CN114567018A - Grid-connected inverter with multiple MPPT (maximum power point tracking) circuits and inverter control method - Google Patents
Grid-connected inverter with multiple MPPT (maximum power point tracking) circuits and inverter control method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/466—Scheduling the operation of the generators, e.g. connecting or disconnecting generators to meet a given demand
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/157—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with digital control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
- H02J2300/26—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a grid-connected inverter of multi-path MPPT and an inverter control method, which comprises a DC-AC converter, a plurality of DC-DC converters, a plurality of independent MPPT controllers and a centralized MPPT controller, wherein the plurality of DC-DC converters are electrically connected with the plurality of independent MPPT controllers and are in one-to-one correspondence, the plurality of independent MPPT controllers are used for controlling the input power of the DC-DC converters, the input ends of the plurality of DC-DC converters are coupled with a photovoltaic battery pack, the output ends of the plurality of DC-DC converters are mutually connected in parallel and are coupled with the input ends of the DC-AC converters, the centralized MPPT controller is electrically connected with the DC-AC converters, and the centralized MPPT controller is used for controlling the input power of the DC-AC converters and controlling the running state of the DC-DC converters; the output end of the DC-AC converter is used for outputting stable alternating voltage. The multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter has the effects of reducing the loss generated by the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter and improving the conversion efficiency of the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation inverters, in particular to a multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter and an inverter control method.
Background
Along with the development of society, people pay more and more attention to the development and the utilization of new energy, and solar energy is high in utilization value as a novel green energy and receives great attention. One of the ways of effectively utilizing solar energy resources is photovoltaic power generation, a photovoltaic power generation system is widely applied to life, and in order to improve the conversion efficiency in the photovoltaic power generation process, the photovoltaic power generation system must perform maximum power tracking control on the power generation process through an MPPT controller.
MPPT refers to maximum power point tracking, and the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter comprises a DC-AC converter and a plurality of DC-DC converters; the input end of each DC-DC converter is the input end of a multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter and is electrically connected with a photovoltaic battery pack in series; the output ends of the DC-AC converters are connected with each other and coupled to the input end of the DC-AC converter, and the output end of the DC-AC converter is the output end of the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter and is electrically connected with the AC power grid.
The existing multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter adopts two-stage conversion, a plurality of DC-DC converters at the front stage carry out DC-DC conversion on the output voltage of a photovoltaic battery string, and then DC-AC conversion is realized through the DC-AC converter, each DC-DC converter is connected with a corresponding independent MPPT controller, so that the DC-DC converter realizes independent MPPT.
However, after the multi-MPPT grid-connected inverter is started, a plurality of DC-DC converters and corresponding independent MPPT controllers operate, direct current voltage output by the photovoltaic battery pack changes along with changes of environmental factors such as illumination, temperature and the like, when the direct current voltage output by the photovoltaic battery pack is larger than the minimum working voltage of the DC-AC converter, the direct current voltage output by the photovoltaic battery pack is processed by the DC-DC converters to cause the loss of components and parts generated by voltage to be increased, and further the plurality of DC-DC converters generate larger loss of components and parts, so that the loss generated by the components and parts of the multi-MPPT grid-connected inverter is increased for each multi-MPPT, and the loss generated by the multi-MPPT grid-connected inverter is possibly larger than the loss generated by component mismatch, the conversion efficiency of the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is low, and therefore certain improvement space exists.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to reduce the loss generated by the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter and improve the conversion efficiency of the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter, the application provides the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter and an inverter control method.
In a first aspect, the application provides a grid-connected inverter with multiple MPPT channels, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a grid-connected inverter of multi-path MPPT (maximum power point tracking), comprises a DC-AC (direct current-to-alternating current) converter, a plurality of DC-DC converters, a plurality of independent MPPT controllers and a centralized MPPT controller, wherein the plurality of DC-DC converters are electrically connected with the plurality of independent MPPT controllers and correspond to the independent MPPT controllers one by one, the plurality of independent MPPT controllers are used for controlling the input power of the DC-DC converter, the input end of the plurality of DC-DC converters is coupled with a photovoltaic battery pack, the output ends of the plurality of DC-DC converters are mutually connected in parallel and are coupled with the input end of the DC-AC converter, the centralized MPPT controller is electrically connected with the DC-AC converter, and the centralized MPPT controller is used for controlling the input power of the DC-AC converter and controlling the running state of the DC-DC converter; the output end of the DC-AC converter is used for outputting a stable alternating voltage.
