CN114915209A - Flexible hybrid energy collection device of bogie vibration and wireless self-powered node - Google Patents
Flexible hybrid energy collection device of bogie vibration and wireless self-powered node Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114915209A CN114915209A CN202210765831.2A CN202210765831A CN114915209A CN 114915209 A CN114915209 A CN 114915209A CN 202210765831 A CN202210765831 A CN 202210765831A CN 114915209 A CN114915209 A CN 114915209A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- flexible
- energy
- unit
- vibration
- self
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006855 networking Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004148 unit process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- -1 dimethyl siloxane Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octamethyltrisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004987 plasma desorption mass spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000036544 posture Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/186—Vibration harvesters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/32—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from a charging set comprising a non-electric prime mover rotating at constant speed
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K35/00—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit
- H02K35/02—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit with moving magnets and stationary coil systems
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B40/00—Technologies aiming at improving the efficiency of home appliances, e.g. induction cooking or efficient technologies for refrigerators, freezers or dish washers
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of flexible hybrid electronics and wireless sensor networks, in particular to a design and application method of a fully flexible self-powered wireless sensor network node. The invention discloses a fully flexible self-powered wireless sensing network node, which comprises a flexible hybrid energy collecting device based on vibration, a flexible sensor unit, a wireless communication unit, a microprocessor and a main control unit, wherein the flexible hybrid energy collecting device is connected with the flexible sensor unit through a wireless communication unit; the energy collection unit adopts a power generation method combining electromagnetic induction and piezoelectricity to convert mechanical vibration energy into electric energy to supply power to the wireless sensor network node. All the functional units are integrated on the same flexible circuit board by adopting a flexible hybrid electronic and low-temperature welding technology, so that the bending capability of the self-powered sensor node is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of flexible hybrid electronics and wireless sensor networks, in particular to a design and application method of a fully flexible self-powered wireless sensor network node.
Background
The structural health monitoring of the wireless sensor network in the infrastructure develops rapidly, the severe environment provides a new challenge for how to guarantee the energy of the wireless sensor network node, and a novel energy collection technology and an energy dynamic management method are applied to the design of the wireless sensor network node. The environment with complex and changeable structure and dynamic change of the monitored object puts higher requirements on the flexibility of the wireless sensor network node.
Currently, wireless sensor network technology has been applied in engineering structure health monitoring on a large scale, such as Chencailian, week-old and Guanxin-flat wireless sensor network nodes are arranged on bridges along a railway, and sensors transmit bridge health monitoring data to sink nodes, so as to realize railway bridge structure health monitoring (railway bridge structure health monitoring system based on wireless sensor actuator network, CN 103198638B). Zhaozhi, Zhanyuguo, shaky and Gupeng invent an energy supply device and method for a wireless network sensor node, an energy mining module is responsible for collecting energy from the environment, a backup energy supply module is responsible for supplying energy when the environment energy cannot meet the energy consumption of the system, and an energy management control module is responsible for controlling an energy storage module and the backup energy supply module to supply energy to the system (an energy supply device and method for a wireless network sensor node, CN 101286853B). The rail energy harvester with the multi-stable magnetic energy is developed in the university of southwest traffic in the university of gabor source doctrine, and relevant tests are carried out on the site, but the structure is relatively large and heavy, and the influence on the intrinsic vibration of the rail is still to be further disclosed. The invention discloses a self-powered wireless sensor network system and a method, which are key ways for effectively solving the current problems and realizing on-line health monitoring of a steel rail structure.
