CN114069585B - Flexible fusion arc extinction method for single-phase earth fault of power distribution network - Google Patents
Flexible fusion arc extinction method for single-phase earth fault of power distribution network Download PDFInfo
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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Abstract
The invention provides a flexible fusion arc extinction method for a single-phase earth fault of a power distribution network, which adopts a cascade H-bridge converter as a flexible fusion arc extinction device, is based on a current-voltage double-closed-loop controller, and simultaneously takes fault point current and fault point voltage as control targets. The fusion arc extinguishing method does not need complex switching conditions, and the two arc extinguishing methods are simultaneously realized on one set of flexible arc extinguishing device, so that compared with the arc extinguishing method of using an arc extinguishing coil and an arc extinguishing cabinet in a matched manner, the investment of equipment and the cooperation among different devices are saved. The method is not only suitable for a neutral point ungrounded system, but also suitable for a neutral point arc suppression coil grounded system, is little influenced by transient current of the arc suppression coil and line impedance voltage drop, and has the advantages of a flexible current arc suppression method and a flexible voltage arc suppression method. The flexible arc extinction technology is promoted and applied in different power distribution systems.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of operation maintenance and fault handling of a power system and arc extinction of single-phase earth faults of a power grid, and particularly relates to a flexible fusion arc extinction method of single-phase earth faults of a power distribution network.
Background
The single-phase earth fault of the distribution network causes forest fire, equipment burning, personal electric shock and other accidents, and particularly the arc earth fault is extremely easy to cause secondary accidents such as ferromagnetic resonance, interphase short circuit and the like. Therefore, the suppression of single-phase earth fault arcs of the power distribution network has important significance. The vast majority of arc extinction devices widely used at present are passive arc extinction devices, and two main types are: arc suppression coil and arc suppression cabinet. The working principle of the arc suppression coil can be classified into a passive current arc suppression method, and the neutral point voltage after the ground fault generates inductive current on the arc suppression coil by connecting the neutral point with the arc suppression coil to compensate the capacitive current generated by the ground fault, so that the arc at the fault point is easy to extinguish. And the arc suppression cabinet transfers the fault point current of the unknown position to the metallic grounding at the bus by a fault transfer mode. The method suppresses the fault phase voltage at the bus to be close to zero, suppresses the fault point recovery voltage, makes the arc difficult to reburn, and can be classified as a voltage arc extinction method.
The main problems of the arc suppression coil are as follows: only the reactive component in the ground fault current can be compensated, the harmonic component and the active component cannot be compensated, and the intermittent arc ground fault cannot be suppressed. The main problems of the arc extinction cabinet are: the impact on the system is large when the device is put into and withdrawn, and ferromagnetic resonance is easy to be caused when the device is withdrawn, so that the device is generally required to be matched with a resonance elimination device. And when the metallic ground fault happens, the current compensation effect on the fault point is poor. In addition, it cannot be applied to low resistance ground faults occurring at the end of heavy-duty lines, and may even increase the fault point current.
Aiming at the problem of the arc suppression coil, scholars at home and abroad propose an active (flexible) arc suppression technology based on a power electronic converter, the power electronic converter is used as an arc suppression device or is used as a supplement of the arc suppression coil, active and harmonic components and transient components which cannot be compensated by the arc suppression coil are compensated, and the full compensation of the ground fault current and the suppression of intermittent arc overvoltage can be realized theoretically. However, the flexible arc extinguishing device based on the current arc extinguishing principle (the fault point current is the control object) has the following problems: firstly, the earth parameters, including the earth capacitance and the earth leakage resistance, need to be measured, and the earth parameter measurement technology must have higher precision. Secondly, the harmonic wave and transient component of the ground fault are difficult to extract or calculate, so that the realization difficulty of the harmonic wave component and transient component compensation is high, and the research and report of the content are relatively fresh. Third, for resonant grounding systems, the method has little compensation in the event of high resistance ground faults. The flexible arc extinguishing device based on the voltage arc extinguishing principle (taking the fault phase voltage as a control object) has the following problems: first, there is a risk of increasing fault point current when a low resistance ground fault occurs at the end of a heavy-duty line. Secondly, for a resonant grounding system, larger direct current exists in the injection current of the device. Thirdly, the compensation effect of the metallic grounding fault on the fault current is small, the fault current is still larger, and the risk of personal electric shock exists.
