CN113562723A - Light impact-resistant carbon material with gradient density structure, preparation method and application - Google Patents
Light impact-resistant carbon material with gradient density structure, preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN113562723A CN113562723A CN202010354406.5A CN202010354406A CN113562723A CN 113562723 A CN113562723 A CN 113562723A CN 202010354406 A CN202010354406 A CN 202010354406A CN 113562723 A CN113562723 A CN 113562723A
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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Abstract
The invention discloses a light impact-resistant carbon material with a gradient density structure, and a preparation method and application thereof. The light impact-resistant carbon material comprises carbon nanotube foam and a plurality of carbon particles distributed in the carbon nanotube foam, wherein the distribution density of the carbon particles in a first local area of the carbon nanotube foam is greater than the distribution density of the carbon particles in a second local area of the carbon nanotube foam, and the first local area is adjacent to the second local area, so that the density of the light impact-resistant carbon material at a position corresponding to the first local area is greater than the density at a position corresponding to the second local area. According to the invention, the node welding of the carbon nanotube foam is carried out through secondary deposition, the distribution of amorphous carbon is regulated and controlled by changing the placement position of the material, the prepared light impact-resistant carbon material has excellent impact resistance, the integrated preparation of soft and hard different structures of a novel impact protection material can be realized, and the density of the impact-resistant material is further reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of an impact-resistant protective carbon material, in particular to a light impact-resistant carbon material with a gradient density structure, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of composite materials.
Background
Most of traditional impact-resistant protective materials are metal and polymer composite materials, the used metal materials are high in structural strength, large in density and high in preparation cost, and byproducts in the preparation process cause certain damage to the environment; most of the used polymer composite materials are of a laminated structure, have certain structural strength and small density, but proper adhesives are required to be found among different polymer soft and hard layers for bonding so as to enhance the interface bonding capability, and the application temperature range is narrow.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a light impact-resistant carbon material with a gradient density structure and a preparation method thereof, so as to overcome the defects in the prior art.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide a use of the light impact resistant carbon material having a gradient density structure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
the embodiment of the invention provides a light impact-resistant carbon material with a gradient density structure, which comprises carbon nanotube foam and a plurality of carbon particles distributed in the carbon nanotube foam, wherein the distribution density of the carbon particles in a first local area of the carbon nanotube foam is greater than that in a second local area of the carbon nanotube foam, and the first local area and the second local area are adjacently arranged, so that the density of the light impact-resistant carbon material at a position corresponding to the first local area is greater than that at a position corresponding to the second local area.
Further, the distribution density of the carbon particles in the carbon nanotube foam is reduced or reduced and then increased along a designated direction, so that the density of the light impact-resistant carbon material is reduced or reduced and then increased along the designated direction.
Further, the density of the light impact-resistant carbon material with the gradient density structure is 0.04-0.25g/cm3The porosity is 85-92%, the compressibility is 80-95%, the elastic material has excellent compression elasticity, the elastic material still has excellent resilience characteristic under the compression rate of 90%, and the energy absorption value of unit mass is 2-20 kJ/kg.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the light impact-resistant carbon material with the gradient density structure, which comprises the following steps:
placing carbon nanotube foam in a reaction chamber of a chemical vapor deposition apparatus;
and heating the reaction chamber to 1050-1150 ℃, then at least introducing a carbon source and a reducing gas into the reaction chamber, and enabling the direction of the gas flow to form a selected angle with the surface of one side of the carbon nanotube foam, wherein the selected angle is larger than 0 DEG and smaller than 180 DEG, so that carbon particles are deposited at least in the carbon nanotube foam, and further the light impact-resistant carbon material with a gradient density structure is obtained.
In some embodiments, the method of making comprises: and heating the temperature in the reaction chamber to 1050-1150 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-15 ℃/min, introducing carrier gas, a carbon source and a reducing gas into the reaction chamber, carrying out heat preservation and deposition for 30-90 min, and then cooling to obtain the light impact-resistant carbon material with the gradient density structure.
In some embodiments, the method of making further comprises: after the secondary deposition is finished, the side with lower density of the obtained light impact-resistant carbon material is close to the air flow, and the amorphous carbon is deposited again under the same deposition condition to obtain the light impact-resistant carbon material with the carbon particle density reduced and then increased.