The invention discloses a self-powered wireless sensor network for on-line monitoring of steel rail structure health, which integrates self-powered wireless sensor network nodes in a piezoelectric and electromagnetic induction mixed energy supply mode, provides a wireless sensor network node energy dynamic management strategy based on data monitoring, and improves the service life of the wireless sensor network. The method has the advantages that the cooperative monitoring of the steel rail structure health information is realized by utilizing the multi-network node and multi-sensing functions, the hierarchical network framework is constructed to realize the distributed data processing of the steel rail structure health information, the on-line monitoring and intelligent detection level of the steel rail structure is improved, and the application and development of the flexible sensing and wireless sensing network technology in the rail transit industry are promoted.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above drawbacks or needs for improvement in the prior art, a first objective of the present invention is to provide a fully flexible self-powered wireless sensor network node for collecting vibration energy of a bogie structure, which includes a vibration-based hybrid energy collecting device, a rectifying and voltage-stabilizing circuit, an energy storage device, a sensor unit, an AD collecting unit, a filtering and amplifying unit, a wireless communication unit, a microprocessor, a main control unit, and other peripheral circuits; the energy collecting unit adopts a power generation method combining electromagnetic induction and piezoelectricity under the vibration excitation of the bogie structure, the structure of the piezoelectric flexible flat spring comprises a flat coil on a flexible substrate, a flexible cavity structure, a flat spring with a piezoelectric film, an electromagnet and a flat coil from bottom to top, wherein the electromagnet is fixedly arranged on the flexible piezoelectric flat spring, under the vibration excitation of a bogie structure, an electromagnet in a flexible cavity vibrates up and down along with the electromagnet, a magnetic induction line generated by the electromagnet changes, an upper plane coil and a lower plane coil of a cutting energy collecting unit generate voltage signals, a piezoelectric plane spring deforms to generate the voltage signals, a flexible mixed energy collector is designed to convert the vibration energy of the bogie structure into electric energy, the collected vibration energy is stored in an energy storage unit through a rectifying and voltage stabilizing circuit to supply power for a wireless sensor network node, and the self supply of the energy of a wireless sensing node is realized; the sensor unit comprises strain, piezoelectric and acceleration sensors and is used for on-line acquisition of bogie structural state information, analog signals sensed by the sensors are converted into digital signals through the AD conversion module, the microcontroller unit processes the signals sensed by the sensor unit, sensor data are sent to the wireless communication unit, data exchange with other flexible sensor nodes is achieved, all functional units are integrated and installed on the same flexible circuit board, bending capacity of the flexible self-powered sensor nodes is guaranteed, and the flexible self-powered sensor nodes can be actively adapted to a bogie curved surface framework.
In view of the above defects or improvement needs of the prior art, a second object of the present invention is to invent a method for integrating a fully flexible self-powered wireless sensor network node oriented to bogie vibration energy harvesting, wherein the preparation of different functional parts in the node is completed by a flexible hybrid electronic technology, and the method mainly includes:
1) hybrid energy harvesting device: a) preparing a flexible cavity structure; b) respectively preparing planar coils on the two flexible substrates; c) preparing a planar spring based on the piezoelectric film; d) the permanent magnet is integrated on the planar spring; e) the energy collecting device is assembled, the planar coils are respectively fixed at two ends of the cavity, and the piezoelectric planar spring is arranged on the central plane of the cavity;
2) preparing a flexible sensor unit: a) Designing corresponding thin film sensors based on different functional materials; b) designing a sensor acquisition and conditioning circuit; c) preparing a sensor unit on a flexible substrate;
3) preparing a flexible main controller board: a) Designing a radio frequency antenna and a circuit; b) printing and preparing an antenna and a circuit; c) selecting a radio frequency chip and an original; d) welding elements and finishing the preparation of the wireless communication unit;
4) flexible wireless communication module: a) the master control circuit design comprises an AD sampling circuit, a signal operational amplifier circuit and an energy management circuit; b) preparing a main control circuit on a flexible circuit board by a printed electronic process; c) selecting the types of the chip and the electronic element; d) the chip on the flexible main control board is welded with the electronic element by a low-temperature welding flux welding technology;
5) node integration and debugging: a) designing a standard interface to realize the compatibility of different unit modules and the flexible main control unit; b) all the functional modules are integrated on the flexible active board to complete the integration and debugging of the wireless sensing node; c) and networking of the wireless nodes realizes cooperative monitoring of the monitoring object.
Further, the self-powered unit of the flexible self-powered wireless sensing network node for bogie vibration comprises an electromagnetic induction module and a piezoelectric power generation module, the bogie structural vibration causes changes of a magnetic induction line and a piezoelectric unit, and the single-cycle energy collection device can be divided into typical processes (shown in fig. 2): (1) in an initial state, vibrating upwards; (2) returning to the central line process; (3) vibrating downwards; (4) returning to the initial process, the collected energy is the sum of the energy collected by electromagnetic induction power generation and piezoelectric power generation, energy is provided for a sensor, a microprocessor, a wireless communication unit and the like in the flexible sensing node, and normal work of a single node is guaranteed.
Furthermore, the hybrid energy collection device of the bogie vibration flexible self-powered wireless sensor network node comprises electromagnetic induction and piezoelectric vibration energy collection, a proper support plane spring material is selected, the shapes of a plane coil and a plane spring are reasonably designed, different spring stiffness and geometric structures are selected, the hybrid energy collection device is guaranteed to be large in working frequency band range, the hybrid energy collection device is actively matched with multi-band vibration of a bogie, and the output performance and the energy collection efficiency of the hybrid energy collection device are improved.
Furthermore, according to the method for preparing and integrating the vibration flexible self-powered wireless sensor network node of the bogie, flexible bendable functional devices are designed for the sensor unit, the energy collection unit, the signal processing and microcontroller unit and the wireless communication unit, corresponding functional materials and preparation processes are selected to complete preparation of the functional units, the sensor unit, the energy collection unit, the signal processing and microcontroller unit and the wireless communication unit are integrated on the same flexible PCB main control board through a low-temperature welding process, and preparation and function integration work of the fully flexible self-powered wireless sensor network node is completed.
