CN113908652B - Process for reducing smoke dust emission of cupola furnace in foundry - Google Patents

Process for reducing smoke dust emission of cupola furnace in foundry Download PDF

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CN113908652B
CN113908652B CN202111055063.3A CN202111055063A CN113908652B CN 113908652 B CN113908652 B CN 113908652B CN 202111055063 A CN202111055063 A CN 202111055063A CN 113908652 B CN113908652 B CN 113908652B
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parts
chitosan
cupola furnace
smoke
weight
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CN113908652A (en
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安通
赵传福
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Jinan Pingyin County Malleable Cast Iron Factory
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Jinan Pingyin County Malleable Cast Iron Factory
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Abstract

The invention discloses a process for reducing smoke dust emission of a cupola furnace in a foundry, which belongs to the field of high-temperature smoke treatment and comprises the following steps: erecting a pipeline with the same size as the diameter of the furnace mouth at the position of a smoke outlet of a cupola furnace chimney, and guiding the smoke to a cyclone dust collector by using a fan, wherein a filter screen is arranged above the cyclone dust collector; enabling the residual gas to enter a bag-type dust collector after passing through a flame arrester, wherein a bag made of non-woven fabrics is arranged in the bag-type dust collector to collect the smoke, and a pulse valve is arranged on the bag; the cloth bag is internally provided with a dust adsorbent special for cupola furnace flue gas; according to the process for reducing smoke dust emission of the cupola furnace in the foundry, the cyclone dust collector is arranged to deposit and screen out particulate matters and the like in the flue, and the dust in the flue gas is absorbed by the bag-type dust collector and then collected, so that the emission concentration of pollution to the atmosphere in the smelting process of the cupola furnace is greatly reduced to be less than half of the original emission concentration and is far less than the smoke emission standard of an industrial area.

Description

Process for reducing smoke dust emission of cupola furnace in foundry
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-temperature flue gas treatment, in particular to a process for reducing smoke dust emission of a cupola furnace in a foundry.
Background
The cupola furnace is used as a core device of the foundry industry, and how to reduce the emission of smoke dust and waste gas is always a difficult problem of a foundry enterprise, because of the special performance of the foundry furnace, the smoke dust discharged by the cupola furnace has the following characteristics that the first temperature is high and is generally over 100 ℃, and in order to prevent the burning of a filter bag of a dust remover caused by overhigh temperature of the smoke gas, a flame arrester is installed before entering a bag-type dust remover, the highest upper limit temperature is set, the theoretical highest upper limit temperature is 100 ℃, after reaching or exceeding the data, the flame arrester controlled by a cylinder automatically falls down, isolates high-temperature gas and gives an alarm, and in order to protect the safe operation of equipment, the upper limit temperature of the flame arrester is generally set to be about 75 ℃ in production; secondly, the dust in the flue gas has low density at high temperature and is difficult to settle, so the conventional dust adsorbent has poor adsorption on the flue gas dust of the cupola furnace.
Patent CN111229163A discloses a dust adsorbent, which is prepared from sodium silicate, activated carbon, nanometer rare earth oxide and the like, and has unique three-dimensional space cavity, and can effectively adsorb PM2.5 solid particles and improve air environment. Patent CN105413421A discloses a comprehensive treatment adsorbent for adsorbing sulfur dioxide and dust, which contains protein ion membrane liquid, amphoteric surfactant and foam stabilizer, can adsorb sulfur dioxide and dust in the air, and has good environmental and social benefits. In addition, the cupola contains a large amount of acidic solid particles, which causes the deterioration of the adsorbent, affects the service life of the conventional adsorbent, and the adsorbent contains a large amount of pollutants after use, thus being difficult to treat
