation of MWCNT porous aerogel thin film according to example 1 of the present invention;
figure 6 is an SEM image of the microstructure of MWCNT porous aerogel thin film of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an MWCNT porous aerogel film and a preparation method and application thereof, and the invention is further explained in detail below in order to make the purpose, technical scheme and effect of the invention clearer and more clear. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.
In the description and claims, the terms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. If there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in an embodiment of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature.
It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes all or any element and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
Each living being emits its own electromagnetic spectrum; infrared radiation refers to electromagnetic waves having a longer wavelength region than visible light, and includes near infrared radiation (wavelength up to about 3 μm), mid infrared radiation (wavelength about 3 μm to 8 μm), far infrared radiation (wavelength about 8 μm to 14 μm), and the like. And a device that senses infrared radiation and detects the temperature of an observation target is generally called an infrared sensor, and can be used in an infrared imaging technology when the infrared sensor is manufactured as an infrared sensor array at a microscopic level. With the development of science and technology, the infrared radiation detection technology is gradually integrated into life, and plays an important role in the fields of medical treatment, infrared imaging, safety protection, intelligent manufacturing, internet of things, aerospace, building leak detection and the like.
In general, infrared sensors are classified into thermal type infrared sensors and quantum type infrared sensors. The quantum type infrared sensor utilizes the photoelectric effect generated by the interaction of infrared radiation and detector materials to realize the detection of a target. Nowadays, quantum type infrared sensors using HgCdTe, gaAs, or the like as sensor materials of the sensors have been widely used. However, the quantum type infrared sensor needs to be equipped with a cooling device to cool the device temperature to at least the temperature of liquid nitrogen (77K) for its optimum performance. Therefore, the quantum-type infrared sensor is greatly limited in the miniaturization of the device and the reduction of the cost.
The thermal infrared detector is a detector which converts infrared radiation into heat firstly by using the specific thermal effect of the infrared radiation and converts the heat into an electric signal by using an allergic sensing element material, and can work at room temperature; the detection mechanism is as follows: the effects of radiant heat, thermovoltaic, and pyroelectric. The infrared detector with the radiant heat effect senses based on the principle that the resistance of a sensing material is sensitive to temperature, has the advantages of high reliability, small size, light weight, low power consumption and the like, and is a thermosensitive infrared detector which has the fastest development speed and the greatest application prospect at present.
When the performance of the existing infrared detector is evaluated, the following indexes are generally available: noise Equivalent Temperature Difference (NETD), response rate and response time. NETD is defined as: the temperature difference when the system noise signal is equal to the temperature difference between two adjacent units on the object to be measured is given. The main influencing factors are the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR: which represents the relative change of the resistance when the temperature changes by 1 degree centigrade, the larger the absolute value is, the better the absolute value is) and the specific resistance (the smaller the value is, the better the noise is reduced). Further, there is CdT/dt = epsilon P (T) -G (T-T) according to the energy conservation equation in infrared sensing s ) Wherein C is the specific heat capacity of the infrared sensor, T and T S The temperature of the sensing material and the ambient temperature are respectively, epsilon is the infrared absorption rate, and G is the thermal conductance between the infrared sensor and the environment. As described above, in order to achieve a high response rate, the indexes of the sensor material include a high infrared absorption rate and a high heat insulating property, so that energy loss is reduced. In order to reduce the response time, the sensing material is also required to have a low specific heat capacity. Vanadium Oxide (VO) in infrared sensing material based on radiant heat effect x ) Materials formed in a thin film shape, amorphous Si (a-Si), and the like have been commercialized. The amorphous silicon has a resistance temperature coefficient of 2.5-2.8%/K at room temperature, can be completely compatible with a standard silicon process, and can be used for manufacturing a large-size array detector. However, the specific resistance of a-Si thereof is very large and it is difficult to make the crystal structure uniform, and thus the reproducibility and stability are poor. And its response time is long, typically tens to hundreds of milliseconds. VO (vacuum vapor volume) x The infrared sensing material is the most mainstream at present, and the phase change behavior of the infrared sensing material in the range of 67-68 ℃ enables the infrared sensing material to be widely researched in the application of uncooled bolometers. VO already having TCR at-1.5%/K level at the level of mass production x And (5) producing the product. However, at VO x There are multiple crystalline phases present, each exhibiting unique properties. In the formation of VO x VO in the film due to its difficulty in maintaining a constant mixing ratio of crystal phases, etc x The reproducibility and stability of the performance of the membrane array is poor. In addition, VO x The production of the film is not compatible with standard silicon integrated circuit processes, so its production line needs to be VO x A dedicated line. In addition, amorphous silicon and VO are used in the prior art x The complexity of these processes, which are typical of commercial uncooled thermal infrared detectors that require the use of additional light absorbing layers and complex structures insulated by air or vacuum bridges to reduce energy dissipation, results in high cost of the device.
