CN114252752B - Fault diagnosis method for power tube in full-control bridge topology circuit - Google Patents

Fault diagnosis method for power tube in full-control bridge topology circuit Download PDF

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CN114252752B
CN114252752B CN202111581881.7A CN202111581881A CN114252752B CN 114252752 B CN114252752 B CN 114252752B CN 202111581881 A CN202111581881 A CN 202111581881A CN 114252752 B CN114252752 B CN 114252752B
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CN114252752A (en
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王侯清
朱纪洪
袁夏明
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Tsinghua University
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/26Testing of individual semiconductor devices
    • G01R31/2607Circuits therefor
    • G01R31/2621Circuits therefor for testing field effect transistors, i.e. FET's

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Abstract

The invention discloses a fault diagnosis method for a power tube in a fully-controlled bridge topology circuit, and belongs to the field of fault diagnosis of power electronics. The fault diagnosis method of the power tube in the fully-controlled bridge topology circuit mainly comprises the following steps: different driving signals are sent to a test switch, an auxiliary switch and a power tube in the circuit, and the actual output voltage of each bridge arm and the current in a direct current bus are detected and recorded; diagnosing the fault states of the upper power tube and the lower power tube of the bridge arm according to the relation between the fault type and the actual output voltage of the bridge arm and the bus current; and carrying out fault diagnosis on the power tubes in other bridge arms of the full-control bridge circuit according to the steps. The power tube fault diagnosis method based on the voltage and current characteristics in the bridge arm circuits under different switching states has the advantages of high fault detection efficiency, high fault positioning precision, safety and reliability.

Description

Fault diagnosis method for power tube in full-control bridge topology circuit
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fault diagnosis method for a power tube in a full-control bridge topology circuit.
Background
In recent years, with the further popularization and application of fully-controlled bridge circuits, great attention has been paid to the research of bridge circuits, particularly in terms of fault diagnosis of the bridge circuits. Because the power switch devices in the fully-controlled bridge circuit mostly adopt MOSFETs or IGBTs and the like, the power switch devices belong to weak links in a system, and the damage of the power switch devices can cause the whole circuit to work abnormally. Therefore, a method for diagnosing a fault of a power tube is needed, which can quickly detect the fault type of the power tube and quickly locate a fault point, so as to quickly process the fault and improve the reliability of a full-controlled bridge circuit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fault diagnosis method for a power tube in a fully-controlled bridge topology circuit, which has the advantages of high fault detection precision, high speed and easiness in implementation.
Sending a disconnection driving signal to a test switch in the test circuit to enable the test resistor to be connected into the circuit;
sending low-level turn-off signals to all auxiliary switches connected with the upper pipe of the bridge arm in parallel;
sending low-level driving signals to all power tubes in the full-bridge circuit;
detecting and recording actual output voltage u of each bridge arm x And the current i in the DC bus dc
Sequentially sending different control signals to the power tube of the bridge arm to be tested, and simultaneously detecting and recording the actual output voltage u of the bridge arm x And the current i in the DC bus dc
Diagnosing the fault states of upper and lower power tubes of the bridge arm according to the relation between the fault type and the actual output voltage of the bridge arm and the bus current;
if the upper and lower tube faults of the bridge arm are not detected, a high-level closing signal is sent to an auxiliary switch connected with the upper tube of the bridge arm to be detected in parallel;
respectively sending turn-off and turn-on driving signals to a lower tube of the bridge arm to be detected, and simultaneously detecting and recording actual output voltage u of each bridge arm x And the current i in the DC bus dc
Thirdly, according to the fault type and the actual output voltage u of the bridge arm x And the current i in the DC bus dc Diagnosing the fault states of the upper power tube and the lower power tube of the bridge arm according to the relation between the bridge arm and the lower power tube;
and carrying out fault diagnosis on the power tubes in other bridge arms of the full-control bridge circuit according to the steps.
Preferably, the power switch tube in the fully-controlled bridge topology circuit is a MOSFET tube or an IGBT tube; the auxiliary switch is a MOSFET tube, or an IGBT tube, or a relay.