Therefore, the research and development of a process suitable for cupola furnace smoke emission, the maximum reduction of smoke emission and the reduction of environmental pollution caused by the casting industry are problems to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of reducing the smoke emission of a cupola furnace in a foundry, and provides a system and a process for reducing the smoke emission of the cupola furnace in the foundry.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a process for reducing smoke dust emission of a cupola furnace in a foundry comprises the following steps:
(1) Erecting a pipeline with the same size as the diameter of the furnace mouth at the position of the smoke outlet of the cupola furnace chimney, guiding the smoke to a cyclone dust collector by using a fan, arranging a filter screen above the cyclone dust collector, settling and screening particulate matters and light impurities in the smoke, and collecting the smoke at an ash outlet below the cyclone dust collector;
(2) After the primary screening of the cyclone dust collector, the residual gas enters a bag-type dust collector after passing through a flame arrester, a bag made of non-woven fabrics arranged in the bag-type dust collector collects the smoke, a pulse valve is arranged on the bag, and the pulse valve performs shock pressure collection on the filtered residual substances;
the cloth bag is filled with a dust adsorbent special for cupola furnace flue gas; the special dust adsorbent for the cupola furnace flue gas comprises the following components in parts by weight:
15-25 parts of calcium carbonate, 5-15 parts of calcium hydroxide, 20-30 parts of activated carbon, 10-20 parts of a nano oxide and 40-50 parts of a modified chitosan-diatomite material;
the modified chitosan-diatomite material is prepared by the following steps:
(1) adding 20 to 30 parts by weight of chitosan and 25 to 35 parts by weight of diatomite into 200 to 250 parts by weight of water, adding an organic acid into the water under stirring, and adjusting the pH to be 3 to 4 to obtain a chitosan gel solution;
(2) adding 25 parts of sawdust and 0.1 to 0.3 part of magnesium stearate into 200 to 220 parts of water, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a sawdust water dispersion, then adding 0.5 to 1 part of ethyl orthosilicate, stirring for 2 to 3 hours, standing and aging for 10 to 12 hours, carrying out suction filtration, adding a filter cake into the chitosan gel solution obtained in the step (1), and carrying out spray drying to obtain the modified chitosan-diatomite material.
Preferably, the mesh number of the filter screen is 10 to 20 meshes.
Preferably, the organic acid is formic acid or acetic acid.
Preferably, the chitosan has a molecular weight of more than 20 ten thousand and a degree of deacetylation of more than 80%.
Preferably, the nano oxide is nano titanium dioxide, nano zinc oxide or nano aluminum oxide.
Preferably, the mesh number of the activated carbon is 100 to 200 meshes.
Preferably, the dust adsorbent special for cupola furnace flue gas consists of the following components in parts by weight:
20 parts of calcium carbonate, 12 parts of calcium hydroxide, 25 parts of activated carbon, 14 parts of nano titanium dioxide and 46 parts of modified chitosan-diatomite material;
the modified chitosan-diatomite material is prepared by the following steps:
(1) adding 25 parts by weight of chitosan and 30 parts by weight of diatomite into 220 parts by weight of water, adding organic acid while stirring, and adjusting the pH value to 3 to 4 to obtain a chitosan gel solution;
(2) adding 25 parts of sawdust and 0.2 part of magnesium stearate into 210 parts of water, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a sawdust water dispersion, then adding 0.8 part of ethyl orthosilicate, stirring for 2.5 hours, standing and aging for 11 hours, performing suction filtration, adding a filter cake into the chitosan gel solution obtained in the step (1), and performing spray drying to obtain the modified chitosan-diatomite material.
