CN115612181B - Composite aerogel for electromagnetic interference shielding and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Composite aerogel for electromagnetic interference shielding and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN115612181B
CN115612181B CN202211335497.3A CN202211335497A CN115612181B CN 115612181 B CN115612181 B CN 115612181B CN 202211335497 A CN202211335497 A CN 202211335497A CN 115612181 B CN115612181 B CN 115612181B
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electromagnetic interference
interference shielding
aerogel
polyvinylpyrrolidone
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CN115612181A (en
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郝京诚
刘立
武文娜
成灿
董姝丽
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Shandong University
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    • C08J9/00Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
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    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C08J2301/00Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
    • C08J2301/02Cellulose; Modified cellulose

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite aerogel for electromagnetic interference shielding and a preparation method thereof. The polypyrrole modified cellulose nanofiber is used as a gel matrix to prepare aerogel, an interconnected conductive network structure is provided, and the dispersion of the conductive filler is facilitated, so that the aggregation of the conductive filler is prevented; the MXene and polyvinylpyrrolidone modified copper nanowire is used as a conductive filler, so that the electromagnetic interference shielding capability of the aerogel is improved. Thus constructing the multi-component composite aerogel which can be used for realizing electromagnetic interference shielding.

Description

Composite aerogel for electromagnetic interference shielding and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of new materials, in particular to a composite aerogel for electromagnetic interference shielding and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
With the development of wireless communication technology, rapid transmission of information can facilitate life, but also causes a large amount of electromagnetic pollution, which not only can interfere with operation of precise electronic equipment and instrument, threaten information safety, but also can cause harm to human health, so that efficient electromagnetic interference shielding materials are urgently needed to avoid unnecessary electromagnetic interference. At present, the traditional metal and metal matrix composite materials are widely used for electromagnetic interference shielding, but have the limitations of easy corrosion, large volume, large density, serious secondary electromagnetic pollution and the like. Accordingly, conductive polymer composites containing conductive fillers are receiving significant attention to achieve the performance advantages of easy processing, corrosion resistance, low cost, and tunable performance. In addition, low density performance is required for electromagnetic interference shielding materials in the special fields of aerospace, intelligent electronic equipment, wireless telecommunication and the like, so that the conductive polymer composite aerogel is widely focused, and can be used as a frame of the electromagnetic interference shielding material to construct a continuous conductive network, thereby being beneficial to realizing dissipation of incident electromagnetic waves due to the advantages of ultralow density, good conductivity, large specific surface area, high porosity, three-dimensional structure and the like.
Copper nanowires (cunws) are metallic nanowires with metallic conductivity, and thus are advantageous for electromagnetic interference shielding. However, the surface lacks functional groups capable of interacting with each other, so that aggregation easily occurs, and the construction of a conductive network is affected.
The two-dimensional transition metal carbo/nitride (MXene) formula is M n+1 X n T x Has excellent metalloid conductivity and a two-dimensional layered structure compared with conventional metals, wherein Ti 3 C 2 T x The synthetic conditions are mature, and the conductivity is excellent, so that the material has strong electromagnetic wave absorption and reflection capability and can be used as an electromagnetic interference shielding material. However, due to relatively poor interlayer bonding capability between MXene nanoplatelets, it is difficult to assemble them directly into aerogelsStructure is as follows.
Cellulose Nanofibers (CNF) are abundant in source and light in weight, contribute to forming a three-dimensional network structure, prevent conductive fillers from stacking, however, their insulation can hinder the transmission of electrons in the aerogel three-dimensional structure, and are unfavorable for electromagnetic interference shielding.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a composite aerogel for electromagnetic interference shielding and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of electromagnetic interference shielding aerogel, which comprises the steps of uniformly dispersing polypyrrole modified cellulose nanofiber, polyvinylpyrrolidone modified copper nanowire and MXene in water according to a proportion, directionally freezing by liquid nitrogen, and freeze-drying to obtain the composite aerogel.