The embodiment of the invention also provides application of the light impact-resistant carbon material with the gradient density structure in preparation of impact-resistant materials.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the preparation method provided by the invention takes the carbon nano tube with excellent performances such as high energy absorption, high modulus, high strength, low density and the like as a basic structural unit, constructs the light impact-resistant carbon material with a gradient density structure, and performs welding of carbon nano tube foam nodes through a secondary deposition process, so that the prepared carbon material has low density (0.04-0.25 g/cm)3) Obvious weight reduction can be realized, the preparation process is environment-friendly, and no pollution product is generated;
2) the light impact-resistant carbon material with the gradient density structure prepared by the method provided by the invention fully utilizes the high energy absorption characteristic of the carbon nano tube and the energy absorption characteristic of the soft and hard gradient structure, so that the carbon nano tube has excellent impact resistance, the soft and hard different structures of a novel impact protection material can be integrally prepared, and the density of the impact-resistant material is further reduced;
3) the preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process, adoption of easily-obtained carbon source and carrier gas, no generation of byproducts causing environmental pollution, environment-friendly preparation process, low cost, capability of enlarging batch production and realization of commercialization.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1a and 1b are schematic diagrams illustrating a method for preparing a lightweight impact-resistant carbon material having a gradient density structure according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 2a and 2b are pictorial representations of a lightweight impact resistant carbon material having a gradient density structure in an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
FIGS. 3a, 3b, and 3c are the micro-topography diagrams of the internal structure of the upper layer, the middle layer, and the lower layer of the lightweight impact-resistant carbon material with decreasing density according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 4a, 4b, and 4c are the micro-topography of the internal structure of the upper layer, the middle layer, and the lower layer of the lightweight impact-resistant carbon material with the density varying from large to small in an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a stress-strain graph of a lightweight impact-resistant carbon material with a gradient density structure at different strain rates in an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In view of the defects in the prior art, the inventor of the present invention provides a technical scheme of the present invention through long-term research and a great deal of practice, wherein carbon nanotubes with excellent performances such as high energy absorption, high modulus, high strength, low density and the like are mainly used as basic structural units, node welding of carbon nanotube foam is performed through a secondary deposition process, amorphous carbon distribution is regulated and controlled by changing the placement position of a material, a light impact-resistant carbon material with a gradient density structure is prepared, soft-hard integrated preparation of a novel impact protection material is realized, and the density of the impact-resistant material is further reduced. The technical solution, its implementation and principles, etc. will be further explained as follows.
Carbon nanotubes (abbreviated as CNTs) are one-dimensional nanomaterials formed by winding single-or multi-layer graphite sheets, and have unique structures and numerous excellent physical properties, such as light weight, superior mechanical properties, good structural flexibility, chemical stability and high temperature resistance.
The preparation principle of the invention is as follows: according to the invention, carbon nanotubes with excellent performances such as high energy absorption, high modulus, high strength, low density and the like are used as basic structural units, original carbon nanotube foam with a three-dimensional network space structure is accumulated in the growth process, and the carbon nanotube foam is subjected to node welding through a secondary deposition process, so that the prepared light impact-resistant carbon material has certain compression recovery property; simultaneously, the distribution of amorphous carbon is regulated and controlled by changing the placement position of a deposition material, and the original carbon nano tube foam prepared by the floating catalytic chemical vapor deposition method is subjected to gradient structure depositionAnd the density of the foam is regulated and controlled by controlling the deposition parameter conditions. The light impact-resistant carbon material with the gradient density structure prepared by the method has small density (0.04-0.25 g/cm)3) The cost is low, and no pollution product is generated in the preparation process. The prepared carbon material structure is gradually softened from hard to soft, so that the soft and hard integrated preparation of the novel impact protection material is realized, and the carbon material prepared by the method fully utilizes the high energy absorption characteristic of the carbon nano tube and the energy absorption characteristic of the soft and hard gradient structure, so that the carbon material has excellent impact resistance, and the density of the impact resistance material is further reduced.
Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) is a chemical technology, which is a method of generating a thin film by performing a chemical reaction on a substrate surface using one or more gaseous compounds or simple substances containing thin film elements. Chemical vapor deposition is a new technique for preparing inorganic materials that has been developed in recent decades. Chemical vapor deposition has been widely used to purify substances, develop new crystals, and deposit various single-crystal, polycrystalline, or glassy inorganic thin film materials. These materials can be oxides, sulfides, nitrides, carbides, binary or multiple elemental compounds from groups III-V, II-IV, IV-VI and their physical functions can be precisely controlled by vapor phase doping deposition processes.
An aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a lightweight impact-resistant carbon material having a gradient density structure, including a carbon nanotube foam and a plurality of carbon particles distributed within the carbon nanotube foam, wherein a distribution density of the carbon particles in a first local area of the carbon nanotube foam is greater than a distribution density of the carbon particles in a second local area of the carbon nanotube foam, the first local area being disposed adjacent to the second local area, such that a density of the lightweight impact-resistant carbon material at a location corresponding to the first local area is greater than a density at a location corresponding to the second local area.
In some embodiments, the density of the distribution of carbon particles within the carbon nanotube foam decreases or decreases and increases in a given direction, such that the density of the lightweight impact-resistant carbon material decreases or decreases and increases in the given direction.
Further, the distribution density of carbon particles in the carbon nanotube foam is reduced in a gradient manner or is reduced in a gradient manner firstly and then increased in a gradient manner, so that the density of the light impact-resistant carbon material is reduced in a gradient manner or is reduced in a gradient manner firstly and then increased in a gradient manner along a specified direction.
Further, the first local area is a surface area of the carbon nanotube foam, and the second local area is an inner area of the carbon nanotube foam adjacent to the surface area.
In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the carbon nanotube foam to the carbon particles ranges from 1: 8 to 1: 20.
Further, the particle size of the carbon particles is in the range of 10nm to 300 nm.
In some embodiments, the light impact-resistant carbon material with gradient density structure has small density in the range of 0.04-0.25g/cm3The material can obviously reduce weight, has the porosity of 85-92 percent and the compressibility of 80-95 percent, has excellent compression elasticity, still presents excellent rebound property under the compressibility of 90 percent, and has the energy absorption value of unit mass of 2-20 kJ/kg.
Furthermore, the carbon nanotube foam has a three-dimensional network space structure formed by a plurality of carbon nanotubes, the pore diameter of pores contained in the three-dimensional network space structure is 5 nm-200 μm, and the porosity is more than 99%.
Further, the carbon particles are distributed at least at the intersection of the two carbon nanotubes and/or on part of the surface of the carbon nanotubes.
Further, the carbon particles are amorphous carbon with a particle size in the range of 10nm to 300 nm.
In some embodiments, the carbon nanotube foam can be prepared and formed in a variety of ways known in the art. For example, in some embodiments, it may be a raw carbon nanotube foam produced using at least a floating catalytic chemical vapor deposition process. The carbon nanotube foam is not substitutable as a network skeleton, and the carbon nanotube has excellent performances of high energy absorption, high modulus, high strength, low density and the like.
Another aspect of an embodiment of the present invention also provides a method of preparing a light impact-resistant carbon material having a gradient density structure, including:
placing carbon nanotube foam in a reaction chamber of a chemical vapor deposition apparatus;
and heating the reaction chamber to 1050-1150 ℃, then at least introducing a carbon source and a reducing gas into the reaction chamber, and enabling the direction of the gas flow to form any selected angle with the surface of one side of the carbon nanotube foam, wherein the selected angle is larger than 0 degrees and smaller than 180 degrees (preferably vertical), so that carbon particles are deposited at least in the carbon nanotube foam, and further the light impact-resistant carbon material with a gradient density structure is obtained.
Further, the preparation method comprises the following steps: the direction of the gas flow is perpendicular to one side surface of the carbon nanotube foam. The side in contact with the gas flow has a higher carbon density, and the density of the gas inlet end is higher than that of the gas outlet end.
In some embodiments, the method of making specifically comprises: and heating the temperature in the reaction chamber to 1050-1150 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-15 ℃/min, introducing carrier gas, a carbon source and a reducing gas into the reaction chamber, carrying out heat preservation and deposition for 30-90 min, and then cooling to obtain the light impact-resistant carbon material with the gradient density structure.
In some embodiments, the method of making further comprises: after the secondary deposition is finished, the side with lower density of the obtained light impact-resistant carbon material is close to the air flow, and the amorphous carbon is deposited again under the same deposition condition to obtain the light impact-resistant carbon material with the carbon particle density reduced and then increased. That is, in the second deposition, the side with higher density of the light impact resistant carbon material is close to the gas flow, after the deposition is finished, the amorphous carbon is deposited again on the other side under the same deposition condition, and the light impact resistant carbon material with the carbon particle distribution density reduced firstly and then increased is obtained.
In some embodiments, the method of making comprises: and preparing the carbon nano tube foam at least by adopting a floating catalytic chemical vapor deposition method.