Preferably, the dust adsorbent special for cupola furnace flue gas is prepared by the following steps:
uniformly mixing 15 to 25 parts by weight of calcium carbonate, 5 to 15 parts by weight of calcium hydroxide, 20 to 30 parts by weight of activated carbon, 10 to 20 parts by weight of nano oxide and 40 to 50 parts by weight of modified chitosan-diatomite material, spraying 10 to 20 parts by weight of water in the mixing process, and drying until the water content is lower than 5% to obtain the dust adsorbent special for the cupola furnace smoke;
the modified chitosan-diatomite material is prepared by the following steps:
(1) adding 20 to 30 parts by weight of chitosan and 25 to 35 parts by weight of diatomite into 200 to 250 parts by weight of water, adding an organic acid into the water under stirring, and adjusting the pH to be 3 to 4 to obtain a chitosan gel solution;
(2) adding 25 parts of sawdust and 0.1 to 0.3 part of magnesium stearate into 200 to 220 parts of water, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a sawdust water dispersion, then adding 0.5 to 1 part of tetraethoxysilane into the sawdust water dispersion, stirring for 2 to 3 hours, standing and aging for 10 to 12 hours, carrying out suction filtration, adding a filter cake into the chitosan gel solution obtained in the step (1), and carrying out spray drying to obtain the modified chitosan-diatomite material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the process for reducing smoke dust emission of cupola furnaces in foundries comprises the steps of installing the cyclone dust collector to deposit and screen out particulate matters and the like in a flue, adsorbing dust in smoke gas by the bag-type dust collector and collecting the dust, greatly reducing pollution to the atmosphere in the smelting process of the cupola furnaces, and detecting the smoke gas of the cupola furnaces treated by the method to ensure that the emission concentration of the smoke dust can be changed from the original 180mg/Nm 3 About, the ratio is reduced to 80 to 90mg/Nm 3 The emission concentration is less than half of the original emission concentration and is far less than the flue gas emission standard of an industrial area; a flame arrester is installed in front of the bag-type dust collector, and when the highest upper limit reaches or exceeds the temperature, the flame arrester controlled by the cylinder automatically falls down to isolate high-temperature gas and give an alarm, so that the safe operation of equipment is protected;
according to the process for reducing smoke dust emission of the cupola furnace in the foundry, the special dust adsorbent for the cupola furnace smoke in the cloth bag adsorbs dust in high-temperature smoke, so that acidic substances can be neutralized, sulfur-containing substances in the cupola furnace smoke can be adsorbed, and the process has a neutralizing effect on the cupola furnace smoke and dust and can reduce environmental pollution; the activated carbon has excellent adsorption effect and can adsorb small-molecule toxic substances in solid particles; furthermore, chitosan in the modified chitosan-diatomite material contains a large number of naked amino groups, can be combined with acidic substances in the cupola smoke dust, and greatly increases the contact area of the chitosan and the diatomite with the smoke dust through the gel treatment of the chitosan and the diatomite, and promotes the adsorption of the smoke gas; on the other hand, the saw dust is hydrolyzed by ethyl orthosilicate to obtain sol which has certain cohesiveness and can be connected to chitosan and diatomite, the saw dust is reacted at a high-temperature flue gas temperature to form a porous shape inside the chitosan and the diatomite, the adsorption area of the flue gas is greatly increased, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced, the maximum upper limit of the flame arrester can be set to be 90-95 ℃ in production, the cooling time of the flue gas of the cupola furnace is greatly reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.
In addition, the dust adsorbent can be directly buried in soil after adsorbing a large amount of solid dust, chitosan can be degraded and can be used as a fertilizer to provide nutrition for plants, and the nano oxide, the calcium carbonate and the calcium hydroxide can provide metal ions and trace elements for the soil, so that secondary pollution to the soil can be avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the equipment through which cupola flue gas is emitted.
Detailed Description
The invention aims to provide a process for reducing smoke dust emission of a cupola furnace in a foundry, which is realized by the following technical scheme:
a process for reducing smoke dust emission of a cupola furnace in a foundry comprises the following steps:
(1) A pipeline 2 with the same size as the diameter of the furnace mouth is erected at the position of a smoke outlet 1 of a cupola furnace chimney, the smoke is guided to a cyclone dust collector 9 by a fan 3, a filter screen 8 is arranged above the cyclone dust collector 9, particles and light impurities in the smoke are precipitated and screened, and the smoke is collected at an ash outlet 10 below the filter screen;
(2) After primary screening by a cyclone dust collector 9, residual gas enters a bag-type dust collector 7 after passing through a flame arrester 4, a bag 6 made of non-woven fabrics is arranged in the bag-type dust collector 7 to collect flue gas, a pulse valve 5 is arranged on the bag, and the pulse valve 5 performs vibration pressure collection on the filtered residual substances;
the cloth bag is filled with a dust adsorbent special for cupola furnace flue gas; the special dust adsorbent for the cupola furnace flue gas comprises the following components in parts by weight:
15-25 parts of calcium carbonate, 5-15 parts of calcium hydroxide, 20-30 parts of activated carbon, 10-20 parts of nano oxide and 40-50 parts of modified chitosan-diatomite material;
the modified chitosan-diatomite material is prepared according to the following steps:
(1) adding 20 to 30 parts by weight of chitosan and 25 to 35 parts by weight of diatomite into 200 to 250 parts by weight of water, adding organic acid under stirring, and adjusting the pH value to 3 to 4 to obtain a chitosan gel solution;
(2) adding 25 parts of sawdust and 0.1 to 0.3 part of magnesium stearate into 200 to 220 parts of water, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a sawdust water dispersion, then adding 0.5 to 1 part of ethyl orthosilicate, stirring for 2 to 3 hours, standing and aging for 10 to 12 hours, carrying out suction filtration, adding a filter cake into the chitosan gel solution obtained in the step (1), and carrying out spray drying to obtain the modified chitosan-diatomite material.
