CN114583666A - Voltage distribution method for vacuum mechanical switch and gas mechanical switch - Google Patents
Voltage distribution method for vacuum mechanical switch and gas mechanical switch Download PDFInfo
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- CN114583666A CN114583666A CN202011387868.3A CN202011387868A CN114583666A CN 114583666 A CN114583666 A CN 114583666A CN 202011387868 A CN202011387868 A CN 202011387868A CN 114583666 A CN114583666 A CN 114583666A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/22—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices
- H02H7/222—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices for switches
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]
Abstract
The invention provides a voltage distribution method for a vacuum mechanical switch and a gas mechanical switch, wherein a first fracture C is arranged between a static contact and a moving contact of the vacuum mechanical switchFracture 1A second fracture C is arranged between the static contact and the moving contact of the gas mechanical switchFracture 2The voltage distribution method comprises the following steps: calculating the first fracture C under different opening distancesFracture 1And said second discontinuity CFracture 2Building an equivalent capacitance model; designing an RC voltage distribution circuit; at the first fracture CFracture 1And said second discontinuity CFracture 2Are all connected in parallel with the RC voltage distribution circuit. The invention realizes the series voltage distribution of the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch through the RC circuit, has simple and reliable method, can realize the reliable series voltage configuration of the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch, further prevents the mechanical switch from being struck by transient recovery voltage after arc caused by unreasonable voltage distribution, and ensures the reliable on-off of the hybrid direct current circuit breaker.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of direct current breakers, one of key devices of a direct current power grid, and particularly relates to a voltage distribution method for a vacuum mechanical switch and a gas mechanical switch.
Background
The flexible direct-current power grid has complex and various system main wiring structures and operation modes, so that the direct-current system has multiple fault modes, fast fault development and wide influence range. Therefore, a fault isolation technology of the flexible direct current power grid is urgently needed to ensure safe and reliable operation of the flexible direct current power grid. The direct current breaker is the most ideal choice for realizing direct current fault isolation in the direct current transmission and distribution system. Due to the quick on-off characteristic of the solid-state dc circuit breaker and the low loss characteristic of the mechanical dc circuit breaker, the hybrid dc circuit breaker becomes one of the main development directions of the high voltage dc circuit breaker.
For a natural current conversion type hybrid direct current circuit breaker (the topological structure is shown in fig. 1) with a vacuum mechanical switch and a gas mechanical switch connected in series, under the switching-off process and the steady-state condition, the phenomenon of uneven voltage distribution occurs due to different fracture distributed capacitances of the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a voltage distribution method for a vacuum mechanical switch and a gas mechanical switch.
In the voltage distribution method of the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch, a first fracture C is arranged between a static contact and a moving contact of the vacuum mechanical switchFracture 1A second fracture C is arranged between the static contact and the moving contact of the gas mechanical switchFracture 2，
The voltage distribution method includes the steps of:
calculating the first fracture C under different opening distancesFracture 1And said second discontinuity CFracture 2The distributed capacitor of (2) builds equivalent electricityA volume model;
designing an RC voltage distribution circuit;
at the first fracture CFracture 1And said second discontinuity CFracture 2Are all connected in parallel with the RC voltage distribution circuit.
Further, in the present invention,
the distributed capacitance includes: the first fracture CFracture 1Distributed capacitance C of12The second fracture CFracture 2Distributed capacitance C of23The first fracture CFracture 1And a second discontinuity CFracture 2Of the overall distributed capacitance C13。
Further, in the present invention,
the first fracture C at rated opening distanceFracture 1And said second discontinuity CFracture 2The voltage distribution design is performed by the distributed capacitance.
Further, in the present invention,
the RC voltage distribution circuit comprises a voltage distribution capacitor C, a voltage distribution resistor R1 and a current limiting resistor R2,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the voltage distribution capacitor C and the current limiting resistor R2 form a voltage distribution series structure C-R2, and the voltage distribution series structure C-R2 is connected with the voltage distribution resistor R1 in parallel.
Further, in the present invention,
when the voltage distribution resistor R1 is designed, the constraints of heating power and the insulating capability of the circuit breaker are required to be met, and the time constant of the transition process is shortened.