Preferably, the test switch is a MOSFET tube, or an IGBT tube, or a relay, or a contactor. Among them, normally closed relays and contactors are preferable.
The invention has the advantages that:
1) In the process of initialization self-checking containing a full-control bridge circuit, the fault type and the fault position of the fault can be rapidly and accurately detected, and the function of early warning can be achieved.
2) Compared with the fault diagnosis method of the power tube in the existing full-control bridge circuit, the principle of the full-control bridge circuit fault detection technology is that the corresponding relation between the fault type of the power tube in the bridge circuit and the output voltage of a bridge arm and the current of a direct current bus is utilized under the condition that an auxiliary switch and the power switch tube are in different switch states. The invention can improve the fault detection precision and efficiency of the power tube in the fully-controlled bridge circuit and shorten the troubleshooting time.
Drawings
The features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily appreciated from the detailed description section provided below with reference to the drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method for diagnosing faults in a fully-controlled bridge circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic of a topology of one embodiment of a three-phase full bridge inverter;
fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a short circuit of an upper tube of a bridge arm of the three-phase full-bridge inverter and a normal lower tube;
FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a three-phase full-bridge inverter with short-circuited upper tubes and open-circuited lower tubes on one bridge arm;
FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a three-phase full-bridge inverter with normal upper tubes and short-circuited lower tubes on one bridge arm;
FIG. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of a three-phase full-bridge inverter with normal upper tubes and normal lower tubes on one bridge arm;
FIG. 7 is a schematic circuit diagram of a three-phase full-bridge inverter with normal upper tubes and open lower tubes on one bridge arm;
FIG. 8 is a schematic circuit diagram of a three-phase full-bridge inverter with short-circuited upper tubes and short-circuited lower tubes of one bridge arm;
FIG. 9 is a schematic circuit diagram of a three-phase full-bridge inverter with open tubes on one bridge arm and short tubes on the lower arm;
fig. 10 is a schematic circuit diagram of a three-phase full-bridge inverter when a tube on one bridge arm is open and a tube on the lower bridge arm is normal;
FIG. 11 is a schematic circuit diagram of a three-phase full-bridge inverter with open tubes on one bridge arm and open tubes on the lower arm;
100. a detection circuit; 200. a sampling circuit; 300. a control circuit; 400. a drive circuit; 500. a fully controlled bridge circuit; E. a direct current power supply; c e A flat wave capacitor; r test Testing the resistance; s. the test A test switch; f A And A bridge arm fast fuse; s A1 An upper power tube of the bridge arm A; s A2 The lower power tube of the bridge arm A; s a The auxiliary switch of the bridge arm A; f B B, rapidly fusing the bridge arm; s B1 An upper power tube of the bridge arm B; s B2 A lower power tube of the bridge arm B; s b And an auxiliary switch of the B bridge arm; f C C bridge arm fast fuse; s C1 An upper power tube of the C bridge arm; s C2 A lower power tube of the bridge arm C; s c And an auxiliary switch of the C bridge arm.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a fault diagnosis method of a power tube in a fully-controlled bridge topology circuit, aiming at the problems of difficult fault diagnosis and positioning and low fault diagnosis efficiency of the bridge circuit, wherein the bridge topology comprises at least one bridge arm, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, sending a disconnection driving signal to a test switch in a test circuit to enable a test resistor to be connected into the circuit;
s2, sending low-level turn-off signals to all auxiliary switches connected with the upper tubes of the bridge arms in parallel;
s3, sending low-level driving signals to all power tubes in the full-bridge circuit;
s4, detecting and recording the actual output voltage u of the detected bridge arm x And the current i in the DC bus dc
S5, according to the fault type and the actual output voltage u of the bridge arm x And bus current i dc Diagnosing the fault states of the upper power tube and the lower power tube of the bridge arm according to the relationship between the upper power tube and the lower power tube of the bridge arm; in which, taking the a-bridge arm in the three-phase bridge inverter shown in fig. 2 as an example,
if u is ref -Δu≤u A ≤u ref + Δ u, and i dc =0, continuously sending a driving signal for switching off the upper pipe and switching on the lower pipe to the bridge arm to be tested, and 1) if i is judged to be ref -Δi≤i dc ≤i ref + Δ i, judging that the upper tube of the bridge arm to be tested is short-circuited and the lower tube is normal (see fig. 3); 2) If i is dc If =0, the upper tube of the bridge arm to be tested is judged to be short-circuited, and the lower tube is judged to be open-circuited (see fig. 4);
wherein u is ref The output reference voltage E of the bridge arm to be tested is obtained, and delta u is the maximum range of voltage error; i.e. i ref For parameters on DC bus of tested bridge armTest current E/R test And Δ i is the maximum range of current error.