By adopting the technical scheme, the plurality of DC-DC converters are mutually connected in parallel to form first-stage conversion, the DC-AC converter forms second-stage conversion, and the plurality of DC-DC converters and the DC-AC converter enable the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter to form two-stage conversion, so that the loss of mismatch of components of the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is reduced; the DC-DC converter receives direct-current voltage output by the photovoltaic battery pack to realize conversion into constant direct-current voltage, the plurality of independent MPPT controllers detect the direct-current voltage and output current in the photovoltaic battery pack in real time, and when the voltage output by the photovoltaic battery pack is higher, the independent MPPT controllers track a maximum power point, so that the DC-DC converter continuously keeps the input power of the highest electric energy, and the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic battery pack is improved; the DC-AC converter receives direct current voltage output by the plurality of DC-DC converters, the direct current voltage is converted into alternating current voltage through the DC-AC converters, the centralized MPPT controller detects the input power of the DC-AC converters in real time, when the direct current voltage output by the DC-DC converters in operation is smaller than the working voltage of the DC-AC converters, namely the loss of components generated by the DC-DC converters is increased, the output power of the DC-AC converters is reduced, the centralized MPPT controller controls the DC-DC converters to stop operation, so that the loss generated by the components of the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is reduced, the loss generated by the components of the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is prevented from being larger than the loss of component mismatch, and further the conversion efficiency of the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter and the utilization rate of a photovoltaic battery pack are improved.
Preferably, the MPPT system further comprises a DSP processor and an MCU controller, wherein the DSP processor is used for collecting and processing information of the centralized MPPT controller, the MCU controller is used for controlling the plurality of DC-DC converters, the input end of the DSP processor is electrically connected to the centralized MPPT controller to collect information, the output end of the DSP processor is electrically connected to the input end of the MCU controller to output digital signals to the MCU controller, and the output end of the MCU controller is electrically connected to the plurality of DC-DC converters to output control signals to the plurality of DC-DC converters.
By adopting the technical scheme, the DSP processor is used for receiving parameter information in the centralized MPPT controller, processing the parameter information and outputting a digital signal to the MCU controller, the MCU controller is used for forming a control signal after receiving the digital signal and outputting the control signal to the plurality of DC-DC converters, when the centralized MPPT controller detects that the output power of the DC-AC converters is reduced, the DSP processor is used for acquiring detection information of the centralized MPPT controller, and the MCU controller is used for controlling the DC-DC converters to stop running, so that the loss generated by components of the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is reduced; when the centralized MPPT controller detects that the output power of the DC-AC converter is increased, the DSP processor receives parameter detection information of the centralized MPPT controller, and the MCU controller controls the DC-DC converter to continuously operate, so that the DC-AC converter outputs alternating voltage at the maximum power, and the utilization efficiency of the photovoltaic battery pack is improved.
Preferably, the plurality of DC-DC converters include a BOOST circuit, the BOOST circuit includes a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3, a first inductor L1, a first power switch Q1, and a first diode D1, one end of the first capacitor C1 is connected in series with the first inductor L1, the other end of the first capacitor C1 is coupled to an emitter of the first power switch Q1, a connection node between the first capacitor C1 and the first inductor L1 is a DC first input end, a connection node between the first capacitor C1 and the emitter of the first power switch Q1 is a DC second input end, and both the DC first input end and the DC second input end are coupled to the photovoltaic battery pack; the other end of the first inductor L1 is coupled to the anode of a first diode D1, the connection node between the anode of the first diode D1 and the first inductor L1 is coupled to the collector of the first power switch Q1, the cathode of the first diode D1 is coupled to a second capacitor C2, the other end of the second capacitor C2 is coupled to the emitter of the first power switch Q1, the third capacitor C3 is connected in parallel to the two ends of the second capacitor C2, the connection node between the first diode D1 and the second capacitor C2 is a first DC output terminal, the connection node between the second capacitor C2 and the emitter of the first power switch Q1 is a second DC output terminal, and the first DC output terminal and the second DC output terminal are both coupled to the DC-AC converter.
By adopting the technical scheme, the direct current voltage formed by the photovoltaic battery pack is output to the DC-DC converter through the first direct current input end and the second direct current input end, the filtering processing is carried out on the direct current voltage through the first capacitor C1, when the direct current voltage is input to the first power switch tube Q1, the first power switch tube Q1 is conducted, when the first power switch tube Q1 is conducted, the direct current voltage charges the first inductor L1 for energy storage, when the first power switch tube Q1 is cut off, the direct current voltage higher than the output voltage of the photovoltaic battery pack can be generated at the two ends of the first inductor L1, the second capacitor C2 is charged through the first diode D1, the boosted direct current voltage is formed at the two ends of the second capacitor C2, the boosted stable direct current voltage is formed through the filtering processing of the third capacitor C3 and is output to the DC-AC converter, so that the lower direct current voltage output by the photovoltaic battery pack is boosted, and outputting stable high direct current voltage.