Furthermore, the bogie vibration flexible self-powered wireless sensing network node is installed on the surface of a curved surface of a bogie frame, and can output corresponding voltage signals according to the bogie vibration excitation self-powered sensing network node, so that the corresponding relation between the output voltage and the bogie vibration (amplitude and frequency) can be clarified, conversely, the vibration signals received by the bogie can be calculated according to the voltage signals output by the node, and a feasible scheme is provided for monitoring the bogie structure vibration.
Furthermore, the bogie vibration flexible self-powered wireless sensing network nodes are arranged on the curved surface of the bogie frame, different nodes are arranged at different bogie positions, a sensor network is formed among the different nodes and is respectively used as a sink node or a sensing node to serve as different roles, the monitoring requirements of typical tasks are met, different sensor nodes are used for sensing different types of sensing data, and the reliability and the precision of a monitored object are improved by fusing and analyzing the sensing data.
Furthermore, the flexible self-powered wireless sensor network node for bogie vibration has flexible bending deformation capability, has the characteristics of light weight and ultrathin thickness, can be in conformal contact with a curved surface, is attached to a curved surface structure, has negligible influence on the flow field and vibration of the curved surface structure, expands the application range of the sensor network, and expands the flexible sensor node into the structural health monitoring application of complex curved surface engineering structural members and infrastructure.
Generally, compared with the prior art, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, all functional units are integrated on the flexible circuit board due to the fully flexible self-powered wireless sensing network node, so that the flexible self-powered wireless sensing network node has the capability of flexible bending deformation and is actively adaptive to a curved surface framework of the bogie; the flexible hybrid vibration energy collecting device is integrated, multi-band energy collection is supported, energy supply of wireless sensing nodes is guaranteed, dynamic scheduling of the wireless sensing network node energy is achieved, and the service life of the fully flexible wireless sensing network is prolonged. The fully flexible self-powered wireless sensor network node is used for remote online monitoring of human physiological states, motion postures and engineering structures, and the cooperative monitoring technology of the sensor network node provides technical support for remote online monitoring of large-area structures.
In summary, the steering frame vibration flexible self-powered wireless sensor network node provided by the invention adopts a vibration-based electromagnetic induction and piezoelectric energy mixed collection mode to supply power to the sensor unit, the acquisition and processing unit and the wireless communication unit, so as to ensure the normal operation of the fully flexible wireless sensor network node, the flexible sensor unit, the flexible energy collection unit, the flexible circuit board and the flexible wireless communication unit are processed and prepared by adopting a flexible mixed electronic technology, and the electronic element, the sensor, the energy collection unit and the wireless communication unit are welded and integrated on the flexible circuit board by adopting a low-temperature welding technology, so that the preparation of the fully flexible self-powered wireless sensor node is completed. Aiming at the remote monitoring requirement of a complex component, different sensor nodes play different roles, and cooperate with the structural health state of a monitored object, the energy consumption balance control method of the self-powered wireless sensor network based on event interception is provided, and the service life cycle of the network is prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the integration of a fully flexible self-powered wireless sensor network node with a curved bogie frame.
Fig. 2 shows a structural layout and design principle of a fully flexible self-powered wireless sensor network node. The wireless energy collection and management system comprises an energy collection and management unit, a sensor unit, a signal collection and master controller unit and a wireless communication unit.
Fig. 3 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a hybrid energy harvesting device integrating electromagnetic induction and piezoelectric functions.
Fig. 4 is a design of a planar spring and coil support structure based on a fractal structure design.
Fig. 5 shows the working mode and the switching mechanism of the energy collection state, and the energy collection device combines two types of piezoelectric and electromagnetic induction due to the planar spring vibration caused by the external vibration signal.
Fig. 6 is a hybrid energy harvesting-conversion-storage circuit diagram.
Figure 7 is an energy and signal flow for a single flexible self-powered sensor network node.
Fig. 8 is a method for manufacturing and integrating a fully flexible self-powered wireless sensor network node, in which a main energy collection and management unit, a sensor unit, and a wireless communication unit are designed and manufactured and integrated on a main control board of a flexible PCB, so as to complete the manufacturing of the fully flexible self-powered wireless sensor network node.
FIG. 9 shows that the nodes of the fully flexible self-powered wireless sensor network are conformal to the surface of the complex hard curved surface structure.
FIG. 10 is a graph of voltage output response of an energy harvesting device at different frequencies and load conditions. Graph a is the piezoelectric unit output performance; graph b is electromagnetic induction output performance; and the graph c shows the coupling-out performance of the piezoelectric and electromagnetic induction.