S6, further, if u A =0, and i dc If u is not less than 0, continuing to send a driving signal for closing the upper tube and opening the lower tube to the bridge arm to be tested ref -Δu≤u A ≤u ref + Δ u, and i ref -Δi≤i dc ≤i ref And + delta i, judging that the upper tube of the tested bridge arm is normal and the lower tube is short-circuited (see figure 5).
S7, further, if u A =0, and i dc If u is not less than 0, continuing to send a driving signal for closing the upper tube and opening the lower tube to the bridge arm to be tested ref -Δu≤u A ≤u ref + Δ u, and i dc If the current value is not less than 0, continuing to send a driving signal for closing the upper pipe and closing the lower pipe to the bridge arm to be tested, and 1) if u is not greater than 0 ref -Δu≤u A ≤u ref + Δ u, and i ref -Δi≤i dc ≤i ref + Δ i, the upper tube and the lower tube of the tested bridge arm are normal (see fig. 6); 2) If u is ref -Δu≤u A ≤u ref + Δ u, and i dc And if the lower tube is not equal to 0, the upper tube of the tested bridge arm is normal, and the lower tube is open (see fig. 7).
S8, further, if u A =0, and i dc If the drive signal is u, the drive signal is sent to the bridge arm to be tested, the upper tube is closed, the lower tube is opened, or the drive signal is sent to the bridge arm to be tested, the upper tube is closed, the lower tube is closed, if the drive signal is u, the upper tube is closed, the lower tube is opened, or the drive signal is sent to the bridge arm to be tested, and the lower tube is closed A =0, and i dc If =0, then send close signal to auxiliary switch of bridge arm under test, send open signal to lower tube of bridge arm under test, 1) if u A =0, and i dc If =0, the upper tube of the bridge arm is short-circuited and the lower tube is short-circuited (see fig. 8); 2) If u is ref -Δu≤u A ≤u ref + Δ u, and i ref -Δi≤i dc ≤i ref + Δ i, the upper tube of the bridge arm under test is open and the lower tube is short (see fig. 9).
S9, further, if u A =0, and i dc If the upper pipe is closed, the lower pipe is disconnected, or the upper pipe is continuously sent to the bridge arm to be detectedClosed, drive signal for lower tube closing, if u A =0, and i dc If u is not less than 0, sending a closing signal to an auxiliary switch of the bridge arm to be tested, sending an opening signal to a lower tube of the bridge arm to be tested, and if u is not less than 0 ref -Δu≤u A ≤u ref + Δ u, and i dc =0, continue to send the drive signal for lower tube closing to the bridge arm under test, 1) if u ref -Δu≤u A ≤u ref + Δ u, and i ref -Δi≤i dc ≤i ref + Δ i, the upper tube of the bridge arm to be tested is open, and the lower tube is normal (see fig. 10); 2) If u is ref -Δu≤u A ≤u ref + Δ u, and i dc And =0, the upper tube of the tested bridge arm is open, and the lower tube is open (see fig. 11).
And S10, performing fault diagnosis on the power tubes in other bridge arms of the full-control bridge circuit according to the steps.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (12)

1. A fault diagnosis method for a power tube in a fully-controlled bridge topology circuit, wherein the bridge topology comprises at least one bridge arm, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
sending a disconnection driving signal to a test switch in the test circuit to enable the test resistor to be connected into the circuit; sending low-level turn-off signals to all auxiliary switches connected with the upper pipe of the bridge arm in parallel; sending low-level driving signals to all power tubes in the full-bridge circuit; detecting and recording the actual output voltage u of each bridge arm x And the current i in the DC bus dc (ii) a Sequentially sending different control signals to the power tube of the bridge arm to be tested, and simultaneously detecting and recording the actual output voltage u of the bridge arm x And the current i in the DC bus dc (ii) a Diagnosing the fault states of the upper power tube and the lower power tube of the bridge arm according to the relation between the fault type and the actual output voltage of the bridge arm and the bus current; if the upper and lower tube faults of the bridge arm are not detected, a high-level closing signal is sent to an auxiliary switch connected with the upper tube of the bridge arm to be detected in parallel; respectively sending turn-off and turn-on driving signals to a lower tube of the bridge arm to be detected, and simultaneously detecting and recording actual output voltage u of each bridge arm x And the current i in the DC bus dc (ii) a Thirdly, according to the fault type and the actual output voltage u of the bridge arm x And the current i in the DC bus dc Diagnosing the fault states of the upper power tube and the lower power tube of the bridge arm according to the relationship between the upper power tube and the lower power tube of the bridge arm; carrying out fault diagnosis on power tubes in other bridge arms of the full-control bridge circuit according to the steps;
in order to facilitate the description of the fault diagnosis method of the power tube in the fully-controlled bridge topology circuit, further, u is defined ref The reference voltage is output by the bridge arm to be measured, and delta u is the maximum range of voltage error; i all right angle ref The reference current is the reference current on the direct current bus of the bridge arm to be measured, and delta i is the maximum range of the current error;
the direct current power supply is connected with the flat wave capacitor in parallel, the test switch is connected with the negative electrode of the direct current power supply and the negative electrode of the direct current bus of the full-control bridge circuit, one end of the test switch is connected with the negative electrode of the direct current power supply, and the other end of the test switch is connected with the negative electrode end of the direct current bus of each bridge arm; the test resistor is connected with the test switch in parallel;
the fast fuse wire is connected with the upper pipe of the bridge arm and the positive pole of the direct current bus, and the auxiliary switch is connected with the upper pipe of the bridge arm in parallel.
2. The method for diagnosing the fault of the power tube in the fully-controlled bridge topology circuit according to claim 1, comprising:
the auxiliary switch in the full-control bridge circuit is turned off, and low-level turn-off signals are sent to all power tubes in the full-bridge circuit: if u is ref -Δu≤u x ≤u ref + Δ u, and i dc If the current is not less than 0, continuing to send a driving signal for switching off the upper tube and closing the lower tube to the bridge arm to be tested, and 1) if the current is i ref -Δi≤i dc ≤i ref + delta i, judging that the upper tube of the bridge arm to be tested is short-circuited, and the lower tube is normal; 2) If i is dc And =0, the upper tube of the bridge arm to be tested is judged to be short-circuited, and the lower tube is opened.
3. The method for diagnosing the fault of the power tube in the fully-controlled bridge topology circuit according to claim 1, comprising:
the auxiliary switch in the full-control bridge circuit is turned off, and low-level turn-off signals are sent to all power tubes in the full-bridge circuit: if u is x =0, and i dc If u is not less than 0, continuing to send a driving signal for closing the upper tube and opening the lower tube to the bridge arm to be tested ref -Δu≤u x ≤u ref + Δ u, and i ref -Δi≤i dc ≤i ref And + delta i, judging that the upper pipe of the bridge arm to be detected is normal and the lower pipe is short-circuited.
4. The method for diagnosing the fault of the power tube in the fully-controlled bridge topology circuit according to claim 1, comprising:
the auxiliary switch in the full-control bridge circuit is turned off, and low-level turn-off signals are sent to all power tubes in the full-bridge circuit: if u is x =0, and i dc If =0, continuously sending a driving signal for closing the upper pipe and opening the lower pipe to the bridge arm to be tested, and if u is not greater than 0 ref -Δu≤u x ≤u ref + Δ u, and i dc If the current value is not less than 0, continuing to send a driving signal for closing the upper pipe and closing the lower pipe to the bridge arm to be tested, and 1) if u is not greater than 0 ref -Δu≤u x ≤u ref + Δ u, and i ref -Δi≤i dc ≤i ref + delta i, the upper pipe and the lower pipe of the bridge arm to be measured are normal; 2) If u is ref -Δu≤u x ≤u ref + Δ u, and i dc And if the lower tube is not connected with the upper tube, the upper tube of the tested bridge arm is normal, and the lower tube is open.
