CN113054623A - Photovoltaic module safe and rapid turn-off device and control method - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Abstract
The invention discloses a safe and rapid turn-off device of a photovoltaic assembly, the photovoltaic assembly is connected with a switch device, a holding device and a voltage acquisition module in parallel, the switch device, the holding device and the voltage acquisition module are also connected in parallel, a control module is electrically connected with the switch device through a switch device driving circuit, the control module is electrically connected with the holding device through a holding device driving circuit, a temperature acquisition module acquires the temperature of the photovoltaic assembly and transmits the acquired temperature data to the control module, the output end of the voltage acquisition module is electrically connected with the input end of the control module, and the output end of the control module is electrically connected with the input end of a communication module. According to the invention, unsafe voltage output of the photovoltaic array under emergency or dangerous conditions is avoided through the closing of the switch device and the holding device, and after a fire alarm or other early warning is given out, the controller outputs the photovoltaic modules in sequence to be short-circuited according to system instructions, so that the field fire fighting or emergency treatment is facilitated, and the effectiveness of the safe and rapid switching-off device is further ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solar photovoltaic power generation systems and safety, in particular to a safe and quick turn-off device and a control method for a photovoltaic module.
Background
In a photovoltaic power generation system, a traditional series photovoltaic array has very high voltage, and two hidden dangers of direct current high voltage risk and rescue risk exist. In a conventional series system, the voltage accumulation of the whole series circuit can reach a high voltage of 600V-1000V. Because the photovoltaic module connects the contact pine, contact failure, electric wire reason such as being affected with damp and causes the direct current very easily and draws the arc phenomenon, arouses the conflagration. In addition, when a fire accident happens due to arc discharge or external reasons, for the direct current side, the photovoltaic module can generate electricity as long as illumination exists, high voltage exists all the time, rescue is dangerous, firefighters cannot carry out on-site rescue, and only the fire behavior can be controlled from a distance. Therefore, in order to improve the safety of the photovoltaic system, it is generally required to provide a fast turn-off device for the photovoltaic modules, so as to turn off the connection between the photovoltaic modules, thereby ensuring that the voltage between the live conductors does not exceed a defined safety value.
When the conventional quick turn-off device is turned off, the voltage of the single photovoltaic cell assembly cannot be guaranteed to exceed a specified safety value, so that the standard of the NEC2017 is not met.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention provides a safe and quick switching-off device and a control method of a photovoltaic module, aiming at the problem that the existing quick switching-off device can not meet the requirement of quickly ensuring that the voltage of a single photovoltaic module does not exceed a specified safe value to cut off power supply and simultaneously provides guarantee for fire control.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a photovoltaic assembly safe and fast turn-off device comprises a switch device, a temperature acquisition module, a switch device driving circuit, a holding device, a voltage acquisition module and a control module, wherein the photovoltaic assembly is connected with the switch device, the holding device and the voltage acquisition module in parallel, the switch device, the holding device and the voltage acquisition module are also connected in parallel, the control module is electrically connected with the switch device through a switch device driving circuit, the control module is electrically connected with the holding device through the holding device driving circuit, the temperature acquisition module acquires the temperature of the photovoltaic module, and transmitting the acquired temperature data to a control module, wherein the output end of the voltage acquisition module is electrically connected with the input end of the control module, and the output end of the control module is electrically connected with the input end of the communication module.
Furthermore, the quick turn-off device also comprises a diode, and the diode and the photovoltaic module are mutually connected in parallel.
Furthermore, the switching device, the temperature acquisition module, the holding device, the voltage acquisition module and the control module can be partially or completely integrated with the photovoltaic module.
Further, in the normal operation process of the photovoltaic module, the switching device and the holding device are both in an off state.
Further, during the turn-off of the photovoltaic module, the holding device is closed after the switching device is closed.
Further, the holding device and the switching device may be closed simultaneously during the switching off of the photovoltaic module.
A control method of a photovoltaic module safe and quick turn-off device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: in a control system of a photovoltaic module array, each photovoltaic module is electrically connected with a quick turn-off device, all the quick turn-off devices are connected in series, and all the quick turn-off devices are electrically connected with an input end of a data acquisition unit after being connected in series;
s2: sequencing all the photovoltaic modules according to the series-parallel connection sequence of the photovoltaic modules in the control system, and marking the corresponding sequence number of each photovoltaic module;
s3: and closing the corresponding switch device in each photovoltaic assembly according to the arrangement serial numbers of all the photovoltaic assemblies, closing the corresponding holding device in each photovoltaic assembly after the switch devices are closed, and closing the corresponding holding device in each photovoltaic assembly after preset time till all the switch devices and the holding devices are closed.
