CN115270516A - Method and device for determining optimal characteristic combined surface of nano channel - Google Patents

Method and device for determining optimal characteristic combined surface of nano channel Download PDF

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CN115270516A
CN115270516A CN202211078012.7A CN202211078012A CN115270516A CN 115270516 A CN115270516 A CN 115270516A CN 202211078012 A CN202211078012 A CN 202211078012A CN 115270516 A CN115270516 A CN 115270516A
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姚淑婷
金树峰
谭风光
陈叔平
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Lanzhou University of Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a device for determining the optimal characteristic combined surface of a nano channel, which relate to the technical field of micro-nano channel cooling, wherein the method comprises the following steps: s1: constructing a nanochannel flow heat exchange calculation model; s2: determining surface wettability characterization parameters and corresponding value ranges of the nano channels according to the calculation model; s3: determining solid wall atom vibration frequency characterization parameters of the nano channel and a corresponding value range according to the calculation model; according to the invention, by utilizing the coupling effect among the surface characteristics of the solid wall, the comprehensive heat transfer performance of the nano-channel is improved on the basis of considering the flow resistance loss, theoretical reference is provided for the optimization design of the wall surface structure of the channel, and the efficient utilization of the cooling and heat dissipation technology of the micro-nano channel is promoted.

Description

Method and device for determining optimal characteristic combined surface of nano channel
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of micro-nano channel cooling, in particular to a method and a device for determining the optimal characteristic combined surface of a nano channel.
Background
At present, flow heat exchange in a micro-nano channel is one of scenes of heat transfer application in a micro-nano scale limited space, and compared with a typical micro-nano channel cooling technology, the micro-nano channel cooling technology has the advantages of good heat transfer performance, compact structure, easiness in integrated packaging and the like, and is widely applied to the aspects of electronic device cooling, micro-fluidic integrated systems, micro-nano scale efficient heat dissipation and the like. The nanochannel serves as an effective heat transfer enhancement means, and meanwhile, the flow resistance in the channel is remarkably increased due to the size effect, so that the comprehensive heat transfer performance of the nanochannel is reduced. Moreover, for flow heat transfer processes occurring within restricted nanoscale channels, pores, or functional structures, fluid systems have an extremely large area-to-volume ratio, with interface effects dominating; the influence of surface acting force such as friction force, relative surface roughness and the like on the interface phenomena such as speed slippage, temperature step and the like, the flow resistance in a channel and the heat transfer rule is more prominent.
The near-wall region, which is the main region for heat and momentum transfer between the wall of the nanochannel and the fluid, is greatly affected by factors such as surface roughness, surface wettability, and the properties of the solid wall itself. Factors such as the roughness structure of the solid wall surface, wettability and the like and the coupling effect thereof not only influence the heat transfer characteristics of the nano-channel, but also obviously influence the resistance energy consumption of fluid flow inside the nano-channel. Therefore, from the viewpoint of energy saving and consumption reduction, the nanochannel flow resistance characteristics under the above-described surface characteristic coupling response also need to be considered. On the basis of considering the flow resistance loss, the flow heat exchange process of the nano-channel is reviewed again, the heat transfer performance of the nano-channel is comprehensively evaluated, and the method has important practical significance for promoting the development and the expansion application of the micro-nano channel cooling technology.
However, the conventional microchannel enhanced heat transfer surface is generally accompanied by an increase in flow resistance, and little attention is paid to the influence of the synergistic effect of the surface characteristics of the solid wall, such as the roughness structure and the surface wettability of the heat transfer surface, on the heat transfer performance and the flow resistance of the channel. Methods for improving the comprehensive heat transfer performance of the nanochannel by considering the flow resistance loss are few, and a passive control method specially used for enhancing heat transfer of the nanochannel based on the regulation and control of the surface characteristics of the solid wall is not retrieved.
