CN114759538A - Method for preventing switch overvoltage during reverse connection of photovoltaic group strings - Google Patents
Method for preventing switch overvoltage during reverse connection of photovoltaic group strings Download PDFInfo
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- CN114759538A CN114759538A CN202210070309.2A CN202210070309A CN114759538A CN 114759538 A CN114759538 A CN 114759538A CN 202210070309 A CN202210070309 A CN 202210070309A CN 114759538 A CN114759538 A CN 114759538A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H11/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result
- H02H11/002—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result in case of inverted polarity or connection; with switching for obtaining correct connection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H11/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result
- H02H11/006—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result in case of too high or too low voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
- H02S50/10—Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preventing overvoltage of a switch when photovoltaic modules are connected in series and in reverse, wherein each battery panel assembly is connected into a photovoltaic inverter circuit through different controllable tripping DC switches; and after the photovoltaic inverter controller controls the on-off of each controllable tripping DC switch to detect the connection fault of the cell panel assembly, the cell panel assembly is conducted to be connected into a circuit loop of the photovoltaic inverter. The power-on sequence of the controllable tripping DC switch is limited, whether each PV voltage is normal or not is detected after power-on, reverse connection and other conditions occur, the DC switch of a wrong connection circuit is locked through a controllable switch signal, and overvoltage and overcurrent risks caused by switch closing under the reverse connection condition are avoided. The reverse connection rear switch can be prevented from bearing twice PV voltage, and meanwhile, when the battery pack is in reverse connection, additional fuse wires or reverse diodes do not need to be added in a connecting circuit of each battery panel assembly, so that the method is effective and low in cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a new energy grid-connected power generation technology, in particular to a method for preventing switch overvoltage when photovoltaic sets are connected in a series-reverse mode.
Background
The solar photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system is one of important means for effectively utilizing new energy, solar grid-connected power generation is more and more emphasized, and the power generation mode is more and more common in practical application.
The photovoltaic cell panel assemblies with various mainstream specifications exist in the market at present, with the continuous promotion of power grades and the like, the corresponding requirements of a photovoltaic inverter are compatible with various types of cell panel assemblies, higher requirements are provided for the input part of a photovoltaic inverter group string, the processing power grade of each channel of a boosting module of a mainstream manufacturer is limited, the types of the modules are increased or the grade of the boosting module is improved, the cost is also increased greatly, so that the inverter manufacturer can maximally utilize the selected boosting module, different parallel paths are selected according to different component specifications, and the common mode is that 2 paths, 3 paths or multiple paths are input into one path of boosting channel in parallel.
The multi-path parallel input has the condition of one path of reverse connection and the short circuit output of the battery panel, under the condition of the reverse connection of the battery panel, the inverter needs to detect the reverse connection fault and stops, and simultaneously, the influence of the short circuit and the overcurrent of the battery string on the inverter can be safely cut off.
The inverter is compatible with different battery board assemblies, the input parts of the strings of the inverter are different, and the inverter is compatible with a plurality of common string input modes:
firstly, after two batteries are connected in parallel, the two batteries are input into a BOOST part (BOOST for short) through a DC switch K1, as shown in figure 1, the method cannot be compatible with various types of battery plate assemblies, and the battery plate is single in type selection;
secondly, after three sinks are connected in parallel, the DC switch K is used1Inputting a path of BOOST, as shown in fig. 2, if three sinks are adopted, a fuse needs to be added, because if the battery is connected in series reversely, twice short-circuit current is merged into the path connected reversely, and if the battery is not disconnected in time, the battery series is damaged by overcurrent, so that the fuse is generally considered to be added for protection;
similar 4-path or multi-path parallel input needs to consider adding fuse, diode and other protection devices, and meanwhile, the working current of the switch is correspondingly increased, and more severe requirements are provided for the type selection of the switch.
Thirdly, N are converged into one, and then are connected in parallel at the rear end of the switch to realize multi-path parallel input, as shown in figure 3, if PV (2N) is not connected, odd serial connection is realized, each group of serial connection mode is flexible, and the switch K can be well adapted to modules of various types, whereinNFor the Nth DC switch, a novel multipath Direct Current (DC) isolating switch with a tripping function is adopted, and a protective device such as a fuse wire or a diode can be omitted, so that the system cost is reduced.