Further, in the present invention,
setting the first fracture CFracture 1The voltage distribution resistor R1 has the size of R11, and a second break CFracture 2The voltage distribution resistor R1 is R12, the total steady-state pressure bearing of the double-fracture is U, and the first fracture CFracture 1The heating power of the voltage distribution resistor R1 is calculated by the formula
The second fracture CFracture 2The heating power of the voltage distribution resistor R1 is calculated by the formula
The insulating capability of the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch is characterized by off-state leakage current, and the expression of the off-state leakage current is
Further, in the present invention,
the design method of the voltage distribution capacitor C comprises the following steps: performing electromagnetic transient process simulation after the solid-state switch is switched on and off based on a series structure of the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch which are connected with the RC voltage distribution circuits in parallel, temporarily setting the value of the current limiting resistor R2, changing the values of the voltage distribution capacitors C in the two RC voltage distribution circuits, and calculating the voltage distribution coefficient and the first fracture C under different voltage distribution capacitor C combinationsFracture 1And a second discontinuity CFracture 2And selecting the first fracture CFracture 1And a second discontinuity CFracture 2Are combined in a voltage distribution capacitor C within respective withstand thresholds.
Further, in the present invention,
the value mode of the voltage distribution capacitor C can be selected from the voltage distribution capacitor C12、C23Equal, also can traverse two voltage distribution capacitances C of concern12、C23The value combination of (1).
Further, in the present invention,
and determining the value of the current limiting resistor R2 according to the value of the expected transient current of the voltage distribution capacitor C.
Further, in the present invention,
the transient current and the transient heating value of the voltage distribution capacitor C under the transient overvoltage are measured in a simulation mode to determine the value of the current limiting resistor R2,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and obtaining the value of the current limiting resistor R2 by modifying the value of the current limiting resistor R2 under the condition that the requirements of the transient current and the transient heating value are met.
The invention realizes the series voltage distribution of the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch through the RC circuit, has simple and reliable method, can realize the reliable series voltage distribution of the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch, further prevents the mechanical switch from being struck by transient recovery voltage after arc caused by unreasonable voltage distribution, and ensures the reliable on-off of the hybrid direct current circuit breaker.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 shows a topological structure diagram of a natural commutation type hybrid dc circuit breaker with a vacuum mechanical switch and a gas mechanical switch in series according to the prior art;
FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary diagram of a three-dimensional simulation computational model of a mechanical switch according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary graph of a dual-break series equivalent capacitance model in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 shows a topology diagram of an RC voltage distribution circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a topological structure diagram of a natural current-converting hybrid dc circuit breaker in which a vacuum mechanical switch and a gas mechanical switch are connected in series according to a voltage distribution method of the present invention. The natural commutation type hybrid direct current circuit breaker includes: the device comprises a main through-flow branch, a transfer branch and an energy absorption branch, wherein the main through-flow branch, the transfer branch and the energy absorption branch are connected in parallel. The main through-flow branch is formed by connecting a vacuum mechanical switch and a gas mechanical switch in series to form a series structure of the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch; the transfer branch is formed by connecting the bidirectional solid-state switch modules in series; the energy absorption branch consists of a Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV).
The invention relates to a voltage distribution method of a vacuum mechanical switch and a gas mechanical switch, which comprises the following steps:
A. firstly, three-dimensional simulation calculation models of the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch are respectively established. Fig. 2 is a model example of any one of the mechanical switches, namely, the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch, and it can be known from the model that the mechanical switch is arranged on a switch base, a moving contact is arranged on a repulsion mechanism box, and a fixed contact is opposite to the moving contact at intervals. The vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch are both provided with mechanical fractures (each mechanical fracture is composed of a moving contact and a fixed contact of the corresponding mechanical switch). In the model, the electrical connection sites of adjacent mechanical fractures are set to equal potentials. FIG. 3 shows an exemplary diagram of a dual-break series equivalent capacitance model of a vacuum mechanical switch and a gas mechanical switch in series, where CFracture 1And CFracture 2Mechanical breaks, C, in vacuum mechanical switches and gas mechanical switches, respectively12And C23Are respectively CFracture 1And CFracture 2Distributed capacitance of C13Is CFracture 1And CFracture 2The overall distributed capacitance of (2).
The modeling can be carried out only on the mechanical switch, or the modeling can be carried out by taking other components such as the lightning arrester, the solid-state switch and the like into consideration according to the actual whole structure, namely, the modeling can be carried out only on the main current branch, or the modeling can be carried out by combining the main current branch with the transfer branch and/or the energy absorption branch on the basis of the main current branch.
B. Calculating distributed capacitance C under different opening distances in three-dimensional calculation software12、C23And C13In fig. 3, in a general case, when an opening distance between a moving contact and a fixed contact of a mechanical switch reaches a rated opening distance, a fracture capacitance is minimum, and a voltage non-uniformity degree is maximum, and a voltage distribution design can be performed by using a distributed capacitance of a mechanical fracture at the opening distance. When the moving contact and the static contact of the mechanical switch reach a certain distance under a certain voltage and the mechanical switch is not subjected to heavy breakdown, the distance is a rated opening distance.