Based on the above situation, carbon nanomaterials are hot spots for research of infrared sensors. However, the existing infrared sensor film material has large specific resistance, is difficult to make the crystal structure uniform, has long response time, and causes the sensing performance to be limited; and the complexity of these processes results in high cost of the device, with the existing commercial uncooled thermal infrared detectors requiring the use of additional light absorbing layers and complex structures insulated by air or vacuum bridges to reduce energy dissipation.
Based on this, as shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for preparing MWCNT porous aerogel thin film, comprising the steps of:
step S10: dispersing MWCNT in a solvent by a dispersant to obtain MWCNT dispersion liquid;
step S20: treating the MWCNT dispersion liquid by an ice template method to obtain an MWCNT porous aerogel film precursor;
step S30: and annealing the MWCNT porous aerogel film precursor to obtain the MWCNT porous aerogel film.
In this embodiment, the MWCNT dispersion is processed by an ice template method to obtain a MWCNT porous aerogel thin film precursor, and then the MWCNT porous aerogel thin film precursor is annealed to obtain a MWCNT porous aerogel thin film with a highly porous structure, wherein the density of the obtained thin film is reduced to less than 1.5mg/cm 3 (ii) a Namely, the carbon nano aerogel is prepared by reducing the density of the carbon nano film, so that the infrared sensing material with higher sensitivity, low specific resistance and higher sensing speed can be prepared.
Specifically, the MWCNT porous aerogel thin film prepared by the invention has a highly porous structure, the porosity is higher than 99%, and due to the highly porous structure, the prepared MWCNT porous aerogel thin film has ultralow density, and the low density is beneficial to reducing the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the infrared sensing material.
According to the conservation of power equation CdT/dt = ε P (T) -G (T-T) of the infrared sensor s ) It can be seen from the formula that the reduction of specific heat capacity and thermal conductance can effectively accelerate sensing speed and improve temperature response. According to the carbon nanotube aerogel film provided by the invention, the density of the sensing material is greatly reduced, and the ultralow thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity can be ensured, so that the sensing speed and the response rate are improved, the design of an additional heat insulation structure and the like is avoided, and the manufacturing cost is saved. Meanwhile, the ultra-low density carbon nanotube aerogel film prepared by the invention also has low specific resistance, which is beneficial to reducing the noise of resistance reading and avoiding unnecessary Joule heating caused by the resistance reading process. Tests show that the absolute value of the temperature coefficient of resistance of the MWCNT porous aerogel thin film is greater than or equal to 0.1%/K at room temperature, the specific resistance is less than 30 omega-cm, the thermal conductivity is less than 3 mW/m-K at room temperature, and the response speed is better than 330 frames/second.
In some embodiments, the dispersing agent is selected from, but not limited to, one of Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF), polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan, sodium alginate; the dispersant is used for uniformly mixing MWCNT with a solvent to form a suspension, and meanwhile, the dispersant exists in a structure form of amorphous carbon in a subsequent film structure and can play a role of a binder, so that the MWCNT (multi-walled carbon nanotube) can be stably connected with each other in the form of the aerogel film, and the stability and the elasticity of the mechanical structure of the MWCNT aerogel film are realized.
Optionally, a dispersant that allows the MWCNTs to be uniformly dispersed in water and to achieve a stable cohesive structure after annealing is optional.
In a preferred embodiment, the dispersant is cellulose nanofibers.
In some embodiments, the solvent in step S10 may be selected from, but not limited to, one or more of water or an organic solvent; by way of example, the organic solvent may be, but is not limited to, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), alcohol-based solvents such as methanol, ethanol, and IPA (isopropyl alcohol), or ketone-based solvents such as acetone; used to form a suspension with MWCNTs and dispersant as a precursor solution for the preparation of MWCNT porous aerogel film precursor.