Further, the switching device may be closed or opened after the holding device is closed.
Further, in step S3, when the series circuit composed of a plurality of photovoltaic modules in the control system is connected in parallel and the fast turn-off devices are connected in series, and the number of photovoltaic modules in each series circuit is different, all the switching devices and the holding devices are closed, specifically as follows:
the first step is as follows: determining the number of the corresponding photovoltaic modules in each series circuit according to the series circuit formed by the plurality of photovoltaic modules;
the second step is that: comparing the number of the photovoltaic modules corresponding to each series circuit, and sequencing the photovoltaic modules according to a preset sequence;
the third step: according to the sorted sequence, determining the difference between the numbers of the photovoltaic modules between the adjacent series circuits, simultaneously selecting the series circuit corresponding to the maximum number of the photovoltaic modules, and closing the switching devices with the same number of differences between the number of the photovoltaic modules between the series circuit corresponding to the maximum number of the photovoltaic modules and the number of the photovoltaic modules between the adjacent series circuits in the series circuit corresponding to the maximum number of the photovoltaic modules;
the fourth step: repeating the third step until the number of the photovoltaic modules in all the series circuits is the same as the minimum photovoltaic module number after sequencing;
the fifth step: according to all the series circuits with the same number of photovoltaic modules of the non-closed switch devices, when the switch devices in one series circuit are closed, the switch devices in other series circuits are also closed, the closing time of the switch devices in other series circuits is the same as that of the first switch device, and the holding devices are closed after the corresponding switch devices are closed or are closed synchronously with the switch devices;
and a sixth step: and repeating the fifth step until the switching device and the holding device corresponding to each photovoltaic assembly are closed.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
after a fire disaster or other early warnings are sent out, the controller can sequentially short-circuit the photovoltaic modules according to a control sequence, so that the fire can be conveniently rescued on site, and the short-circuit state of the modules can be maintained under the condition that the quick turn-off device is power-off through the matching action of the retaining devices, so that the effectiveness of the safe quick turn-off device is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a quick disconnect of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the system control strategy of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. The described embodiments are a subset of the embodiments of the invention and are not all embodiments of the invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a photovoltaic module safe and fast turn-off apparatus, which includes a switching device, a temperature acquisition module, a switching device driving circuit, a holding device, a voltage acquisition module, and a control module. In this embodiment, the switching device may be a single MOS transistor, a triode, an IGBT, an IGCT, or a single silicon controlled device, may also be another electrically controllable switching device, and may even be a combination of multiple electrically controllable switching devices. The holding device is a magnetic holding relay, a normally closed contact of the relay, a silicon controlled rectifier or other switching devices in a non-self-recovery off state, and can also be a combination of a plurality of switching devices in the non-self-recovery off state.
The photovoltaic module safety quick turn-off device comprises a switch device, a temperature acquisition module, a switch device driving circuit, a holding device, a voltage acquisition module and a control module. If no diode is arranged in the photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic module safe and fast turn-off device in the embodiment further comprises a diode besides the switching device, the temperature acquisition module, the switching device driving circuit, the holding device, the voltage acquisition module and the control module.
In this embodiment, no diode is disposed inside the photovoltaic module, so that the photovoltaic module safe and fast turn-off device in this embodiment includes a diode, a switching device, a temperature acquisition module, a switching device driving circuit, a holding device, a voltage acquisition module, and a control module. Specifically, the anode of the photovoltaic module is electrically connected with the cathode of the diode, the cathode of the diode is electrically connected with the anode of the diode, and the diode is connected with the switch device, the holding device and the voltage acquisition module in parallel. That is, the positive electrode of the photovoltaic module is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the diode, the input terminal of the switch device, the input terminal of the holding device and the input terminal of the voltage acquisition module, and the negative electrode of the photovoltaic module is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the diode, the output terminal of the switch device, the output terminal of the holding device and the output terminal of the voltage acquisition module. Meanwhile, the temperature acquisition module acquires the temperature of the photovoltaic module and transmits the acquired temperature data corresponding to the photovoltaic module to the control module, the output end of the voltage acquisition module is electrically connected with the input end of the control module, and the output end of the control module is electrically connected with the input end of the communication module.