C. And designing an RC voltage distribution circuit, and connecting the RC voltage distribution circuit in parallel at a vacuum mechanical fracture and a gas mechanical fracture of the series equivalent capacitance model, wherein the topological structure is shown in figure 4. In the RC voltage distribution circuit shown in fig. 4, R1 is a voltage distribution resistor, C is a voltage distribution capacitor, and R2 is a current limiting resistor. The voltage distribution capacitor C and the current limiting resistor R2 form a voltage distribution series structure C-R2, and the voltage distribution series structure C-R2 is connected with the voltage distribution resistor R1 in parallel.
The voltage distribution resistor R1 is used for voltage distribution under the steady state condition, and the design principle is that under the condition that the constraints of heating power and the insulation capacity of the circuit breaker are met, the target value of the voltage distribution resistor R1 is not too large so as to shorten the time constant of the transition process. The target value of the voltage divider resistor R1 may be adjusted according to the particular vacuum mechanical switch and gas mechanical switch selected. The transition process refers to a transition process from the bearing of dynamic overvoltage (namely a capacitor voltage distribution stage) to the bearing of steady-state voltage (namely a resistor voltage distribution stage) when the fracture of the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch is in a switching-off state; is connected in parallel at a first fracture CFracture 1The voltage distribution resistor R1 has the size of R11 and is connected in parallel with the second break CFracture 2The voltage distribution resistor R1 is R12, and the total pressure of the double-break steady state of the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch is U. Then it is firstFracture CFracture 1The heating power of the voltage distribution resistor R1 is calculated by the formula
Second fracture CFracture 2The heating power of the voltage distribution resistor R1 is calculated by the formula
The upper limit constraint on the heating power can be obtained from the element handbook of resistors. The insulating capability of the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch is characterized by off-state leakage current, and the expression is
The constraints of the leakage current of the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch can be obtained from the technical parameter requirements of the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch.
The design method comprises the steps of carrying out electromagnetic transient process simulation after the solid-state switch is switched on and switched off based on a vacuum mechanical switch and gas mechanical switch series connection structure after the RC voltage distribution circuits are connected in parallel, temporarily setting the value of a current limiting resistor R2, changing the values of the voltage distribution capacitors C in the two RC voltage distribution circuits, and calculating the voltage distribution coefficient and a first fracture C under different voltage distribution capacitor C combinationsFracture 1And a second discontinuity CFracture 2And selecting a first fracture CFracture 1And a second discontinuity CFracture 2Are combined in a voltage distribution capacitor C within respective withstand thresholds.
Generally, after the medium recovery is finished, the maximum transient overvoltage that the gas fracture can bear is larger than that of the vacuum fracture, and this point needs to be considered when setting the overvoltage threshold.
The value mode of the voltage distribution capacitor C can be two voltage distribution capacitors C12、C23Equality, also two voltage distribution capacitors C can be traversed12、C23The value combination of (1).
Under the condition that the maximum transient overvoltage of each fracture does not exceed the rated withstand voltage, the voltage distribution capacitor is not excessively large. Because the larger the voltage distribution capacitor C is, the larger the transient current peak value thereof is, which is not only disadvantageous to the safety of the voltage distribution capacitor C, but also affects other devices of the dc circuit breaker.
After R1 and C are determined, a current limiting resistor R2 is finally determined, the current limiting resistor R2 is used for improving the problem that the transient current of the voltage distribution capacitor is too large, the larger R2 is, the smaller the transient current of the voltage distribution capacitor is, the value of the voltage distribution capacitor C can be determined through simulation according to the expected transient current of the voltage distribution capacitor C, and the simulation value taking process is as follows: on the premise that R1 and C are determined, a circuit model comprising a double-break equivalent capacitor network and a parallel voltage distribution circuit can be built in electromagnetic transient simulation software EMTDC. And (4) simulating and measuring the transient current and the transient heating value of the voltage distribution capacitor C under the transient overvoltage to be researched. The upper limit of the transient current can be referred to the element manual of the voltage distribution capacitor C, and the upper limit of the transient heating value can be referred to the element manual of R2. By modifying the value of R2, the value of the current limiting resistor R2 is obtained under the condition that the transient current and transient heating value requirements are met, because a larger current limiting resistor has a certain negative effect on the transient voltage distribution. The value of the current limiting resistor R2 can be adjusted according to the particular vacuum mechanical switch and gas mechanical switch selected.
The MOV limit voltage level 800kV of the 500kV hybrid direct current breaker determines the transient voltage peak value which needs to be borne, and the actual elements are customized according to the condition that the value is met.