In some embodiments, in step S10, some graphene or graphene oxide may be further added to the MWCNT dispersion liquid, so that the prepared aerogel thin film is doped with graphene or graphene oxide.
In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the dispersant to the MWCNT is 1; when the weight ratio of the dispersant to the MWCNT is less than 1, the MWCNT content in the resulting film increases, so that the density of the MWCNT porous aerogel film also increases, but as the density increases, the mechanical properties of the MWCNT aerogel also decrease, because the proportion of MWCNTs in the framework constituting the film is too large and the proportion of dispersant as a binder is insufficient. And controlling the weight ratio of the dispersant to the MWCNT to 1 can make the porosity of the produced film 99% or more.
In some embodiments, in step S20, the step of performing an ice template process on the MWCNT dispersion comprises: freezing the MWCNT dispersion liquid into solid ice crystals, and sublimating the solid ice crystals under a preset condition by using a freeze dryer.
Specifically, firstly freezing MWCNT dispersion liquid into solid ice crystals at low temperature of liquid nitrogen, and then directly subliming the solid ice crystals by using a freeze dryer under the condition of vacuum low temperature to finally prepare the MWCNT porous aerogel film precursor which does not need to be supported by a substrate; the film prepared by the ice template method has a highly porous structure, and the porosity is higher than 99%; due to the highly porous structure, the prepared aerogel thin film has ultralow density, and the low density is beneficial to reducing the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the infrared sensing material.
Alternatively, the MWCNT dispersion may be treated by other methods such as supercritical drying, air drying, chemical foaming, etc. to obtain a MWCNT porous aerogel thin film precursor; specifically, supercritical drying refers to the replacement of a solvent in a gel with a supercritical fluid such as supercritical CO under conditions of high temperature and high pressure 2 Then reducing the pressureConverting the supercritical fluid into gas in a cooling mode to obtain dry aerogel; air drying means replacing a pore solution in a wet gel with a solvent having a low surface tension and hydrophobizing the surface of the gel by modification, which is performed to prevent a structural change during drying, and then drying to obtain an aerogel; the chemical foaming method is characterized in that solid or fluid is used as a precursor to be mixed with a foaming agent, the foaming agent generates gas under the conditions of chemical reaction/boiling/decompression, and the gas is bubbled to finally form solid foam, namely aerogel.
In some embodiments, the predetermined conditions are a vacuum of less than 30Pa and a temperature of less than-40 ℃; at the temperature and the vacuum degree, a freeze dryer can be utilized to directly sublimate the solid ice crystals, and the MWCNT porous aerogel film precursor which does not need to be supported by a substrate is prepared.
In some embodiments, the temperature of the annealing treatment is 400 to 900 ℃ and the time of the annealing treatment is 60 to 180 minutes.
Specifically, the annealing treatment is carried out in the atmosphere of nitrogen or other inert gases, the annealing temperature is 400-900 ℃, the annealing time is 60-180 minutes, and the heating rate is 2-5 ℃ per minute; as shown in the results of fig. 2, the specific resistance gradually decreased as the annealing temperature increased, which was advantageous in reducing the noise level at the reading; when the MWCNT aerogel film is annealed at the temperature of 900 ℃, the CNF is carbonized by more than 90%; since the unannealed aerogel skeleton is composed of MWCNTs and CNFs together, but CNFs are nonconductive, after undergoing annealing, CNFs are carbonized, and thus the density is reduced, thereby reducing the specific resistance; meanwhile, as a heat radiation material, a material containing more semiconductor components can effectively improve the temperature coefficient of resistance.
In some embodiments, the MWCNT porous aerogel thin film has a porosity greater than 99%; the aerogel thin film with a highly porous structure can enable the MWCNT porous aerogel thin film to have an ultralow density, and the low density is beneficial to reducing the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the infrared sensing material.
In addition, the invention also provides an MWCNT porous aerogel film, which is prepared by the preparation method of the MWCNT porous aerogel film.