In order to save cost and space, a multi-switch design is usually adopted for the photovoltaic inverter, that is, one switch body includes multiple sets of contacts, and multiple inputs are connected or disconnected simultaneously. As shown in fig. 4, 1 4-stage switch is usually connected to 2-way two-in-one pv string. If switch K in FIG. 3 is present1And K2Or KNOn the same switch body, one or more sets of contacts will withstand 2 times the PV voltage (3 kV for a 1500V photovoltaic system) when the switch body is closed or opened. For example, with N as 2, assuming PV4 is not accessed, switch K1And K2On the same switch body, if reverse connection of PV3 occurs, as shown in FIG. 5, switch K1The four-stage contact bears twice PV voltage when being switched off or switched on, which puts higher requirements on the performance and safety of the switch, once the switch cannot be normally switched off, a fuse or an anti-reverse device is required to be added from the functional safety perspective, and the corresponding cost is also increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the practical application of a novel multi-path Direct Current (DC) isolating switch with a tripping function, a method for preventing the overvoltage of the switch when a photovoltaic group string is reversely connected is provided, different two-junction one-group strings or single-group strings are ensured to be connected in through different controllable tripping DC switches, the power-on sequence of the controllable tripping DC switches is used for limiting, whether the PV voltage of each path is normal or not is detected after the power-on, the reverse connection and other conditions are generated, the DC switch of a wrong connection circuit is locked through a controllable switch signal, and the overvoltage and overcurrent risks caused by the switch-on of the switch under the reverse connection condition are avoided.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for preventing switch overvoltage during reverse connection of photovoltaic string sets is characterized in that a battery panel assembly is connected to a photovoltaic inverter in a string set mode of two strings and one string through different DC switches in sequence, and each BOOST in the photovoltaic inverter is connected to a battery panel assembly DC not exceeding 2 groups of DC switches.
Further, each BOOST allows no more than 4 photovoltaic strings to be accessed.
Further, when the number of the battery board assemblies is odd, the last odd battery board assembly is independently connected to the photovoltaic inverter through a DC switch.
Further, the DC switch is a multi-path direct current isolating switch with a trip.
Furthermore, the battery panel assembly is in a two-in-one group string, if one battery assembly is reversely connected, the group string is output by a constant current source, the port voltage is only reduced by a diode, the two-in-one battery panel assembly is in short circuit at the front end of the switch, the short-circuit current does not pass through the DC switch, and the photovoltaic inverter controller judges the reverse connection or the abnormity of the battery panel assembly according to internal sampling, so that the fault is positioned.
And further, the battery panel assembly is independently connected into the inverter, whether the battery panel assembly is reversely connected or not is judged by sampling the voltage or the current of the battery panel assembly at the front end of the DC switch, if the battery panel assembly is reversely connected, a corresponding DC switch locking command is sent out through the inverter controller, after the reverse connection fault is eliminated, the control command is cancelled, and the battery panel assembly is normally switched on and connected after manual reset.
Furthermore, the battery board assembly has no two times of short-circuit current which is converged into a corresponding DC switch by a group string of two-in-one connection, and the DC switch is configured according to the rated current of the connected group string.
Furthermore, the battery board assembly is connected with a circuit without a fuse or an anti-reverse diode.
Further, the photovoltaic inverter controller controls the power-on sequence of the DC switches to be limited, detects whether the series voltage of each circuit is normal after power-on, and locks the wrong circuit DC switch through a control switch signal if reverse connection occurs, so that overvoltage and overcurrent caused by reverse connection are avoided.
