CN113612393A - Power supply circuit, direct current power supply and photovoltaic system - Google Patents

Power supply circuit, direct current power supply and photovoltaic system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113612393A
CN113612393A CN202111002516.6A CN202111002516A CN113612393A CN 113612393 A CN113612393 A CN 113612393A CN 202111002516 A CN202111002516 A CN 202111002516A CN 113612393 A CN113612393 A CN 113612393A
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circuit
voltage
power supply
sharing
switching
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CN202111002516.6A
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CN113612393B (en
Inventor
李随军
胡方
张骕骦
王富
黄瑞
郭红强
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Sungrow Power Supply Co Ltd
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Sungrow Power Supply Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a power circuit, a direct current power supply and a photovoltaic system, which are applied to the technical field of power electronics, wherein the power circuit comprises a voltage equalizing circuit and a power converting circuit which are respectively connected with a direct current bus, the voltage equalizing circuit is provided with a voltage equalizing connecting end, the power converting circuit comprises a flyback transformer, a switching circuit, a clamping circuit and an output circuit, wherein, a primary winding of the flyback transformer is connected with the switching circuit in series, meanwhile, the primary winding of the flyback transformer is connected with the voltage equalizing connecting end of the voltage equalizing circuit through the clamping circuit, the output circuit is connected with a secondary winding of the flyback transformer, in the power circuit provided by the invention, a turn-off voltage born by the switching circuit can be clamped to the voltage equalizing voltage output by the voltage equalizing circuit, as the voltage equalizing voltage is less than the bus voltage, the requirement on the type selection of the switching circuit can be further reduced, and the whole cost of the power circuit can be reduced, and overall reliability is improved.

Description

Power supply circuit, direct current power supply and photovoltaic system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to a power circuit, a direct-current power supply and a photovoltaic system.
Background
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a circuit topology diagram of a flyback power supply circuit commonly used in a photovoltaic system, the power supply circuit includes components such as switching tubes Q1, Q2, clamping diodes D1, D2, a flyback transformer, and a corresponding output circuit, and the off-state voltage of the switching tubes is greater than a bus voltage U of a dc busBUSWhen the clamping diode D1 or the clamping diode D2 is in a conducting state, the turn-off voltage of the switch tube Q1 or the switch tube Q2 is clamped to the bus voltage.
However, as the bus voltage in the photovoltaic system is higher and higher, the turn-off voltage borne by each switching tube in the flyback power supply circuit of the dual switching tubes shown in fig. 1 is also higher, which brings difficulty to the type selection of the switching tubes and affects the overall cost of the power supply circuit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a power circuit, a direct-current power supply and a photovoltaic system, which are provided with a voltage equalizing circuit and a clamping circuit, so that the turn-off voltage born by a switching circuit in the power circuit can be clamped to the voltage equalizing voltage output by the voltage equalizing circuit, and the voltage equalizing voltage is less than the bus voltage, so that the requirement on the type selection of the switching circuit can be reduced, the overall cost of the power circuit is reduced, and the overall reliability is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a power supply circuit comprising: a voltage equalizing circuit and a power conversion circuit, wherein,
the voltage equalizing circuit and the power supply conversion circuit are respectively connected with a direct current bus;
the voltage-sharing circuit is provided with a voltage-sharing connecting end, and the voltage-sharing voltage of the voltage-sharing connecting end is lower than the bus voltage of the direct current bus;
the power conversion circuit comprises a flyback transformer, a switching circuit, a clamping circuit and an output circuit;
the primary winding of the flyback transformer is connected in series with the switching circuit;
the primary winding is connected with the voltage-sharing connecting end through the clamping circuit;
the output circuit is connected with the secondary winding of the flyback transformer.
Optionally, the voltage-sharing circuit includes N +2 voltage-sharing sub-circuits with equal capacitance values, N is the total number of primary windings of the flyback transformer in the power conversion circuit, and N is greater than or equal to 1;
each voltage-sharing sub-circuit is connected in series to form a first series branch;
the first series branch is connected between a positive direct-current bus and a negative direct-current bus of the direct-current bus;
and the connection point of any two adjacent voltage-sharing sub-circuits is used as the voltage-sharing connection end.
Optionally, the voltage-sharing sub-circuit comprises at least one voltage-sharing capacitor.
Optionally, the power conversion circuit includes at least one flyback transformer, N +1 switching circuits, and 2N clamping circuits;
wherein, N is the total number of primary windings of a flyback transformer in the power conversion circuit;
the switching circuits are sequentially connected in series with the primary windings of the flyback transformers to form a second series branch, and the switching circuits and the primary windings of the flyback transformers are arranged at intervals;
the second series branch is connected between the positive direct-current bus and the negative direct-current bus of the direct-current bus;
any end of any primary winding is connected with one voltage-sharing connecting end through one clamping circuit.