In a second aspect, the present disclosure provides an electromagnetic interference shielding aerogel prepared by the method of preparation.
The beneficial effects achieved by one or more embodiments of the present invention described above are as follows:
1) According to the invention, polypyrrole modified cellulose nanofiber is used as a gel matrix to prepare aerogel, an interconnected conductive network structure is provided, and the dispersion of conductive fillers is facilitated, so that aggregation of the conductive fillers is prevented; the MXene and polyvinylpyrrolidone modified copper nanowire is used as a conductive filler, so that the electromagnetic interference shielding capability of the aerogel is improved. Thus constructing the multi-component composite aerogel which can be used for realizing electromagnetic interference shielding.
2) Cellulose nano-fibers are modified through pyrrole in-situ polymerization to form a conductive network, so that conductivity is enhanced, a charge transmission channel is opened, and electron transmission is promoted;
the copper nanowire is modified in situ by polyvinylpyrrolidone, so that the surface functional groups of the copper nanowire are enriched, the copper nanowire is favorable for realizing dispersion and preventing agglomeration.
The aerogel is constructed by taking MXene, copper nanowires and cellulose nanofibers as construction elements, and can be applied to electromagnetic interference shielding.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
FIG. 1 is a topography map (FIG. 1 a) and XPS characterization (FIG. 1 b) of MXene prepared in example 1 of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a topography diagram of a polyvinylpyrrolidone coated copper nanowire (cunw@pvp) prepared in example 2 of the present disclosure (fig. 2a is CuNW, fig. 2b, c are cunw@pvp);
FIG. 3 is a topography of polypyrrole modified cellulose nanofibers (CNF@PPy) prepared in example 3 of the present disclosure (CNF in FIG. 3a, PPy in FIG. 3b, CNF@PPy in FIG. 3 c);
fig. 4 is a scanning electron microscope topography (fig. 4 a), a fourier infrared spectrum (fig. 4 b), and electromagnetic interference shielding performance test patterns (fig. 4c, d) of the aerogel prepared in example 4 of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of electromagnetic interference shielding aerogel, which comprises the steps of uniformly dispersing polypyrrole modified cellulose nanofiber, polyvinylpyrrolidone modified copper nanowire and MXene in water according to a proportion, directionally freezing by liquid nitrogen, and freeze-drying to obtain the composite aerogel.
In some embodiments, the mass ratio of polypyrrole modified cellulose nanofibers, polyvinylpyrrolidone modified copper nanowires, MXene, and water is 0.8 to 1.2:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2:100.
in some embodiments, the polypyrrole-modified cellulose nanofibers are prepared by:
dripping hydrochloric acid solution of pyrrole into cellulose nanofiber aqueous solution, and stirring for a set time for the first time; hydrochloric acid can promote the polymerization of pyrrole.
Adding hydrochloric acid solution of ferric chloride into the solution, stirring for a set time for the second time, reacting, washing and freeze-drying after the reaction is finished, and obtaining the iron chloride. Ferric chloride is used as an oxidant to initiate the polymerization of pyrrole monomers.
Preferably, the second stirring reaction time is 20-40min.
Preferably, the mass ratio of pyrrole to cellulose nanofiber to ferric chloride is 0.3-0.5:1:2.5-3.
In some embodiments, the polyvinylpyrrolidone-modified copper nanowires are prepared by: uniformly mixing alkali liquor, soluble copper salt solution and polyvinylpyrrolidone solution, adding ethylenediamine and hydrazine hydrate, stirring for reaction, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing and drying to obtain the aqueous solution. The hydrazine hydrate has the function of reducing copper ions, and ethylenediamine guides and controls the copper ions so as to control the growth of the length and the diameter of the copper ions.
Preferably, the alkali liquor is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, and the copper salt is copper nitrate. The stability and solubility of copper nitrate are good.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the soluble copper salt to the polyvinylpyrrolidone is 60-65:1.
