CN113114059A - UPS output voltage compensation method - Google Patents
UPS output voltage compensation method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
- H02J9/062—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for AC powered loads
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Abstract
The invention provides an output voltage compensation method of a UPS, wherein the UPS is output by a transformer, the compensation method comprises the step of carrying out feedback control on the output of the transformer, so that the output voltage of the transformer depends on a reference voltage and a compensation reference voltage, and the compensation reference voltage is generated by at least one of leakage inductance and direct current impedance of the transformer. The method of the invention fundamentally solves the problem of the output precision of the UPS with the transformer output, has small test data volume and does not need to occupy larger chip resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of power supplies, and particularly relates to an output voltage compensation method of an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) with transformer output.
Background
The UPS is mainly used for providing stable and uninterrupted power supply for electric equipment, and is widely applied to: mine, aerospace, industry, communication, national defense, hospitals, computer business terminals, network servers, network devices, data storage devices, emergency lighting systems, railways, shipping, transportation, power plants, substations, nuclear power plants, fire safety alarm systems, wireless communication systems, programmable switches, mobile communications, solar stored energy conversion devices, control devices and their emergency protection systems, personal computers, and the like.
In order to isolate, increase or decrease the voltage, etc., a transformer is usually provided between the UPS and the load, and the inverter architecture of the UPS with transformer output is shown in fig. 1, in which the transformer is located in a box. However, the presence of a transformer also reduces the performance level of the machine and reduces the accuracy of the display of output voltage, current and power. For example, for a UPS of the prior art, the total distortion rate of voltage harmonics at full load (THDV) > 9%, and the current Crest Factor (CF) < 2.5. At present, all UPSs with transformer outputs only compensate the Root Mean Square (RMS) value of the display accuracy, and all are table or linear compensation methods based on measured data, which is limited in that a large amount of test data requires a large amount of chip space resources, and can only compensate some fixed loads, but not all loads.
Disclosure of Invention
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and to provide an output voltage compensation method of a UPS that outputs through a transformer, the compensation method including feedback-controlling the output of the transformer such that the output voltage of the transformer depends on a reference voltage and a compensation reference voltage, the compensation reference voltage being generated by at least one of a leakage inductance and a dc impedance of the transformer.
According to the output voltage compensation method of a UPS of the present invention, preferably, the compensation reference voltage depends on both a leakage inductance and a dc impedance of the transformer.
According to the output voltage compensation method of the UPS of the present invention, preferably, the output voltage of the transformer is feedback-controlled by a controller using the following formula, the controller including a voltage loop and a current loop,
wherein, VoutIs the output voltage of the transformer, KiIs the current loop coefficient, KvIs the number of voltage ring system, s is frequency domain operator, a is voltage ring parameter, L is inverse inductance of UPS, C is inverse capacitance of UPS, r is internal resistance of inverse inductance, i is frequency domain operator0Is the current of the primary side of the transformer, VrefIs a reference voltage, Vref1To compensate for the reference voltage.
According to the output voltage compensation method of the UPS of the present invention, preferably, the compensation reference voltage is determined by the following formula:
Vref1＝Zd(s)iowherein Z isd(s) is a compensation impedance generated by at least one of a leakage inductance and a direct current impedance of the transformer, thereby feedback-controlling an output voltage of the transformer using the following equation:
according to the output voltage compensation method of the UPS of the present invention, preferably, Zd(s)＝Lms+rmWherein L isms and rmRespectively the leakage inductance value and the dc impedance value of the transformer.
According to the output voltage compensation method of the UPS of the present invention, preferably, the compensation impedance is obtained by first-order filtering the leakage inductance and the dc impedance of the transformer, wherein,
wherein L isms and rmRespectively the leakage inductance value and the direct current impedance value of the transformer, b is a filtering frequency point 2 pi f, f is the cut-off frequency of the filter, k is a regulating coefficient, 0<k<1。
The invention also provides a controller for the UPS, wherein the UPS outputs through the transformer, the controller compensates the output voltage of the UPS by adopting the output voltage compensation method of the UPS, and the controller comprises a voltage ring and a current ring.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the problem of the output precision of the UPS with the transformer output is fundamentally solved through the leakage inductance of the transformer and the DC impedance compensation, the test data volume is small, and larger chip resources are not required to be occupied.