Preferably, the DC-AC converter includes a fourth capacitor C4, a second power switch Q2, a third power switch Q3, a fourth power switch Q4, a fifth power switch Q5, a second inductor L2, and a third inductor L3, a collector of the second power switch Q2 is coupled to a collector of the third power switch Q3, and a connection node is coupled to the first DC output terminal, an emitter of the second power switch Q2 is coupled to a collector of the fourth power switch Q4, an emitter of the third power switch Q3 is coupled to a collector of the fifth power switch Q5, an emitter of the fourth power switch Q4 is coupled to an emitter of the fifth power switch Q5, and a connection node is coupled to the second DC output terminal, a connection node between the second power switch Q2 and the fourth power switch Q4 is coupled to the second L2, and a terminal 4 of the second inductor L2 is coupled to the second DC output terminal, the connection node between the third power switch Q3 and the fifth power switch Q5 is coupled to a third inductor L3, the other end of the third inductor L3 is coupled to the other end of a fourth capacitor C4, the connection node between the second inductor L2 and the fourth capacitor C4 is a first ac output end, the connection node between the third inductor L3 and the fourth capacitor C4 is a second ac output end, and the first ac output end and the second ac output end are both coupled to a city ac power grid.
By adopting the technical scheme, the high direct current voltage output by the DC-DC converter is subjected to inversion conversion processing through the second power switch tube Q2, the third power switch tube Q3, the fourth power switch tube Q4 and the fifth power switch tube Q5 to form alternating current voltage, the alternating current voltage is subjected to boosting processing through the second inductor L2 and the third inductor L3 to form boosted alternating current voltage, filtering processing is performed through the fourth capacitor C4, and the stable high alternating current voltage is output to a commercial alternating current power grid, so that the functions of converting the direct current into the alternating current and boosting are realized.
Preferably, the DC-DC converters are respectively connected in parallel with a bypass switch branch, the bypass switch branch includes a relay, one end of the bypass switch branch is coupled to a connection node between the input end of the DC-DC converter and the photovoltaic battery pack, and the other end of the bypass switch branch is coupled to a connection node between the output end of the DC-DC converter and the DC-AC converter.
By adopting the technical scheme, the photovoltaic power supply can be changed along with the change of the environmental conditions of the illumination lamp and the temperature lamp
When the direct current voltage output by the photovoltaic battery pack is larger than the working voltage of the DC-AC converter, the loss generated by the voltage output by the photovoltaic battery pack after being processed by the DC-DC converter is increased, so that the loss of components generated in the DC-DC converter is larger than the loss of component mismatch, the MCU controller controls the DC-DC converter to stop running, a relay in a bypass switch branch is electrified, closed and conducted to switch into a bypass switch branch working mode, the loss generated by the direct current voltage output by the bypass switch branch is reduced, the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic battery pack is prevented from being reduced, the utilization efficiency of the photovoltaic battery pack is further improved, meanwhile, the bypass switch branch prevents the photovoltaic battery pack from being burnt out due to overhigh output voltage by using the relay, the photovoltaic power generation system can be protected, and the safety of the photovoltaic power generation system is improved.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for controlling a multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a control method of a multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter comprises the following steps:
acquiring the output power P0 of the photovoltaic battery pack;
controlling at least one DC-DC converter in the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter to start and operate;
acquiring input power P1 of a DC-AC converter in a multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter in the current operation;
according to the comparison between the output power P0 and the input power P1, whether the loss of components generated by the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is larger than the mismatch loss of components is judged;
if the loss of the component is larger than the mismatch loss of the component, the MCU controller generates a control instruction;
and controlling the DC-DC converter in the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter to convert the running state based on the control instruction.
By adopting the technical scheme, the output power PO of the photovoltaic battery pack is obtained in real time, the output power P0 of the photovoltaic battery pack can be changed along with the influence of environmental factors such as illumination, temperature and the like, after the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is started and operated, the input power P1 of a DC-AC converter in the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is obtained in real time, the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter adopts two-stage conversion, the mismatch loss of components is effectively reduced by the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter, the loss condition of the components generated in the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is judged by comparing the output power P0 with the input power P1, if the loss of the components is greater than the mismatch loss of the components, a control instruction is generated by an MCU controller, the DC-DC converter in the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is controlled to convert the operation state, so as to reduce the loss of the components, and the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter can ensure the maximum power output, the conversion efficiency of the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is improved.
The present application may be further configured in a preferred example to: after judging whether the loss of the components generated by the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is greater than the loss of the mismatch of the components or not according to the comparison between the output power P0 and the input power P1, the method further comprises the following steps:
if the loss of the component is less than the mismatch loss of the component, the MCU controller generates a maintenance operation instruction;
and controlling a DC-DC converter in the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter to maintain the operation state based on the operation maintaining instruction.