Optionally, the voltage-sharing circuit includes N +2 voltage-sharing sub-circuits connected in series, and a connection point of any two adjacent voltage-sharing sub-circuits serves as the voltage-sharing connection end;
one end, close to the positive direct-current bus, of the ith primary winding in the second series branch is connected with a voltage-sharing connecting end, close to the negative direct-current bus, corresponding to the (i + 1) th voltage-sharing sub-circuit in the voltage-sharing circuit through one clamping circuit;
one end, close to the negative direct-current bus, of the ith primary winding in the second series branch is connected with a voltage-sharing connecting end, close to the positive direct-current bus, corresponding to the (i + 1) th voltage-sharing sub-circuit in the voltage-sharing circuit through one clamping circuit;
wherein i belongs to [1, N ], and the 1 st primary winding is the primary winding close to the positive direct current bus in the second series branch;
the 1 st voltage-sharing sub-circuit is a voltage-sharing sub-circuit which is close to the anode direct-current bus in the voltage-sharing circuit.
Optionally, the power conversion circuit includes at least one flyback transformer;
the flyback transformer comprises at least one primary winding and at least one secondary winding;
the turn ratio of any primary winding to any secondary winding is a preset ratio.
Optionally, the turn ratio of the flyback transformer is set based on the ratio of the bus voltage to the preset output voltage of the power circuit, the total number of primary windings in the power conversion circuit, and the total number of secondary windings connected in series.
Optionally, the switching circuit includes at least one switching tube;
in the case of including a plurality of switching tubes, the switching tubes are connected in series and parallel in a predetermined manner.
Optionally, the clamping circuit includes at least one of a controllable switch circuit and a unidirectional conducting circuit.
Optionally, the controllable switch circuit includes at least one of a relay, a contactor and a controllable switch tube;
the unidirectional conduction circuit includes a diode.
Optionally, the output circuit comprises a rectifying diode and a filter circuit, wherein,
the rectifier diode is connected with the filter circuit in series to form an output series branch;
the output series branch is connected with a secondary winding of the flyback transformer;
and two ends of the filter circuit are used as output ends of the output circuit.
Optionally, for any of the power conversion circuits:
when the switching circuit is conducted, the primary winding of the flyback transformer stores energy, and a filter circuit of the output circuit provides energy for an electric load;
when the switch circuit is turned off, the flyback transformer releases energy, a rectifier diode of the output circuit is conducted, and energy is provided for an electric load;
when the turn-off voltage of the switching circuit is greater than the voltage-sharing voltage, the clamping circuit is switched on to clamp the turn-off voltage of the switching circuit at the voltage-sharing voltage.
Optionally, each of the switch circuits employs an isolation type driving circuit, and timing sequences of driving signals of the isolation type driving circuits are synchronous.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a dc power supply, comprising: at least one power supply circuit according to any one of the first aspect of the invention,
the input ends of the power supply circuits are sequentially connected in series to form a third series branch;
the third series branch is connected with the direct current bus;
the output ends of the power supply circuits are connected in parallel.
Optionally, the turn ratio of the flyback transformer in the power circuit is determined based on the following parameters:
the ratio of the bus voltage of the direct current bus to the preset output voltage of the power circuit;
the total number of primary windings included in a power conversion circuit in the power circuit;
the total number of the secondary windings connected in series in the power conversion circuit in the power circuit;
the number of said power supply circuits in the dc power supply.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a photovoltaic system comprising: the photovoltaic host system, the controller, and the dc power supply of any of the second aspects of the invention, wherein,
the input end of the direct current power supply is connected with a direct current bus of the photovoltaic main system;
the output end of the direct current power supply is connected with an electric load of the photovoltaic main system;
the controller is connected with the direct current power supply and controls the direct current power supply to work.