Further, the dead-locked DC switch can only be reset manually.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method is suitable for preventing the overvoltage of the switch when the photovoltaic cell panel string is reversely connected, can prevent the switch from bearing twice PV voltage after the components are reversely connected, does not need to additionally increase a fuse wire or an anti-reverse diode in a connecting circuit of each group of cell panel components, and is effective and low in cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a conventional inverter connected to different panel assemblies;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a conventional inverter connected to different panel assemblies;
FIG. 3 is a third schematic diagram of an embodiment of a conventional inverter connected to different panel assemblies;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a 4-pole switch connected to 2 strings of two-in-one photovoltaic cells;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the embodiment of FIG. 3 after a failure;
FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of the method for preventing overvoltage of the switch by reverse connection of the photovoltaic array series according to the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a short circuit condition implemented by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a second short-circuit condition implemented by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a circuit implementation diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic control flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Referring to fig. 6, the method for preventing the overvoltage of the switch by reversely connecting the photovoltaic strings is characterized in that the first group of the second group-first string (PV1/PV2) passes through a DC switch K1Access BOOST1The second group of the first group of the second group of the first group of the second group of the string (PV3/PV4) passes through another DC switch K2(and K)1Not on the same ontology) access to the BOOST2The photovoltaic strings are connected in turn, and similarly, the string (PV (4N-3)/PV (4N-2)) of the second group 2N-1 is passed through a DC switch K 2N-1Access BOOSTNThe 2N second-to-first string (PV (4N-1)/PV (4N)) is passed through a DC switch K2NAccess BOOSTNAnd meanwhile, the DC switch with the odd serial number and the DC switch with the even serial number are not on the same switch body, namely the DC switch with the odd serial number and the DC switch with the even serial number are respectively controlled independently, and only the odd serial number switch or the even serial number switch is allowed to be switched on simultaneously during power-on, but not the odd serial number switch and the even serial number switch. Each BOOST can allow no more than 4 photovoltaic group strings to be accessed, the specific number can be flexibly configured according to the specification of the components and field application, the two-in-one group strings can also be accessed in a single group string, the group string input of the components of various models can be better compatible, meanwhile, a fuse or an anti-reverse device is not required to be added, and theoretically, only 2 DC switch bodies which are independently controlled are required.
Taking the 1-way BOOST as an example, when the reserved PV4 is not accessed, as shown in fig. 7, different control switches K are used for PV1/2 and PV31And K2And accessing, considering the reverse short circuit output condition of each battery string and corresponding solving measures.
Case 1: if the PV1 or PV2 has reverse connection, the short circuit loop shown in figure 8 is simplified similarly, the photovoltaic cell panel can be equivalently connected in parallel by a current source and a diode (the influence of line impedance and leakage current impedance is ignored), a certain photocurrent is generated after the solar cell is illuminated, one part of the photocurrent is used for canceling junction current, the other part of the photocurrent is supplied for load output, after the short circuit, the cell panel externally shows constant current source output, the voltage of a port is only dropped by the diode, and the short circuit current is two strings of cells because the two strings of cell panels are short-circuited at the front end of a switch Sum of plate short-circuit currents, but short-circuit current not passing through DC switch, switch K1After the inverter is switched on, an internal power supply of the inverter is established (normally, a plurality of BOOST units are arranged in the inverter, any BOOST unit has voltage, the internal power supply can be established, and even if a single BOOST access group is reversely connected, the establishment of the internal power supply cannot be influenced), and the control unit can judge the reverse connection or abnormity of the battery plate (each BOOST unit in the inverter has voltage/current sampling) according to internal sampling, so that faults are positioned.
Case 2: if a single PV3 appears reverse, the short circuit is similarly simplified as shown in FIG. 9, compared to FIG. 5 if DC switch K1And K2Meanwhile, when the switch is switched on, 2 times of PV voltage is borne by a 4-stage contact, and two times of short-circuit current flows into PV3, a fuse is required to be added for protection, but two independent DC switches K are adopted in figure 91And K2Limiting the power-up sequence to only close K first1At K1After the inverter is closed and the internal power supply is powered on, detecting whether the voltage/current of the PV3 is normal or not, and if not, locking K through a switch control signal2After the PV3 is normally connected, the K can be closed after manual reset2Therefore, the phenomenon of short-circuit current flowing into the PV3 is not generated.
The invention provides a simple and effective scheme for adapting to each battery board assembly aiming at a photovoltaic inverter string input mode, the power-on sequence of a controllable tripping DC switch is limited, whether each path of PV voltage is normal or not is detected after power-on, the conditions of reverse connection and the like are generated, the wrong wiring path DC switch is locked through a controllable switch signal, and the overvoltage and overcurrent risks caused by switch-on of the switch under the condition of reverse connection are avoided.