In order to confirm the state information of the switch device and the holding device, the output end of the switch device and the output end of the holding device are both electrically connected with the input end of the data acquisition unit.
In this embodiment, the control module is electrically connected to the switch device through the switch device driving circuit, i.e. the input terminal of the switch device is electrically connected to the output terminal of the switch device driving circuit, and the input terminal of the switch device driving circuit is electrically connected to the output terminal of the control module. Meanwhile, the control module is electrically connected with the holding device through the holding device driving circuit, namely, the input end of the holding device is electrically connected with the output end of the holding device driving circuit, and the input end of the holding device driving circuit is electrically connected with the output end of the control module.
It is noted that the switching device, the temperature acquisition module, the holding device, the voltage acquisition module and the control module may be partially or wholly integrated with the photovoltaic module.
Meanwhile, in the normal working process of the photovoltaic module, the switching device and the holding device are both in an off state. When there is the safety demand, need turn off photovoltaic module, the thinking that photovoltaic module safety quick turn-off device realized in this embodiment is that the monomer photovoltaic module is closed, and probably produces the electric arc at this in-process. For reliable retention of the device after the closing of the switching device. In particular, the switching device is first closed, since closing the switching device shorts the closed output of the photovoltaic module so that the voltage of the photovoltaic module does not exceed the safe voltage. And after the switching device is closed for a preset time, the holding device is closed again. The power failure maintaining characteristic of the maintaining device or part of the switch devices is maintained after the maintaining device is closed, even if a power supply in the safe and rapid turn-off device of the photovoltaic assembly is lost, the photovoltaic assembly is still in safe voltage, so that the rescue safety is ensured, and after the rescue is finished, the maintaining device can be disconnected from the switch devices through control instructions, and then the normal working state is recovered. It is noted that in practical implementations the switching device and the holding device may also be one and the same device.
The embodiment also provides a control method of the photovoltaic module safe and quick turn-off device, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1: referring to fig. 2, in the control system of the photovoltaic module array, each photovoltaic module is electrically connected to one fast turn-off device, all the fast turn-off devices are connected in series, and all the fast turn-off devices are electrically connected to the input end of the data collector after being connected in series, so that the data collector collects status information of the switching device and the holding device in each fast turn-off device, and information such as temperature and voltage of the photovoltaic module can also be collected. The number of the data collectors can be selected according to specific requirements of users, that is, the number of the data collectors can be one or more.
Step S2: and sequencing all the photovoltaic modules according to the series-parallel connection sequence of the photovoltaic modules in the control system. In this embodiment, according to the serial-parallel connection sequence of the photovoltaic modules in the control system, all the photovoltaic modules are sorted according to the reference numerals in fig. 2, that is, all the photovoltaic modules are sorted from left to right and from top to bottom, and the arrangement serial number corresponding to each photovoltaic module is marked.
Step S3: and (4) closing the corresponding switch device in each photovoltaic module according to the arrangement serial numbers of all the photovoltaic modules in the step (S2), closing the corresponding holding device in each photovoltaic module after the switch device is closed and passing through the preset time, and supplying power to stop the external output of the photovoltaic direct current system, thereby avoiding the unsafe voltage output of the photovoltaic array. The preset time is selected according to the circuit time constant, and can be zero, that is, the switching device and the holding device can act synchronously. In the present embodiment, the preset time is selected to be 200 milliseconds.
Specifically, according to the arrangement serial numbers of all the photovoltaic modules in step S2, the corresponding switching device and holding device in each photovoltaic module are closed, specifically:
when a plurality of photovoltaic modules in the control system are connected in series and the quick turn-off devices are connected in series or in parallel, the corresponding switching devices in each photovoltaic module can be sequentially closed according to the arrangement serial numbers of all the photovoltaic modules, can also be closed simultaneously, and even can be closed simultaneously by presetting the number of the switching devices. The number of the preset number can be specifically selected according to the capacities of the photovoltaic module and the electronic switching device, and the holding devices are closed after the switching devices are closed or are closed with the switching devices at the same time.
When a plurality of photovoltaic assemblies in the control system are connected in parallel and the quick turn-off device is connected in series or in parallel, the situation is the same as that when a plurality of photovoltaic assemblies in the control system are connected in series and the quick turn-off device is connected in series or in parallel, namely, the closing modes of the switching device and the holding device corresponding to the two situations are the same, and the description is not repeated here.