Drawings
Embodiments of the invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is an exemplary inverter architecture for a UPS with a transformer output according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an equivalent transformer model according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 illustrates an inverter control model of a UPS without a transformer output;
FIG. 4 illustrates an inverter control model for a UPS with a transformer output;
FIG. 5 shows voltage versus waveform of the primary and secondary sides of a transformer and secondary side current;
FIG. 6 illustrates an improved inverter control model for a UPS with transformer output that accounts for compensation;
FIG. 7 illustrates an improved inverter control model for a UPS with transformer output that comprehensively considers the leakage inductance value and the DC impedance value of the transformer; and
FIG. 8 is a voltage loop compensation bode plot according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail by embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The inductance, in which the magnetic flux generated by one coil of the transformer cannot completely pass through the other coil to cause leakage, is called leakage inductance. The invention solves a series of problems caused by adding the transformer by leakage inductance and resistance compensation. Referring to fig. 1, an exemplary inverter architecture of a UPS with transformer output includes an inverter and a transformer, where the output of the inverter supplies power to a load through the transformer, where the inverter includes an inverter arm formed by field effect transistors Q1-Q4 and diodes VD 1-VD 4, an inverter inductor L, input capacitors C1 and C2, and an inverter capacitor C, and a current in the inductor L is iLVoltage of VLThe output current of the inverter is ioThe voltage on the output capacitor C is ucCurrent is ic(ii) a The transformer comprises a transformer body and a transformer core, wherein the turn ratio is N: 1 primary coil (primary side) and secondary coil (secondary side) having resistance values r1And r2Leakage inductance is x respectively1And x2Respectively, the current is I1And I2The exciting inductance of the transformer is xmThe resistance value of the transformer is rmExcitation current of ImThe output voltage of the transformer is VoutThe impedance of the load is ZF. Considering that all voltage and current sampling is done before the transformer, it is necessary to equate the inductance and resistance values of the secondary winding with respect to the primary winding. FIG. 2 shows an equivalent transformer model, where rmIs the transformer resistance, xmFor transformer excitation inductance, x1Is primary side leakage inductance, r1Is the primary side resistance value r2' is secondary equivalent leakage inductance, r2Is the secondary equivalent resistance value, ZF' is an equivalent load resistance and is,
is an equivalent primary current and is,
in order to be equivalent to the secondary side current,
in order to be an equivalent input voltage,
in order to be an equivalent load voltage,
is an equivalent field current.
Fig. 3 illustrates an inverter control model of a UPS without a transformer output, where the left side of the dotted line is a controller and the right side is a control object. Since no transformer is provided, its output voltage ucI.e. the voltage u at the front end of the transformer in fig. 1cOutput current ioI.e. the UPS output current i at the front end of the transformer in fig. 1o。VrefIs a reference voltage, i.e. a target or rated voltage of the UPS, an output voltage ucFeedback to the input terminal and VrefComparing, the closer the output voltage is to the reference voltage, the higher the precision, ideally Vref＝uc。KvIs the voltage loop coefficient, s is the frequency domain operator, and a is the voltage loop parameter. KiL is the inversion inductance of the UPS, C is the inversion capacitor of the UPS, r is the internal resistance of the inversion inductance L, and Z(s) is the output impedance of the UPS. Direct feed forward load current is employed in a control model without transformer output. If an output transformer is provided, the control model is changed by adding a transformer impedance based on the output impedance Z(s), as shown in FIG. 4, where Z isd(s) includes the transformer impedance and the output impedance Z(s) previously shown in FIG. 3. In the control model of fig. 4, the output voltage of the system is the output voltage (secondary side voltage) V of the transformeroutTherefore, the control target is no longer the feedback capacitor voltage (primary voltage of transformer) ucBut rather the output voltage (secondary voltage) V of the transformeroutHowever, the user finds that in such a case of a transformer-output, the output voltage V of the transformeroutAnd a target voltage VrefThe difference is large, i.e., the accuracy of the output voltage is low, for example, when the target voltage is 230V, the output voltage of the transformer is only 222V or less.