FIG. 11 is a graph of the output performance of the hybrid energy harvesting device under different applied loads (piezoelectric and electromagnetic inductive loads), where rm is the load resistance corresponding to the electromagnetic inductive energy harvesting module; and rp is the corresponding load resistance of the piezoelectric energy collection module.
The symbolic meanings in the figures are as follows:
101-a bogie curved surface framework; 102-105 are flexible self-powered wireless sensing network nodes.
1-an energy harvesting module; 2-a multi-path rectifier circuit module; 3-an energy storage unit; 4-a flexible master unit; 5-a flexible sensor unit; 6-wireless communication unit.
11-a lower flexible substrate; 12-lower planar coil; 13-a flexible cavity; 14-a planar spring; 15-flexible piezoelectric film; 16-a permanent magnet; 17-upper level planar coil; 18-upper flexible substrate.
51-a flexible piezoelectric unit; 52-a flexible strain cell; 53-AD sampling module.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Referring to fig. 1, a flexible self-powered wireless sensing network node 102 and a node 105 are integrated with an electromagnetic induction and piezoelectric energy collection module, a plurality of nodes are attached to a curved surface 101 of a bogie frame and used for collecting the energy of bogie vibration in real time and realizing distributed real-time sensing of state information of a plurality of positions of the bogie, and the self-powered module is integrated without an external power supply, so that power supply of a microelectronic device monitored by the bogie is guaranteed.
Referring to fig. 2, a fully flexible self-powered wireless sensor network node includes an energy collection module 1; a multi-path rectifier circuit module 2; an energy storage unit 3; a flexible master control unit 4; a flexible sensor unit 5; a wireless communication unit 6 and other peripheral circuits.
The vibration-based hybrid energy collecting device can adopt a power generation method combining electromagnetic induction and piezoelectricity, and is structurally characterized in that a lower-layer flexible substrate 11 is sequentially arranged from bottom to top, and a polyimide PI film (the thickness is 50 micrometers) is selected; the lower layer of the planar copper coil 12 has the width of 50 microns, the interval of 20 microns and the number of turns of 300 turns; a flexible PDMS cavity 13; the planar spring 14 structure is a PVDF piezoelectric film structure supported by a flexible film PET; the flexible piezoelectric film 15 is a flexible PVDF film; the permanent magnet 16 is made of Pb (Fe1/2Nb1/2) alloy material and has the strength of 0.5T; the upper layer of the planar coil 17 has the width of 50 microns, the interval of 20 microns and the number of turns of 300 turns; the upper layer flexible substrate 18 is a polyimide PI film (thickness is 50 microns). The permanent magnet is fixedly arranged on the flexible piezoelectric planar spring, under the excitation of external vibration, the electromagnet in the flexible cavity vibrates up and down along with the flexible piezoelectric planar spring, a magnetic induction line generated by the electromagnet changes, the cutting planar coil generates a voltage signal, the piezoelectric planar spring deforms to generate the voltage signal, and the designed flexible mixed energy collector converts vibration energy into electric energy.
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a hybrid electromagnetic induction-piezoelectric energy harvesting device, which mainly includes a piezoelectric and electromagnetic induction energy harvesting module coupled together, the hybrid energy harvesting device includes electromagnetic induction and piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting, a proper support plane spring material is selected, shapes of a plane coil and a plane spring are designed, different spring stiffness and geometric structures are selected, it is ensured that the hybrid energy harvesting device has a large working frequency band range, the hybrid energy harvesting device is actively matched with multi-band vibration of a bogie, output performance and energy harvesting efficiency of the hybrid energy harvesting device are improved, the piezoelectric and electromagnetic induction module of the hybrid energy harvesting device converts vibration energy into electric energy under excitation of a vibration source of the bogie structure, and power supply of a wireless sensing network node and microelectronic equipment is supported.
The shape of the film supporting the planar spring and the coil can be designed into a fractal structure, which is shown in fig. 4 and is selected as a zigzag fractal structure, and schematic diagrams of a first-order fractal structure, a second-order fractal structure and a third-order fractal structure are respectively given. The upper and lower layer of the plane coil structures and the plane springs are supported to be vibration pickup structures 1, 2 and 3 respectively, the rigidity of the supporting structure can be dynamically adjusted by adjusting the width and the fractal order of the shape of the film, the rigidity of the vibration pickup structure is closely related to the damping coefficient and the shape of the plane film, so that the dynamic adjustment of the resonance frequency of the hybrid energy collecting device is realized, the bandwidth of the hybrid energy collecting device for collecting energy is increased by the plurality of vibration pickup structures, the energy collecting efficiency of the hybrid energy collecting device is improved, and the energy supply for the self-powered wireless sensing network nodes of the bogie is guaranteed.