Therefore, how to provide a method for determining the optimal characteristics of the nanochannel combined surface, which can solve the above problems, is a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method and a device for determining the optimal characteristic combination surface of a nanochannel, which utilize the coupling effect between the surface characteristics of solid walls, improve the comprehensive heat transfer performance of the nanochannel on the basis of considering the flow resistance loss, provide theoretical reference for the optimization design of the channel wall surface structure, and promote the efficient utilization of the cooling and heat dissipation technology of the micronano channel.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method and a device for determining the optimal characteristic combination surface of a nano channel comprise the following steps:
s1: constructing a nanochannel flow heat exchange calculation model;
s2: determining surface wettability characterization parameters and corresponding value ranges of the nano channels according to the calculation model;
s3: determining a solid wall atom vibration frequency characterization parameter of the nano channel and a corresponding value range according to the calculation model;
s4: according to the calculation model, determining the characterization parameters of the roughness and the appearance of the surface of the solid wall of the nano channel and the corresponding value range;
s5: determining the flow heat transfer characteristics of the nano-channel under different surface characteristic coupling working conditions according to the value range of the surface wettability characterization parameter, the value range of the solid wall atomic vibration frequency characterization parameter, the value range of the solid wall surface roughness morphology characterization parameter and the calculation model;
s6: and determining a comprehensive performance coefficient, and determining the optimal characteristic combination surface of the nano-channel by using the comprehensive performance coefficient, the surface wettability characterization parameter value range, the solid wall atomic vibration frequency characterization parameter value range and the solid wall surface rough morphology characterization parameter value range by taking the comprehensive heat transfer performance of the nano-channel as an experimental target.
Preferably, in the step S2, the surface wettability indicator is represented by a solid-liquid interatomic interaction potential energy, and a value thereof is determined by using the liquid interatomic interaction potential energy as a reference standard.
Preferably, in the step S3, the solid wall atom vibration frequency value adopts a liquid atom vibration frequency as a reference.
Preferably, in step S4, the roughness profile of the surface of the solid wall is characterized by a roughness factor.
Preferably, in step S5, the nanochannels with surfaces having different combination characteristics are determined by an orthogonal test method.
Preferably, in step S6, the overall performance coefficient is determined by using the heat transfer factor and the friction resistance coefficient of the nanochannel.
Further, the present invention provides an apparatus for determining a surface by using the optimal characteristics of a nanochannel according to any of the above methods, comprising:
the building module is used for building a nanochannel flow heat exchange calculation model;
the first determining module is connected with the constructing module and used for determining the surface wettability representation parameters and the corresponding value range of the nano channel according to the calculation model;
the second determination module is connected with the construction module and is used for determining the solid wall atom vibration frequency characterization parameters and the corresponding value range of the nano channel according to the calculation model;
the third determining module is connected with the constructing module and used for determining the characterization parameters of the rough surface morphology of the solid wall of the nano channel and the corresponding value range according to the calculation model;
the fourth determination module is connected with the first determination module, the second determination module and the third determination module and is used for determining the flow heat transfer characteristics of the nanochannels under different surface characteristic coupling working conditions according to the value range of the surface wettability characterization parameter, the value range of the solid wall atomic vibration frequency characterization parameter, the value range of the solid wall surface roughness topography characterization parameter and the calculation model;
and the fifth determining module is connected with the fourth determining module and used for determining a comprehensive performance coefficient, taking the comprehensive heat transfer performance of the nano-channel as an experimental target, and determining the optimal characteristic combination surface of the nano-channel by utilizing the comprehensive performance coefficient, the surface wettability characterization parameter value range, the solid wall atomic vibration frequency characterization parameter value range and the solid wall surface rough morphology characterization parameter value range.