The invention provides a power supply circuit, which comprises a voltage equalizing circuit and a power supply converting circuit which are respectively connected with a direct current bus, wherein the voltage equalizing circuit is provided with a voltage equalizing connecting end, and the power supply converting circuit comprises a flyback transformer, a switching circuit, a clamping circuit and an output circuit, wherein a primary winding of the flyback transformer is connected with the switching circuit in series, meanwhile, the primary winding of the flyback transformer is connected with the voltage equalizing connecting end of the voltage equalizing circuit through the clamping circuit, and the output circuit is connected with a secondary winding of the flyback transformer.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a circuit topology diagram of a flyback power supply circuit in the prior art;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of a power supply circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a circuit topology diagram of a power circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a circuit topology diagram of another power circuit provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a circuit topology diagram of yet another power circuit provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 is a block diagram of a dc power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a circuit topology diagram of a DC power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a circuit topology diagram of another dc power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a block diagram of a power supply circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the power supply circuit includes a voltage equalizing circuit and a power converting circuit, where,
the voltage-sharing circuit and the power conversion circuit are respectively connected with the direct current bus, specifically, the direct current bus comprises an anode direct current bus and a cathode direct current bus, an anode connecting end of the voltage-sharing circuit and an anode connecting end of the power conversion circuit are respectively connected with the anode direct current bus, and a cathode connecting end of the voltage-sharing circuit and a cathode connecting end of the power conversion circuit are respectively connected with the cathode direct current bus. In practical applications, the positive dc bus or the negative dc bus may be directly grounded.
Furthermore, the voltage-sharing circuit is provided with a voltage-sharing connecting end, and the total voltage borne by two ends of the voltage-sharing circuit, namely the positive connecting end and the negative connecting end, is the bus voltage U of the direct current busBUSTherefore, the voltage-sharing voltage output by the voltage-sharing connecting end in the voltage-sharing circuit is lower than the bus voltage of the direct-current bus.
As shown in fig. 2, the power conversion circuit in the present embodiment includes a flyback transformer, a switching circuit, a clamping circuit, and an output circuit. In the power supply circuit provided in the present application, the flyback transformer, the switching circuit, the clamping circuit, and the output circuit are basic blocks that constitute the power supply conversion circuit, and the number of the four basic blocks may be different according to the capacity of the power supply circuit, but the connection manner between the blocks is similar to that shown in fig. 2. Of course, the power conversion circuit shown in fig. 2 is only an alternative implementation, and other implementations will be developed in the following embodiments.
In this embodiment, the primary winding of the flyback transformer is connected in series with the switching circuit, specifically, the switching circuit includes two switching tubes, i.e., a switching tube Q1 and a switching tube Q2, one connection end of the switching tube Q1 is used as an anode connection end of the power conversion circuit and is connected to an anode dc bus, the other connection end of the switching tube Q1 is connected to one end of the primary winding of the flyback transformer, and the other end of the primary winding of the flyback transformer is connected to a cathode dc bus through the switching tube Q2.
Meanwhile, the primary winding of the flyback transformer is also connected with the voltage-sharing connecting end through a clamping circuit. Optionally, the clamping circuit includes a controllable switch circuit and a unidirectional conducting circuit, and in the embodiment shown in fig. 2, the unidirectional conducting circuit is implemented based on the diode D1 and the diode D2. When the clamping circuit is realized based on the controllable switch circuit, the controllable switch circuit can be realized by at least one of a relay, a contactor and a controllable switch tube.
The secondary winding of the flyback transformer is connected with an output circuit, the output end of the output circuit is connected with an electric load (not shown in the figure), and the output circuit is mainly used for converting the output voltage of the power conversion circuit into a preset output voltage corresponding to the power circuit and supplying the preset output voltage to the electric load connected at the later stage for use.
In practical application, no matter what kind of mode is used for the clamp circuit, the clamp circuit is in a conducting state under the condition that the turn-off voltage of the switch circuit is greater than the voltage-sharing voltage output by the voltage-sharing connecting end of the voltage-sharing circuit, and therefore a voltage clamp born by the switch circuit in the power supply conversion circuit is located at the voltage-sharing voltage.
In summary, the power supply circuit provided in the embodiment of the present invention is provided with the voltage-sharing circuit and the power conversion circuit, the voltage-sharing voltage output by the voltage-sharing circuit is smaller than the bus voltage of the dc bus, and when the turn-off voltage of the switching circuit in the power conversion circuit is greater than the voltage-sharing voltage, the clamping circuit in the power conversion circuit is in the on state, and the voltage-sharing circuit and the switching circuit in the power conversion circuit are connected, so that the turn-off voltage borne by the switching circuit can be clamped to the voltage-sharing voltage output by the voltage-sharing circuit. Furthermore, the switching loss of the circuit is reduced, and the efficiency of the power supply circuit is improved.
Optionally, referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a circuit topology diagram of a power supply circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and on the basis of the embodiment shown in fig. 2, this embodiment further provides an optional implementation manner of the voltage equalizing circuit and the output circuit.
The voltage-sharing circuit comprises 3 voltage-sharing sub-circuits with equal capacitance values, and optionally, any one of the voltage-sharing sub-circuits at least comprises a voltage-sharing capacitor, in this embodiment, the voltage-sharing sub-circuits are all shown by one voltage-sharing capacitor.