By adopting the technical scheme, under the condition that the loss of components is less than the mismatch loss of the components, correspondingly, the MCU controller generates a control instruction for maintaining operation and outputs the control instruction to the DC-DC converters in the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter, so that the DC-DC converters are kept in the operation state, the conversion efficiency of the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is not influenced, the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is ensured to be in the working state of the highest output power, and the utilization efficiency of the photovoltaic battery pack is improved.
The present application may be further configured in a preferred example to: whether the loss of components generated by the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is larger than the loss of mismatch of components or not is judged according to the comparison between the output power P0 and the input power P1, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
judging whether the input power P1 is smaller than the output power P0;
if the input power P1 is smaller than the output power P0, the loss of components generated by the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is larger than the loss of mismatch of components;
and if the input power P1 is greater than the output power P0, determining that the loss of components generated by the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is less than the mismatch loss of components.
By adopting the technical scheme, the loss condition of the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is judged through the comparison and judgment of the power P1 and the power P0, the running state of the DC-DC converter is further controlled through the loss condition generated by the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter, and the reduction of the conversion efficiency of the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is further prevented.
The present application may be further configured in a preferred example to: the controlling, based on the control instruction, a DC-DC converter in the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter to convert an operation state specifically includes:
according to the control instruction, a relay in a bypass switch branch is controlled to be closed, and the bypass switch branch is conducted;
and according to the control instruction, the centralized MPPT controller controls the DC-DC converter to stop running.
By adopting the technical scheme, the DC-DC converter stops running and converts the voltage output by the photovoltaic battery pack into the voltage output by the bypass switch branch circuit to work, and the loss of components generated by the photovoltaic battery pack passing through the bypass switch branch circuit is less than the loss of components generated by the DC-DC converter, so that the loss of the components generated by accumulation of the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is effectively reduced, the loss of the components is less than the mismatch loss of the components, and the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter keeps the maximum power output.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the multiple DC-DC converters and the DC-AC converters enable the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter to form two-stage conversion, and loss of mismatch of components of the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is reduced;
2. the method comprises the steps that output power parameter information of a multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is detected and received in real time through a DSP processor, a digital signal is formed and output to an MCU controller, a control signal is output to a DC-DC converter through the MCU controller, the running state of the DC-DC converter is controlled, the working mode of the DC-DC converter is controlled, the DC-AC converter outputs alternating voltage with the maximum power, the conversion efficiency of the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is improved, and the utilization efficiency of a photovoltaic battery pack is improved;
3. the bypass switch branch circuits are connected in parallel through the plurality of DC-DC converters, when the loss of components generated in the DC-DC converters is larger than the loss of component mismatch, the MCU controller controls the DC-DC converters to stop running and switch to the bypass switch branch circuit working mode, the bypass switch branch circuits are conducted, the loss generated by the direct current voltage output by the bypass switch branch circuits is reduced, the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic battery pack is prevented from being reduced, and the utilization efficiency of the photovoltaic battery pack is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter according to the present application.
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a DC-DC converter in an embodiment of a multi-MPPT grid-connected inverter of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a DC-AC converter in an embodiment of a multi-MPPT grid-connected inverter of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a method for controlling a multi-MPPT grid-connected inverter according to the present application.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an implementation of step S30 in an embodiment of the control method for multiple MPPT grid-connected inverters according to the present application.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart of an implementation after step S40 in an embodiment of the control method for the multi-MPPT grid-connected inverter according to the present application.
Fig. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an implementation of step S60 in an embodiment of the control method for the multi-MPPT grid-connected inverter according to the present application.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a DC-DC converter; 2. a DC-AC converter; 3. an independent MPPT controller; 4. a centralized MPPT controller; 5. a DSP processor; 6. an MCU controller; 7. bypassing the switch branch.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is further described in detail with reference to fig. 1-7.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the present application provides a multi-way MPPT grid-connected inverter.
A multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter comprises a DC-AC converter 2, a plurality of DC-DC converters 1, a plurality of independent MPPT controllers 3 which are electrically connected with the DC-DC converters 1 and correspond to one another one by one, a centralized MPPT controller 4, a DSP processor 5 and an MCU controller 6. The independent MPPT controllers 3 are configured to detect input power of the DC-DC converters 1, input terminals of the DC-DC converters 1 are respectively coupled to the photovoltaic battery pack to receive a voltage output by the photovoltaic battery pack, and output terminals of the DC-DC converters 1 are connected in parallel and then coupled to an input terminal of the DC-AC converter 2. The centralized MPPT converter is electrically connected to the DC-AC converter 2, and the centralized MPPT controller 4 is configured to detect an input power of the DC-AC converter 2 and control an operation state of the DC-DC converter 1. The output of the DC-AC converter 2 outputs a stable AC voltage into the AC grid.