In the present embodiment, the MWCNT porous aerogel thin film prepared by the above preparation method has a highly porous structure with a porosity of more than 99%, thereby reducing the density to less than 1.5mg/cm 3 (ii) a Through greatly reduced sensing material's density promptly, can guarantee ultralow thermal conductance and specific heat capacity simultaneously to the realization has avoided the design of extra thermal-insulated structure etc. to the promotion of sensing speed and response rate, has practiced thrift manufacturing cost. Meanwhile, the ultra-low density carbon nanotube aerogel prepared by the invention also has low specific resistance, which is beneficial to reducing the noise of resistance reading and avoiding unnecessary Joule heating caused by the resistance reading process.
The invention also provides an application of the MWCNT porous aerogel film in preparation of an uncooled infrared sensor.
Using the MWCNT porous aerogel thin film as an infrared sensor having a suitable structure; the infrared sensor may be a sensor formed of a single device, and it may also be used in an image sensor arranged in two dimensions in an array.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, the uncooled infrared sensor includes: a first electrode 20 and a second electrode 30 spaced apart from each other and disposed on a substrate 10, and an MWCNT porous aerogel thin film 40 disposed between the first electrode 20 and the second electrode 30, such that the MWCNT porous aerogel thin film 40 is a suspended structure; one end of the MWCNT porous aerogel film 40 is fixed to the first electrode 20 by conductive silver paste, and the other end of the MWCNT porous aerogel film 40 is fixed to the second electrode 30 by conductive silver paste.
Specifically, two copper electrodes are built on a glass substrate, the prepared MWCNT porous aerogel film is fixed by conductive silver adhesive, the MWCNT porous aerogel film is enabled to have a suspension structure, and the MWCNT film is formed between the two copper electrodes.
In some embodiments, the first and second electrodes are each independently selected from, but not limited to, one of silicon, aluminum, gold, copper; the substrate can be selected from one of a glass sheet, a silicon wafer or a polymer substrate; the external circuit can adopt a two-wire method or a four-wire method to read the resistance, and the design of the reading circuit can adopt a multimeter or a power supply meter and the like.
In order to obtain two-dimensional infrared imaging, as shown in fig. 4, an array of infrared sensor elements constituting an infrared sensor is formed, and imaging can be performed via electrical signal processing thereon using a readout circuit. In fig. 3, the peripheral portion of a readout circuit and the like are shown, and a resistance reading is performed using a multimeter of seven and one-half precision in this embodiment.
In addition, 90% or more of the carbon nanotubes may be a component of the semiconductor; when the semiconductor-like characteristics are displayed, the temperature coefficient of resistance tends to be negative; when the characteristics of the metal are expressed, the temperature coefficient of resistance is a positive value; generally, the temperature dependence of the semiconductor-like material is large, so the MWCNT porous aerogel thin film resistance temperature coefficient is negative; since a semiconductor having a high temperature coefficient of resistance is generally used as a material for a bolometer, it is advantageous to contain 90% or more of a semiconductor component in an aerogel thin film.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples. It is also to be understood that the following examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, and that certain insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the invention by those skilled in the art may be made in light of the above teachings.
Example 1
A MWCNT porous aerogel thin film was prepared, as shown in fig. 5, comprising the steps of:
20mg of MWCNT (manufactured by Jiangsu Xiancheng nano material technology Co., ltd.) and 20mg of CNF (manufactured by Guilin Qi Macro technology Co., ltd.) were put into 20g of pure water, and then dispersed using an ultrasonic pulverizer, and thereby MWCNT dispersion liquid was prepared. An appropriate amount of MWCNT dispersion was loaded in the sample box and MWCNT porous aerogel thin film precursors were prepared using a liquid nitrogen freezer and an ice-templated method. And annealing the prepared MWCNT porous aerogel film precursor for 2 hours at 900 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the MWCNT porous aerogel film.
Comparative example 1
30mg of MWCNT (manufactured by Jiangsu Xiapong nanomaterial technologies Co., ltd.) and 20mg of CNF (manufactured by Guilin Qihong technologies Co., ltd.) were put in 20g of pure water, and then dispersed using an ultrasonic pulverizer, and thus MWCNT dispersion liquid was prepared. An appropriate amount of MWCNT dispersion was loaded into the sample box and the MWCNT aerogel film precursor was prepared using an ice-templated method. And annealing the prepared MWCNT aerogel film precursor for 2 hours at 900 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the MWCNT aerogel film.