Further, the voltage equalizer sub-circuits are connected in series to form a first series branch, and the first series branch is connected between the positive dc bus and the negative dc bus. Taking fig. 3 as an example, 1/3 represents the bus voltage, the connection point of any two adjacent equalizer circuits is the voltage equalizing connection end mentioned in the foregoing, and the voltage equalizing voltage output by the voltage equalizing connection end is 2/3 represents the bus voltage.
Based on the above, the voltage-sharing connection end between the capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2 is connected with the cathode of the clamping diode D2, and the anode of the clamping diode D2 is connected with one end of the primary winding of the flyback transformer; accordingly, the voltage-sharing connection terminal between the capacitor C2 and the capacitor C3 is connected to the anode of the clamping diode D1, and the cathode of the clamping diode D1 is connected to the other end of the primary winding of the flyback transformer, as shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, the flyback transformer includes a primary winding and a secondary winding in total.
The output circuit includes a rectifier diode Df and a filter circuit (shown by a filter capacitor Cb in this embodiment), wherein the rectifier diode Df is connected in series with the filter circuit Cb to form an output series branch, and the output series branch is connected to the secondary winding of the flyback transformer. Specifically, the anode of the rectifier diode Df is connected to one end of the secondary winding, the cathode of the rectifier diode Df is connected to the other end of the secondary winding through the filter circuit, and meanwhile, the two ends of the filter circuit, i.e., the two ends of the filter capacitor Cb in this embodiment, are used as the output ends of the output circuit and are connected to the rear-stage power load. It should be noted that, filter circuits in other forms in the prior art are also optional, and the specific configuration of the filter circuit is not limited in the present invention. Moreover, in the case of adopting other structural forms for the flyback transformer, the connection condition of the secondary winding and the output circuit may also be different, and will be specifically developed in the following, and what is shown here is only one of the alternative connection manners.
Optionally, in the power circuit provided in this embodiment, the turn ratio of the flyback transformer may be set reasonably based on the ratio of the bus voltage of the dc bus to the preset output voltage of the power circuit and the total number of the primary windings and the secondary windings connected in series in the power conversion circuit.
Based on the connection relation, when the switching tubes Q1 and Q2 in the power conversion circuit are switched on, the primary winding of the flyback transformer stores energy, the rectifier diode Df is cut off, and meanwhile the filter capacitor Cb supplies electricity to the negative sideProviding energy; correspondingly, when the switching tubes Q1 and Q2 are turned off, the flyback transformer releases energy, the rectifier diode Df is conducted, energy is output, and meanwhile, when the turn-off voltages of the switching tubes Q1 and Q2 are larger than that of the switching tubes Q1 and Q2
Figure BDA0003236083010000081
When the voltage is on, the clamping diodes D1 and D2 are conducted to clamp the turn-off voltage of the switching tube at
Figure BDA0003236083010000082
The purpose of reducing the turn-off voltage of the switching tube is achieved. For example, when the bus voltage is 1500V, if a conventional double-tube flyback circuit is used, the maximum off voltage of the switching tube can only be clamped to 1500V, but with the power supply circuit shown in fig. 3, the off voltages of the switching tubes Q1 and Q2 can be clamped to 1000V.
In addition, in the embodiment, the turn-off voltage of the switching tubes Q1 and Q2 can be reduced to 1000V or less by further reasonably adjusting the turn ratio of the flyback transformer.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the power circuit provided in this embodiment adds 2 voltage-sharing capacitors on the basis of the original dual-switch flyback circuit, and can clamp the maximum turn-off voltage of each switch circuit to 2/3 bus voltage, and in addition, by further reasonably adjusting the turn ratio of the flyback transformer, the turn-off voltage of the switch circuit can be reduced to be lower than 2/3 bus voltage, so that the turn-off voltage of the switch device can be greatly reduced under the condition of adding a small number of devices, the switching loss is reduced, the device selection is facilitated, and the reliability of the circuit is improved while the circuit cost is reduced.
Further, referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a circuit topology diagram of another power circuit provided in the embodiment of the present invention, based on the embodiment shown in fig. 3, in the power circuit provided in the embodiment of the present invention, a flyback transformer in a power conversion circuit includes two primary windings in total, that is, a primary winding Np1 and Np2, and the primary winding Np1 and Np2 share a secondary winding Ns; also included are 3 switching circuits, namely Q1, Q2, and Q3. Each switching circuit and each primary winding are sequentially connected in series to form a second series branch, the switching circuits and the primary windings of the flyback transformers are arranged at intervals, and the second series branch is connected between the positive direct current bus and the negative direct current bus.