The input end of DSP processing is electrically connected with the centralized MPPT controller 4, the DSP processor 5 is used for collecting the parameter information of the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter and carrying out digital processing on the parameter information, and the output end of the DSP processor 5 is electrically connected with the input end of the MCU controller 6 to output digital signals to the MCU controller 6. The output end of the MCU controller 6 is electrically connected to the plurality of DC-DC converters 1 to output a control signal to the plurality of DC-DC converters 1.
The DC-DC converter 1 is connected in parallel with a bypass switch branch 7, the bypass switch branch 7 is specifically a relay, except for this embodiment, the bypass switch branch 7 may also be a diode and an MOS transistor, one end of the bypass switch branch 7 is coupled to a connection node between the input end of the DC-DC converter 1 and the photovoltaic battery pack, and the other end of the bypass switch branch 7 is coupled to the output end of the DC-DC converter 1.
Referring to fig. 2, the plurality of DC-DC converters 1 include a BOOST circuit, the BOOST circuit includes a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3, a first inductor L1, a first power switch Q1, and a first diode D1, one end of the first capacitor C1 is connected in series to the first inductor L1, the other end of the first capacitor C1 is coupled to an emitter of the first power switch Q1, a connection node between the first capacitor C1 and the first inductor L1 serves as a DC first input end, a connection node between the first capacitor C1 and the first power switch Q1 serves as a DC second input end, and the DC first input end and the DC second input end are both coupled to the photovoltaic battery pack to receive DC voltage. The other end of the first inductor L1 is coupled to the collector of the first power switch Q1, the connection node between the first inductor L1 and the first power switch Q1 is coupled to the anode of the first diode D1, the cathode of the first diode D1 is coupled to the second capacitor C2, the other end of the second capacitor C2 is coupled to the emitter of the first power switch Q1, the third capacitor C3 is connected in parallel to the two ends of the second capacitor C2, the connection node between the first diode D1 and the second capacitor C2 serves as a first DC output terminal, the connection node between the second capacitor C2 and the first power switch Q1 serves as a second DC output terminal, and the first DC output terminal and the second DC output terminal are both coupled to the DC-AC converter 2.
Referring to fig. 3, the DC-AC converter 2 includes a fourth capacitor C4, a second power switch Q2, a third power switch Q3, a fourth power switch Q4, a fifth power switch Q5, a second inductor L2, and a third inductor L3. The collector of the second power switch Q2 is coupled to the collector of the third power switch Q3, and the connection node is coupled to the first dc output terminal, the emitter of the second power switch Q2 is coupled to the collector of the fourth power switch Q4, the emitter of the third power switch Q3 is coupled to the collector of the fifth power switch Q5, and the emitter of the fourth power switch Q4 is coupled to the emitter of the fifth power switch Q5, and the connection node is coupled to the second dc output terminal. One end of a second inductor L2 is coupled to a connection node between the second power switch Q2 and the fourth power switch Q4, one end of a third inductor L3 is coupled to a connection node between the third power switch Q3 and the fifth power switch Q5, the other end of the second inductor L2 is coupled to a fourth capacitor C4, the other end of the fourth capacitor C4 is coupled to the other end of the third inductor L3, the connection node between the second inductor L2 and the fourth capacitor C4 serves as a first ac output terminal, and the connection node between the third inductor L3 and the fourth capacitor C4 serves as a second ac output terminal.
The working principle of the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter in the embodiment of the application is as follows:
the plurality of DC-DC converters 1 are connected in parallel to form first-stage conversion, the DC-AC converter 2 forms second-stage conversion, so that the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter adopts two-stage change, and the loss caused by component mismatch in the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is reduced;
the DC-DC converter 1 receives direct current voltage output by the photovoltaic battery pack through a first direct current input end and a second direct current input end, the direct current voltage is subjected to filtering processing through a first capacitor C1, when the direct current voltage is input to a first power switch tube Q1, a first power switch tube Q1 is conducted, when a first power switch tube Q1 is conducted, the direct current voltage charges a first inductor L1 for energy storage, when a first power switch tube Q1 is cut off, direct current voltage higher than the output voltage of the photovoltaic battery pack is generated at two ends of a first inductor L1, a second capacitor C2 is charged through a first diode D1, boosted direct current voltage is formed at two ends of a second capacitor C2, filtering processing is carried out through a third capacitor C3 to form boosted stable direct current voltage which is output to the DC-AC converter 2, and low direct current voltage output by the photovoltaic battery pack is boosted, outputting stable high direct current voltage;
the independent MPPT controllers 3 detect direct-current voltage and output current in the photovoltaic battery pack in real time, when the voltage output by the photovoltaic battery pack is higher, the independent MPPT controllers 3 track a maximum power point, so that the DC-DC converter 1 continuously keeps the input power of the highest electric energy, and the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic battery pack is improved.