When a plurality of photovoltaic assemblies in the control system are connected in series and in parallel and the quick turn-off device is connected in parallel, the situation is the same as that when the plurality of photovoltaic assemblies in the control system are connected in series or in parallel, namely, the switching devices and the holding devices corresponding to the two situations are consistent in closing mode, and the description is not repeated here.
When a plurality of photovoltaic modules in the control system are connected in series and in parallel and the quick turn-off devices are connected in series, the switching devices and the holding devices corresponding to each photovoltaic module are closed, specifically as follows:
the first step is as follows: and determining the number of the corresponding photovoltaic modules in each series circuit according to the series circuit formed by the plurality of photovoltaic modules.
The second step is that: and comparing the number of the photovoltaic modules corresponding to each series circuit, and sequencing according to a preset sequence. The predetermined sequence may be from large to small or from small to large. In the present embodiment, the predetermined sequence is selected from large to small, that is, all the series circuits are sorted from large to small according to the number of the corresponding photovoltaic modules in each series circuit.
The third step: and according to the sequence after sequencing, comparing the number of the photovoltaic modules between two adjacent series circuits, determining the difference value between the number of the photovoltaic modules between the two adjacent series circuits, simultaneously selecting the series circuit corresponding to the maximum number of the photovoltaic modules from the difference values, and closing the switching devices with the same number of difference values between the series circuit corresponding to the maximum number of the photovoltaic modules and the adjacent series circuit in the series circuit corresponding to the maximum number of the photovoltaic modules.
The fourth step: and repeating the third step until the number of the photovoltaic modules in all the series circuits is the same as the minimum photovoltaic module number after sequencing. Referring to fig. 2, the number of the photovoltaic modules in all the series circuits is the same as the minimum photovoltaic module number after sorting, that is, taking the serial number of the photovoltaic module arrangement in the first column in the parallel direction as an example, the arrangement sequence of all the photovoltaic modules in fig. 2 in the parallel direction is 1-1, 2-1, …, and M-1. Taking the arrangement serial number of the photovoltaic modules in the first row in the series direction as an example, the arrangement sequence of all the photovoltaic modules in the series direction is 1-1, 1-2, …, 1- (N-1) and 1-N. That is, there are N columns and M rows of photovoltaic modules in fig. 2.
The fifth step: according to all the series circuits with the same number of photovoltaic modules without closing the switching devices, every time the switching device in one series circuit is closed, the switching devices in other series circuits are also closed, and the closing time of the switching devices in other series circuits is the same as that of the first switching device. That is, when the switching device corresponding to the photovoltaic module with the arrangement number 1-2 in fig. 2 is closed, the switching device corresponding to one photovoltaic module is also closed in the other series circuits where the photovoltaic modules with the arrangement numbers 2-1, …, and M-1 are located. Meanwhile, the closing time of the switching devices corresponding to the photovoltaic modules in other series circuits is the same as that of the switching devices corresponding to the photovoltaic modules with the arrangement serial number of 1-2.
And a sixth step: and repeating the fifth step until the switching devices corresponding to each photovoltaic module are closed, namely all the switching devices are closed, and the holding device can be closed after the switching devices are closed or closed together with the switching devices.
The present invention and its embodiments have been described above schematically, and the description is not limited, and what is shown in the drawings is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the actual structure and method are not limited thereto, for example, a control module is extended to control a plurality of switching devices and holding devices, so as to implement a situation that one control module controls a plurality of photovoltaic modules. Therefore, if the person skilled in the art receives the teaching, the structural modes and embodiments similar to the technical solutions are not creatively designed without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all of them belong to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A photovoltaic assembly safe and rapid turn-off device is characterized by comprising a switch device, a temperature acquisition module, a switch device driving circuit, a retainer device, a voltage acquisition module and a control module, wherein a photovoltaic assembly is connected with the switch device, the retainer device and the voltage acquisition module in parallel, the switch device, the holding device and the voltage acquisition module are also connected in parallel, the control module is electrically connected with the switch device through a switch device driving circuit, the control module is electrically connected with the holding device through the holding device driving circuit, the temperature acquisition module acquires the temperature of the photovoltaic module, and transmitting the acquired temperature data to a control module, wherein the output end of the voltage acquisition module is electrically connected with the input end of the control module, and the output end of the control module is electrically connected with the input end of the communication module.