Meanwhile, the clamping circuit in the power conversion circuit comprises four clamping diodes, namely D1-D4. The voltage-sharing circuit comprises four voltage-sharing capacitors C1-C4, and as mentioned above, the voltage-sharing capacitors are connected in series, and the obtained series branch is connected between the positive direct current bus and the negative direct current bus. As for the connection relationship between the clamping circuit and the voltage equalizing circuit, it can be realized in combination with the embodiment shown in fig. 4 and the foregoing fig. 3, and is not expanded here.
In practical application of the power supply circuit shown in fig. 4, when the switching circuits Q1-Q3 in the power conversion circuit are turned on, the primary winding of the flyback transformer stores energy, the rectifier diode Df in the output circuit is turned off, and the filter capacitor Cb supplies energy to the power load; accordingly, when the switching circuit Q1-Q3 is turned off, the flyback transformer releases energy, the rectifier diode Df is turned on, and the stored energy is output.
Compared with the embodiment shown in fig. 3, the flyback transformer of the power supply circuit provided by this embodiment employs two primary windings, and simultaneously sets three switch circuits, and sets a total of four voltage-sharing capacitors from C1 to C4, and correspondingly sets four clamping diodes, and the maximum turn-off voltage of each switch circuit can be clamped to 1/2 bus voltage by the voltage-sharing capacitors and the clamping diodes. That is, on the basis of the bus voltage 2/3 in the embodiment shown in fig. 3, the maximum off-voltage of each switching circuit is further reduced to the bus voltage 1/2, the off-voltage of the switching device is further reduced, the switching loss is reduced, the device model selection is facilitated, the circuit cost is reduced, and the reliability of the circuit is improved.
It should be emphasized that, combining the embodiment shown in fig. 3 and the embodiment shown in fig. 4, it can be seen that the number of voltage-sharing sub-circuits in the voltage-sharing circuit, and the number of switching circuits and clamping circuits in the power conversion circuit in the power supply circuit provided by the present invention have a direct correspondence with the total number of primary windings of the flyback transformer in the power conversion circuit, and specifically, refer to table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003236083010000091
With reference to table 1, in the case that the power conversion circuit includes N primary windings, the voltage-sharing circuit includes N +2 voltage-sharing sub-circuits having equal capacitance values, and the power conversion circuit includes N +1 switching circuits and 2N clamping circuits.
In a specific connection system, each switching circuit and each primary winding in the power conversion circuit are sequentially connected in series to form a second series branch, the switching circuits and the primary windings of the flyback transformer are arranged at intervals, meanwhile, the second series branch is connected between an anode direct-current bus and a cathode direct-current bus of the direct-current bus, any end of any primary winding is connected with a voltage-sharing connecting end through a clamping circuit, and the clamping circuits connected with the connecting ends of the primary windings are different.
Furthermore, the voltage-sharing circuit comprises N +2 voltage-sharing sub-circuits connected in series, and the connection points of any two adjacent voltage-sharing sub-circuits can be used as voltage-sharing connection ends. One end of the ith primary winding in the second series branch, which is close to the positive direct-current bus, is connected with a voltage-sharing connecting end, which is corresponding to the (i + 1) th voltage-sharing sub-circuit in the voltage-sharing circuit and is close to the negative direct-current bus; one end, close to the negative direct-current bus, of the ith primary winding in the second series branch is connected with a voltage-sharing connection end, close to the positive direct-current bus, corresponding to the (i + 1) th voltage-sharing sub-circuit in the voltage-sharing circuit, wherein i belongs to [1, N ], the 1 st primary winding is the primary winding, close to the positive direct-current bus, in the second series branch, the 1 st voltage-sharing sub-circuit is the voltage-sharing sub-circuit, close to the positive direct-current bus, in the voltage-sharing circuit, and specific connection modes can be seen in the embodiment shown in the figures 3 and 4.
It should be noted that, in the embodiments shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, the power conversion circuit includes only one flyback transformer, where the flyback transformer in the embodiment in fig. 3 includes a primary winding and a secondary winding in total, and the flyback transformer in the embodiment in fig. 4 includes two primary windings and a secondary winding, and for the flyback transformer provided in the embodiment in fig. 4, the turn ratio of any one primary winding to any one secondary winding is a preset ratio, that is, the turn ratio of each primary winding to each secondary winding is equal, and by extension, for the flyback transformer including more than one primary winding and one secondary winding, the turn ratio settings should be set according to the requirements in the embodiment in fig. 4.