The existing flexible self-adaptive arc extinction method mainly avoids the problems of the current arc extinction method and the voltage arc extinction method by switching the modes of the current arc extinction method and the voltage arc extinction method. If a current arc extinction method is used in the case of low-resistance grounding faults, a voltage arc extinction method is used in the case of high-resistance grounding faults, but on the one hand, the switching condition is complex in calculation and difficult to realize; on the other hand, the low-resistance grounding fault still has the problems of the inherent current method that the measurement accuracy of the grounding parameter is influenced, and the like by using a current arc extinction method alone, and the high-resistance fault also has the problem of large direct current quantity of the device injection current in the resonance grounding system by using a voltage arc extinction method alone.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the blank and the deficiency of the prior art, the invention provides a flexible fusion arc extinction method for a single-phase earth fault of a power distribution network, which uses a cascade H-bridge converter as a flexible fusion arc extinction device, designs a current-voltage double-closed-loop controller, simultaneously uses fault point current and fault point voltage as control targets, respectively designs a flexible fusion arc extinction device to be injected into the current controller and a system zero sequence voltage controller, superimposes the output of the current and voltage controller and grid-connected point voltage as final control targets of the flexible fusion arc extinction device, modulates the output of the current and the voltage controllers and the grid-connected point voltage by a modulation algorithm to obtain a driving signal of a power electronic element, and compensates the fault point current while inhibiting the fault point voltage, thereby realizing the fusion of the current arc extinction method and the voltage arc extinction method. The fusion arc extinguishing method does not need complex switching conditions, and the two arc extinguishing methods are simultaneously realized on one set of flexible arc extinguishing device, so that compared with the arc extinguishing method of the cooperation of an arc extinguishing coil and an arc extinguishing cabinet, the investment of equipment and the cooperation among different devices are saved; the method is not only suitable for a neutral point ungrounded system, but also suitable for a neutral point arc suppression coil grounded system, is little influenced by transient current of the arc suppression coil and line impedance voltage drop, and has the advantages of a flexible current arc suppression method and a flexible voltage arc suppression method. The flexible arc extinction technology is promoted and applied in different power distribution systems.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a flexible fusion arc extinction method for single-phase earth faults of a power distribution network is characterized by comprising the following steps: the cascade H-bridge converter is adopted as a flexible fusion arc suppression device, and a current-voltage double closed loop controller is adopted as a control target, and meanwhile, fault point current and fault point voltage are adopted as control targets. Therefore, fusion of a current arc extinction method and a voltage arc extinction method is realized, and the two arc extinction methods simultaneously play roles in a set of flexible fusion arc extinction device.
Further, the cascade H-bridge converter adopts a single-phase cascade H-bridge converter which is directly connected with a neutral point or a phase line of a distribution line, or adopts a two-phase cascade H-bridge converter which is directly connected with two phases of the distribution line, or adopts a three-phase cascade H-bridge converter which is star-shaped, the common point is directly grounded through a switch or a single-phase cascade H-bridge converter, or is grounded through the single-phase cascade H-bridge converter, and the three-phase cascade H-bridge converter is directly connected with three phase lines of the distribution line.
Further, the fault point current is taken as a control target, and the target given quantity is obtained by multiplying the ground parameter and the negative value of the fault phase power supply voltage; the feedback quantity is an actual measurement value of the injection current of the flexible fusion arc suppression device; the closed loop controller adopts one of PID control, PR control, inversion control, sliding mode control and model prediction control.