In order to solve the problem of low voltage precision of the output of the transformer, the inventor analyzes and compares the voltage waveforms before and after the transformer, referring to the voltage comparison waveforms of the primary side and the secondary side of the transformer and the secondary side current shown in fig. 5, wherein CH1 represents the voltage of the secondary side of the transformer; CH2 represents the primary voltage of the transformer; CH3 represents the transformer secondary current; CH4 denotes CH2-CH 1. For simplicity, it is assumed in fig. 5 that the transformer ratio of the transformer is 1: 1.
from the waveforms shown in fig. 5, the inventors found that there is an inductive phase relationship between the voltage difference before and after the transformer and the secondary side current CH3 (i.e. the actual output test current) of the transformer, i.e. there is a deviation in the zero crossing point or peak value. Thus, it can be determined that the voltage difference is due to a leakage inductance voltage across the transformer. In addition, the voltage difference is also affected by the dc impedance.
To ensure the accuracy of the feedback control, the voltage loop needs to be referenced by a voltage VrefIncreasing the feedback compensated reference voltage Vref1The compensated reference voltage is generated by at least one of a leakage inductance and a dc impedance of the transformer. CH4 in fig. 5 is the value to be compensated, and the feedback voltage V is calculated by the load current and the equivalent impedance of the primary and secondary windings of the transformerref1. Fig. 6 shows an improved control model for the inverter topology shown in fig. 1, with an output voltage VoutCan be expressed as:
wherein Z isd(s) is a compensation impedance which is generated by at least one or both of a leakage inductance and a direct current impedance of the transformer, Zd(s)ioFor compensating reference voltage Vref1By compensating for the reference voltage Vref1Is a superposition of, and outputs a voltage VoutIs promoted to be closer to the target value VrefThereby improving the accuracy of the inverter output voltage.
How to determine the compensated reference voltage V is discussed in detail belowref1。
Specifically, the equivalent impedance model of the transformer is Zd(s)＝Lms+rmWherein L isms and rmThe leakage inductance value and the direct current impedance value of the transformer are respectively considered, the compensation is a differential quantity, and first-order filtering can be carried out on the compensation quantity to ensure that disturbance of load current is not introducedA larger differential amount.
Where b is the filtering frequency point 2 pi f, f is the cut-off frequency of the filter, k is the adjustment coefficient, 0< k < 1.
Referring to fig. 7, a modified control model is shown, which adds series impedance, taking into account the leakage inductance value and the dc impedance value of the transformer.
The leakage inductance compensation of the transformer is performed by specific simulation and experiment. For better compensation results, calculation was performed using actually measured leakage inductance values and dc impedance values, and table 1 shows the actually measured leakage inductance values and dc impedance values.
TABLE 1 measured leakage inductance and DC impedance parameters
| 6kw | 10kw | |
| Leakage inductance | 540uH | 270uH |
| Total DC impedance | 342mohm | 168mohm |
The compensation can be calculated by substituting the data into the equivalent impedance model of the transformer. For example using computer software (e.g.)Such as matlab), the actual control time is analyzed by an S function obtained after Laplace transform, namely in an S domain, and then Z is obtained by simulation softwared(s) function, i.e. transfer function.
As is well known to those skilled in the art, the Laplace transform (pull transform) is an integral transform commonly used in engineering mathematics, and is a linear transform that converts a function with a real parameter t (t ≧ 0) into a function with a complex parameter s. The laplace transform has wide application in many fields of engineering and scientific research.