It should be noted that the flyback transformer may also include a plurality of secondary windings, in which case, each of the secondary windings may be connected in series or in parallel, and the difference is that when determining the turn-off voltage of each switching circuit, the number of the windings of the plurality of secondary windings connected in parallel is calculated according to 1, and the number of the windings of the plurality of secondary windings connected in series is directly calculated according to the actual number of the secondary windings, that is, the number of the secondary windings connected in series.
Correspondingly, in another implementation manner, the power conversion circuit may include a plurality of flyback transformers, see fig. 5, where fig. 5 is a circuit topology diagram of another power circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and in this embodiment, the power conversion circuit includes two flyback transformers, i.e., T1 and T2, where the flyback transformer T1 includes a primary winding Np1 and a secondary winding Ns1, and the flyback transformer T2 includes a primary winding Np2 and a secondary winding 2. Each flyback transformer comprises a primary winding, and each primary winding is connected with a switching circuit in the power supply conversion circuit in series. As for the connection mode of other components, the connection mode can be realized by referring to the embodiment shown in fig. 4, and the details are not described herein.
It is emphasized that in some cases the implementations shown in the foregoing embodiments may be combined with the implementation shown in fig. 5. For example, the power conversion circuit includes 2 flyback transformers, each flyback transformer may include 2 primary windings and 1 secondary winding, or each flyback transformer includes 2 primary windings and 2 secondary windings, and such a combination is also feasible, and on the premise of not exceeding the scope of the core idea of the present invention, the present invention also falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to the foregoing, for the embodiment shown in fig. 5, the voltage equalizing circuit includes 4 voltage equalizing capacitors, four clamping diodes are correspondingly disposed, and the maximum turn-off voltage of each switching circuit can be clamped to 1/2 bus voltage through the voltage equalizing capacitors and the clamping diodes, on this basis, the maximum turn-off voltage of each switching circuit can be further reduced on the basis of 1/2 bus voltage by reasonably selecting the turn ratio of the transformer, so as to reduce switching loss, facilitate device selection, and improve the reliability of the circuit while reducing the circuit cost.
In summary, it can be seen that, for a power circuit in which the power conversion circuit includes N primary windings, the voltage-sharing voltage output by the voltage-sharing connection terminal is
Figure BDA0003236083010000111
When the turn-off voltage of the switching circuit is greater than
Figure BDA0003236083010000112
When the switching circuit is turned on, the clamp circuit is turned on to clamp the turn-off voltage of the switching circuit to
Figure BDA0003236083010000113
The purpose of reducing the turn-off voltage of the switching circuit is achieved. In addition, the turn-off voltage of the switching circuit can be reduced to be lower than that of the flyback transformer through further reasonably adjusting the turn ratio of the flyback transformer
Figure BDA0003236083010000114
The following.
Further, based on the comparison between the embodiment shown in fig. 4 and the embodiment shown in fig. 3, and the comparison between the embodiment shown in fig. 5 and the embodiment shown in fig. 3, it can be seen that, in the case of using the same voltage equalizing circuit, the turn-off voltage of each switching circuit in the power supply circuit has a variation trend of negative correlation with the number of primary windings of the flyback transformer in the power supply circuit, that is, as N increases, the turn-off voltage of the switching circuit further decreases. Of course, as N increases, the arrangement and connection of the flyback transformer in the power circuit become more complicated, and therefore, in practical application, the specific value of N should be determined in accordance with practical requirements.
Optionally, for the power supply circuit provided in any of the above embodiments, the power supply circuit further includes at least one isolation type driving circuit, where any one isolation type driving circuit is connected to the control end of at least one switching tube in the power supply conversion circuit, the switching tubes connected to each isolation type driving circuit are different from each other, and each isolation type driving circuit synchronously outputs a driving signal to control the conduction state of the corresponding switching tube.
In practical application, the isolated driving circuit can be realized on the basis of any one of an integrated isolation chip, an optical coupling isolation circuit and an isolation circuit realized on the basis of a transformer, and the specific selection of the driving circuit is not limited in the invention.
Optionally, the present invention further provides a dc power supply, which includes at least one power circuit provided in any one of the above embodiments, wherein,
the input ends of the power supply circuits are sequentially connected in series to form a third series branch;
the third series branch is connected with the direct current bus;
the output ends of the power supply circuits are connected in parallel.
For the case where the dc power supply includes one power supply circuit, no specific illustration is given. For the case of including multiple power circuits, as shown in fig. 6, the input terminals of the power circuits are sequentially connected in series to form a third series branch, the obtained third series branch is connected between the positive dc bus and the negative dc bus, and the output terminals of the power circuits are connected in parallel and are connected to the electrical load together.