Compared with the prior art, the invention discloses and provides a method and a device for determining the optimal characteristic combined surface of the nano channel, and the method and the device have the following beneficial effects:
(1) The method provided by the invention is beneficial to strengthening heat exchange, simultaneously considers flow resistance reduction, can obviously improve the comprehensive heat transfer performance of the nano channel, and has higher industrial practical application value;
(2) According to the method, on the basis of regulating and controlling the surface characteristic parameters of the solid wall, the coupling effect between the surface characteristics is considered by utilizing an orthogonal test design with interaction, the general rule of the flow and heat transfer of the nanochannel, which is more in line with the actual working condition, is obtained, and the research result can qualitatively guide the solid wall material selection and the surface structure optimization design in the application of the micro-nano channel cooling technology;
(3) The invention utilizes the theory and method of molecular dynamics to establish a nanochannel flow heat exchange model, does not make any hypothesis, describes the microcosmic physical process from the atomic level of the composition substances, can objectively reflect the effect of interface effects such as speed slippage and the like in the flow heat transfer process, and truly reveals the flow heat exchange rule in the micro-nano scale channel by the obtained result.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a general flow chart of a method for determining the optimal characteristics of a nanochannel in combination with a surface according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a nanochannel optimal property combination surface determination device provided in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a nanochannel flow heat exchange computational model provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic size diagram of a nanochannel structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention discloses a method for determining a combination surface with optimal characteristics of a nanochannel, comprising the following steps:
s1: constructing a nanochannel flow heat exchange calculation model;
s2: determining surface wettability characterization parameters and corresponding value ranges of the nano channels according to the calculation model;
s3: determining a solid wall atom vibration frequency characterization parameter of the nano channel and a corresponding value range according to the calculation model;
s4: determining the characterization parameters of the rough surface morphology of the solid wall of the nano channel and the corresponding value range according to the calculation model;
s5: determining the flow heat transfer characteristics of the nanochannels under different surface characteristic coupling working conditions according to the value range of the surface wettability characterization parameter, the value range of the solid wall atomic vibration frequency characterization parameter, the value range of the solid wall surface roughness morphology characterization parameter and a calculation model;
s6: and determining a comprehensive performance coefficient, taking the comprehensive heat transfer performance of the nano-channel as an experimental target, and determining the optimal characteristic combination surface of the nano-channel by utilizing the comprehensive performance coefficient, the surface wettability characterization parameter value range, the solid wall atomic vibration frequency characterization parameter value range and the solid wall surface rough morphology characterization parameter value range.
In a specific embodiment, in step S2, the surface wettability index is represented by a solid-liquid interatomic interaction potential energy, and the value is taken by using the liquid interatomic interaction potential energy as a reference.
In a specific embodiment, in step S3, the solid wall atom vibration frequency value adopts the liquid atom vibration frequency as a reference.
In a specific embodiment, in step S4, the roughness profile of the surface of the solid wall is characterized by a roughness factor.
In a specific embodiment, in step S5, nanochannels having surfaces with different compositional characteristics are determined using an orthogonal test method.
In a specific embodiment, in step S6, the heat transfer factor and the frictional resistance coefficient of the nanochannel are used to determine the overall performance coefficient.
Referring to fig. 2, embodiment 1 of the present invention further provides an apparatus for determining a surface using the optimal characteristics of a nanochannel according to any one of the above embodiments 1, including:
the construction module is used for constructing a nanochannel flow heat exchange calculation model;
the first determination module is connected with the construction module and used for determining the surface wettability characterization parameters and the corresponding value range of the nano channel according to the calculation model;
the second determination module is connected with the construction module and used for determining the solid wall atom vibration frequency characterization parameters of the nano channel and the corresponding value range according to the calculation model;
the third determining module is connected with the constructing module and used for determining the characterization parameters of the rough surface morphology of the solid wall of the nano channel and the corresponding value range according to the calculation model;
the fourth determination module is connected with the first determination module, the second determination module and the third determination module and is used for determining the flow heat transfer characteristics of the nanochannels under different surface characteristic coupling working conditions according to the value range of the surface wettability characterization parameter, the value range of the solid wall atomic vibration frequency characterization parameter, the value range of the solid wall surface roughness topography characterization parameter and the calculation model;
and the fifth determining module is connected with the fourth determining module and is used for determining the comprehensive performance coefficient, taking the comprehensive heat transfer performance of the nano-channel as an experimental target, and determining the optimal characteristic combination surface of the nano-channel by utilizing the comprehensive performance coefficient, the value range of the surface wettability characterization parameter, the value range of the solid wall atomic vibration frequency characterization parameter and the value range of the solid wall surface roughness morphology characterization parameter.