Fig. 5 shows the working mode and the switching mechanism of the energy collection state, and the energy collection device combines two types of piezoelectric and electromagnetic induction due to the planar spring vibration caused by the external vibration signal. The magnetic induction lines and the piezoelectric units are changed due to external vibration excitation or environmental vibration, and the single-period energy collecting device can be divided into a typical process: (1) the permanent magnet 16 is excited by external vibration to move upwards, the distribution of magnetic induction lines of the permanent magnet changes due to the movement of the permanent magnet, magnetic fluxes sensed by the lower-layer planar coil 12 and the upper-layer planar coil 17 change, the upper and lower coils respectively generate voltages Ve1 and Ve2 under the electromagnetic induction, meanwhile, the strain of the piezoelectric film 15 changes, and a corresponding voltage signal Vp is also output; (2) when the permanent magnet reaches the highest point upwards, the permanent magnet starts to vibrate downwards to return to the central line, the magnetic flux of the upper coil and the lower coil and the strain of the piezoelectric film change, and the output corresponding induced potentials are-Ve 1, -Ve2 and piezoelectric voltage-Vp; (3) the permanent magnet continuously vibrates downwards, the moving permanent magnet causes the magnetic flux of the energy collecting unit to change, the strain of the surface of the piezoelectric film also changes, and the output induced potential is-Ve 1, -Ve2 and piezoelectric voltage-Vp; (4) and in the process that the permanent magnet vibrates upwards to return to the initial state, the moving permanent magnet causes the magnetic flux of the energy collecting unit to change, the strain of the surface of the piezoelectric film also changes, and the output induced potentials are Ve1, Ve2 and the piezoelectric voltage Vp. The designed self-powered unit is the sum of energy collected by electromagnetic induction power generation and piezoelectric power generation, under the excitation of external vibration information, the permanent magnet moves along with the self-powered unit to cause the change of magnetic flux of an upper planar coil and a lower planar coil and the strain of a piezoelectric film, voltage signals are output, the generated alternating current voltage signals are converted into direct current signals through the multi-path rectifying unit 2, and the direct current signals are stored in the energy storage device 3 and provide electric energy for a sensor, a microprocessor and a wireless communication unit of a wireless sensor network node.
The sensor unit comprises a flexible piezoelectric sensor 51, a flexible strain sensor 52 and an AD sampling module 53, the sensor perception degree reaches the state information of a detection object, a perceived analog signal is converted into a digital signal through the AD conversion module, the microcontroller unit 4 processes the perceived signal in real time and sends the perceived signal to other wireless nodes through the wireless communication unit 5, data exchange with other flexible sensor nodes is realized, all functional units are integrated and installed on a flexible main control board, and the design and integration of a fully flexible self-powered wireless sensor network node are completed.
Fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of hybrid energy collection-conversion-storage, in which an output ac voltage signal of the piezoelectric and electromagnetic induction energy collection device is converted into a dc power through a rectifier circuit, and then the dc power signal is stored in an energy storage unit (battery or super capacitor) through an energy recovery circuit and an energy storage circuit, so as to ensure energy supply of the fully flexible self-powered wireless sensing node.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of energy and signal flow of a fully flexible self-powered wireless sensing node, where the energy flow mainly includes: the hybrid energy collecting device converts mechanical energy of external vibration into voltage signals, converts alternating current voltage signals sensed by electromagnetism and sensed by piezoelectricity into direct current signals through the rectifying circuit, stores the direct current signals in the energy storage device, supplies power to the sensors, the collecting and processing units and the wireless communication unit of the flexible sensor network nodes, and achieves self-sufficiency of energy on the basis that collected energy is larger than node dissipation energy. The signal flow of the wireless sensor network mainly senses the state information of a monitored object from sensor data, the sensor data is processed by the main controller, and the processed signal is sent to other sensing nodes through the wireless communication unit to realize the exchange of the sensing data.
The fully flexible self-powered wireless sensor network node completes the preparation of different functional parts in the node through a flexible hybrid electronic technology, the low-temperature welding technology completes the functional integration of the fully flexible self-powered wireless sensor network node, and a specific processing process flow, referring to fig. 8, mainly comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a hybrid energy collecting device: a) preparing a cavity structure of the flexible local dimethyl siloxane film by adopting a die method, wherein the middle part of the cavity structure is used for supporting a planar spring structure; b) preparing planar copper coils on the two flexible substrates by adopting a printed electronic technology; c) designing a planar spring prepared based on a piezoelectric film, and mounting the planar spring on a central structure of a flexible cavity structure; d) the permanent magnet is integrated on the planar spring and is used for vibrating along with the vibration information of the external environment; e) the energy collecting device is assembled, the planar coils are respectively and fixedly arranged at two ends of the cavity, and the piezoelectric planar spring is arranged on the central plane of the cavity.