It is emphasized that the turn ratio of the flyback transformer in the power circuit is determined based on the following parameters: the ratio of the bus voltage of the direct current bus to the preset output voltage of the power circuit, the total number of primary windings included in a power conversion circuit in the power circuit, the total number of secondary windings connected in series included in the power conversion circuit in the power circuit, and the number of the power circuits in the direct current power supply.
The embodiments shown in fig. 7 and 8 are specific connection situations of the dc power supplies implemented based on the power supply circuits provided in the foregoing embodiments, where M is the number of power supply circuits included in the dc power supply. For the specific connection relationship of the embodiments shown in fig. 7 and fig. 8, reference may be made to the foregoing embodiments for implementation, and details are not described here.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 7, each power supply circuit has the same topology, the voltage equalizing circuit comprises 3 capacitors C1-M, C2-M and C3-M with the same capacitance value, 2 switching tubes Q1-M and Q2-M are connected in series with the primary winding of the flyback transformer, and the 2 switching tubes are driven synchronously.
Based on the above, it can be seen that the maximum turn-off voltage of 2M switching tubes can be clamped to
Figure BDA0003236083010000131
Furthermore, the maximum turn-off voltage of the 2M switching tubes can be smaller than that of the 2M switching tubes by reasonably selecting the turn ratio of the flyback transformer
Figure BDA0003236083010000132
Correspondingly, in the embodiment shown in fig. 8, in each power supply circuit, the voltage equalizing circuit comprises 4 capacitors C1-M, C2-M, C3-M and C4-M with equal capacitance values, 3 switching tubes Q1-M, Q2-M and Q3-M are connected in series with two primary windings of a flyback transformer, and the three switching tubes are driven synchronously.
Based on the above, it can be seen that the maximum turn-off voltage of the 3M switching tubes can be clamped to
Figure BDA0003236083010000133
Furthermore, the maximum turn-off voltage of the 3M switching tubes can be smaller than that of the switching tubes by reasonably selecting the turn ratio of the flyback transformer
Figure BDA0003236083010000134
As can be seen from the embodiments shown in fig. 7 and 8, when the dc power supply includes a plurality of power supply circuits, one filter circuit may be shared between the output circuits in the power conversion circuits of the power supply circuits, so as to reduce the number of filter circuits and further reduce the overall cost of the dc power supply.
Furthermore, when a plurality of same power supply circuits form the direct-current power supply, the turn-off voltage of the switch circuit in the direct-current power supply is also reduced relative to the turn-off voltage of the switch circuit in a single power supply circuit, and compared with the direct-current power supply adopting a single power supply circuit, the input voltage range of the direct-current power supply can be expanded, so that the direct-current power supply can be applied to a power supply system with higher voltage.
Optionally, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a photovoltaic system, including: the photovoltaic host system, the controller, and any of the above embodiments provide a dc power supply, wherein,
the input end of the direct current power supply is connected with a direct current bus of the photovoltaic main system;
the output end of the direct current power supply is connected with an electric load of the photovoltaic main system;
the controller is connected with the direct current power supply and controls the direct current power supply to work.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the various illustrative components and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality in order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module may reside in Random Access Memory (RAM), memory, Read Only Memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (16)

1. A power supply circuit, comprising: a voltage equalizing circuit and a power conversion circuit, wherein,
the voltage equalizing circuit and the power supply conversion circuit are respectively connected with a direct current bus;
the voltage-sharing circuit is provided with a voltage-sharing connecting end, and the voltage-sharing voltage of the voltage-sharing connecting end is lower than the bus voltage of the direct current bus;
the power conversion circuit comprises a flyback transformer, a switching circuit, a clamping circuit and an output circuit;
the primary winding of the flyback transformer is connected in series with the switching circuit;
the primary winding is connected with the voltage-sharing connecting end through the clamping circuit;
the output circuit is connected with the secondary winding of the flyback transformer.
2. The power supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein the voltage equalizing circuit comprises N +2 voltage equalizing sub-circuits with equal capacitance values, N is the total number of primary windings of the flyback transformer in the power conversion circuit, and N is greater than or equal to 1;
each voltage-sharing sub-circuit is connected in series to form a first series branch;
the first series branch is connected between a positive direct-current bus and a negative direct-current bus of the direct-current bus;
and the connection point of any two adjacent voltage-sharing sub-circuits is used as the voltage-sharing connection end.
3. The power supply circuit according to claim 2, wherein the voltage-sharing sub-circuit comprises at least one voltage-sharing capacitor.