In a second aspect, the present disclosure provides an electromagnetic interference shielding aerogel prepared by the method of preparation.
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to examples.
Example 1
1) Synthesis of MXene Ti 3 C 2 T x
Lithium fluoride (1 g), hydrochloric acid (9 mol/L) (20 mL) were taken in a 50mL polytetrafluoroethylene beaker, stirred for 30 minutes, and after complete dissolution MAX (Ti) was added within 5 minutes 3 AlC 2 ) (1 g), stirring in a constant-temperature water bath at 35 ℃ for 24 hours, centrifugally washing the black liquid at the upper layer by using deionized water for multiple times at 3500rpm, ultrasonically layering the black liquid at the upper layer by using an ice water bath for 1 hour, centrifugally separating the black liquid at 3500rpm, and freeze-drying the liquid at the upper layer to obtain MXene.
TEM images demonstrate a size of about 600nm, as shown in FIG. 1a, and XPS demonstrates the introduction of oxygen-containing functional groups, as shown in FIG. 1 b.
2) Synthesis of polyvinylpyrrolidone coated copper nanowires (cunw@pvp):
preparing aqueous solution with 15mmol/mL of sodium hydroxide, preparing aqueous solution with 0.24g/mL of copper nitrate, preparing aqueous solution with 0.025g/mL of polyvinylpyrrolidone, mixing aqueous solution with 640mL of sodium hydroxide, 32mL of copper nitrate and 5mL of polyvinylpyrrolidone, adding 4.8mL of ethylenediamine and 0.33mL of hydrazine hydrate, stirring for 5 minutes, performing constant-temperature water bath at 60 ℃ for 4 hours, performing centrifugal washing with deionized water and acetone, and performing freeze drying to obtain CuNW@PVP. SEM demonstrated successful coating of PVP on the surface of CuNW, as shown in fig. 2a, b, TEM demonstrated that a PVP shell layer with a thickness of about 50nm was present on the surface of CuNW, as shown in fig. 2 c.
3) Synthesis of polypyrrole modified cellulose nanofibers (cnf@ppy):
preparing cellulose nano-fiber into an aqueous solution with the concentration of 5 mg/mL;
mixing 0.335mL pyrrole with 20mL0.5 mol/L hydrochloric acid, dropwise adding the mixed solution into 20mL cellulose nanofiber aqueous solution, and stirring for 5 minutes;
0.5mol/L hydrochloric acid is used as a solvent to prepare 20mL of 0.146mg/mL ferric chloride hexahydrate solution, the solution is added and stirred for 30 minutes, deionized water is used for centrifugal washing, and the CNF@PPy is obtained through freeze drying. TEM demonstrated modification of particulate polypyrrole on the surface of cellulose nanofibers as shown in figures 3a, b, c.
4) The preparation method of the electromagnetic interference shielding aerogel comprises the following steps:
the components obtained in the steps 1), 2) and 3) are mixed and dispersed according to different proportions to prepare aqueous solution with the concentration of 10mg/mL, and the aqueous solution is placed on an iron plate and directionally frozen by liquid nitrogen, and the composite aerogel is obtained by freeze drying.
In FIG. 4, c, mass ratio meter, M 2 C 1 C 1 Refer to MXene: cunw@pvp: CNF@PPy is 2:1:1;
M 1 C 1 C 2 refer to MXene: cunw@pvp: CNF@PPy is 1:1:2;
M 1 C 0 C 1 refer to MXene: cunw@pvp: CNF@PPy is 1:0:1;
M 1 C 2 C 1 refer to MXene: cunw@pvp: CNF@PPy is 1:2:1;
M 1 C 1 C 0 refer to MXene: cunw@pvp: CNF@PPy is 1:1:0;
M 1 C 1 C 1 refer to MXene: cunw@pvp: CNF@PPy is 1:1:1.