Preferably, the mesh number of the filter screen is 10 to 20 meshes.
Preferably, the organic acid is formic acid or acetic acid.
Preferably, the molecular weight of the chitosan is more than 20 ten thousand, and the deacetylation degree is more than 80%.
Preferably, the nano oxide is nano titanium dioxide, nano zinc oxide or nano aluminum oxide.
Preferably, the mesh number of the activated carbon is 100 to 200 meshes.
Preferably, the dust adsorbent special for cupola furnace flue gas consists of the following components in parts by weight:
20 parts of calcium carbonate, 12 parts of calcium hydroxide, 25 parts of activated carbon, 14 parts of nano titanium dioxide and 46 parts of modified chitosan-diatomite material;
the modified chitosan-diatomite material is prepared according to the following steps:
(1) adding 25 parts by weight of chitosan and 30 parts by weight of diatomite into 220 parts by weight of water, adding organic acid while stirring, and adjusting the pH value to 3 to 4 to obtain a chitosan gel solution;
(2) adding 25 parts of sawdust and 0.2 part of magnesium stearate into 210 parts of water, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a sawdust water dispersion, then adding 0.8 part of tetraethoxysilane into the sawdust water dispersion, stirring for 2.5 hours, standing and aging for 11 hours, carrying out suction filtration, adding a filter cake into the chitosan gel solution obtained in the step (1), and carrying out spray drying to obtain the modified chitosan-diatomite material.
Preferably, the dust adsorbent special for cupola furnace flue gas is prepared according to the following steps:
uniformly mixing 15 to 25 parts of calcium carbonate, 5 to 15 parts of calcium hydroxide, 20 to 30 parts of activated carbon, 10 to 20 parts of nano oxide and 40 to 50 parts of modified chitosan-diatomite material in parts by weight, spraying 10 to 20 parts of water in the mixing process, and drying until the water content is lower than 5% to obtain the special dust adsorbent for the flue gas of the cupola furnace;
the modified chitosan-diatomite material is prepared according to the following steps:
(1) adding 20 to 30 parts by weight of chitosan and 25 to 35 parts by weight of diatomite into 200 to 250 parts by weight of water, adding organic acid under stirring, and adjusting the pH value to 3 to 4 to obtain a chitosan gel solution;
(2) adding 25 parts of sawdust and 0.1 to 0.3 part of magnesium stearate into 200 to 220 parts of water, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a sawdust water dispersion, then adding 0.5 to 1 part of ethyl orthosilicate, stirring for 2 to 3 hours, standing and aging for 10 to 12 hours, carrying out suction filtration, adding a filter cake into the chitosan gel solution obtained in the step (1), and carrying out spray drying to obtain the modified chitosan-diatomite material.