2) Preparing a flexible sensor unit: a) Designing corresponding film sensors based on different functional materials, designing a piezoelectric sensor by adopting a PVDF film as a piezoelectric material, and designing a strain sensor by adopting a Pt metal as a piezoresistor; b) aiming at the output of the piezoelectric and strain sensors, a reasonable acquisition and conditioning circuit is designed to condition the sensor signals; c) the flexible piezoelectric and strain sensor units are fabricated on a flexible substrate, respectively.
3) Preparing a flexible main controller board: a) Designing a reasonable radio frequency antenna and circuit design; b) preparing an antenna and a circuit by using a printed electronic technology; c) selecting reasonable radio frequency chips and component models; d) the low-temperature welding technology is adopted to complete element welding, and the preparation of the wireless communication unit is realized;
4) flexible wireless communication module: a) The design of a master control circuit, wherein a coil and a peripheral circuit are designed, and the master control circuit comprises an AD sampling circuit, a signal operational amplifier and an energy management circuit; b) preparing a main control circuit on a flexible circuit board by a printed electronic process; c) selecting the types of the chip and the electronic element; d) the chip on the flexible main control board is welded with the electronic element by a low-temperature welding flux welding technology;
5) node integration and debugging: a) designing a standard interface to realize the compatibility of different unit modules and the flexible main control unit; b) all the functional modules are integrated on the flexible active board to complete the integration and debugging of the wireless sensing node; (c) and networking of the wireless nodes realizes cooperative monitoring of the monitoring object.
According to the flexibility and the conformal contact capability with the complex curved surface of the fully flexible self-powered wireless sensor network node, as shown in fig. 9, the fully flexible self-powered wireless sensor network node is made of flexible functional materials and is compatible with a micro electro mechanical system and printing electronics, the prepared fully flexible wireless sensor network node supports batch production, and the flexibility of the fully flexible self-powered wireless sensor network node expands the structural health application range of the wireless sensor network on the complex curved surface.
The output performance and the energy collection efficiency of the hybrid energy collection device are affected by the external excitation (different vibration frequencies and amplitudes of the bogie) and the load conditions, and the corresponding relationship between the energy collection efficiency of the hybrid energy collection device and the external excitation and the load is obtained through theoretical calculation and simulation analysis and is shown in fig. 10 and fig. 11. FIG. 10 is a graph of voltage output response of an energy harvesting device at different frequencies and load conditions, and FIG. 10a is a graph of piezoelectric unit output performance; FIG. 10b shows electromagnetic induction output performance; fig. 10c shows the coupling-out behavior of piezoelectric and electromagnetic induction. Fig. 11 shows the output performance of the hybrid energy harvesting device under different applied loads (piezoelectric load rp and electromagnetic energy harvesting load rm).
The wireless sensor network is formed by different nodes based on flexible sensor network nodes, the sensor network is formed among different nodes, networking of a plurality of wireless sensor network nodes is achieved based on a ZigBee wireless communication protocol and is respectively used as a sink node or a sensing node, the sensing system serves different roles, the monitoring requirements of typical tasks are met, different sensor nodes are used for sensing different types of sensing data, and the reliability and the precision of a monitored object are improved by fusing and analyzing the sensing data. The energy collected by the vibration of the bogie structure supports a wide frequency band, and the power supply requirement of a wireless sensing network for the health monitoring of the bogie structure is guaranteed.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A fully flexible self-powered wireless sensor network node is characterized by comprising a vibration-based hybrid energy collecting device, a rectifying and voltage stabilizing circuit, an energy storing device, a sensor unit, an AD (analog-digital) acquisition unit, a filtering and amplifying unit, a wireless communication unit, a microprocessor, a main control unit and other peripheral circuits, wherein the energy storing device is connected with the sensor unit through the wireless communication unit; the energy collection unit adopts a power generation method combining electromagnetic induction and piezoelectricity, and the structure of the energy collection unit is sequentially a planar coil, a flexible cavity structure, a planar spring with a piezoelectric film, an electromagnet and a planar coil from bottom to top, wherein the electromagnet is fixedly arranged on the flexible piezoelectric planar spring, under the excitation of external vibration, the electromagnet in the flexible cavity vibrates up and down along with the electromagnet, a magnetic induction line generated by the electromagnet changes along with the electromagnet, the upper and lower planar coils of the energy collection unit are cut to generate voltage signals, the piezoelectric planar spring deforms to generate voltage signals, the designed flexible mixed energy collector converts the vibration energy into electric energy, the collected vibration energy is stored in the energy storage unit through a rectification and voltage stabilizing circuit to supply power to a wireless sensor network node, and the self-supply of the node energy is realized; the sensor unit comprises strain, piezoelectric and acceleration sensors, analog signals sensed by the sensors are converted into digital signals through the AD conversion module, the microcontroller unit processes the signals sensed by the sensor unit, sensor data are sent to the wireless communication unit, data exchange with other flexible sensor nodes is achieved, all the functional units are integrated and installed on the same flexible circuit board, and bending capacity of the flexible self-powered sensor nodes is guaranteed.