Example 2
The process of the method provided by embodiment 1 of the invention is specifically applied as follows:
as shown in fig. 3, step one: according to a molecular dynamics theory and a molecular dynamics method, a nanochannel flow heat exchange calculation model based on atomic scale is constructed; specifically, the liquid is confined between two parallel nanochannel solid wall surfaces of height H and flows in the x-direction, where y is the spanwise direction of flow and z is the normal direction of flow; the wall surface of the nano channel adopts a Phantom solid wall three-layer model (a fixed layer, a temperature control layer and a free layer) to ensure that the solid wall surface which directly contacts with liquid to exchange heat is not directly controlled in temperature, so that the information of the microstructure of the solid wall surface, the thermal motion of wall surface atoms, the energy exchange between the wall surface and the liquid atoms and the like is truly reflected. The interaction among liquid atoms, solid wall surface atoms and solid-liquid atoms is described by using an LJ 12-6 potential energy function, and specific expressions are respectively as follows:
Figure BDA0003832463730000071
Figure BDA0003832463730000072
Figure BDA0003832463730000073
in the formula, epsilon and sigma are respectively potential energy parameter and size parameter of LJ 12-6 potential energy function between liquid atoms, epsilon s And σ s Respectively is potential energy parameter and size parameter of LJ 12-6 potential energy function between solid wall surface atoms, epsilon sl And σ sl Potential energy parameter and size parameter of LJ 12-6 potential energy function between solid and liquid atoms, r ij Is the distance between atoms i and j,
Figure BDA0003832463730000074
potential energy function to describe the interaction between atoms i and j
Figure BDA0003832463730000075
With the force exerted on the atom i
Figure BDA0003832463730000076
The following relations exist between the following components:
Figure BDA0003832463730000081
wherein t is at different times,
Figure BDA0003832463730000082
is the velocity vector of the atom i,
Figure BDA0003832463730000083
is the acceleration of atom i, m i Is the mass of atom i; according to the theory of molecular dynamics, once the force acting on an atom is known, the acceleration of the atom can be determined from newton's equation of motion
Figure BDA0003832463730000084
Speed of rotation
Figure BDA0003832463730000085
And position
Figure BDA0003832463730000086
Through dynamic evolution for a long enough time, the macroscopic physical quantity of a research system can be obtained through the statistical average of the microscopic physical quantities such as the atomic speed, the position and the like;
the nanochannel flow control equation satisfies the following relationship:
Figure BDA0003832463730000087
wherein μ is the liquid viscosity u x The flow velocity of the liquid in the x direction, ρ is the density of the liquid, F ext Is a constant external driving force in the x-direction exerted on each liquid atom; the coefficient of friction resistance f of the liquid during the flow of the nanochannels can be calculated as follows:
Figure BDA0003832463730000088
in the formula, D h Is the characteristic dimension of the nano-channel, m is the liquid atomic mass, u m Is the average velocity of the liquid; for the convective heat transfer process of the cold fluid in the nano channel, the heat transfer control equation satisfies the following relation:
Figure BDA0003832463730000089
in the formula, h (x) is the local convective heat transfer coefficient, lambda is the liquid heat conductivity coefficient,
Figure BDA00038324637300000810
is the temperature gradient at the solid-liquid interface, T s Is the solid wall temperature, T m (x) Is the local average temperature of the liquid corresponding to different positions along the x direction of the channel flow. On the basis, the Knudel number and the heat transfer j factor are respectively calculated according to the following formulas:
Figure BDA00038324637300000811
Figure BDA0003832463730000091
wherein Re is Reynolds number and Pr is prandtl number.