The process for reducing the emission of the smoke dust by the cupola furnace in the foundry can ensure that the emission concentration of the smoke dust is changed from the original 180mg/Nm 3 (left and right)Reduced to 80-90 mg/Nm 3 The emission concentration is less than half of the original emission concentration, the upper limit temperature of the flame arrester in production is increased to 90 to 95 ℃ from about 75 ℃, the cooling time of the cupola flue gas is greatly reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
A process for reducing smoke emissions from a foundry cupola furnace, as shown in figure 1, comprising the steps of:
the method includes the steps that a pipeline with the same size as the diameter of a furnace opening is erected at the position of a smoke outlet of a cupola furnace chimney, smoke is guided to a cyclone dust collector by a fan, a 20-mesh filter screen is arranged above the cyclone dust collector, particulate matters and light sundries in the smoke are precipitated and screened out, and an ash outlet is arranged below the cyclone dust collector and collected;
secondly, after primary screening by a cyclone dust collector, residual gas enters a bag-type dust collector after passing through a flame arrester, a cloth bag made of non-woven fabrics and arranged in the bag-type dust collector collects flue gas, and a pulse valve is arranged on the cloth bag and used for collecting the filtered residual substances in a jolt-squeeze mode;
the cloth bag is internally provided with a dust adsorbent special for cupola furnace flue gas; the special dust adsorbent for the cupola furnace flue gas consists of the following components:
15kg of calcium carbonate, 5kg of calcium hydroxide, 20kg of active carbon, 10kg of nano oxide and 40kg of modified chitosan-diatomite material;
the modified chitosan-diatomite material is prepared according to the following steps:
(1) adding 20kg of chitosan and 25kg of diatomite into 200kg of water, adding organic acid while stirring, and adjusting the pH to 3 to 4 to obtain a chitosan gel solution;
(2) adding 25kg of sawdust and 0.1kg of magnesium stearate into 200kg of water, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a sawdust water dispersion, then adding 0.5kg of ethyl orthosilicate, stirring for 2 hours, standing and aging for 10 hours, performing suction filtration, adding a filter cake into the chitosan gel solution obtained in the step (1), and performing spray drying to obtain a modified chitosan-diatomite material;
uniformly mixing 15kg of calcium carbonate, 5kg of calcium hydroxide, 20kg of activated carbon, 10kg of nano oxide and 40kg of modified chitosan-diatomite material, spraying 18kg of water in the mixing process, and drying until the moisture is lower than 5% to obtain the special dust adsorbent for cupola flue gas.
Example 2
A process for reducing smoke dust emission of a cupola furnace in a foundry comprises the following steps:
the method includes the steps that a pipeline with the same size as the diameter of a furnace opening is erected at the position of a smoke outlet of a cupola furnace chimney, smoke is guided to a cyclone dust collector by a fan, a 10-mesh filter screen is arranged above the cyclone dust collector, particulate matters and light sundries in the smoke are precipitated and screened out, and an ash outlet is arranged below the cyclone dust collector and collected;
secondly, after primary screening by a cyclone dust collector, residual gas enters a bag-type dust collector after passing through a flame arrester, a cloth bag made of non-woven fabrics and arranged in the bag-type dust collector collects flue gas, and a pulse valve is arranged on the cloth bag and used for collecting the filtered residual substances in a jolt-squeeze mode;
the cloth bag is internally provided with a dust adsorbent special for cupola furnace flue gas; the dust adsorbent special for the cupola furnace flue gas comprises the following components:
25kg of calcium carbonate, 15kg of calcium hydroxide, 30kg of activated carbon, 20kg of nano alumina and 50kg of modified chitosan-diatomite material;
the modified chitosan-diatomite material is prepared according to the following steps:
(1) adding 30kg of chitosan and 35kg of diatomite into 250kg of water, adding organic acid while stirring, and adjusting the pH to 3 to 4 to obtain a chitosan gel solution; the molecular weight of the chitosan is more than 20 ten thousand, and the deacetylation degree is more than 80%;
(2) adding 25kg of sawdust and 0.3kg of magnesium stearate into 220kg of water, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a sawdust water dispersion, then adding 1kg of ethyl orthosilicate, stirring for 3 hours, standing and aging for 12 hours, performing suction filtration, adding a filter cake into the chitosan gel solution obtained in the step (1), and performing spray drying to obtain a modified chitosan-diatomite material;
uniformly mixing 25kg of calcium carbonate, 15kg of calcium hydroxide, 30kg of activated carbon, 20kg of nano alumina and 50kg of modified chitosan-diatomite material, spraying 12kg of water in the mixing process, and drying until the moisture content is lower than 5% to obtain the special dust adsorbent for the cupola flue gas.