Taking 6kw as an example, according to table 1, the leakage inductance is 540 μ H, the total dc impedance is 340 milliohms, while the filter cut-off frequency f is 3.5kHz, k is 1. Substituting to calculate the Z function
Then the discretization is carried out and the discretization is substituted into a matlab program to calculate the required compensation quantity, so that a reference value delta Vref1 of the voltage needing to be compensated for each cycle is obtained, namely the compensation reference voltage Vref1. Then feeding back the reference value to VrefCan obtain the compensated output voltage Vout。
FIG. 8 is a voltage loop compensated baud plot showing Zd(s) amplitude and phase curves, wherein system B represents the leakage inductance compensation differential Lms+rmSystem A denotes a first order filter
The system sys represents the first-order filtered compensation value. It can be seen that the leakage inductance compensation L is taken into accountms+rmThe compensation amount of (2) is a differential amount, and in order to prevent noise from being introduced into the control amount, a first-order filter needs to be added to the compensation amount, so that the disturbance of the load current is ensured not to introduce a large differential amount.
Table 2 below is a W3000 power analysis at a filter frequency (10kw)And (5) collecting related data. Wherein the rated output voltage VrefI.e. the target voltage. As can be seen from the measured values in the table, the compensated actual output voltage is very close to the target voltage. In addition, when the cut-off frequency of the filter reaches 3.5KHz, the output voltage is more accurate, the lower the harmonic wave of the output voltage is, the higher the crest factor is, and the higher the compensation effect is.
TABLE 2
While the UPS output compensation with transformer output is performed with respect to the inverter architecture shown in fig. 1, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the compensation method of the present invention is not limited to the inverter architecture shown in fig. 1, and for any UPS structure known in the art, the method of the present invention may be applied when transformer output is used, that is, the output voltage of the transformer is feedback-controlled so that the output voltage of the transformer depends on the reference voltage and the compensation reference voltage, and the compensation reference voltage is generated by the leakage inductance and/or the dc impedance of the transformer.
Although the present invention has been described by way of preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method of compensating for an output voltage of a UPS, the UPS being output by a transformer, the method comprising feedback controlling the output of the transformer such that the output voltage of the transformer is dependent on a reference voltage and a compensated reference voltage, the compensated reference voltage being generated by at least one of a leakage inductance and a dc impedance of the transformer.
2. The output voltage compensation method of a UPS of claim 1, wherein the compensated reference voltage is dependent on both leakage inductance and dc impedance of the transformer.
3. The output voltage compensation method of a UPS according to claim 1, wherein the output voltage of the transformer is feedback controlled by a controller comprising a voltage loop and a current loop using the following formula,
wherein, VoutIs the output voltage of the transformer, KiIs the current loop coefficient, KvIs the number of voltage ring system, s is frequency domain operator, a is voltage ring parameter, L is inverse inductance of UPS, C is inverse capacitance of UPS, r is internal resistance of inverse inductance, i is frequency domain operator0Is the current of the primary side of the transformer, VrefIs a reference voltage, Vref1To compensate for the reference voltage.
4. The output voltage compensation method of a UPS of claim 3, wherein the compensated reference voltage is determined by the following equation:
Vref1＝Zd(s)iowherein Z isd(s) is a compensation impedance generated by at least one of a leakage inductance and a direct current impedance of the transformer, thereby feedback-controlling an output voltage of the transformer using the following equation:
5. the UPS output voltage compensation method of claim 4, wherein Zd(s)＝Lms+rmWherein L isms and rmRespectively the leakage inductance value and the dc impedance value of the transformer.
6. The output voltage compensation method of the UPS of claim 4, wherein the compensation impedance is obtained by first order filtering a leakage inductance and a DC impedance of the transformer, wherein,
wherein L isms and rmRespectively the leakage inductance value and the direct current impedance value of the transformer, b is a filtering frequency point 2 pi f, f is the cut-off frequency of the filter, k is an adjusting coefficient, 0<k<1。
7. A controller for a UPS that outputs through a transformer, the controller compensating for an output voltage of the UPS using the method of any of claims 1-6, the controller comprising a voltage loop and a current loop.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113629727A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-11-09 | 四川科陆新能电气有限公司 | Energy storage inverter based transformer compensation method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113629727A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-11-09 | 四川科陆新能电气有限公司 | Energy storage inverter based transformer compensation method |
| CN113629727B (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2023-05-30 | 四川科陆新能电气有限公司 | Transformer compensation method based on energy storage inverter |
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