CN112892499B - Preparation method of self-foaming graphene oxide/polydimethylsiloxane sponge - Google Patents
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/285—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using synthetic organic sorbents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/32—Hydrocarbons, e.g. oil
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of self-foaming graphene oxide/polydimethylsiloxane sponge. The invention has simple process and mild reaction condition. The obtained sponge has strong lipophilicity, can selectively adsorb oil in water, has excellent mechanical property and stable structure, can realize repeated cyclic regeneration by using a physical compression method, and has good application prospect in the aspect of oil-water separation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of material preparation and chemical separation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a graphene oxide/polydimethylsiloxane composite sponge body prepared by a spontaneous foaming method.
Background
With the acceleration of global industrialization, the production and consumption of petroleum are increasing, and the problems of petroleum leakage and pollution are also increasing. Petroleum pollution is mostly from human activities, mainly marine transportation, offshore oil and gas exploitation, and coastal industrial pollution discharge. In recent years, the treatment of oily wastewater with adsorbents has become one of the most commonly used methods. Since petroleum is less dense than water, contaminants are typically dispersed on the water surface, meaning that the adsorbent also needs to be less dense than water and highly selective for oils, i.e., oleophilic and hydrophobic.
Polydimethylsiloxane is a hydrophobic organosilicon material. The Si-O-Si main chain of the polydimethylsiloxane has the characteristics of no toxicity, nonflammability, low bulk density, high flexibility and the like, so that the polydimethylsiloxane becomes one of the most widely used oil-water separation materials.
In order to reduce the density, polydimethylsiloxanes are often used in combination with other materials to prepare porous, hydrophobic materials. Different preparation methods determine the volume and structure of the material, and further determine the physical properties and oil-water separation performance of the material. Graphene oxide is an amphiphilic substance that exhibits a hydrophilic to hydrophobic property profile from the edges to the center of graphene sheets. Thus, graphene oxide may be present as a surfactant. The graphene oxide is combined with the polydimethylsiloxane through a physical or chemical method, so that the porosity and the surface roughness of the material can be increased, and the material has higher hydrophobic performance. At present, the physical mixing of graphene oxide and polydimethylsiloxane is mainly carried out, which is unfavorable for maintaining the stability of structure and performance of the material in the long-term repeated use process. In addition, to obtain the porous structure, a porous template is often needed or a pore-forming agent is additionally added, so that the operation is complex and difficult to regulate. For example, CN201610423960.8 discloses a method for synthesizing a graphene-polydimethylsiloxane functional sponge, which requires adding a template agent, and preparing the graphene-polydimethylsiloxane functional sponge by regulating the particle size and morphology of the template. In the method, a template agent is additionally added to prepare the functional sponge with relevant properties, and the obtained sponge has excellent elasticity but low compression modulus.
Therefore, how to prepare the graphene oxide/polydimethylsiloxane composite sponge without adding a template agent and a pore-forming agent, and further improve the physical properties of the sponge is the focus of the research of the invention.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention takes the amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane as a matrix, covalently bonds with graphene oxide through condensation reaction, and foams by utilizing gas byproducts generated after the condensation agent participates in the reaction, thereby obtaining the sponge with high specific surface area, strong hydrophobicity and excellent mechanical property.
The invention relates to a self-foaming graphene oxide/polydimethylsiloxane sponge body, wherein the molecular weight of amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane is 1000-50000Da, and the structural formula is as follows:
the invention relates to a self-foaming graphene oxide/polydimethylsiloxane sponge body, which comprises the following preparation methods:
(1) And (3) dissolving the amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane in an organic solvent, and uniformly stirring to obtain a polydimethylsiloxane solution.
In the step (1), the organic solvent is an organic solvent which has similar solubility parameters to polydimethylsiloxane and is volatile, preferably Tetrahydrofuran (THF), dichloromethane (DCM), chloroform, 1, 4-dioxane, and more preferably tetrahydrofuran.
(2) Adding graphene oxide into the polydimethylsiloxane solution in the step (1), and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution.
In the step (2), the mass ratio of graphene oxide to polydimethylsiloxane is (0.1-5): 100, preferably (0.5-2.0): 100.
(3) Adding condensing agent and glutaraldehyde into the mixed solution of the step (2), and stirring uniformly at room temperature.
The molar ratio of the total condensing agent to the polydimethylsiloxane in the step (3) is (4-60): 1, and the mass ratio of glutaraldehyde to the polydimethylsiloxane is (0.1-2): 100. The condensing agent is commonly used in acylation reaction, and can be selected from one or more of 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-Ethylcarbodiimide (EDC), 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC.HCl) and Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) to be used together with one or more of 4-Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBT), wherein the molar ratio of different condensations is 1:1 when the condensing agent is used together.
(4) Transferring the mixed solution in the step (3) into a mould for solidification. The curing temperature is 20-60 ℃, the curing time is 1-24h, and the self-foaming graphene oxide/polydimethylsiloxane sponge body is obtained after curing.
The invention limits the solidifying temperature to 20-60 ℃, and graphene oxide/polydimethylsiloxane sponge with proper pore diameter can be obtained by spontaneous foaming in the temperature range, if the temperature is lower than 20 ℃, the bubbles are not obvious, and if the temperature is higher than 60 ℃, the bubbles are too many and the pores are too large, so that the adsorption performance is reduced.