The directional aperture of the aerogel is about 20 microns, as shown in fig. 4a, the infrared test proves that the aerogel has characteristic peaks of each component, and the aerogel is successfully combined, as shown in fig. 4b, the aerogel is cut into fixed sizes, and the electromagnetic interference shielding performance test is carried out on the aerogel through a vector network analyzer, wherein the size of the aerogel exceeds the current commercial level by 20dB, and the electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency can reach 1000dB cm than that of the aerogel 3 g -1 The shielding mechanism is mainly an absorption mechanism, as shown in fig. 4c and d.
Example 2
1) Synthesis of MXene Ti 3 C 2 T x
Lithium fluoride (1 g), hydrochloric acid (10 mol/L) (20 mL) were taken in a 50mL polytetrafluoroethylene beaker, stirred for 40 minutes, and after complete dissolution, MAX (Ti) was added over 4 minutes 3 AlC 2 ) (1.2 g), stirring in a constant-temperature water bath at 37 ℃ for 24 hours, centrifugal washing with deionized water for a plurality of times at 3500rpm, ultrasonic layering of the upper black liquid by ice water bath for 1 hour, centrifugal drying of the upper liquid after 4000rpm centrifugation, and obtaining MXene.
2) Synthesis of polyvinylpyrrolidone coated copper nanowires (cunw@pvp):
preparing aqueous solution with 15mmol/mL of sodium hydroxide, preparing aqueous solution with 0.24g/mL of copper nitrate, preparing aqueous solution with 0.025g/mL of polyvinylpyrrolidone, mixing aqueous solution with 640mL of sodium hydroxide, 32mL of copper nitrate and 5mL of polyvinylpyrrolidone, adding 4.8mL of ethylenediamine and 0.33mL of hydrazine hydrate, stirring for 5 minutes, performing constant-temperature water bath at 60 ℃ for 4 hours, performing centrifugal washing with deionized water and acetone, and performing freeze drying to obtain CuNW@PVP.
3) Synthesis of polypyrrole modified cellulose nanofibers (cnf@ppy):
preparing cellulose nano-fiber into an aqueous solution with the concentration of 8 mg/mL;
mixing 0.4mL pyrrole with 20mL of 0.5mol/L hydrochloric acid, dropwise adding the mixed solution into the cellulose nanofiber aqueous solution, and stirring for 5 minutes;
0.5mol/L hydrochloric acid is used as a solvent to prepare 0.157mg/mL ferric chloride hexahydrate solution, the solution is added and stirred for 30 minutes, and the CNF@PPy is obtained through centrifugal washing by deionized water and freeze drying. The mass ratio of pyrrole to cellulose nanofiber to ferric chloride is 0.5:1:3.
4) The preparation method of the electromagnetic interference shielding aerogel comprises the following steps:
the polypyrrole modified cellulose nanofiber, the polyvinylpyrrolidone modified copper nanowire and the MXene obtained in the step 1), the step 2) and the step 3) are mixed according to the mass ratio of 0.8:1.2:1.2, dispersing into water to prepare an aqueous solution with the concentration of 10mg/mL, placing the aqueous solution on an iron plate, directionally freezing the aqueous solution by liquid nitrogen, and freeze-drying the aqueous solution to obtain the composite aerogel.
Example 3
1) Synthesis of MXene Ti 3 C 2 T x
Lithium fluoride (1.2 g), hydrochloric acid (6 mol/L) (30 mL) was taken in a 50mL polytetrafluoroethylene beaker, stirred for 50 minutes, and after complete dissolution, MAX (Ti) was added over 5 minutes 3 AlC 2 ) (1.5 g), stirring in a constant temperature water bath at 35 ℃ for 28 hours, centrifugal washing with deionized water for a plurality of times by 4000rpm, ultrasonic layering of the upper black liquid by ice water bath for 1 hour, centrifugal drying of the upper liquid by freezing at 3500rpm, and obtaining MXene.