2. The method for preparing the fully flexible self-powered wireless sensor network node according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following main steps:
1) the energy collecting device for the power supply of the fully flexible wireless sensor network node comprises: a) preparing a flexible cavity structure; b) respectively preparing planar coils on the two flexible substrates; c) preparing a planar spring based on the piezoelectric film; d) the permanent magnet is integrated on the planar spring; e) the energy collecting device is assembled, the planar coils are respectively fixed at two ends of the cavity, and the piezoelectric planar spring is arranged on the central plane of the cavity;
2) preparing a flexible sensor unit: a) Designing corresponding thin film sensors based on different functional materials; b) designing a sensor acquisition and conditioning circuit; c) preparing a sensor unit on a flexible substrate;
3) preparing a flexible main controller board: a) Designing a radio frequency antenna and a circuit; b) printing and preparing an antenna and a circuit; c) selecting a radio frequency chip and an original; d) welding elements and finishing the preparation of the wireless communication unit;
4) flexible wireless communication module: a) the master control circuit design comprises an AD sampling circuit, a signal operational amplifier circuit and an energy management circuit; b) preparing a main control circuit on a flexible circuit board by a printed electronic process; c) selecting the types of the chip and the electronic element; d) the chip on the flexible main control board is welded with the electronic element by a low-temperature welding flux welding technology;
5) node integration and debugging: a) designing a standard interface to realize the compatibility of different unit modules and the flexible main control unit; b) all the functional modules are integrated on the flexible active board to complete the integration and debugging of the wireless sensing node; c) networking of the wireless sensing network nodes realizes cooperative monitoring of the monitored objects.
3. The node of claim 1, wherein the self-powered and hybrid energy harvesting device comprises electromagnetic induction and piezoelectric energy harvesting functions, converts a vibration signal of a monitored object or an external environment into a voltage signal, and the up-and-down vibration process of the permanent magnet can provide an energy signal for the node of the wireless sensor network to provide energy for the wireless sensor network.
4. The fully flexible self-powered wireless sensor network node according to claims 1 to 3, wherein a mapping relation between corresponding voltage signals output by the bogie vibration excitation self-powered sensor network node and bogie vibration (amplitude and frequency) is constructed, and vibration signals received by the bogie can be calculated according to the voltage signals output by the node, so that a feasible scheme is provided for monitoring the vibration of the bogie structure.
5. A fully flexible self-powered wireless sensor network node according to claims 1 to 3, wherein the self-powered unit comprises electromagnetic induction and piezoelectric power generation modules, the bogie structure vibration causes the magnetic induction lines and the piezoelectric unit to change, and the single-cycle energy collection device can be divided into typical processes (shown in fig. 2): (1) in an initial state, vibrating upwards; (2) returning to the central line process; (3) vibrating downwards; (4) returning to the initial process, the collected energy is the sum of the energy collected by electromagnetic induction power generation and piezoelectric power generation, energy is provided for a sensor, a microprocessor, a wireless communication unit and the like in the flexible sensing node, and normal work of a single node is guaranteed.
6. The fully flexible self-powered wireless sensor network node according to claims 1 to 5, wherein a zigzag structure is adopted for a planar spring and planar coil support structure of the hybrid energy collection device, different spring stiffness and damping coefficient can be obtained by dynamically adjusting geometric structure parameters, the working frequency band of the hybrid energy collection device can be widened, the hybrid energy collection device is actively matched with multi-band vibration of a bogie, and the output performance and the energy collection efficiency of the hybrid energy collection device are improved.