Step two, obtaining the influence rule of the surface wettability on the heat transfer performance and the flow resistance of the nano channel by using the calculation model obtained in the step one, and determining the value range of the surface wettability through single-factor sensitivity analysis; specifically, the potential energy epsilon of the interaction between solid and liquid atoms is adjusted s1 The size of the nano-channel solid wall represents different surface wettabilities of the nano-channel solid wall, and the surface wettabilities and the solid-liquid interaction potential energy have the following relationship:
Figure BDA0003832463730000092
in the formula, theta is a contact angle used for representing the strength of surface wettability and the interaction potential energy epsilon between solid and liquid atoms s1 The larger the size, the stronger the interaction between solid and liquid atoms, the smaller the contact angle, and the stronger the surface wettability.
Taking the liquid interatomic interaction potential energy epsilon as a reference datum, the solid-liquid interaction potential energy epsilon s1 The value range of (1) is 0.1 epsilon-2.0 epsilon, and the value range is used for representing that the wettability of the wall surface of the channel is from weak to strong;
thirdly, obtaining the influence rule of the vibration frequency of the solid wall atoms on the heat transfer performance and the flow resistance of the nano channel by using the calculation model obtained in the first step, and determining the value range of the vibration frequency of the solid wall atoms through single factor sensitivity analysis; specifically, the liquid atom vibration frequency omega is taken as a reference standard, and the nano-channel solid wall atom vibration frequency omega is regulated and controlled s Frequency of atomic vibration of solid wall omega s The value range of (A) is 1.0 omega-8.0 omega. The larger the difference between the vibration frequency of the solid wall atoms and the vibration frequency of the liquid atoms is, the larger the interface temperature step is, and the more unfavorable the heat transfer is.
Step four, obtaining the influence rule of the surface roughness on the heat transfer performance and the flow resistance of the nano channel by using the calculation model obtained in the step one, and determining the value range of the surface roughness of the solid wall through single factor sensitivity analysis; specifically, the roughness profile of the solid wall surface is characterized by a roughness factor r, which is defined as:
Figure BDA0003832463730000093
wherein w is the groove width of the nano-channel, h is the groove depth of the nano-channel, and s is the groove spacing of the nano-channel, as shown in fig. 4, the value range of the roughness factor r is 1.0-1.6, so as to represent different roughness features; r =0 characterizes smooth surfaces, the larger the r value, the denser the nanostructure;
determining different combination working conditions of the single factors according to the single factor value ranges obtained in the second step, the third step and the fourth step based on an orthogonal test design method, and obtaining the flow heat transfer characteristics of the nanochannels under different surface characteristic coupling working conditions by utilizing the calculation model in the first step; specifically, the surface wettability, the solid wall atom vibration frequency and the solid wall surface roughness factor are respectively taken as a factor A, a factor B and a factor C, and meanwhile, the factor A is respectively 0.1 epsilon, 0.4 epsilon, 0.6 epsilon and 2.0 epsilon. The factors B are 1.0 omega, 3.0 omega, 5.0 omega and 8.0 omega respectively. Factor C takes 1.0, 1.2, 1.3 and 1.6, respectively. On the basis, the interaction between the factor A (surface wettability) and the factor B (solid wall atom vibration frequency) and the interaction between the factor A (surface wettability) and the factor C (surface roughness factor) are considered, and the method is based on L according to an orthogonal experimental design method with the interaction 16 (4 5 ) An orthogonal table, wherein an orthogonal test simulation set is designed to determine the flow heat transfer characteristics of the nano-channel under different surface characteristic coupling conditions;
step six, determining the optimal characteristic combination surface of the solid wall for realizing the enhanced heat transfer of the nano channel based on the comprehensive performance coefficient; specifically, the heat transfer performance and the flow resistance characteristic of the nano-channel are considered at the same time, and the comprehensive performance coefficient is defined as j/f based on the heat transfer j factor and the friction resistance coefficient f 1/3
Determining the characteristics of the solid wall optimal characteristic combination surface with optimized comprehensive heat transfer performance, namely the solid-liquid interaction potential energy epsilon, by taking the comprehensive heat transfer performance of the nano-channel as a test target and according to range analysis and variance analysis s1 =2.0 epsilon, vibration frequency omega of solid wall atom s The roughness factor r =1.6, and the smaller the vibration frequency of the atoms on the solid wall of the nanochannel is, the stronger the wettability of the surface and the denser the roughness structure are, so that the optimal characteristic combination surface has the optimal comprehensive heat transfer performance.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (7)