Example 3
A process for reducing smoke dust emission of a cupola furnace in a foundry comprises the following steps:
the method includes the steps that a pipeline with the same size as the diameter of a furnace opening is erected at the position of a smoke outlet of a cupola furnace smoke cylinder, smoke is guided to a cyclone dust collector by a fan, a 12-mesh filter screen is arranged above the cyclone dust collector, particles and light impurities in the smoke are precipitated and screened, and are collected at an ash outlet below the cyclone dust collector;
secondly, after primary screening by a cyclone dust collector, residual gas enters a bag-type dust collector after passing through a flame arrester, a cloth bag made of non-woven fabrics and arranged in the bag-type dust collector collects flue gas, and a pulse valve is arranged on the cloth bag and used for collecting the filtered residual substances in a jolt-squeeze mode;
the cloth bag is internally provided with a dust adsorbent special for cupola furnace flue gas; the special dust adsorbent for the cupola furnace flue gas consists of the following components:
18kg of calcium carbonate, 12kg of calcium hydroxide, 24kg of activated carbon, 14kg of nano zinc oxide and 48kg of modified chitosan-diatomite material;
the modified chitosan-diatomite material is prepared according to the following steps:
(1) adding 28kg of chitosan and 28kg of diatomite into 220kg of water, adding formic acid while stirring, and adjusting the pH to 3 to 4 to obtain a chitosan gel solution; the molecular weight of the chitosan is more than 20 ten thousand, and the deacetylation degree is more than 80%;
(2) adding 25kg of sawdust and 0.15kg of magnesium stearate into 205kg of water, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a sawdust water dispersion, then adding 0.6kg of tetraethoxysilane into the sawdust water dispersion, stirring for 2.5 hours, standing and aging for 10.5 hours, performing suction filtration, adding a filter cake into the chitosan gel solution obtained in the step (1), and performing spray drying to obtain a modified chitosan-diatomite material;
uniformly mixing 18kg of calcium carbonate and calcium carbonate, 12kg of calcium hydroxide, 24kg of activated carbon, 14kg of nano zinc oxide and 48kg of modified chitosan-diatomite material, spraying 10kg of water in the mixing process, and drying until the water content is lower than 5% to obtain the special dust adsorbent for the cupola furnace flue gas.
Example 4
A process for reducing smoke dust emission of a cupola furnace in a foundry comprises the following steps:
the method includes the steps that a pipeline with the same size as the diameter of a furnace opening is erected at the position of a smoke outlet of a cupola furnace smoke cylinder, smoke is guided to a cyclone dust collector by a fan, a 15-mesh filter screen is arranged above the cyclone dust collector, particles and light impurities in the smoke are precipitated and screened, and are collected at an ash outlet below the cyclone dust collector;
secondly, after primary screening by a cyclone dust collector, residual gas enters a bag-type dust collector after passing through a flame arrester, a cloth bag made of non-woven fabrics and arranged in the bag-type dust collector collects flue gas, and a pulse valve is arranged on the cloth bag and used for collecting the filtered residual substances in a jolt-squeeze mode;
the cloth bag is filled with a dust adsorbent special for cupola furnace flue gas; the special dust adsorbent for the cupola furnace flue gas consists of the following components:
20kg of calcium carbonate, 12kg of calcium hydroxide, 25kg of activated carbon, 14kg of nano titanium dioxide and 46kg of modified chitosan-diatomite material;
the modified chitosan-diatomite material is prepared according to the following steps:
(1) adding 25kg of chitosan and 30kg of diatomite into 220kg of water, adding acetic acid while stirring, and adjusting the pH to 3 to 4 to obtain a chitosan gel solution; the molecular weight of the chitosan is more than 20 ten thousand, and the deacetylation degree is more than 80%;
(2) adding 25kg of sawdust and 0.2kg of magnesium stearate into 210kg of water, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a sawdust water dispersion, then adding 0.8kg of ethyl orthosilicate, stirring for 2.5 hours, standing and aging for 11 hours, performing suction filtration, adding a filter cake into the chitosan gel solution obtained in the step (1), and performing spray drying to obtain a modified chitosan-diatomite material;
uniformly mixing 20kg of calcium carbonate, 12kg of calcium hydroxide, 25kg of activated carbon, 14kg of nano titanium dioxide and 46kg of modified chitosan-diatomite material, spraying 20kg of water in the mixing process, and drying until the moisture is lower than 5% to obtain the special dust adsorbent for cupola flue gas.