2) Synthesis of polyvinylpyrrolidone coated copper nanowires (cunw@pvp):
preparing aqueous solution with concentration of 20mmol/mL by using sodium hydroxide, preparing aqueous solution with concentration of 0.31g/mL by using copper nitrate, preparing aqueous solution with concentration of 0.034g/mL by using polyvinylpyrrolidone, mixing aqueous solution of 600mL by using sodium hydroxide and aqueous solution of 30mL by using copper nitrate, adding 4.2mL by using ethylenediamine and 0.35mL by using hydrazine hydrate, stirring for 5 minutes, performing constant-temperature water bath at 60 ℃ for 5 hours, performing centrifugal washing by using deionized water and acetone, and performing freeze drying to obtain CuNW@PVP.
3) Synthesis of polypyrrole modified cellulose nanofibers (cnf@ppy):
preparing cellulose nano-fiber into an aqueous solution with the concentration of 8 mg/mL;
mixing 0.413mL pyrrole with 20mL 0.6mol/L hydrochloric acid, dropwise adding the mixed solution into the cellulose nanofiber aqueous solution, and stirring for 5 minutes;
0.5mol/L hydrochloric acid is used as a solvent to prepare 0.141mg/mL ferric chloride hexahydrate solution, the solution is added and stirred for 30 minutes, and the CNF@PPy is obtained through centrifugal washing by deionized water and freeze drying. The mass ratio of pyrrole to cellulose nanofiber to ferric chloride is 0.3:1:2.5.
4) The preparation method of the electromagnetic interference shielding aerogel comprises the following steps:
the polypyrrole modified cellulose nanofiber, the polyvinylpyrrolidone modified copper nanowire and the MXene obtained in the step 1), the step 2) and the step 3) are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1.2:1.2:1, dispersing into water to prepare an aqueous solution with the concentration of 10mg/mL, placing the aqueous solution on an iron plate, directionally freezing the aqueous solution by liquid nitrogen, and freeze-drying the aqueous solution to obtain the composite aerogel.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. An electromagnetic interference shielding aerogel, characterized in that: the preparation method of the electromagnetic interference shielding aerogel is characterized by comprising the following steps of: uniformly dispersing polypyrrole modified cellulose nanofiber, polyvinylpyrrolidone modified copper nanowire and MXene in water according to a proportion, directionally freezing by liquid nitrogen, and freeze-drying to obtain composite aerogel;
the preparation method of the polypyrrole modified cellulose nanofiber comprises the following steps:
dripping hydrochloric acid solution of pyrrole into cellulose nanofiber aqueous solution, and stirring for a set time for the first time;
adding hydrochloric acid solution of ferric chloride into the solution, stirring for a set time for the second time, reacting, washing and freeze-drying after the reaction is finished to obtain the ferric chloride;
the preparation method of the polyvinylpyrrolidone modified copper nanowire comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing alkali liquor, soluble copper salt solution and polyvinylpyrrolidone solution, adding ethylenediamine and hydrazine hydrate, stirring for reaction, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing and drying to obtain the aqueous solution;
the mass ratio of the polypyrrole modified cellulose nanofiber to the polyvinylpyrrolidone modified copper nanowire to the MXene to the water is 0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2:100.
2. the method for preparing the electromagnetic interference shielding aerogel according to claim 1, wherein: the second stirring reaction time is 20-40min.
3. The method for preparing the electromagnetic interference shielding aerogel according to claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of pyrrole to cellulose nanofiber to ferric chloride is 0.3-0.5:1:2.5-3.
4. The method for preparing the electromagnetic interference shielding aerogel according to claim 1, wherein: the alkali liquor is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
5. The method for preparing the electromagnetic interference shielding aerogel according to claim 1, wherein: the copper salt is copper nitrate.
6. The method for preparing the electromagnetic interference shielding aerogel according to claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of the soluble copper salt to the polyvinylpyrrolidone is 60-65:1.
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