Further, the fault point voltage is taken as a control target, the target given quantity is a fault phase power supply voltage negative value, and the feedback quantity is a system zero sequence voltage or a system neutral point voltage; the closed loop controller adopts one of PID control, PR control, inversion control, sliding mode control and model prediction control.
Further, the output of the flexible current closed-loop controller and the output of the flexible voltage closed-loop controller and the grid-connected point voltage are overlapped to serve as the final control target of the flexible arc extinguishing fusion device, and the injection current and the system zero sequence voltage of the flexible arc extinguishing fusion device are regulated and controlled.
Further, the injection current of the flexible fusion arc extinguishing device is as follows:
if the output voltage of the flexible arc extinguishing device is controlled to be a negative value of the voltage before the fault point faults, namely:
U Z ＝-U′ f
the fault point voltage is U f ＝U Z +U' f Zero, and taking neutral point voltage as a control target at the moment;
wherein, to make the fault point current zero, the zero sequence voltage U 0 Must be negative in the fault phase supply voltage, i.e. U 0 ＝-E f The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The system has three-phase symmetry of the earth leakage resistance and the earth capacitance, which are respectively r 0 And C 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the L is the equivalent inductance of the arc suppression coil, j represents complex number, and ω represents angular frequency.
Compared with the prior art, the invention and the preferable scheme thereof have the following beneficial effects:
1. in a neutral point ungrounded system, the flexible fusion arc suppression method provided by the invention has small influence on the measurement precision of the ground parameter compared with a single current arc suppression method, has small influence on the line impedance voltage drop compared with a single voltage arc suppression method, and has better compensation effect in the case of metallic ground faults.
2. Compared with a single current arc suppression method, the flexible fusion arc suppression method provided by the invention has the advantages that the influence on the measurement precision of the grounding parameter is small in a neutral point through arc suppression coil grounding system, and the suppression effect on the fault phase voltage is better when the medium-high resistance grounding fault exists; compared with a single voltage arc extinction method, the method has the advantages that the influence of line impedance voltage drop is small, the compensation effect is better when the metal ground fault occurs, and in addition, the direct current which is larger in injection current and slow in attenuation does not exist.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings and detailed description:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit principle of a flexible fusion arc suppression device using a cascaded H-bridge converter in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit of a fusion arc extinction method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a control strategy of a fused arc extinction method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the comparison of the effects of the fusion extinction method and the current extinction method and the voltage extinction method according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a graph showing the comparison of the arc extinguishing effect of the fusion arc extinguishing method and the voltage arc extinguishing method in the case of low-resistance ground fault according to the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the features and advantages of the present patent more comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below:
the embodiment shown in fig. 1 provides a design of a flexible fusion arc extinguishing method for a single-phase earth fault of a power distribution network, an equivalent circuit of the flexible fusion arc extinguishing method is shown in fig. 2, a cascade H-bridge converter is used as a flexible fusion arc extinguishing device, a controller is composed of a current-voltage double-closed loop controller, meanwhile, fault point current and fault point voltage are used as control targets, the flexible fusion arc extinguishing device is respectively designed to be injected into the current controller and a system zero sequence voltage controller, the output of the current-voltage controller, the grid-connected point voltage and the grid-connected point voltage are overlapped to be used as final control targets of the flexible fusion arc extinguishing device, a driving signal of a power electronic element is obtained after modulation algorithm, the fault point voltage is restrained, meanwhile, the fault point current is compensated, the fusion of the current arc extinguishing method and the voltage arc extinguishing method is realized, and the two arc extinguishing methods play roles on one set of flexible fusion arc extinguishing device.
Specifically, the flexible fusion arc suppression device in this embodiment adopts a cascaded H-bridge converter in a topology structure, and the cascaded H-bridge converter may be a single-phase cascaded H-bridge converter, which is directly connected to a neutral point or a phase line of a distribution line in a hanging manner; or a two-phase cascade H-bridge converter which is directly connected with two of the distribution lines in a hanging way; or the three-phase cascade H-bridge converter is connected with the star type, the common point is directly grounded through a switch or is grounded through the single-phase cascade H-bridge converter, and the three-phase cascade H-bridge converter is directly connected with three phase lines of a distribution line in a hanging mode.