4) When the current limiting resistor and the voltage distribution capacitor are selected, the voltage distribution coefficient is required to reach the standard, the transient current peak value of the voltage distribution capacitor is in a bearable range, and meanwhile, the current limiting resistor is required to consider that the energy absorption capacity meets the requirement of the transient heating function.
D. And performing simulation verification again on the finally determined parameters, and building a test platform to verify the simulation accuracy and the reliability of the voltage distribution circuit.
The voltage distribution method of the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch can prevent the breakdown of the transient recovery voltage after the arc on the mechanical switch and ensure the reliable on-off of the hybrid direct current circuit breaker.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A voltage distribution method for a vacuum mechanical switch and a gas mechanical switch is provided, wherein a first fracture C is arranged between a static contact and a moving contact of the vacuum mechanical switchFracture 1A second fracture C is arranged between the static contact and the moving contact of the gas mechanical switchFracture 2，
Characterized in that the voltage distribution method comprises the steps of:
calculating the first fracture C under different opening distancesFracture 1And said second discontinuity CFracture 2Building an equivalent capacitance model;
designing an RC voltage distribution circuit;
at the first fracture CFracture 1And said second discontinuity CFracture 2Are all connected in parallel with the RC voltage distribution circuit.
2. The voltage distribution method for vacuum mechanical switch and gas mechanical switch according to claim 1,
the distributed capacitance includes: the first fracture CFracture 1Distributed capacitance C of12The second fracture CFracture 2Distributed capacitance C of23The first fracture CFracture 1And a second discontinuity CFracture 2Of the overall distributed capacitance C13。
3. The voltage distribution method for vacuum mechanical switch and gas mechanical switch according to claim 2,
the first fracture C at rated opening distanceFracture 1And saidSecond fracture CFracture 2The voltage distribution design is performed by the distributed capacitance.
4. A method for voltage distribution between a vacuum mechanical switch and a gas mechanical switch according to any of claims 1 to 3,
the RC voltage distribution circuit comprises a voltage distribution capacitor C, a voltage distribution resistor R1 and a current limiting resistor R2,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the voltage distribution capacitor C and the current limiting resistor R2 form a voltage distribution series structure C-R2, and the voltage distribution series structure C-R2 is connected with the voltage distribution resistor R1 in parallel.
5. The voltage distribution method for vacuum mechanical switch and gas mechanical switch according to claim 4,
when the voltage distribution resistor R1 is designed, the constraints of heating power and the insulating capability of the circuit breaker are required to be met, and the time constant of the transition process is shortened.
6. The voltage distribution method for vacuum mechanical switch and gas mechanical switch according to claim 5,
setting the first fracture CFracture 1The voltage distribution resistor R1 has the size of R11, and a second break CFracture 2The voltage distribution resistor R1 is R12, the total steady-state pressure bearing of the double-fracture is U, and then the first fracture CFracture 1The heating power of the voltage distribution resistor R1 is calculated by the formula
The second fracture CFracture 2The heating power of the voltage distribution resistor R1 is calculated by the formula
The insulating capability of the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch is characterized by off-state leakage current, and the expression of the off-state leakage current is
7. The voltage distribution method for vacuum mechanical switch and gas mechanical switch according to claim 6,
the design method of the voltage distribution capacitor C comprises the following steps: performing electromagnetic transient process simulation after the solid-state switch is switched on and off based on a series structure of the vacuum mechanical switch and the gas mechanical switch which are connected with the RC voltage distribution circuits in parallel, temporarily setting the value of the current limiting resistor R2, changing the values of the voltage distribution capacitors C in the two RC voltage distribution circuits, and calculating the voltage distribution coefficient and the first fracture C under different voltage distribution capacitor C combinationsFracture 1And a second discontinuity CFracture 2And selecting the first fracture CFracture 1And a second discontinuity CFracture 2Are combined in voltage distribution capacitors C within respective withstand thresholds.
8. A method for voltage distribution between a vacuum mechanical switch and a gas mechanical switch according to claims 5-7,
the value mode of the voltage distribution capacitor C can be selected from the voltage distribution capacitor C12、C23Equal, also can traverse two voltage distribution capacitances C of concern12、C23The value combination of (1).
9. The voltage distribution method for vacuum mechanical switch and gas mechanical switch according to claim 8,
and determining the value of the current limiting resistor R2 according to the value of the expected transient current of the voltage distribution capacitor C.
10. The voltage distribution method for vacuum mechanical switch and gas mechanical switch according to claim 8,
the transient current and the transient heating value of the voltage distribution capacitor C under the transient overvoltage are measured in a simulation mode to determine the value of the current limiting resistor R2,
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
and obtaining the value of the current limiting resistor R2 by modifying the value of the current limiting resistor R2 under the condition that the requirements of the transient current and the transient heating value are met.
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