2. The photovoltaic module safety rapid switching-off device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rapid switching-off device further comprises a diode, and the diode and the photovoltaic module are connected in parallel.
3. The photovoltaic module safe and rapid turn-off device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the switching device, the temperature acquisition module, the holding device, the voltage acquisition module and the control module can be partially or completely integrated with the photovoltaic module.
4. A safety and rapid turn-off device for a photovoltaic module according to claim 3, wherein the switching device and the holding device are both in an off state during normal operation of the photovoltaic module.
5. A safety and rapid switching-off device for photovoltaic modules according to claim 4, characterized in that during the switching-off of the photovoltaic module, the holding means is closed after the switching means is closed.
6. A safety and rapid turn-off device for photovoltaic modules according to claim 4, characterized in that the holding device and the switching device can be closed simultaneously during the turn-off process of the photovoltaic module.
7. A control method of a photovoltaic module safety and fast turn-off device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the control method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: in a control system of a photovoltaic module array, each photovoltaic module is electrically connected with a quick turn-off device, all the quick turn-off devices are connected in series, and all the quick turn-off devices are electrically connected with an input end of a data acquisition unit after being connected in series;
s2: sequencing all the photovoltaic modules according to the series-parallel connection sequence of the photovoltaic modules in the control system, and marking the corresponding sequence number of each photovoltaic module;
s3: and closing the corresponding switch device in each photovoltaic assembly according to the arrangement serial numbers of all the photovoltaic assemblies, closing the corresponding holding device in each photovoltaic assembly after the switch devices are closed, and closing the corresponding holding device in each photovoltaic assembly after preset time till all the switch devices and the holding devices are closed.
8. A control method of a safe and rapid turn-off device of a photovoltaic module according to claim 7, characterized in that the switching device can be closed or opened after the holding device is closed.
9. The method for controlling a safety rapid turn-off device of photovoltaic modules according to claim 7, wherein in step S3, when the series circuit of photovoltaic modules in the control system is connected in parallel and the rapid turn-off device is connected in series, and the number of photovoltaic modules in each series circuit is different, all the switching devices and the holding devices are closed, specifically as follows:
the first step is as follows: determining the number of the corresponding photovoltaic modules in each series circuit according to the series circuit formed by the plurality of photovoltaic modules;
the second step is that: comparing the number of the photovoltaic modules corresponding to each series circuit, and sequencing the photovoltaic modules according to a preset sequence;
the third step: according to the sorted sequence, determining the difference between the numbers of the photovoltaic modules between the adjacent series circuits, simultaneously selecting the series circuit corresponding to the maximum number of the photovoltaic modules, and closing the switching devices with the same number of differences between the number of the photovoltaic modules between the series circuit corresponding to the maximum number of the photovoltaic modules and the number of the photovoltaic modules between the adjacent series circuits in the series circuit corresponding to the maximum number of the photovoltaic modules;
the fourth step: repeating the third step until the number of the photovoltaic modules in all the series circuits is the same as the minimum photovoltaic module number after sequencing;
the fifth step: according to all the series circuits with the same number of photovoltaic modules of the non-closed switch devices, when the switch devices in one series circuit are closed, the switch devices in other series circuits are also closed, the closing time of the switch devices in other series circuits is the same as that of the first switch device, and the holding devices are closed after the corresponding switch devices are closed or are closed synchronously with the switch devices;
and a sixth step: and repeating the fifth step until the switching device and the holding device corresponding to each photovoltaic assembly are closed.
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PCT/CN2020/138251 WO2021129598A1 (en) | 2019-12-26 | 2020-12-22 | Safe and quick shutdown apparatus for photovoltaic module, and control method |
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EP3540938B1 (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2021-06-23 | FIMER S.p.A. | A shut-down apparatus for a string of photovoltaic panels |
CN209787120U (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2019-12-13 | 佛山职业技术学院 | Photovoltaic cell assembly |
CN211556850U (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-09-22 | 中国矿业大学 | Safe and rapid turn-off device for photovoltaic module |
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2019
- 2019-12-26 CN CN201911365618.7A patent/CN113054623A/en active Pending
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2020
- 2020-12-22 WO PCT/CN2020/138251 patent/WO2021129598A1/en active Application Filing
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114024291A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-02-08 | 广东工业大学 | Multi-control component-level rapid shutoff device |
CN114024291B (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2023-08-15 | 广东工业大学 | Multi-control assembly level quick shutoff device |
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