When the flexible current closed-loop controller is used as a flexible current closed-loop controller, fault point current is used as a control target, and a target given quantity is obtained by multiplying a ground parameter and a negative value of a fault phase power supply voltage. The feedback quantity is an actual measurement value of the injection current of the flexible fusion arc extinction device. The closed loop controller adopts PID control.
When the flexible voltage closed-loop controller is used as a flexible voltage closed-loop controller, the fault point voltage is used as a control target, the target given quantity is the negative value of the fault phase power supply voltage, and the feedback quantity is the system zero sequence voltage or the system neutral point voltage. The closed loop controller adopts PID control.
The adopted flexible fusion arc extinction method is characterized in that the output of the flexible current closed-loop controller and the output of the flexible voltage closed-loop controller and the grid-connected point voltage are overlapped to be used as the final control target of the flexible fusion arc extinction device, and the injection current and the system zero sequence voltage of the flexible arc extinction fusion arc extinction device are regulated and controlled. The control block diagram is shown in fig. 3.
The following describes the technical solution of the present embodiment in detail from the principle point of view:
1. flexible arc extinction principle
According to ohm's law, the relation between the voltage and the current of the fault point is that
Therefore, the fault point current is zero and the fault point voltage is zero. However, when the metallic ground fault occurs, the fault point voltage is zero, and the fault point current is not zero. The ideal extinction result is zero both at the point of failure voltage and at the point of failure current.
From fig. 2, it is possible to obtain from Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL):
U 0 +U′ f -U f ＝0 (2)
assuming that the ground fault occurs in the A phase at the bus, the three relative ground parameters of the system before the ground fault are symmetrical, namely the zero sequence voltage U 'of the system before the fault' 0 Zero, then malfunctionThe voltage of the front fault point is U' f ＝E A +U' 0 ＝E A To make the fault point voltage U f At zero, as can be seen from equation (2), the zero sequence voltage must be:
U 0 ＝-U′ f ＝-E A (3)
the fault point current at this time is:
as can be seen from equations (3) and (4), the fault point current is zero and the resistance R transitions to ground f Irrespective of the fact that the first and second parts are.
From fig. 2, it is possible to obtain from Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL):
I Z +I L -I R -I C -I f ＝0 (5)
let the fault point current be zero, then the injection current is:
I Z ＝I R +I C -I L (6)
fault point current I f Is suppressed to zero. Ground leakage resistance current I of fault feeder Ri Capacitance current to ground I Ci And ground fault current I f Mix together so that the flexible arc suppression means compensates for the current I Z Cannot be obtained through real-time detection and extraction. But can be calculated by the voltage to ground and the parameter to ground, the calculation method is as follows:
wherein r is i (i=a, B, C) and C i (i=a, B, C) is the relative ground leakage resistance and capacitance to ground, assuming that the system is three-phase symmetric with respect to ground leakage resistance and capacitance to ground, r 0 And C 0 . Substituting the relation between each phase voltage and each phase power supply voltage into formula (7), and sorting to obtain
As can be seen from (4), to make the fault point current zero, the zero sequence voltage must be the negative of the fault phase supply voltage, i.e. U 0 ＝-E A . The flexible arc suppression device injects current as:
in this case, the injection current is used as a control target, and may be referred to as a current arc extinction method.
If the output voltage of the flexible arc extinguishing device is controlled to be a negative value of the voltage before the fault point is failed, namely
U Z ＝-U′ f (10)
The fault point voltage is U f ＝U Z +U' f At zero, the neutral point voltage is the control target, and may be referred to as a voltage extinction method.