Further, the carbon nanotube foam has a three-dimensional network space structure formed by a plurality of carbon nanotubes, and the density of the carbon nanotube foam is 7-10 mg/cm3The pore diameter of the pores contained in the three-dimensional network space structure is 5 nm-200 mu m, the porosity is more than 99%, the compression ratio is more than 99%, and the three-dimensional network space structure does not have the rebound characteristic and can not be recovered after compression.
Further, the mass ratio range of the amorphous carbon and the carbon nano tube foam after secondary deposition is 8: 1-20: 1.
In some embodiments, the carbon source for the second deposition can be a gas phase carbon source, such as ethylene, methane, etc., or a liquid phase carbon source, such as ethanol, which is inexpensive and readily available, but is not limited thereto.
Further, the reducing gas may be hydrogen (H)2) But is not limited thereto,
further, the carrier includes an inert gas, and may preferably be Ar, but is not limited thereto. The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process, adoption of easily-obtained carbon source and carrier gas, no generation of byproducts causing environmental pollution, environment-friendly preparation process, low cost, capability of enlarging batch production and realization of commercialization.
In some embodiments, the method of making comprises: and introducing the carbon source into the reaction chamber at a rate of 70-110 sccm. In the foregoing embodiment, the deposition amount of carbon particles inside the three-dimensional network space structure can be controlled by controlling the amount of carbon source introduced per unit time.
Further, the preparation method comprises the following steps: and introducing the carrier gas into the reaction chamber at a rate of 150-250 sccm.
Further, the preparation method comprises the following steps: and introducing the reducing gas into the reaction chamber at a rate of 130-200 sccm.
In the foregoing embodiment, the amorphous carbon distribution can be controlled by controlling and changing the placement position of the deposition material, the original carbon nanotube foam prepared by the floating catalytic chemical vapor deposition method is subjected to gradient structure deposition, and the density of the carbon material is controlled by controlling the deposition parameter conditions. The preparation prepared by the method has gradient densityThe light impact-resistant carbon material with the structure has small density (0.04-0.25 g/cm)3) The cost is low, and no pollution product is generated in the preparation process.
The light impact-resistant carbon material with the gradient density structure prepared by the method provided by the invention fully utilizes the high energy absorption characteristic of the carbon nano tube and the energy absorption characteristic of the soft and hard gradient structure, so that the light impact-resistant carbon material has excellent impact resistance, the soft and hard different structures of a novel impact protection material can be integrally prepared, and the density of the impact-resistant material is further reduced.
Another aspect of an embodiment of the present invention also provides a lightweight impact-resistant carbon material having a gradient density structure prepared by the foregoing method. The material obtained after the amorphous carbon is deposited in a gradient manner has the advantages of both hard and soft impact-resistant materials, and the soft and hard integrated preparation is realized.
In another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided a use of the light impact-resistant carbon material with a gradient density structure in preparing an impact-resistant material.
In conclusion, the carbon nano tube with high energy absorption, high modulus, high strength and low density is used as a basic structural unit, the node welding of carbon nano tube foam is carried out through secondary deposition, the distribution of amorphous carbon is regulated and controlled by changing the placement position of the material, and the prepared light impact-resistant carbon material fully utilizes the high energy absorption characteristic of the carbon nano tube and the energy absorption characteristic of a soft and hard gradient structure, so that the light impact-resistant carbon material has excellent impact resistance, can realize the integrated preparation of soft and hard different structures of a novel impact protection material, and further reduces the density of the impact-resistant material.
The present invention will be more fully understood from the following detailed description, which should be read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, which can be embodied in various forms. Therefore, specific functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention in virtually any appropriately detailed embodiment.
Referring to fig. 1a and 1b, in an embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing a lightweight impact-resistant carbon material with a gradient density structure includes the following steps:
1) original carbon nanotube foam: preparing original carbon nanotube foam by adopting a floating catalytic chemical vapor deposition method, wherein the original carbon nanotube foam has a three-dimensional network space structure formed by a plurality of carbon nanotubes, and the density of the original carbon nanotube foam is 7-10 mg/cm3The thickness is 2-2.5 cm.
2) Secondary deposition: as shown in fig. 1a, a thickness of virgin carbon nanotube foam is mounted on a quartz flat plate and placed vertically in a tube furnace such that the gas flow is directed against the virgin carbon nanotube foam (i.e., vertical). Introducing carbon source and carrier gas (Ar, H) at high temperature2) The amorphous carbon deposition is performed, the number of the amorphous carbon deposited on one side close to the gas flow is larger than that on the other side, and the carbon content is gradually decreased, so that the light impact-resistant carbon material with gradient density from large to small is prepared, the microstructure is shown as fig. 3 a-3 c, and the physical diagram is shown as fig. 2a and 2b (cylindrical).