Claims (6)

1. A technology for reducing smoke dust emission of a cupola furnace in a foundry is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Erecting a pipeline with the same size as the diameter of the furnace mouth at the position of the smoke outlet of the cupola furnace chimney, guiding the smoke to a cyclone dust collector by using a fan, arranging a filter screen above the cyclone dust collector, settling and screening particulate matters and light impurities in the smoke, and collecting the smoke at an ash outlet below the cyclone dust collector;
(2) After the primary screening of the cyclone dust collector, the residual gas enters a bag-type dust collector after passing through a flame arrester, a bag made of non-woven fabrics is arranged in the bag-type dust collector to collect the flue gas, a pulse valve is arranged on the bag, and the pulse valve is used for collecting the filtered residual substances by means of vibration and pressure;
the cloth bag is internally provided with a dust adsorbent special for cupola furnace flue gas; the special dust adsorbent for the cupola furnace flue gas comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of calcium carbonate, 5-15 parts of calcium hydroxide, 20-30 parts of activated carbon, 10-20 parts of nano oxide and 40-50 parts of modified chitosan-diatomite material;
the modified chitosan-diatomite material is prepared according to the following steps:
(1) adding 20 to 30 parts by weight of chitosan and 25 to 35 parts by weight of diatomite into 200 to 250 parts by weight of water, adding organic acid under stirring, and adjusting the pH value to 3 to 4 to obtain a chitosan gel solution; the organic acid is formic acid or acetic acid;
(2) adding 25 parts of sawdust and 0.1 to 0.3 part of magnesium stearate into 200 to 220 parts of water, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a sawdust water dispersion, then adding 0.5 to 1 part of ethyl orthosilicate, stirring for 2 to 3 hours, standing and aging for 10 to 12 hours, carrying out suction filtration, adding a filter cake into the chitosan gel solution obtained in the step (1), and carrying out spray drying to obtain a modified chitosan-diatomite material;
the nano oxide is nano titanium dioxide, nano zinc oxide or nano aluminum oxide.
2. The process of claim 1 for reducing smoke emissions from a foundry cupola furnace, wherein: the mesh number of the filter screen is 10 to 20 meshes.
3. The process of claim 1 for reducing smoke emissions from a foundry cupola furnace, wherein: the molecular weight of the chitosan is more than 20 ten thousand, and the deacetylation degree is more than 80%.
4. The process of claim 1 for reducing smoke emissions from a foundry cupola furnace, wherein: the mesh number of the active carbon is 100 to 200 meshes.
5. The process of claim 1 for reducing smoke emissions from a foundry cupola furnace, wherein: the special dust adsorbent for the cupola furnace flue gas comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of calcium carbonate, 12 parts of calcium hydroxide, 25 parts of activated carbon, 14 parts of nano titanium dioxide and 46 parts of modified chitosan-diatomite material; the modified chitosan-diatomite material is prepared according to the following steps:
adding 25 parts by weight of chitosan and 30 parts by weight of diatomite into 220 parts by weight of water, adding organic acid while stirring, and adjusting the pH value to 3 to 4 to obtain a chitosan gel solution;
adding 25 parts of sawdust and 0.2 part of magnesium stearate into 210 parts of water, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a sawdust water dispersion, then adding 0.8 part of ethyl orthosilicate, stirring for 2.5 hours, standing and aging for 11 hours, performing suction filtration, adding a filter cake into the chitosan gel solution obtained in the step (1), and performing spray drying to obtain the modified chitosan-diatomite material.
6. The process of claim 1 for reducing smoke emissions from a foundry cupola furnace, wherein: the special dust adsorbent for cupola flue gas is prepared by the following steps:
uniformly mixing 15 to 25 parts of calcium carbonate, 5 to 15 parts of calcium hydroxide, 20 to 30 parts of activated carbon, 10 to 20 parts of nano oxide and 40 to 50 parts of modified chitosan-diatomite material in parts by weight, spraying 10 to 20 parts of water in the mixing process, and drying until the water content is lower than 5% to obtain the special dust adsorbent for the flue gas of the cupola furnace;
the modified chitosan-diatomite material is prepared by the following steps:
(1) adding 20 to 30 parts by weight of chitosan and 25 to 35 parts by weight of diatomite into 200 to 250 parts by weight of water, adding an organic acid into the water under stirring, and adjusting the pH to be 3 to 4 to obtain a chitosan gel solution;
(2) adding 25 parts of sawdust and 0.1 to 0.3 part of magnesium stearate into 200 to 220 parts of water, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a sawdust water dispersion, then adding 0.5 to 1 part of ethyl orthosilicate, stirring for 2 to 3 hours, standing and aging for 10 to 12 hours, carrying out suction filtration, adding a filter cake into the chitosan gel solution obtained in the step (1), and carrying out spray drying to obtain the modified chitosan-diatomite material.
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