Comparative example 2
40mg of MWCNT (manufactured by Jiangsu Xiancheng nano material technology Co., ltd.) and 20mg of CNF (manufactured by Guilin Qi Macro technology Co., ltd.) were put into 20g of pure water, and then dispersed using an ultrasonic pulverizer, and thereby MWCNT dispersion liquid was prepared. An appropriate amount of MWCNT dispersion was loaded into the sample box and the MWCNT aerogel film precursor was prepared using an ice-templated method. And annealing the prepared MWCNT aerogel film precursor for 2 hours at 900 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the MWCNT aerogel film.
Comparative example 3
50mg of MWCNT (manufactured by Jiangsu Xiapong nanomaterial technologies Co., ltd.) and 20mg of CNF (manufactured by Guilin Qihong technologies Co., ltd.) were put in 20g of pure water, and then dispersed using an ultrasonic pulverizer, and thus MWCNT dispersion liquid was prepared. An appropriate amount of MWCNT dispersion was loaded in the sample box and MWCNT aerogel film precursor was prepared using ice-templated method. And annealing the prepared MWCNT aerogel film precursor for 2 hours at 900 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the MWCNT aerogel film.
Comparative example 4
60mg of MWCNT (manufactured by Jiangsu Xiancheng nano material technology Co., ltd.) and 20mg of CNF (manufactured by Guilin Qi Macro technology Co., ltd.) were put into 20g of pure water, and then dispersed using an ultrasonic pulverizer, and thereby MWCNT dispersion liquid was prepared. An appropriate amount of MWCNT dispersion was loaded in the sample box and MWCNT aerogel film precursor was prepared using ice-templated method. And annealing the prepared MWCNT aerogel film precursor for 2 hours at 900 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the MWCNT aerogel film.
Comparative example 5
70mg of MWCNT (manufactured by Jiangsu Xiapong nanomaterial technologies Co., ltd.) and 20mg of CNF (manufactured by Guilin Qihong technologies Co., ltd.) were put in 20g of pure water, and then dispersed using an ultrasonic pulverizer, and thus MWCNT dispersion liquid was prepared. An appropriate amount of MWCNT dispersion was loaded in the sample box and MWCNT aerogel film precursor was prepared using ice-templated method. And annealing the prepared MWCNT aerogel film precursor for 2 hours at 900 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the MWCNT aerogel film.
Comparative example 6
80mg of MWCNT (manufactured by Jiangsu Xiancheng nanomaterial Tech Co., ltd.) and 20mg of CNF (manufactured by Guilin Qizhou MacroTech Co., ltd.) were put in 20g of pure water, and then dispersed using an ultrasonic pulverizer, and thus MWCNT dispersion liquid was prepared. An appropriate amount of MWCNT dispersion was loaded into the sample box and the MWCNT aerogel film precursor was prepared using an ice-templated method. And annealing the prepared MWCNT aerogel film precursor for 2 hours at 900 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the MWCNT aerogel film.
Comparative example 7
The MWCNT aerogel thin film prepared in the same manner as in example 1 was not subjected to the annealing treatment.
Comparative example 8
The MWCNT aerogel thin film prepared in the same manner as in example 1 was annealed at 400 ℃ for 2 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere.
Comparative example 9
The MWCNT aerogel thin film prepared in the same manner as in example 1 was annealed at 600 ℃ for 2 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere.
As shown in fig. 2, the densities of the MWCNT thin films in the examples and comparative examples were measured. The density of the MWCNT aerogel films prepared increased with the increase in MWCNT content in comparative examples 1 to 6, but the mechanical properties of the MWCNT aerogel films decreased with the increase in density, because the proportion of MWCNTs in the framework constituting the films was too large and the proportion of CNFs as binders was insufficient.
As shown in the right graph of fig. 5, the MWCNT aerogel film without annealing has a high specific resistance, and the specific resistance decreases with the increase of annealing temperature, because the CNF can be effectively carbonized by the increase of annealing temperature, and the specific resistance of the MWCNT aerogel film annealed at 900 ℃ is the lowest by more than 90% of the CNF carbonized at 900 ℃.
As an infrared sensor material, the absolute value of TCR is required to be large and the specific resistance to be small. It was confirmed that the sample of example 1 was the most preferable when the sample was judged according to such a requirement.