2. Flexible fusion arc extinction principle
As can be seen from the formulas (8) and (9), when the current arc extinction method is adopted alone, namely the injection current of the flexible arc extinction device is controlled to be the reference current value shown in the formula (9), the zero sequence voltage is regulated and controlled to be U 0 ＝-E A The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the voltage arc extinction method is adopted alone, namely the zero sequence voltage is controlled to be the negative value of the fault phase power supply voltage, the injection current of the flexible arc extinction device is regulated and controlled to be the current shown in the formula (9). Therefore, no matter the current arc extinction method or the voltage arc extinction method is adopted, the ideal regulation and control results are that the current and the voltage of the fault point are zero, the regulation and control targets of the current and the voltage are consistent, and no conflict exists. The flexible fusion arc extinction method is based on the principle, and simultaneously adjusts and controls the injection current of the flexible arc extinction device and the zero sequence voltage of the system, wherein the injection current of the flexible arc extinction device is controlled to be the reference current shown in the (9) by using a current controller, and the zero sequence voltage of the system is controlled to be the negative value of the power supply voltage of the fault phase by using a voltage controller. The current and voltage double controllers regulate and control simultaneously, so that the fault point current and voltage are regulated and controlled to zero more rapidly and accurately, and the equivalent circuit diagram of the working principle is shown in figure 2Shown.
In a resonant grounding system, under the influence of transient current of an arc suppression coil, the single current arc suppression method has poor effect of suppressing fault phase voltage under the condition of high-resistance grounding fault, and the device injection current of the single voltage arc suppression method has larger direct current. The flexible fusion arc extinction method controls the zero sequence voltage of the system, and the voltage controller clamps the zero sequence voltage to be the negative value of the power supply voltage of the fault phase, so that the voltage of the fault phase can still be restrained to a lower value under the condition of high-resistance grounding fault; and meanwhile, the injection current of the device is regulated and controlled by the current controller to be a full compensation current value, so that the direct current of the device is quickly attenuated.
In order to enable a person of ordinary skill to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following further describes the solution of the present embodiment in combination with a simulation example.
And building a power distribution network simulation model containing 4 feeder lines by using PSCAD/EMTDC software. The distribution line adopts a Bergeron model. The 0.2s set up A phase ground fault, put into the flexible arc extinction device at 0.3s, the earthing transition resistance is 3000 omega, adopt the flexible current arc extinction method alone, adopt the voltage arc extinction method alone and adopt the compensation effect of fusion arc extinction method as shown in figure 4 in the resonance ground system. As can be seen from fig. 4, the suppression effect of the fault phase voltage is very small and the residual voltage is still very large when the flexible current arc extinction method is adopted alone; when a voltage arc extinction method is adopted independently, the fault phase voltage is suppressed to a lower value, but the injection current of the device has larger direct current; the fusion arc extinction method can effectively restrain the fault phase voltage, and the direct current of the injection current of the device is smaller and quickly decays to be close to zero.
And in the neutral point ungrounded system, a metallic grounding fault and a low-resistance grounding fault which occurs at the tail end of a heavy-load line are respectively arranged at a bus, namely, a 5 omega grounding fault occurs at the tail end of a 10km cable line with a load current of 280A, and the compensation effects of adopting a flexible current arc extinction method, a voltage arc extinction method and a fusion arc extinction method are shown in figure 5. As can be seen from fig. 5, the voltage arc extinction method is poor in arc extinction effect in the case of a metallic ground fault and a low-resistance ground fault at the end of a heavy-duty line. The arc extinction effect of the fusion arc extinction method is close to that of the current arc extinction method, and the voltage of the fault point and the current of the compensation fault point can be effectively restrained.