1. A method for determining the optimal characteristic combination surface of a nano-channel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: constructing a nanochannel flow heat exchange calculation model;
s2: determining surface wettability characterization parameters and corresponding value ranges of the nano channels according to the calculation model;
s3: determining a solid wall atom vibration frequency characterization parameter of the nano channel and a corresponding value range according to the calculation model;
s4: according to the calculation model, determining the characterization parameters of the roughness and the appearance of the surface of the solid wall of the nano channel and the corresponding value range;
s5: determining the flow heat transfer characteristics of the nanochannels under different surface characteristic coupling working conditions according to the value range of the surface wettability characterization parameter, the value range of the solid wall atomic vibration frequency characterization parameter, the value range of the solid wall surface roughness morphology characterization parameter and the calculation model;
s6: and determining a comprehensive performance coefficient, and determining the optimal characteristic combination surface of the nano-channel by using the comprehensive performance coefficient, the surface wettability characterization parameter value range, the solid wall atomic vibration frequency characterization parameter value range and the solid wall surface rough morphology characterization parameter value range by taking the comprehensive heat transfer performance of the nano-channel as an experimental target.
2. The method for determining the optimal characteristic combined surface of the nanochannel according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the surface wettability indicator is characterized by solid-liquid interatomic interaction potential energy, and the value is taken by taking the liquid interatomic interaction potential energy as a reference.
3. The method for determining the optimal characteristic combined surface of the nanochannel according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the solid wall atom vibration frequency value adopts the liquid atom vibration frequency as a reference.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S4, the roughness of the surface of the solid wall is characterized by a roughness factor.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S5, the nanochannels having different surface combinations are determined by orthogonal test method.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S6, the heat transfer factor and the frictional resistance coefficient of the nanochannel are used to determine the overall performance coefficient.
7. An apparatus for using the nanochannel optimal property combination surface determination method of any one of claims 1-6, comprising:
the construction module is used for constructing a nanochannel flow heat exchange calculation model;
the first determination module is connected with the construction module and used for determining the surface wettability characterization parameters of the nano channel and the corresponding value range according to the calculation model;
the second determination module is connected with the construction module and used for determining the solid wall atom vibration frequency characterization parameters of the nano channel and the corresponding value range according to the calculation model;
the third determining module is connected with the constructing module and used for determining the characterization parameters of the rough surface morphology of the solid wall of the nano channel and the corresponding value range according to the calculation model;
the fourth determination module is connected with the first determination module, the second determination module and the third determination module and is used for determining the flow heat transfer characteristics of the nanochannels under different surface characteristic coupling working conditions according to the value range of the surface wettability characterization parameter, the value range of the solid wall atomic vibration frequency characterization parameter, the value range of the solid wall surface roughness topography characterization parameter and the calculation model;
and the fifth determining module is connected with the fourth determining module and used for determining a comprehensive performance coefficient, taking the comprehensive heat transfer performance of the nano-channel as an experimental target, and determining the optimal characteristic combination surface of the nano-channel by utilizing the comprehensive performance coefficient, the surface wettability characterization parameter value range, the solid wall atomic vibration frequency characterization parameter value range and the solid wall surface rough morphology characterization parameter value range.
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