Referring to fig. 1b, in the light impact resistant carbon material with gradient density structure obtained by the embodiment of the present invention, amorphous carbon is well deposited into the nodes of the three-dimensional network space structure of carbon nanotubes. Other samples of lightweight impact resistant carbon material also had similar structures.
In some embodiments, the carbon source for the secondary deposition may be other carbon sources such as ethylene, ethanol, methane, and the like; the deposition time is 30-90 min, and the deposition temperature is 1050-1150 ℃; the heating rate is 5-15 ℃/min; introducing carbon source at a rate of 70-110 sccm, introducing Ar protective gas at a rate of 150-250 sccm, and introducing H2The rate of (2) is 130-200 sccm; the closer to the side of the airflow, the higher the density of the deposited amorphous carbon, the greater the brittleness of the obtained light impact-resistant carbon material, and conversely, the better the elastic flexibility of the obtained light impact-resistant carbon material, when the material is acted by external force, the brittle layer absorbs a large amount of impact kinetic energy, and the rest kinetic energy is absorbed by the lower layer of foam and effectively converted into the deformation of the foamCan thereby protect the impacted article to a certain extent well.
In some embodiments, one side of the original carbon nanotube foam is close to the air flow to prepare a light impact-resistant carbon material with a density from large to small, or after the light impact-resistant carbon material is deposited for the first time, the other side of the light impact-resistant carbon material with a series of gradient densities obtained in step 2) of the embodiments of the present invention is close to the air flow to prepare a light impact-resistant carbon material with a density from large to small to large, and the microstructure is as shown in fig. 4 a-4 c, and the densities of the two sides can be changed by adjusting the deposition time, the carbon source introduction rate, the position close to the air flow, and the like.
Referring to fig. 5, by testing the compression elasticity of a series of light impact-resistant carbon materials with gradient density structures obtained by the embodiments of the present invention, a split hopkinson pressure bar test shows that the light impact-resistant carbon materials have a significant strain rate effect, and the energy absorption value per unit mass of the materials shown in fig. 5 can reach 8.6 kJ/kg.
The aspects, embodiments, features and examples of the present invention should be considered as illustrative in all respects and not intended to be limiting of the invention, the scope of which is defined only by the claims. Other embodiments, modifications, and uses will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed invention.
The use of headings and chapters in this disclosure is not meant to limit the disclosure; each section may apply to any aspect, embodiment, or feature of the disclosure.
Throughout this specification, where a composition is described as having, containing, or comprising specific components or where a process is described as having, containing, or comprising specific process steps, it is contemplated that the composition of the present teachings also consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited components, and the process of the present teachings also consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited process steps.
Unless specifically stated otherwise, use of the terms "comprising", "including", "having" or "having" is generally to be understood as open-ended and not limiting.
It should be understood that the order of steps or the order in which particular actions are performed is not critical, so long as the teachings of the invention remain operable. Further, two or more steps or actions may be performed simultaneously.
In addition, the inventors of the present invention have also made experiments with other materials, process operations, and process conditions described in the present specification with reference to the above examples, and have obtained preferable results.
While the invention has been described with reference to illustrative embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various other changes, omissions and/or additions may be made and substantial equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from its scope. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims. Moreover, unless specifically stated any use of the terms first, second, etc. do not denote any order or importance, but rather the terms first, second, etc. are used to distinguish one element from another.
Claims (17)
1. A lightweight impact-resistant carbon material having a gradient density structure, comprising carbon nanotube foam and a plurality of carbon particles distributed within the carbon nanotube foam, wherein a distribution density of the carbon particles within a first localized area of the carbon nanotube foam is greater than a distribution density of the carbon particles within a second localized area of the carbon nanotube foam, the first localized area being disposed adjacent to the second localized area such that the lightweight impact-resistant carbon material has a greater density at a location corresponding to the first localized area than at a location corresponding to the second localized area.
2. The lightweight impact-resistant carbon material with a gradient density structure of claim 1, characterized in that: the distribution density of carbon particles in the carbon nanotube foam is reduced or reduced and then increased along a specified direction, so that the density of the light impact-resistant carbon material is reduced or reduced and then increased along the specified direction.