7. The fully flexible self-powered wireless sensor network node according to claims 1 to 6, characterized by having flexible and bendable deformation capability, light weight and ultra-thin characteristics, expanding the application range of sensor networks, expanding the flexible sensor node into the structural health inspection application of living body flexible surfaces, complex curved engineering structural members and infrastructure, and improving the accuracy of monitoring signals.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210765831.2A CN114915209B (en) | 2022-07-01 | 2022-07-01 | Bogie vibration flexible hybrid energy collecting device and wireless self-powered node |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210765831.2A CN114915209B (en) | 2022-07-01 | 2022-07-01 | Bogie vibration flexible hybrid energy collecting device and wireless self-powered node |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114915209A true CN114915209A (en) | 2022-08-16 |
| CN114915209B CN114915209B (en) | 2024-04-30 |
Family
ID=82772112
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210765831.2A Active CN114915209B (en) | 2022-07-01 | 2022-07-01 | Bogie vibration flexible hybrid energy collecting device and wireless self-powered node |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114915209B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117740081A (en) * | 2024-02-07 | 2024-03-22 | 海南大学三亚南繁研究院 | Self-powered agricultural environment sensing system based on flexible nano piezoelectric material |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101017989A (en) * | 2007-02-28 | 2007-08-15 | 西南科技大学 | Self-supply micro radio sensing network node based on the piezoelectric vibration power generation |
| CN102713243A (en) * | 2009-08-27 | 2012-10-03 | 麦卡利斯特技术有限责任公司 | Integrated fuel injectors and igniters and associated methods of use and manufacture |
| CN107612112A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-01-19 | 中国矿业大学 | Gas monitor wireless sensor network node under a kind of mine of vibrational energy capture |
| US20210399203A1 (en) * | 2020-06-20 | 2021-12-23 | The Boeing Company | Metamaterial-Based Substrate for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters |
-
2022
- 2022-07-01 CN CN202210765831.2A patent/CN114915209B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101017989A (en) * | 2007-02-28 | 2007-08-15 | 西南科技大学 | Self-supply micro radio sensing network node based on the piezoelectric vibration power generation |
| CN102713243A (en) * | 2009-08-27 | 2012-10-03 | 麦卡利斯特技术有限责任公司 | Integrated fuel injectors and igniters and associated methods of use and manufacture |
| CN107612112A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-01-19 | 中国矿业大学 | Gas monitor wireless sensor network node under a kind of mine of vibrational energy capture |
| US20210399203A1 (en) * | 2020-06-20 | 2021-12-23 | The Boeing Company | Metamaterial-Based Substrate for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 张旭辉;姜俊英;同娟;: "面向采煤机的全方向压电自俘能无线监测系统研究", 重型机械, no. 01, 20 January 2014 (2014-01-20) * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117740081A (en) * | 2024-02-07 | 2024-03-22 | 海南大学三亚南繁研究院 | Self-powered agricultural environment sensing system based on flexible nano piezoelectric material |
| CN117740081B (en) * | 2024-02-07 | 2024-04-26 | 海南大学三亚南繁研究院 | Self-powered agricultural environment sensing system based on flexible nano piezoelectric material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN114915209B (en) | 2024-04-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Colomer-Farrarons et al. | A multiharvested self-powered system in a low-voltage low-power technology | |
| KR101725115B1 (en) | Power Supplier Using a Flexible PCB Based Self-powering and Sensor Node Using The Same | |
| JP5611565B2 (en) | Piezoelectric vibration generator and power generator using the same | |
| Yuen et al. | An AA-sized vibration-based microgenerator for wireless sensors | |
| CN102227868B (en) | Vibration power generator, vibration power generating apparatus, and communication apparatus having vibration power generating apparatus mounted thereon | |
| Rao et al. | An energy harvesting system for passively generating power from human activities | |
| CN114915209A (en) | Flexible hybrid energy collection device of bogie vibration and wireless self-powered node | |
| JP6047177B2 (en) | Energy harvesting method and apparatus using intrinsic voltage difference between metal joints | |
| US20120139389A1 (en) | Microelectronic devices for harvesting kinetic energy and associated systems and methods | |
| Khan et al. | Modeling of linear micro electromagnetic energy harvesters with nonuniform magnetic field for sinusoidal vibrations | |
| CN103199738B (en) | Piezoelectricity-piezoelectricity combined type broadband energy harvester based on micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technology | |
| Du et al. | Recent advances in mechanical vibration energy harvesters based on triboelectric nanogenerators | |
| CN113394941A (en) | Electromagnetism-piezoelectricity hybrid double-effect quasi-zero-stiffness vibration energy harvesting device | |
| de Oliveira et al. | Design, modeling, characterization and analysis of a low frequency micro-fabricated piezoelectric cantilever for vibration sensing and energy harvesting applications | |
| CN102118095A (en) | Energy acquisition device, vibrating device used for energy acquisition and manufacturing method | |
| Kroener | Energy harvesting technologies: Energy sources, generators and management for wireless autonomous applications | |
| Ching et al. | PCB integrated micro-generator for wireless systems | |
| Wang et al. | Self-sustained and self-wakeup wireless vibration sensors by electromagnetic-piezoelectric-triboelectric hybrid energy harvesting | |
| JPH1132471A (en) | Semiconductor device, power generator, and electronic equipment provided with them | |
| WO2001020760A1 (en) | Piezoelectric power generator | |
| KR101090694B1 (en) | Hybrid power generater and method for manufacturing the same | |
| Gao et al. | Wearable power management system enables uninterrupted battery-free data-intensive sensing and transmission | |
| Collotta et al. | A self-powered bluetooth network for intelligent traffic light junction management | |
| Wu et al. | Modeling, design and optimization of hybrid electromagnetic and piezoelectric MEMS energy scavengers | |
| JP2000032732A (en) | Vibration-type generation device and self-generation device |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |