CN114123288A - Method for determining optimal reactive power exchange capacity of converter station and alternating current power grid - Google Patents
Method for determining optimal reactive power exchange capacity of converter station and alternating current power grid Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/16—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining the optimal reactive power exchange capacity of a converter station and an alternating current power grid, and belongs to the technical field of power transmission optimization. The invention provides a method for analyzing and determining the optimal input group number of alternating current filters of a converter station and the optimal reactive power exchange amount of an alternating current-direct current system under different control targets after respectively solving a change curve of reactive power injected into the converter station by an alternating current system to alternating current bus voltage of the converter station after decoupling of the alternating current-direct current system based on the idea of carrying out load flow calculation of the alternating current-direct current interconnected power system by an alternating solution method. The calculation result provided by the invention can be used as a proper method to research the redundancy of the converter station under the alternating current capacity of the minimum filter and the absolute minimum filter group under different transmission power levels, and simultaneously research the optimal reactive power exchange quantity between the converter station and the alternating current system under different transmission power levels.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power transmission optimization, and particularly relates to a method for determining optimal reactive power exchange capacity of a converter station and an alternating current power grid.
Background
In high-voltage direct-current transmission, a converter for realizing alternating-current and direct-current conversion is a nonlinear load of an alternating-current system due to the fact that a topological structure is changed constantly, and the converter consumes a large amount of reactive power no matter rectification or inversion operation is carried out. I.e. for an ac system, the dc transmission system is a reactive load. Under rated power, reactive power which is generally consumed by the rectifier station accounts for 40% -50% of direct current transmission power, and reactive power which is consumed by the inverter station is huge and accounts for about 50% -60%. In order to maintain the voltage safety of an alternating current system and a direct current system, a reasonable converter station reactive compensation and voltage control strategy must be adopted, and from the perspective of a power grid, the reactive power regulation and control characteristics of the converter station are coordinated with the reactive voltage requirements of the whole grid; from the converter station itself, reactive compensation and balancing have their own technical requirements, and are also coordinated with other technical problems of the dc system.
The alternating current filter configured at the alternating current bus of the converter station not only can filter out harmonic waves and improve the quality of electric energy, but also can provide a large amount of reactive power for the normal operation of the converter station. The operators should input the AC filters according to the dispatching commands, and the safe and stable operation of the AC and DC systems is maintained by selecting the appropriate input quantity of the AC filters under different working conditions.
At present, the dynamic reactive power control of the converter station only considers that the reactive power exchange quantity with a system is zero, and does not consider the matching relation with reactive power compensation resources of a near-region alternating current power grid of the converter station. In the actual operation process, the reactive compensation devices in the converter station and the reactive compensation devices in the near area of the converter station can be matched with each other, so that the input quantity of alternating current filters in the converter station and the proper reactive power exchange quantity between alternating current and direct current systems can be determined under different power transmission levels through the adjustment of ubiquitous reactive control measures, the redundancy of the alternating current filters in the converter station can be increased, the voltage level of alternating current buses of the converter station is optimized, and the safe and stable operation of a high-voltage direct current system is ensured when disturbance occurs.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for analyzing and determining the number of input groups of the optimal alternating current filter of the converter station and the optimal reactive power exchange amount of the alternating current-direct current system under different control targets after respectively solving a change curve of the reactive power injected into the converter station by the alternating current system to the alternating current bus voltage of the converter station after decoupling the alternating current-direct current system based on the idea of performing load flow calculation of the alternating current-direct current interconnected power system by an alternative solution.
The principle and derivation process according to the invention are as follows:
the alternating current-direct current series-parallel power transmission system consists of a direct current system and an alternating current system, and the two systems are generally connected by a converter station. The alternating current part mainly comprises a power part, an alternating current circuit, a transformer, a load and the like, the direct current part mainly comprises a current converter, a direct current circuit, a smoothing reactor, a transformer, an alternating current filter, a switching capacitor and the like, and a characteristic equation of the HVDC under a steady-state working condition can be expressed as follows:
in the formula, VacrAnd VaciThe voltage amplitudes of alternating current buses at a rectification side and an inversion side are respectively; vdrAnd VdiThe direct current voltages of the rectifier and the inverter respectively; i isdIs a direct line current; alpha and gamma are respectively the leading trigger angle of the rectifier and the arc-quenching angle of the inverter; n isrAnd niThe transformation ratios of the converter transformers on the rectifying side and the inverting side are respectively; xcrAnd XciThe single-bridge phase-change reactance is respectively a rectifying side and an inverting side; rdIs a direct current line resistor;
and
the power factor angle of the rectifier and inverter, respectively.
By using 5 new variables V introduced in the above formuladr，Vdi，Id，
And
other physical quantities in HVDC steady-state operation can be calculated as
In the formula, PdcrAnd QdcrActive and reactive power absorbed by the rectifier respectively; pdciAnd QdciActive power injected into the ac grid and reactive power absorbed from the ac grid are respectively injected into the inverter. ThetaVrAnd thetaViThe AC bus voltage phase angles of the rectification side and the inversion side are respectively; i isacrAnd thetaIrThe current amplitude and the phase angle of the rectifier side converter transformer are respectively; i isaciAnd thetaIiThe current amplitude and the phase angle of the inverter side converter transformer are respectively.
The direct current control system can keep controlled quantities such as direct current power, voltage, current, converter firing angle and the like within a limited safety range while keeping a direct current line stably running. In order to realize the required control, a plurality of basic control devices are respectively arranged on the rectifying station and the inverter station. The rectifying station comprises constant current or constant power control (CC/CP), and minimum trigger angle alphaminLimit (CIA) and low voltage current limit control (VDCOL), etc.; the inverter station comprises a fixed extinction angle Control (CEA), a fixed voltage Control (CV), a maximum trigger angle limit, a low-voltage current limiting control and the like. Generally, in normal operation, the rectifier side is controlled by a constant power or a constant direct current, and the inverter side is controlled by a constant arc-extinguishing angle or a constant direct current voltage. The direct current transmission power and the operation state depend on a control mode and the voltage of a converter bus, and a common constant power-constant arc-quenching angle control mode is taken as an example, so that the direct current steady-state operation characteristic meets the following requirements:
in the formula, PorderAnd gammaorderRespectively are control quantity setting values of a rectification side and an inversion side.
Meanwhile, in a steady state situation, taking the inverter station as an example, the reactive power output by the ac filter connected in parallel to the ac bus of the converter station can be represented by the ac bus voltage of the inverter station and the input group number of the ac filter, so the reactive power injected into the converter station by the ac power grid can be represented as:
Qex＝Qdci-Qfilt
in the formula, QfiltAnd QfiltNReactive power and rated capacity absorbed by the AC filter; n is the number of the AC filter commissioning groups; u shapeaciNThe rated voltage of the alternating current bus of the inverter station is obtained; qexReactive power is injected into the converter station by the ac grid.
As can be seen from the characteristic equation of the HVDC system under the steady state condition, the effect of the AC system on the DC system is only achieved by the primary side voltage V of the converter transformeracrAnd VaciAnd (4) generating. That is, if the ac voltages corresponding to all converters in the HVDC system are known, there are 5 equations in total in the equation of the dc system, including 5 quantities to be solved: vdr,Vdi,Id,
And
in addition, in combination with the control equation of the dc system, the 5 dc variables can be obtained by solving the dc system equation alone.
Therefore, if the parameters and control mode of the dc system are known, the reactive power injected into the inverter station from the ac grid can be uniquely determined by the ac bus voltage of the inverter station, and can be expressed in a compact form as:
F(Qex,Vac)＝0
according to the power equation corresponding to the AC bus of the converter, the action of the DC system on the AC system draws power P from the AC system through the converter stationex+jQexAnd (4) generating. Thus, if each converter is driven from the AC trainWhen the power extracted or injected by the system is known, the voltage of each node of the alternating current system can be directly and independently solved without being related to the direct current system, and the alternating current-direct current series-parallel system diagrams before and after decoupling are shown in fig. 1.
The idea of decoupling processing between the alternating current system and the direct current system is the basis for carrying out load flow calculation on the alternating current-direct current interconnected power system based on an alternative solution. By performing decoupling analysis on the alternating current system and the direct current system, Q-V change curves which are seen from an alternating current bus of the converter station to the direct current system and the alternating current system under the condition of different alternating current filter input groups are respectively made, so that the optimal reactive power exchange quantity between the alternating current filter number required to be put into operation and the alternating current and direct current systems of the converter station under different targets can be clearly determined according to the obtained intersection point condition of the Q-V change curves of the alternating current system and the direct current system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for determining the optimal reactive power exchange capacity of a converter station and an alternating current power grid comprises the following steps:
step 1: for the decoupled AC system, when the AC power grid injects different levels of reactive power Q into the converter stationdciThen, the AC bus voltage V of the converter station is obtained through load flow calculationaciThereby obtaining a Q-V change curve of the system when the AC bus of the converter station looks into the AC system;
step 2: the AC filter with the minimum number of converter stations is put into operation, and a plurality of voltage values V are selected within the allowable range of AC bus voltage of the converter stationsaciAccording to the characteristic equation of HVDC, 5 quantities to be solved of the direct current system are solved: DC voltage V of rectifierdrDc voltage V of the inverterdid.C. line current IdAngle of power factor of rectifier
And power factor angle of the inverter
In combination with inverter controlCharacteristic equation for calculating reactive power Q absorbed by the inverter during normal operationdci(ii) a Simultaneously, according to the selected voltage value, the number of the AC filter groups which are put into operation at the moment and the rated capacity of the AC filter, the reactive power value Q output by the AC filter at the moment is calculatedfiltThen, the reactive power value Q of the AC power grid injected into the converter station at the moment is calculatedex(ii) a Carrying out direct-current connection or interpolation on a plurality of alternating voltage-reactive power exchange quantity data to obtain a Q-V change curve of a system when an alternating current bus of a converter station looks into a direct current system;
and step 3: adding a group of alternating current filters in the converter station, and repeating the step 2 until all the alternating current filters are put into operation, thereby obtaining a group of Q-V change curves Qex,ac,min，…，Qex,ac,N，…，Qex,ac,max；
And 4, step 4: and determining the number of the alternating current filters to be put into operation of the converter station and the optimal reactive power exchange amount between the alternating current system and the alternating current-direct current system according to the intersection point condition of the alternating current system Q-V change curve obtained in the step 1 and the direct current system Q-V change curve obtained in the step 3.
Further, in step 2, solving V according to the characteristic equation of HVDCdr，Vdi，Id，
And
the formula of (1) is:
in the formula, VacrAnd VaciThe voltage amplitudes of alternating current buses at a rectification side and an inversion side are respectively; alpha and gamma are respectively the leading trigger angle of the rectifier and the arc-quenching angle of the inverter; n isrAnd niThe transformation ratios of the converter transformers on the rectifying side and the inverting side are respectively; xcrAnd XciThe single-bridge phase-change reactance is respectively a rectifying side and an inverting side; rdIs straightThe resistance of the flow line.
Further, in step 2, the reactive power Q absorbed by the inverter during normal operation is calculated by combining the control characteristic equation of the converterdciThe formula of (1) is:
in the formula, PdciActive power of the ac grid is injected into the inverter.
Further, in step 2, the reactive power value Q output by the AC filterfiltAnd the value Q of the reactive power injected into the converter station by the AC networkexThe calculation formula is as follows:
Qex＝Qdci-Qfilt
in the formula, QfiltNIs the rated capacity of the AC filter; n is the number of the AC filter commissioning groups; u shapeaciAnd UaciNThe voltage and the rated voltage of the alternating current bus of the inverter station are respectively.
Further, in step 4, if the ac bus voltage of the converter station is selected to be controlled near the rated value as the control target, the ac bus voltage of the converter station is selected to be the intersection point near the rated value, the corresponding reactive power value is the optimal reactive power exchange amount between the ac and dc systems, and the number of the ac filter sets correspondingly input is the optimal set number.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a method for analyzing and determining the number of input groups of an optimal alternating current filter of a converter station and the optimal reactive power exchange quantity of an alternating current-direct current system after respectively solving a change curve of reactive power injected into the converter station by an alternating current system to alternating current bus voltage of the converter station after decoupling of the alternating current-direct current system based on the idea of carrying out load flow calculation of the alternating current-direct current interconnected power system by an alternating solution method.
According to the invention, the AC-DC system coupling calculation process is reduced, the Q-V change curve of the system when the AC bus of the converter station looks into the DC system is calculated and calculated respectively, the calculation is rapid and simple, and the AC bus voltage of the converter station and the level of reactive power injected into the converter station by the AC power grid can clearly determine the optimal input group number of the AC filter and the reactive power provided by the required AC system according to different control targets under the condition that different input group numbers of the AC filter can be visually seen in the calculated Q-V change curve.
The calculation result provided by the invention can be used as a proper method to research the redundancy of the converter station under the alternating current capacity of the minimum filter and the absolute minimum filter group under different transmission power levels, and simultaneously research the optimal reactive power exchange quantity between the converter station and the alternating current system under different transmission power levels.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a decoupling front-rear structure of an AC-DC hybrid system (taking an inverter station as an example) for describing the principle of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for determining an optimal amount of reactive power exchanged in accordance with the principles of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows that the DC system of the embodiment of the present invention transmits 1600MW (0.2P) in a single stage by using a constant power at the rectification side and a constant extinction angle at the inversion siden) A Q-V curve at active power;
FIG. 4 shows 3200MW (0.4P) transmitted in a single stage by a DC system according to an embodiment of the present invention using a constant rectification side power and a constant extinction angle on an inversion siden) Q-V curve in active power.
FIG. 5 shows that 4800MW (0.6P) is transmitted in two stages in a DC system according to an embodiment of the present invention by using a constant rectification-side power control mode and a constant extinction angle control mode in an inversion-side control moden) Q-V curve in active power.
FIG. 6 shows that 6800MW (0.8P) is transmitted in two stages in a DC system of an embodiment of the present invention using a constant rectification side power and constant inversion side extinction angle controln) Q-V curve in active power.
FIG. 7 shows that 8000MW (P) of two-stage transmission is performed in a DC system according to an embodiment of the present invention by using a constant power at the rectification side and a constant extinction angle at the inversion siden) Q-V curve in active power.
FIG. 8 shows a single-stage transmission of 1600MW (0.2P) in an embodiment of the present invention in which the DC system employs a constant DC current at the rectifying side and a constant DC voltage at the inverting siden) A Q-V curve at active power;
FIG. 9 shows 3200MW (0.4P) transmitted in a single stage by a DC system according to an embodiment of the present invention using constant DC current at the rectification side and constant DC voltage at the inversion siden) A Q-V curve at active power;
FIG. 10 shows that 4800MW (0.6P) is transmitted in two stages by the DC system according to the embodiment of the present invention using constant DC current at the rectifying side and constant DC voltage at the inverting siden) A Q-V curve at active power;
FIG. 11 shows 6800MW (0.8P) transmitted in two stages by DC system of the present invention using DC-DC constant current at rectifying side and DC-DC constant voltage at inverting siden) A Q-V curve at active power;
FIG. 12 shows an example of 8000MW (P) of two-stage transmission in which the DC system of the present invention adopts the constant DC current at the rectifying side and the constant DC voltage at the inverting siden) Q-V curve in active power.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention, are within the scope of the invention.
A method for determining the optimal reactive power exchange capacity of a converter station and an alternating current power grid comprises the following steps:
step 1: for the decoupled AC system, when the AC power grid injects different levels of reactive power Q into the converter stationdciThen, the AC bus voltage V of the converter station is obtained through load flow calculationaciSo as to obtain the Q-V curve of the system looking into the ac system from the ac bus of the converter station, as shown in fig. 2Q of (2)ex,acAs shown.
Step 2: the converter station operates with an absolute minimum number of ac filters, e.g. [0.95,1.05 ], on the converter station ac bus voltage allowed range]p.u., selecting a plurality of voltage values VaciAccording to the characteristic equation of HVDC, 5 quantities to be solved of the direct current system are solved: DC voltage V of rectifierdrDc voltage V of the inverterdid.C. line current IdAngle of power factor of rectifier
And power factor angle of the inverter
And further combining a control characteristic equation of the converter to calculate the reactive power Q absorbed by the inverter during normal operationdci(ii) a Simultaneously, according to the selected voltage value, the number of the AC filter groups which are put into operation at the moment and the rated capacity of the AC filter, the reactive power value Q output by the AC filter at the moment is calculatedfiltThen, the reactive power value Q of the AC power grid injected into the converter station at the moment is calculatedex(ii) a And (4) carrying out direct-current connection or interpolation on a plurality of alternating voltage-reactive exchange quantity data to obtain a Q-V change curve of the system when the alternating-current bus of the converter station looks into the direct-current system. When N groups of alternating current filters are put into operation, the Q-V change curve of the obtained direct current system is Q in figure 2ex,ac,NAs shown.
And step 3: adding a group of alternating current filters in the converter station, and repeating the step 2 until all the alternating current filters are put into operation, thereby obtaining a group of Q-V change curves Qex,ac,min，…，Qex,ac,N，…，Qex,ac,maxAs shown in fig. 2.
And 4, step 4: and determining the number of the alternating current filters to be put into operation of the converter station and the optimal reactive power exchange amount between the alternating current system and the alternating current-direct current system according to the intersection point condition of the alternating current system Q-V change curve obtained in the step 1 and the direct current system Q-V change curve obtained in the step 3. And if the AC bus voltage of the converter station is selected to be controlled near the rated value as a control target, selecting the AC bus voltage of the converter station as an intersection point near the rated value, wherein the corresponding reactive power value is the optimal reactive power exchange quantity between the AC and DC systems, and the number of the correspondingly-input AC filter groups is the optimal group number.
Specifically, in step 2, V is solved according to the characteristic equation of HVDCdr，Vdi，Id，
And
the formula of (1) is:
in the formula, VacrAnd VaciThe voltage amplitudes of alternating current buses at a rectification side and an inversion side are respectively; alpha and gamma are respectively the leading trigger angle of the rectifier and the arc-quenching angle of the inverter; n isrAnd niThe transformation ratios of the converter transformers on the rectifying side and the inverting side are respectively; xcrAnd XciThe single-bridge phase-change reactance is respectively a rectifying side and an inverting side; rdIs a dc line resistor.
Calculating the reactive power Q absorbed by the inverter during normal operation by combining the control characteristic equation of the converterdciThe formula of (1) is:
in the formula, PdciActive power of the ac grid is injected into the inverter.
Reactive power value Q output by AC filterfiltAnd the value Q of the reactive power injected into the converter station by the AC networkexThe calculation formula is as follows:
Qex＝Qdci-Qfilt
in the formula, QfiltNIs the rated capacity of the AC filter; n is the number of the AC filter commissioning groups; u shapeaciAnd UaciNThe voltage and the rated voltage of the alternating current bus of the inverter station are respectively.
Example of the implementation
The Tianshan-Zhongzhou +/-800 kV direct-current transmission project is the first extra-high voltage direct-current transmission project for the country to implement the strategy of 'Xinjiang electricity delivery', and is also the first extra-high voltage project for bundling and delivering the electric power of large thermal power and wind power bases in the northwest region. The engineering West Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region Hami Tianshan converter station, the Zhengzhou Zhongzhou converter station from east to Henan province, has rated voltage of +/-800 kV, rated direct current of 5kA and rated transmission power of 8000 MW.
The extra-high voltage Zhongzhou converter station operates in a bipolar mode, and each pole is formed by connecting two groups of twelve-pulse converters in series. The alternating current filter is divided into 4 large groups including WA.Z1, WA.Z2, WA.Z3 and WA.Z4 and 19 small groups including an alternating current filter 10 small group and a parallel capacitor 9 small group, each group provides 260Mvar reactive power and 4940Mvar, the large groups are provided with independent filter buses, and the small groups can independently switch on and off. In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of the Hazheng DC project, the requirements of AC overvoltage limitation, the minimum group number of absolute filters, AC bus voltage limitation, reactive power limitation and the like after switching must be considered in the switching of the AC filter.
When the Henan power grid is stepped into the provincial extra-high voltage alternating current-direct current hybrid regional power grid pattern, the voltage safety situation of the power grid faces a new challenge. At present, the dynamic reactive power control of the converter station only considers that the reactive power exchange quantity with a system is zero, and does not consider the matching relation with reactive power compensation resources of a near-region alternating current power grid of the converter station. If the reactive compensation devices in the converter station and the reactive compensation devices in the near area of the converter station can be matched with each other in the actual operation process, the input quantity of alternating current filters in the converter station and the proper reactive power exchange quantity between the alternating current and direct current systems can be determined under different power transmission levels through the adjustment of ubiquitous reactive control measures, the redundancy of the alternating current filters in the converter station can be increased, the voltage level of alternating current buses of the converter station is optimized, and the safe and stable operation of a high-voltage direct current system when disturbance occurs is guaranteed.
The verification example of the invention is against Tianshan-Zhongzhou +/-800 kV direct current transmission engineering, the method provided by the invention is implemented by adopting a Zhongzhou converter station and a Henan power grid practical model, and the method provided by the invention provides the optimal input quantity of an alternating current filter in the Zhongzhou converter station and the optimal reactive power exchange quantity between alternating current and direct current systems under three control targets of different active power transmission levels when Tianshan-Zhongzhou +/-800 kV direct current transmission engineering adopts two common control modes of rectifying side fixed power, inverting side fixed extinction angle control, rectifying side fixed direct current and inverting side fixed direct current voltage control.
When the method provided by the invention is used for determining the optimal input quantity of alternating current filters in a Zhongzhou converter station and the optimal reactive power exchange quantity between alternating current and direct current systems when a direct current system respectively adopts two common control modes, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: for the decoupled Henan AC system, when the Henan AC system injects different levels of reactive power Q into the Zhongzhou converter stationexThen, the AC bus voltage V of the converter station is obtained through load flow calculationaciIn the example, the load flow calculation adopts Newton-Raphson method load flow calculation, so that a Q-V change curve of the system when the AC bus of the converter station looks into the AC system is obtained.
Step 2: the Zhongzhou converter station operates 3 sets of ac filters that meet the minimum filter capacity, in this example [0.95,1.05 ] over the converter station ac bus voltage allowed range]p.u., selecting a plurality of voltage values VaciSimultaneously, 5 quantities to be solved of the direct current system are solved by respectively combining a direct current control equation in the process of constant power at the rectifying side, constant arc extinguishing angle control at the inverting side, constant direct current control at the rectifying side and constant direct current voltage control at the inverting side: vdr,Vdi,Id,φrAnd phiiAnd calculating the reactive power Q absorbed by the inverter in normal operation by combining with a control characteristic equation of a direct current systemdci. Simultaneously according to the selected voltage value, the number of the AC filter groups which are put into operation at the time and the rated value of the AC filterThe capacity can be used for calculating the reactive power value output by the alternating current filter at the moment and then calculating the reactive power value Q injected into the converter station by the alternating current power grid at the momentex. And (4) carrying out direct-current connection or interpolation on a plurality of alternating voltage-reactive exchange quantity data to obtain a Q-V change curve of the system when the alternating-current bus of the converter station looks into the direct-current system.
And step 3: adding and putting a group of alternating current filters in the converter station in China, and then repeating the step 2 until all 19 groups of alternating current filters are put into operation, thereby obtaining a family of Q-V change curves Qex,ac,min，…，Qex,ac,N，…，Qex,ac,max。
And 4, step 4: and determining the number of alternating current filters required to be put into operation of the Zhongzhou converter station and the optimal reactive power exchange amount between the alternating current and direct current systems according to the Q-V change curve of the Henan power grid alternating current system obtained in the step 1 and the intersection point condition of the Q-V change curve of the Zhongzhou converter station obtained in the step 3. And if the AC bus voltage of the converter station is selected to be controlled near the rated value as a control target, selecting the AC bus voltage of the converter station as an intersection point near the rated value, wherein the corresponding reactive power value is the optimal reactive power exchange quantity between the AC and DC systems, and the number of the correspondingly-input AC filter groups is the optimal group number.
FIGS. 3 to 7 show that the DC transmission power is from single pole 1600MW (0.2P) when the DC transmission project in the sky adopts the constant power at the rectification side and the constant extinction angle at the inversion siden) Up to a bipolar 8000MW (P)n) In the process, Q-V change curves of the Henan power grid alternating current system obtained in the step 1 and Q-V change curves of the Zhongzhou converter stations obtained in the step 2 and the step 3 are utilized under different power levels. FIGS. 8 to 12 show that the DC transmission power is from single pole 1600MW (0.2P) when the DC transmission engineering in the sky adopts the constant DC power at the rectifying side and the constant DC voltage control at the inverting siden) Up to a bipolar 8000MW (P)n) In the process, Q-V change curves of the Henan power grid alternating current system obtained in the step 1 and Q-V change curves of the Zhongzhou converter stations obtained in the step 2 and the step 3 are utilized under different power levels.
And determining the number of alternating current filters required to be put into operation of the Zhongzhou converter station and the optimal reactive power exchange amount between the alternating current and direct current systems according to the Q-V change curve of the Henan power grid alternating current system obtained in the step 1 and the intersection point condition of the Q-V change curve of the Zhongzhou converter station obtained in the step 3. In the analysis of the example, the switching targets of the three alternating current filters are as follows: (1) the AC bus voltage of the converter station is close to a rated value; (2) the reactive power exchange quantity between the alternating current power grid and the converter station is about 0 Mvar; (3) the number of the input groups of the alternating current filter is the minimum, so that the optimal switching group number of the alternating current filter, the reactive power injected into the converter station by the alternating current power grid and the voltage level of the alternating current bus of the converter station at the moment are determined, and the obtained results are shown in tables 1 to 3.
TABLE 1 filter input number and system operation status under AC filter switching target (1)
TABLE 2 filter input number and system operation status under AC filter switching target (2)
TABLE 3 filter input group number and system operation status under AC filter switching target (3)
The results obtained by the method example verification provided by the invention are analyzed, and the following conclusion can be obtained: with the increase of the active power of direct current transmission, on the premise of meeting the requirement of 3 sets of absolute minimum filtering, the number of alternating current filter sets required to be input for maintaining the voltage stability of the alternating current bus of the Zhongzhou converter station is continuously increased. Under the same active power transmission level, reactive power values absorbed by the Zhongzhou converter stations are different in the two control modes, and the optimal switching group number of the alternating current filter is different under various switching targets. For three different alternating current filter switching targets, the number of alternating current filters required to be input by the direct current control method adopting the rectifying side constant current inverter side constant voltage is smaller than that of the rectifying side constant power inverter side constant extinction angle control method, and particularly, when a converter station is at a high active power transmission level, the number of alternating current filters required to be input by the direct current control method adopting the rectifying side constant current inverter side constant voltage is obviously smaller, and reactive compensation redundancy in the converter station is high.
When the closest rated value of the alternating current bus voltage of the converter station is taken as the switching target of the alternating current filter, compared with other two control targets, the number of the alternating current filters required to be put into the converter station is the largest under different power levels, the control effect of the alternating current bus voltage level of the converter station is the best, but the requirement on the reactive power value required to be injected into the converter station by the alternating current power grid under the individual power transmission level is higher, so that the near-area alternating current power grid of the converter station is required to have sufficient reactive power reserve to meet the reactive power exchange capacity requirement of an alternating current system, and the requirement on the reactive power compensation capacity of the near-area power grid of the converter station is higher; when the reactive power exchange quantity between the alternating current power grid and the converter station is near 0Mvar as the switching target of the alternating current filter, the absolute value of the reactive power exchanged between the alternating current system and the direct current system is minimum, at the moment, the requirement on the reactive power compensation capability of the alternating current power grid is not too high, but the voltage of an alternating current bus of the converter station has certain deviation from the rated value of the alternating current bus; when the minimum number of the input groups of the alternating current filters is taken as a target, in order to maximize the redundancy of the alternating current filters in the converter station, the alternating current power grid is required to always inject reactive power into the converter station under different active power transmission levels, and the near-area alternating current power grid of the converter station is required to have certain reactive power supporting capability for the converter station.
In the embodiment, the optimal reactive power exchange quantity between the AC filter number required to be put into operation and the AC/DC system of the Zhongzhou converter station under different power transmission levels is determined by using the method and the device.
The invention provides a method for determining the number of groups of an optimal alternating current filter of a converter station and the optimal reactive power exchange amount of an alternating current-direct current system, which needs to be realized according to the steps. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the methods provided by the present invention may be used in example analysis, or in designing computer program products. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for determining the optimal reactive power exchange capacity of a converter station and an alternating current power grid is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: for the decoupled AC system, when the AC power grid injects different levels of reactive power Q into the converter stationdciThen, the AC bus voltage V of the converter station is obtained through load flow calculationaciThereby obtaining a Q-V change curve of the system when the AC bus of the converter station looks into the AC system;
step 2: the AC filter with the minimum number of converter stations is put into operation, and a plurality of voltage values V are selected within the allowable range of AC bus voltage of the converter stationsaciAccording to the characteristic equation of HVDC, 5 quantities to be solved of the direct current system are solved: DC voltage V of rectifierdrDc voltage V of the inverterdid.C. line current IdAngle of power factor of rectifier
And power factor angle of the inverter
And further combining a control characteristic equation of the converter to calculate the reactive power Q absorbed by the inverter during normal operationdci(ii) a Simultaneously, according to the selected voltage value, the number of the AC filter groups which are put into operation at the moment and the rated capacity of the AC filter, the reactive power value Q output by the AC filter at the moment is calculatedfiltThen, the reactive power value Q of the AC power grid injected into the converter station at the moment is calculatedex(ii) a Direct-connected lines or interpolation is carried out on a plurality of alternating voltage-reactive exchange quantity dataObtaining a Q-V change curve of the system when the converter station alternating current bus looks into the direct current system;
and step 3: adding a group of alternating current filters in the converter station, and repeating the step 2 until all the alternating current filters are put into operation, thereby obtaining a group of Q-V change curves Qex,ac,min，…，Qex,ac,N，…，Qex,ac,max；
And 4, step 4: and determining the number of the alternating current filters to be put into operation of the converter station and the optimal reactive power exchange amount between the alternating current system and the alternating current-direct current system according to the intersection point condition of the alternating current system Q-V change curve obtained in the step 1 and the direct current system Q-V change curve obtained in the step 3.
2. The method for determining the optimal amount of reactive power exchange between a converter station and an ac power grid according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, V is solved according to the characteristic equation of HVDCdr，Vdi，Id，
And
the formula of (1) is:
in the formula, VacrAnd VaciThe voltage amplitudes of alternating current buses at a rectification side and an inversion side are respectively; alpha and gamma are respectively the leading trigger angle of the rectifier and the arc-quenching angle of the inverter; n isrAnd niThe transformation ratios of the converter transformers on the rectifying side and the inverting side are respectively; xcrAnd XciThe single-bridge phase-change reactance is respectively a rectifying side and an inverting side; rdIs a dc line resistor.
3. Method for determining the optimal amount of reactive power exchange between a converter station and an ac network according to claim 2, characterized in that in step 2, the combination is performedThe control characteristic equation of the converter is used for calculating the reactive power Q absorbed by the inverter during normal operationdciThe formula of (1) is:
in the formula, PdciActive power of the ac grid is injected into the inverter.
4. A method for determining an optimal amount of reactive power exchange between a converter station and an ac power grid according to claim 3, characterized by: in step 2, the reactive power value Q output by the alternating current filterfiltAnd the value Q of the reactive power injected into the converter station by the AC networkexThe calculation formula is as follows:
Qex＝Qdci-Qfilt
in the formula, QfiltNIs the rated capacity of the AC filter; n is the number of the AC filter commissioning groups; u shapeaciAnd UaciNThe voltage and the rated voltage of the alternating current bus of the inverter station are respectively.
5. The method for determining the optimal amount of reactive power exchange between a converter station and an ac power grid according to claim 4, wherein: and 4, if the AC bus voltage of the converter station is selected to be controlled near the rated value as a control target, selecting the AC bus voltage of the converter station as an intersection point near the rated value, wherein the corresponding reactive power value is the optimal reactive power exchange quantity between the AC and DC systems, and the number of the correspondingly input AC filter sets is the optimal set number.
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