The DC-AC converter 2 receives the direct current voltage output by the DC-DC converters 1, the direct current voltage is subjected to inversion conversion processing through a second power switch tube Q2, a third power switch tube Q3, a fourth power switch tube Q4 and a fifth power switch tube Q5 to form alternating current voltage, the alternating current voltage is subjected to boosting processing through a second inductor L2 and a third inductor L3 to form boosted alternating current voltage, filtering processing is performed through a fourth capacitor C4 to output stable high alternating current voltage, the centralized MPPT controller 4 detects the input power of the DC-AC converter 2 in real time, when the direct current voltage output by the running DC-DC converter 1 is smaller than the working voltage of the DC-AC converter 2, namely the loss of components generated by the DC-DC converter 1 is increased, the output power of the DC-AC converter 2 is reduced, the detection information of the centralized MPPT controller 4 is collected through the DSP processor 5, the MCU controller 6 controls the DC-DC converter 1 to stop running, so that the loss generated by components of the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is reduced; when the centralized MPPT controller 4 detects that the output power of the DC-AC converter 2 is increased, the DSP processor 5 receives parameter detection information of the centralized MPPT controller 4, and the MCU controller 6 controls the DC-DC converter 1 to continuously operate, so that the DC-AC converter 2 outputs alternating voltage with the maximum power, the conversion efficiency of the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is improved, and the utilization rate of the photovoltaic battery pack is improved.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the present application further discloses a control method of a multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter, which specifically includes the following steps:
s10: acquiring the output power P0 of the photovoltaic battery pack;
in the present embodiment, the output power P0 can be acquired by the independent MPPT controller 3.
Specifically, since the direct-current input end of the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is the input end of the DC-DC converter 1, the output power PO of the photovoltaic cell set is the input power of the DC-DC converter 1, and the independent MPPT controller 3 can obtain the input power of the DC-DC converter 1, so that the independent MPPT controller 3 can obtain the output power P0.
S20: controlling at least one DC-DC converter in the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter to start and operate;
in this embodiment, when the output power of the photovoltaic battery pack is obtained as P0, the centralized MPPT controller 4 may control to operate at least one DC-DC converter 1 in the multiple MPPT grid-connected inverters, so that the multiple MPPT grid-connected inverters form a two-stage conversion.
Specifically, the centralized MPPT controller 4 may control to operate one DC-DC converter 1, and may also control to operate a plurality of DC-DC converters 1, which is not limited herein.
S30: acquiring input power P1 of a DC-AC converter in a multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter in the current operation;
specifically, in the present embodiment, the input power of DC-AC converter 2 is detected and obtained by centralized MPPT controller 4.
S40: according to the comparison between the power P0 and the power P1, whether the loss of components generated by the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is larger than the mismatch loss of components is judged;
in the present embodiment, the power P0 acquired by the independent MPPT controller 3 and the centralized MPPT controller 4 both transmit the detected acquired power P1 to the DSP processor 5, and the power P0 is compared with the power P1 by the DSP processor 5.
Specifically, based on the comparison result of the DSP processor 5, the loss condition of the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is determined.
S50: if the loss of the component is larger than the mismatch loss of the component, the MCU controller generates a control instruction;
specifically, in this embodiment, when the loss of components generated by the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is greater than the loss due to mismatch of components, the DSP processor 5 outputs a digital signal to the MCU controller 6, and the MCU controller 6 generates a control instruction for the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter when receiving the digital signal.
S60: and controlling the DC-DC converter in the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter to convert the running state based on the control instruction.
In the present embodiment, the MCU controller 6 outputs a control command to the centralized MPPT controller 4, and the centralized MPPT controller 4 controls the operation state of the DC-DC converter 1 in the multi-MPPT grid-connected inverter according to the control command.
Specifically, the centralized MPPT controller 4 controls the operation state conversion of the DC-DC converter 1, and can adjust the conversion efficiency of the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, in step S40, that is, comparing the power P0 with the power P1, the determining whether the component loss generated by the multi-way MPPT grid-connected inverter is greater than the component mismatch loss specifically includes:
s401: judging whether the input power P1 is smaller than the output power P0;
s402: if the input power P1 is smaller than the output power P0, the loss of components generated by the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is larger than the mismatch loss of components;
s403: and if the input power P1 is greater than the output power P0, determining that the loss of the components generated by the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is less than the mismatch loss of the components.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the DSP processor 5 may determine whether the power P1 is less than the power P0, and the comparison between the power P1 and the power P0 is to compare the voltage received by the DC-AC converter 2 with the voltage output by the photovoltaic cell panel, and when the power P1 is less than the power P0, that is, the voltage received by the DC-AC converter 2 is less than the voltage output by the photovoltaic cell panel, it indicates that after the operation processing of the DC-DC converter 1, the voltage received by the DC-AC converter 2 is reduced, that is, the loss of components generated in the multi-way MPPT grid-connected inverter is higher than the loss due to component mismatch, so that the conversion efficiency of the multi-way MPPT grid-connected inverter is reduced.