5. The method for diagnosing the fault of the power tube in the fully-controlled bridge topology circuit according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
the auxiliary switch in the full-control bridge circuit is turned off, and low-level turn-off signals are sent to all power tubes in the full-bridge circuit: if u is x =0, and i dc If the drive signal is u, the drive signal is sent to the bridge arm to be tested, the upper tube is closed, the lower tube is opened, or the drive signal is sent to the bridge arm to be tested, the upper tube is closed, the lower tube is closed, if the drive signal is u, the upper tube is closed, the lower tube is opened, or the drive signal is sent to the bridge arm to be tested, and the lower tube is closed x =0, and i dc If =0, then send close signal to auxiliary switch of bridge arm under test, send open signal to lower tube of bridge arm under test, 1) if u x =0, and i dc If =0, the upper tube of the bridge arm is short-circuited and the lower tube is short-circuited; 2) If u is ref -Δu≤u x ≤u ref + Δ u, and i ref -Δi≤i dc ≤i ref And + delta i, the upper tube of the bridge arm to be tested is open, and the lower tube is short-circuited.
6. The method for diagnosing the fault of the power tube in the fully-controlled bridge topology circuit according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
the auxiliary switch in the full-control bridge circuit is turned off, and low-level turn-off signals are sent to all power tubes in the full-bridge circuit: if u is x =0, and i dc If the drive signal is u, the drive signal is sent to the bridge arm to be tested, the upper tube is closed, the lower tube is opened, or the drive signal is sent to the bridge arm to be tested, the upper tube is closed, the lower tube is closed, if the drive signal is u, the upper tube is closed, the lower tube is opened, or the drive signal is sent to the bridge arm to be tested, and the lower tube is closed x =0, and i dc If =0, sending a closing signal to an auxiliary switch of the bridge arm to be tested, sending an opening signal to a lower tube of the bridge arm to be tested, and if u is not greater than 0 ref -Δu≤u x ≤u ref + Δ u, and i dc If the current value is not less than 0, continuing to send a driving signal for closing the lower pipe to the bridge arm to be tested, and 1) if u is not greater than 0 ref -Δu≤u x ≤u ref + Δ u, and i ref -Δi≤i dc ≤i ref + delta i, the upper pipe of the bridge arm to be tested is opened, and the lower pipe is normal; 2) If u is ref -Δu≤u x ≤u ref + Δ u, and i dc And if the lower tube is not connected with the upper tube, the upper tube of the tested bridge arm is connected with the lower tube.
7. The method for diagnosing the faults of the power tube in the full-controlled bridge topology circuit according to claim 1, wherein the power switch tube is a MOSFET tube or an IGBT tube.
8. The method for diagnosing the faults of the power tubes in the full-controlled bridge topology circuit according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary switches are MOSFET tubes, IGBT tubes or relays.
9. The method for diagnosing the faults of the power tubes in the full-controlled bridge topology circuit according to claim 1, wherein the test switches are MOSFET tubes, IGBT tubes, relays or contactors.
10. The method for diagnosing the faults of the power tubes in the fully-controlled bridge topology circuit according to claim 1, wherein when the tubes on the bridge arm are all short-circuited in operation, the fast fusible link is fused, so that the short-circuit fault of the bridge arm is converted into the open-circuit fault of the bridge arm.
11. The method for diagnosing the fault of the power tube in the fully-controlled bridge topology circuit according to claim 1, wherein a test resistor is used as a load during the detection of the bridge arm fault to limit the current amplitude in a test loop and also used as a bleeder resistor of a bus capacitor.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the fully-controlled bridge topology circuit includes but is not limited to a single-phase bridge converter circuit, a two-phase bridge converter circuit, a three-phase bridge converter circuit, and a multi-phase bridge converter circuit.
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