Taking 1 way BOOST as an example to illustrate the implementation of the specific scheme, as shown in fig. 10, first, a way of BOOST is correspondingly connected to a switch K of a first photovoltaic string1When the inverter is closed, a plurality of BOOST units are arranged in the inverter under normal conditions, any one BOOST unit has voltage, the internal power supply can be established, and even if the individual BOOST access group strings are connected in reverse, the establishment of the internal power supply cannot be influenced. After the internal power supply is established, whether the PV1/PV2 is reversely connected or not is judged, if the PV1/PV2 is reversely connected, fault elimination is carried out, if the PV is normal, the inverter can judge through the sampling voltage/current of the PV3If the PV3 is reversely connected, the corresponding switch K of PV3 is only needed2And a voltage or current sampling branch can be added at the front end (close to the component side). If the PV3 voltage sampling polarity is opposite, the reverse connection is judged, and a tripping command is sent out through an inverter internal controller to lock K2After reverse connection fault is eliminated, the control instruction is cancelled, and the normal switch-on K can be realized only by manual reset2。
The related control logic flow is shown in fig. 11, the controller CTR adopts an MCU control chip inside the inverter, and after the power supply inside the inverter is established, the voltage and current of each string can be detected, and the string detection circuit can detect the voltage and current at the front end of the DC switch.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is specific and detailed, but not to be understood as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preventing switch overvoltage during reverse connection of photovoltaic strings is characterized in that a battery panel assembly is connected to a photovoltaic inverter in a two-in-one string mode through different DC switches in sequence, and each BOOST in the photovoltaic inverter is connected to a battery panel assembly of no more than 2 groups of DC switches.
2. The method for preventing the overvoltage of the switch in the reverse connection of the photovoltaic string as claimed in claim 1, wherein each BOOST allows no more than 4 photovoltaic strings to be connected.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein when the number of cell plate assemblies is odd, the last odd cell plate assembly is connected to the pv inverter through a DC switch alone.
4. The method for preventing the overvoltage of the switch when the photovoltaic string is reversely connected according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the DC switch is a multichannel DC isolating switch with a trip.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the battery board assembly is a two-in-one string, such as one of the battery assemblies is connected in reverse, the string is output from a constant current source, the voltage at the port is only a diode drop, the two-in-one battery board assemblies are short-circuited at the front end of the switch, the short-circuited current does not pass through the DC switch, and the photovoltaic inverter controller determines whether the battery board assembly is connected in reverse or abnormal according to internal sampling, thereby locating the fault.
6. The method for preventing the overvoltage of the switch during the reverse connection of the photovoltaic string as claimed in claim 3, wherein the battery board assembly is separately connected to the inverter, the voltage or the current of the battery board assembly at the front end of the DC switch is sampled to determine whether the battery board assembly is connected reversely, if the battery board assembly is connected reversely, the inverter controller sends a command for locking the corresponding DC switch, the control command is cancelled after the reverse connection fault is eliminated, and the battery board assembly is normally switched on after manual reset.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the panel assembly sinks a corresponding DC switch with a string of two strings without twice the short circuit current, the DC switch configured to the rated current of the connected string.
8. The method for preventing the overvoltage of the switch during the reverse connection of the photovoltaic string according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7, wherein a fuse or an anti-reverse diode is not arranged in a connection circuit of the solar panel assembly.
9. The method for preventing the overvoltage of the switch during the reverse connection of the photovoltaic string as claimed in claim 7, wherein the photovoltaic inverter controller controls the power-on sequence of the DC switch to be limited, and after power-on, the DC switch of the wrong connection line is locked by controlling the switch signal to prevent the overvoltage and overcurrent from occurring during the reverse connection by detecting whether the voltage of each line of the string is normal or not.
10. The method for preventing overvoltage of switch in reverse connection of pv strings as claimed in claim 8, wherein said dead-locked DC switch is only manually reset.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210070309.2A CN114759538A (en) | 2022-01-21 | 2022-01-21 | Method for preventing switch overvoltage during reverse connection of photovoltaic group strings |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210070309.2A CN114759538A (en) | 2022-01-21 | 2022-01-21 | Method for preventing switch overvoltage during reverse connection of photovoltaic group strings |
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| CN202210070309.2A Pending CN114759538A (en) | 2022-01-21 | 2022-01-21 | Method for preventing switch overvoltage during reverse connection of photovoltaic group strings |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115313551A (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2022-11-08 | 深圳市爱协生科技股份有限公司 | Battery charging protection chip and battery device |
| CN115313551B (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2024-04-30 | 深圳市爱协生科技股份有限公司 | Battery charging protection chip and battery device |
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