Further, when the power P1 is greater than P0, that is, the voltage received by the DC-AC converter 2 is greater than the voltage output by the photovoltaic cell panel, it indicates that after the DC-DC converter 1 operates, the voltage output by the photovoltaic cell panel is boosted, so that the voltage received by the DC-AC converter 2 is increased, the output power of the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter can be increased, the conversion efficiency of the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is improved, and the utilization efficiency of the photovoltaic cell group is increased.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, after step S40, the method further includes the steps of:
s41: if the loss of the component is less than the mismatch loss of the component, the MCU controller generates a maintenance operation instruction;
s42: and controlling a DC-DC converter in the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter to maintain the operation state based on the operation maintaining instruction.
In this embodiment, when the power P1 is greater than the power P0, which indicates that the operation of the DC-DC converter 1 improves the conversion efficiency of the multi-MPPT grid-connected inverter, the MCU generates a maintenance operation instruction to be output to the centralized MPPT controller 4, and the centralized MPPT controller 4 controls the DC-DC converter 1 to continuously operate.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, in step S60, that is, based on the control command, controlling the DC-DC converters in the multiple MPPT grid-connected inverters to switch the operation state specifically includes:
s601: according to the control instruction, a relay in a bypass switch branch is controlled to be closed, and the bypass switch branch is conducted;
s602: and according to the control instruction, the centralized MPPT controller controls the DC-DC converter to stop running.
In the present embodiment, the control instruction includes controlling the relay to close and controlling the DC-DC converter 1 to stop operating.
Specifically, when the power P1 is smaller than the power P0, the MCU controller 6 outputs a control command, the relay in the bypass switch branch 7 is powered on and is in a closed state, the bypass switch branch 7 is turned on, and the loss of the components generated by the voltage output by the photovoltaic battery pack passing through the bypass switch branch 7 is smaller than the loss of the components generated by the DC-DC converter 1, so that the loss of the components generated by the multi-MPPT grid-connected inverter is effectively reduced.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not substantially depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present application and are intended to be included within the scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. The grid-connected inverter of multichannel MPPT its characterized in that: comprises a DC-AC converter (2), a plurality of DC-DC converters (1), a plurality of independent MPPT controllers (3) and a centralized MPPT controller (4), the plurality of DC-DC converters are electrically connected with the plurality of independent MPPT controllers (3) and correspond to each other one by one, the independent MPPT controllers (3) are used for controlling the input power of the DC-DC converter (1), the input ends of the plurality of DC-DC converters (1) are coupled with a photovoltaic battery pack, the output ends of the plurality of DC-DC converters (1) are connected in parallel with each other and are coupled with the input end of the DC-AC converter (2), the centralized MPPT controller (4) is electrically connected with the DC-AC converter (2), the centralized MPPT controller (4) is used for controlling the input power of the DC-AC converter (2) and controlling the running state of the DC-DC converter (1); the output end of the DC-AC converter (2) is used for outputting stable alternating voltage.
2. The grid-connected inverter with multi-path MPPT of claim 1, wherein: the MPPT system is characterized by further comprising a DSP (digital signal processor) 5 and an MCU (microprogrammed control unit) controller 6, wherein the DSP 5 is used for collecting and processing information of the centralized MPPT controller 4, the MCU controller 6 is used for controlling the plurality of DC-DC converters 1, the input end of the DSP 5 is electrically connected to the centralized MPPT controller 4 to collect the information, the output end of the DSP 5 is electrically connected to the input end of the MCU controller 6 to output digital signals to the MCU controller 6, and the output end of the MCU controller 6 is electrically connected to the plurality of DC-DC converters 1 to output control signals to the plurality of DC-DC converters 1.
3. The grid-connected inverter of multi-path MPPT of claim 2, wherein: the plurality of DC-DC converters (1) comprise a BOOST BOOST circuit, the BOOST BOOST circuit comprises a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3, a first inductor L1, a first power switch tube Q1 and a first diode D1, one end of the first capacitor C1 is connected with the first inductor L1 in series, the other end of the first capacitor C1 is coupled with an emitter of the first power switch tube Q1, a connection node of the first capacitor C1 and the first inductor L1 is a direct current first input end, a connection node of the first capacitor C1 and the emitter of the first power switch tube Q1 is a direct current second input end, and the direct current first input end and the direct current second input end are both coupled to a photovoltaic battery pack; the other end of the first inductor L1 is coupled to the anode of a first diode D1, the connection node between the anode of the first diode D1 and the first inductor L1 is coupled to the collector of the first power switch Q1, the cathode of the first diode D1 is coupled to a second capacitor C2, the other end of the second capacitor C2 is coupled to the emitter of the first power switch Q1, the third capacitor C3 is connected in parallel to the two ends of the second capacitor C2, the connection node between the first diode D1 and the second capacitor C2 is a first DC output terminal, the connection node between the second capacitor C2 and the emitter of the first power switch Q1 is a second DC output terminal, and the first DC output terminal and the second DC output terminal are both coupled to the DC-AC converter (2).