4. The power supply circuit of claim 1, wherein the power conversion circuit comprises at least one of the flyback transformer, N +1 of the switching circuits, and 2N of the clamping circuits;
wherein, N is the total number of primary windings of a flyback transformer in the power conversion circuit;
the switching circuits are sequentially connected in series with the primary windings of the flyback transformers to form a second series branch, and the switching circuits and the primary windings of the flyback transformers are arranged at intervals;
the second series branch is connected between the positive direct-current bus and the negative direct-current bus of the direct-current bus;
any end of any primary winding is connected with one voltage-sharing connecting end through one clamping circuit.
5. The power supply circuit according to claim 4, wherein the voltage-sharing circuit comprises N +2 voltage-sharing sub-circuits connected in series, and the connection point of any two adjacent voltage-sharing sub-circuits is used as the voltage-sharing connection end;
one end, close to the positive direct-current bus, of the ith primary winding in the second series branch is connected with a voltage-sharing connecting end, close to the negative direct-current bus, corresponding to the (i + 1) th voltage-sharing sub-circuit in the voltage-sharing circuit through one clamping circuit;
one end, close to the negative direct-current bus, of the ith primary winding in the second series branch is connected with a voltage-sharing connecting end, close to the positive direct-current bus, corresponding to the (i + 1) th voltage-sharing sub-circuit in the voltage-sharing circuit through one clamping circuit;
wherein i belongs to [1, N ], and the 1 st primary winding is the primary winding close to the positive direct current bus in the second series branch;
the 1 st voltage-sharing sub-circuit is a voltage-sharing sub-circuit which is close to the anode direct-current bus in the voltage-sharing circuit.
6. The power supply circuit of claim 1, wherein the power conversion circuit comprises at least one of the flyback transformers;
the flyback transformer comprises at least one primary winding and at least one secondary winding;
the turn ratio of any primary winding to any secondary winding is a preset ratio.
7. The power circuit of claim 1, wherein a turns ratio of the flyback transformer is set based on a ratio of the bus voltage to a preset output voltage of the power circuit and a total number of primary windings and a total number of secondary windings in series in the power conversion circuit.
8. The power supply circuit of claim 1, wherein the switching circuit comprises at least one switching tube;
in the case of including a plurality of switching tubes, the switching tubes are connected in series and parallel in a predetermined manner.
9. The power supply circuit of claim 1, wherein the clamping circuit comprises at least one of a controllable switching circuit and a unidirectional conducting circuit.
10. The power supply circuit of claim 9, wherein the controllable switching circuit comprises at least one of a relay, a contactor, and a controllable switching tube;
the unidirectional conduction circuit includes a diode.
11. The power supply circuit of claim 1, wherein the output circuit comprises a rectifier diode and a filter circuit, wherein,
the rectifier diode is connected with the filter circuit in series to form an output series branch;
the output series branch is connected with a secondary winding of the flyback transformer;
and two ends of the filter circuit are used as output ends of the output circuit.
12. The power supply circuit of claim 11, wherein for any of the power conversion circuits:
when the switching circuit is conducted, the primary winding of the flyback transformer stores energy, and a filter circuit of the output circuit provides energy for an electric load;
when the switch circuit is turned off, the flyback transformer releases energy, a rectifier diode of the output circuit is conducted, and energy is provided for an electric load;
when the turn-off voltage of the switching circuit is greater than the voltage-sharing voltage, the clamping circuit is switched on to clamp the turn-off voltage of the switching circuit at the voltage-sharing voltage.
13. The power supply circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein each of the switch circuits employs an isolated driving circuit, and timing of driving signals of each of the isolated driving circuits is synchronized.
14. A direct current power supply, comprising: at least one power supply circuit according to any one of claims 1-13,
the input ends of the power supply circuits are sequentially connected in series to form a third series branch;
the third series branch is connected with the direct current bus;
the output ends of the power supply circuits are connected in parallel.
15. The dc power supply of claim 14, wherein the turn ratio of the flyback transformer in the power circuit is determined based on the following parameters:
the ratio of the bus voltage of the direct current bus to the preset output voltage of the power circuit;
the total number of primary windings included in a power conversion circuit in the power circuit;
the total number of the secondary windings connected in series in the power conversion circuit in the power circuit;
the number of said power supply circuits in the dc power supply.
16. A photovoltaic system, comprising: a photovoltaic host system, a controller, and the direct current power supply of any one of claims 14-15,
the input end of the direct current power supply is connected with a direct current bus of the photovoltaic main system;
the output end of the direct current power supply is connected with an electric load of the photovoltaic main system;
the controller is connected with the direct current power supply and controls the direct current power supply to work.
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