In the samples of comparative examples 1 to 6, although the absolute value of TCR reached 0.1%/K, it could be confirmed that the sample was inferior to the sample of example 1 in density because the density was too high. Further, in the samples of comparative examples 7 to 9, since the annealing temperature was insufficient to cause the specific resistance to be too high, it could be confirmed that, if the annealing temperature was too low, it was not desirable.
Fig. 6 shows an SEM image of the surface of the MWCNT porous aerogel thin film prepared in example 1 after being subjected to the annealing treatment. At low magnification, the formation of uniform voids can be confirmed.
In summary, the MWCNT porous aerogel thin film provided by the invention, and the preparation method and the application thereof, the preparation method comprises the steps of: dispersing MWCNT in a solvent by a dispersant to obtain MWCNT dispersion liquid; treating the MWCNT dispersion liquid by an ice template method to obtain an MWCNT porous aerogel film precursor; and annealing the MWCNT porous aerogel film precursor to obtain the MWCNT porous aerogel film. The MWCNT porous aerogel film precursor prepared by the ice template method has a highly porous structure, and the porosity of the porous aerogel film obtained after annealing treatment is higher than 99%, so that the MWCNT porous aerogel film precursor has ultralow density, and the density is reduced to be lower than 1.5mg/cm 3 Thereby being beneficial to reducing the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the infrared sensing material without an additional heat insulation structure; the absolute value of the temperature coefficient of resistance of the MWCNT porous aerogel film is greater than or equal to 0.1%/K at room temperature, the specific resistance is less than 30 omega-cm, the thermal conductivity is less than 3 mW/m-K at room temperature, and the response speed is better than 330 frames/second.
Meanwhile, the MWCNT porous aerogel film has the advantages of integrated absorption, sensing and heat insulation; the porous carbon nanotube film is produced by aerogel-forming the carbon nanotubes by reducing the density of the carbon nanotube film. By greatly reducing the density of the infrared sensor, the infrared sensor with high light absorption, high sensitivity, low specific resistance, low thermal conductivity and high sensing speed is realized, so that the response rate is improved, the sensing speed is improved, and the production cost is reduced.
It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the examples described above, but that modifications and variations may be effected thereto by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the foregoing description, and that all such modifications and variations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing MWCNT porous aerogel thin film is characterized by comprising the following steps:
dispersing MWCNT in a solvent by a dispersant to obtain MWCNT dispersion liquid;
carrying out ice template method treatment on the MWCNT dispersion liquid to obtain a MWCNT porous aerogel film precursor;
and annealing the MWCNT porous aerogel film precursor to obtain the MWCNT porous aerogel film.
2. The method for preparing MWCNT porous aerogel thin film according to claim 1, wherein the dispersant is selected from one of cellulose nanofibers, polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, chitosan, sodium alginate.
3. The method of preparing MWCNT porous aerogel film according to claim 1, characterized in that the weight ratio of the dispersant to the MWCNTs is 1.
4. The method for preparing MWCNT porous aerogel thin film according to claim 1, wherein the step of subjecting the MWCNT dispersion to ice templating comprises:
freezing the MWCNT dispersion liquid into solid ice crystals, and sublimating the solid ice crystals under a preset condition by using a freeze dryer.
5. The method for preparing MWCNT porous aerogel thin film according to claim 4, wherein the predetermined conditions are vacuum degree below 30Pa and temperature below-40 ℃.
6. The method for preparing MWCNT porous aerogel thin film according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the annealing treatment is 400-900 ℃ and the time of the annealing treatment is 60-180 minutes.
7. The method of making MWCNT porous aerogel film according to claim 1, characterized in that the porosity of the MWCNT porous aerogel film is higher than 99%.
8. An MWCNT porous aerogel thin film, produced by the method for producing an MWCNT porous aerogel thin film according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. Use of the MWCNT porous aerogel film of claim 8, in the preparation of an uncooled infrared sensor.
10. The use of MWCNT porous aerogel thin film according to claim 9, characterized in that the uncooled infrared sensor comprises: the MWCNT porous aerogel thin film is arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode in a erecting mode, so that the MWCNT porous aerogel thin film is in a suspended structure;
one end of the MWCNT porous aerogel film is fixed to the first electrode through conductive silver adhesive, and the other end of the MWCNT porous aerogel film is fixed to the second electrode through conductive silver adhesive.
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