The embodiment provides a fusion arc extinction method which simultaneously applies a current arc extinction principle and a voltage arc extinction principle on a set of flexible arc extinction device. The cascade H-bridge converter is used as a flexible fusion arc suppression device, a current-voltage double-closed-loop controller is designed, meanwhile, fault point current and fault point voltage are used as control targets, the flexible fusion arc suppression device is respectively designed to be injected into the current controller and a system zero sequence voltage controller, the output of the current and voltage controllers and grid-connected point voltage are overlapped to be used as final control targets of the flexible fusion arc suppression device, a driving signal of a power electronic element is obtained after modulation of a modulation algorithm, the fault point voltage is restrained, meanwhile, the fault point current is compensated, and fusion of a current arc suppression method and a voltage arc suppression method is realized. The fusion arc extinguishing method does not need complex switching conditions, and the two arc extinguishing methods are simultaneously realized on one set of flexible arc extinguishing device, so that compared with the arc extinguishing method of the cooperation of an arc extinguishing coil and an arc extinguishing cabinet, the investment of equipment and the cooperation among different devices are saved; the method is not only suitable for a neutral point ungrounded system, but also suitable for a neutral point arc suppression coil grounded system, is little influenced by transient current of the arc suppression coil and line impedance voltage drop, and has the advantages of a flexible current arc suppression method and a flexible voltage arc suppression method. The flexible arc extinction technology is promoted and applied in different power distribution systems.
The patent is not limited to the best mode, any person can obtain other various types of single-phase grounding fault flexible fusion arc extinction methods of the power distribution network under the teaching of the patent, and all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the application scope of the invention belong to the coverage scope of the patent.
Claims (4)
1. A flexible fusion arc extinction method for single-phase earth faults of a power distribution network is characterized by comprising the following steps: adopting a cascade H-bridge converter as a flexible fusion arc suppression device, and taking fault point current and fault point voltage as control targets based on a current-voltage double closed-loop controller;
the output of the flexible current closed-loop controller and the output of the flexible voltage closed-loop controller are overlapped to serve as the final control target of the flexible fusion arc extinguishing device, and the injection current and the system zero sequence voltage of the flexible arc extinguishing fusion arc extinguishing device are regulated and controlled;
the injection current of the flexible fusion arc extinction device is as follows:
if the output voltage of the flexible arc extinguishing device is controlled to be a negative value of the voltage before the fault point faults, namely:
U Z ＝-U′ f
the fault point voltage is U f ＝U Z +U′ f Zero, and taking neutral point voltage as a control target at the moment;
wherein, to make the fault point current zero, the zero sequence voltage U 0 Must be negative in the fault phase supply voltage, i.e. U 0 ＝-E A The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The system has three-phase symmetry of the earth leakage resistance and the earth capacitance, which are respectively r 0 And C 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the L is the equivalent inductance of the arc suppression coil, j represents complex number, and ω represents angular frequency.
2. The power distribution network single-phase earth fault flexible fusion arc extinction method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the cascade H-bridge converter adopts a single-phase cascade H-bridge converter which is directly connected with a neutral point or a phase line of a distribution line in a hanging mode, or adopts a two-phase cascade H-bridge converter which is directly connected with two phases of the distribution line in a hanging mode, or adopts a three-phase cascade H-bridge converter which is connected with a star mode, a common point is grounded through a switch or directly or through the single-phase cascade H-bridge converter, and the three-phase cascade H-bridge converter is directly connected with three phase lines of the distribution line in a hanging mode.
3. The power distribution network single-phase earth fault flexible fusion arc extinction method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: taking the fault point current as a control target, wherein the target given quantity is obtained by multiplying the ground parameter and the negative value of the fault phase power supply voltage; the feedback quantity is an actual measurement value of the injection current of the flexible fusion arc suppression device; the closed loop controller adopts one of PID control, PR control, inversion control, sliding mode control and model prediction control.
4. The power distribution network single-phase earth fault flexible fusion arc extinction method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: taking the fault point voltage as a control target, wherein the target given quantity is a fault phase power supply voltage negative value, and the feedback quantity is a system zero sequence voltage or a system neutral point voltage; the closed loop controller adopts one of PID control, PR control, inversion control, sliding mode control and model prediction control.
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