3. The lightweight impact-resistant carbon material with a gradient density structure of claim 2, characterized in that: the distribution density of carbon particles in the carbon nanotube foam is reduced in a gradient manner along a specified direction or is firstly reduced in a gradient manner and then increased in a gradient manner, so that the density of the light impact-resistant carbon material is reduced in a gradient manner along the specified direction or is firstly reduced in a gradient manner and then increased in a gradient manner.
4. The lightweight impact-resistant carbon material with a gradient density structure of claim 1, characterized in that: the mass ratio of the carbon nano tube foam to the carbon particles is 1: 8-1: 20.
5. The lightweight impact-resistant carbon material with a gradient density structure of claim 1, characterized in that: the particle size of the carbon particles is 10nm-300 nm.
6. The lightweight impact-resistant carbon material with a gradient density structure of claim 1, characterized in that: the first local area is a surface area of the carbon nanotube foam, and the second local area is an inner area of the carbon nanotube foam adjacent to the surface area.
7. The lightweight impact-resistant carbon material with a gradient density structure of claim 1, characterized in that: the density of the light impact-resistant carbon material with the gradient density structure is 0.04-0.25g/cm3The porosity is 85-92%, the compressibility is 80-95%, the material still has the resilience characteristic under the compression of 90%, and the energy absorption value of unit mass is 2-20 kJ/kg.
8. The lightweight impact-resistant carbon material with a gradient density structure of claim 1, characterized in that: the carbon nano tube foam has a three-dimensional network space structure formed by a plurality of carbon nano tubes, the aperture of holes contained in the three-dimensional network space structure is 5 nm-200 mu m, and the porosity is more than 99%.
9. The lightweight impact-resistant carbon material with a gradient density structure of claim 8, wherein: the carbon particles are at least distributed at the intersection of the two carbon nanotubes and/or on the surface of part of the carbon nanotubes; and/or the carbon particles are amorphous carbon.
10. A method for producing a light impact-resistant carbon material having a gradient density structure as recited in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising:
placing carbon nanotube foam in a reaction chamber of a chemical vapor deposition apparatus;
and heating the reaction chamber to 1050-1150 ℃, then at least introducing a carbon source and a reducing gas into the reaction chamber, and enabling the direction of the gas flow to form a selected angle with the surface of one side of the carbon nanotube foam, wherein the selected angle is larger than 0 DEG and smaller than 180 DEG, so that carbon particles are deposited at least in the carbon nanotube foam, and further the light impact-resistant carbon material with a gradient density structure is obtained.
11. The method according to claim 10, characterized by comprising: and heating the temperature in the reaction chamber to 1050-1150 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-15 ℃/min, introducing carrier gas, a carbon source and a reducing gas into the reaction chamber, carrying out heat preservation and deposition for 30-90 min, and then cooling to obtain the light impact-resistant carbon material with the gradient density structure.
12. The method of claim 10, further comprising: after the secondary deposition is finished, the side with lower density of the obtained light impact-resistant carbon material is close to the air flow, and the amorphous carbon is deposited again under the same deposition condition to obtain the light impact-resistant carbon material with the carbon particle density reduced and then increased.
13. The method according to claim 10, characterized by comprising: preparing the carbon nano tube foam at least by adopting a floating catalytic chemical vapor deposition method; preferably, the carbon nanotube foam has a three-dimensional network space structure formed by a plurality of carbon nanotubes, and the density of the carbon nanotube foam is 7-10 mg/cm3The aperture of the holes contained in the three-dimensional network space structure is 5 nm-200 mu m, the porosity is more than 99%, the compression ratio is more than 99%, and the three-dimensional network space structure does not have the rebound property.
14. The method of manufacturing according to claim 10, wherein: the mass ratio of the amorphous carbon deposited for the second time to the carbon nano tube foam is 8: 1-20: 1; and/or, the preparation method comprises the following steps: the direction of the gas flow is perpendicular to one side surface of the carbon nanotube foam.
15. The method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that: the carbon source comprises a gas phase carbon source and/or a liquid phase carbon source; preferably, the source of the gas phase carbon source comprises ethylene and/or methane; preferably, the source of the liquid phase carbon source comprises ethanol; and/or, the reducing gas comprises hydrogen; and/or the carrier comprises an inert gas, preferably Ar.
16. The method of claim 10, comprising: introducing the carbon source into the reaction chamber at a rate of 70-110 sccm; and/or the speed of introducing the carrier gas into the reaction chamber is 150-250 sccm; and/or the reducing gas is introduced into the reaction chamber at a rate of 130-200 sccm.
17. Use of a light impact-resistant carbon material with a gradient density structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9 for the preparation of an impact-resistant material.
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