4. The grid-connected inverter of multi-path MPPT of claim 3, wherein: the DC-AC converter (2) comprises a fourth capacitor C4, a second power switch Q2, a third power switch Q3, a fourth power switch Q4, a fifth power switch Q5, a second inductor L2 and a third inductor L3, wherein the collector of the second power switch Q2 is coupled with the collector of the third power switch Q3, and the connection node is coupled with the first DC output end, the emitter of the second power switch Q2 is coupled with the collector of the fourth power switch Q4, the emitter of the third power switch Q3 is coupled with the collector of the fifth power switch Q5, the emitter of the fourth power switch Q4 is coupled with the emitter of the fifth power switch Q5, and the connection node is coupled with the second DC output end, the connection node of the second power switch Q2 and the fourth power switch Q4 is coupled with the second L2, and the other end 4 of the second inductor L2 is coupled with the fourth capacitor C4, the connection node between the third power switch Q3 and the fifth power switch Q5 is coupled to a third inductor L3, the other end of the third inductor L3 is coupled to the other end of a fourth capacitor C4, the connection node between the second inductor L2 and the fourth capacitor C4 is a first ac output end, the connection node between the third inductor L3 and the fourth capacitor C4 is a second ac output end, and the first ac output end and the second ac output end are both coupled to a city ac power grid.
5. The grid-connected inverter of multi-path MPPT of claim 1, wherein: the DC-DC converters (1) are respectively connected with a bypass switch branch (7) in parallel, the bypass switch branch (7) comprises a relay, one end of the bypass switch branch (7) is coupled to a connection node between the input end of the DC-DC converter (1) and the photovoltaic battery pack, and the other end of the bypass switch branch (7) is coupled to a connection node between the output end of the DC-DC converter (1) and the DC-AC converter (2).
6. A control method of a grid-connected inverter based on multiple MPPTs according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring the output power P0 of the photovoltaic battery pack;
controlling at least one DC-DC converter in the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter to start and operate;
acquiring input power P1 of a DC-AC converter in a multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter in the current operation;
according to the comparison between the output power P0 and the input power P1, whether the loss of components generated by the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is larger than the mismatch loss of components is judged;
if the loss of the component is larger than the mismatch loss of the component, the MCU controller generates a control instruction;
and controlling the DC-DC converter in the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter to convert the running state based on the control instruction.
7. The method for controlling the multi-way MPPT grid-connected inverter as claimed in claim 6, wherein: after judging whether the loss of the components generated by the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is greater than the loss of the mismatch of the components or not according to the comparison between the output power P0 and the input power P1, the method further comprises the following steps:
if the loss of the component is less than the mismatch loss of the component, the MCU controller generates a maintenance operation instruction;
and controlling a DC-DC converter in the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter to maintain the operation state based on the operation maintaining instruction.
8. The method for controlling the multi-way MPPT grid-connected inverter as claimed in claim 6, wherein: whether the loss of components generated by the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is larger than the loss of mismatch of components or not is judged according to the comparison between the output power P0 and the input power P1, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
judging whether the input power P1 is smaller than the output power P0;
if the input power P1 is smaller than the output power P0, the loss of components generated by the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is larger than the mismatch loss of components;
and if the input power P1 is greater than the output power P0, determining that the loss of components generated by the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter is less than the mismatch loss of components.
9. The method for controlling the multi-way MPPT grid-connected inverter as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the controlling, based on the control instruction, a DC-DC converter in the multi-path MPPT grid-connected inverter to convert an operation state specifically includes:
according to the control instruction, a relay in a bypass switch branch is controlled to be closed, and the bypass switch branch is conducted;
and according to the control instruction, the centralized MPPT controller controls the DC-DC converter to stop running.
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| CN102447384A (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2012-05-09 | 雅达电子国际有限公司 | Converters and inverters for photovoltaic power systems |
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| CN111082686A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-04-28 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Multi-path MPPT inverter and control method thereof |
| CN111313472A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-06-19 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司六安供电公司 | High-efficiency module combined photovoltaic inverter |
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| CN102447384A (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2012-05-09 | 雅达电子国际有限公司 | Converters and inverters for photovoltaic power systems |
| CN104734548A (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2015-06-24 | 深圳市英威腾电气股份有限公司 | Photovoltaic grid-connected inverter and photovoltaic grid-connected inverter control method |
| CN111082686A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-04-28 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Multi-path MPPT inverter and control method thereof |
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