The reaction mechanism involved in the invention is as follows: according to the invention, glutaraldehyde is used for polymerization of polydimethylsiloxane to prolong a molecular chain, and a condensing agent is used for enabling amino groups of polydimethylsiloxane to react with carboxyl groups of graphene oxide to generate amide bonds, so that a product can form a porous sponge body by ammonia gas which is a byproduct of condensation reaction in a curing process.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the advantages that:
(1) The invention provides a method for foaming by using a condensing agent, wherein the condensing agent is applied to the preparation of porous polymer materials, and gas is generated.
(2) According to the invention, the amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane is taken as a matrix, and is covalently combined with graphene oxide through a condensation reaction to form a covalent complex, so that the structure is stable, and the reaction condition is mild. The prepared graphene oxide/polydimethylsiloxane sponge has excellent mechanical properties such as elasticity and toughness, the compression modulus can reach 318.2KPa, the cyclic recovery can be realized through simple compression in the use process, the adsorption performance is not obviously reduced after multiple uses, and the cyclic regeneration in practical application and the extension of the service life are facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the reaction equations involved in the preparation of sponge according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an infrared spectrum of graphene oxide/polydimethylsiloxane sponge prepared in example 1 of the present invention, and raw materials graphene oxide and polydimethylsiloxane.
Fig. 3 is an SEM image of graphene oxide/polydimethylsiloxane sponge prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the mechanical properties of graphene oxide/polydimethylsiloxane sponge prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the cyclic compression curve of graphene oxide/polydimethylsiloxane sponge prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a water contact angle of graphene oxide/polydimethylsiloxane sponge prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the residual adsorption amount change of petroleum ether adsorption-desorption by the graphene oxide/polydimethylsiloxane sponge prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples in which materials and reagents are commercially available.
Example 1
(1) 0.5g of an amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (molecular weight 25000) was weighed, 1mL of tetrahydrofuran was added, and stirred well.
(2) Weighing 0.005g of Graphene Oxide (GO), adding the Graphene Oxide (GO) into the polydimethylsiloxane solution in the step (1), and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution.
(3) To the mixed solution of step (2), 0.058g of EDC. HCl and 0.035g of NHS, and 0.005g of glutaraldehyde were added, stirred uniformly, transferred to a mold, and cured at 35℃for 1 hour.
The sponge prepared in example 1 had a water contact angle of 138.1 ° (fig. 6) and a compression modulus of 312.5KPa.
Wherein fig. 4 is a graph showing the mechanical properties of the graphene oxide/polydimethylsiloxane sponge prepared in example 1, and fig. 5 is a graph showing the cyclic compression curve of the graphene oxide/polydimethylsiloxane sponge prepared in example 1, and it can be seen from fig. 4 and 5 that the sponge has excellent elasticity and recovery ability.
After petroleum ether adsorption was performed on the graphene oxide/polydimethylsiloxane sponge prepared in example 1 by using a static adsorption method, petroleum ether was removed by using an extrusion method, and the adsorption was performed again, and the cycle was repeated 30 times, and the obtained residual adsorption amount change chart of adsorption-desorption was shown in fig. 7, from which it was seen that the adsorption performance was not significantly degraded after multiple uses.
Example 2
(1) 0.5g of amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (molecular weight: 5000) was weighed, 1mL of tetrahydrofuran was added, and stirred well.
(2) Weighing 0.020g of Graphene Oxide (GO), adding the Graphene Oxide (GO) into the amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane solution in the step (1), and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution.
(3) To the mixed solution of step (2) were added 0.077g EDC & HCl and 0.046g NHS, and 0.025g glutaraldehyde, stirred well, transferred to a mold, and cured at 50℃for 3h.
The water contact angle of the resulting sponge was 114.9 °.
Example 3
(1) 0.5g of an amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (molecular weight 25000) was weighed, 1mL of tetrahydrofuran was added, and stirred well.
(2) Weighing 0.003g of Graphene Oxide (GO), adding the Graphene Oxide (GO) into the polydimethylsiloxane solution in the step (1), and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution.
(3) To the mixed solution of step (2), 0.058g of EDC. HCl and 0.035g of NHS, and 0.005g of glutaraldehyde were added, stirred uniformly, transferred to a mold, and cured at 35℃for 1 hour.
The resulting sponge had a water contact angle of 117.4℃and a compression modulus of 263.2KPa.
Example 4
(1) 0.5g of an amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (molecular weight 25000) was weighed, 1mL of tetrahydrofuran was added, and stirred well.
(2) Weighing 0.008g of Graphene Oxide (GO), adding the Graphene Oxide (GO) into the polydimethylsiloxane solution in the step (1), and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution.
(3) To the mixed solution of step (2), 0.058g of EDC. HCl and 0.035g of NHS, and 0.005g of glutaraldehyde were added, stirred uniformly, transferred to a mold, and cured at 35℃for 1 hour.
The resulting sponge had a water contact angle of 120.6℃and a compression modulus of 318.2KPa.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 is different from example 1 in that: the curing temperature is below 20 ℃.
(1) 0.5g of an amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (molecular weight 25000) was weighed, 1mL of tetrahydrofuran was added, and stirred well.
(2) Weighing 0.005g of Graphene Oxide (GO), adding the Graphene Oxide (GO) into the polydimethylsiloxane solution in the step (1), and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution.
(3) To the mixed solution of step (2), 0.058g of EDC. HCl and 0.035g of NHS, and 0.005g of glutaraldehyde were added, stirred uniformly, transferred to a mold, and cured at 16℃for 24 hours.
In comparative example 1, the curing temperature is lower than 20 ℃, so that bubbles of the obtained composite material are not obvious, and the requirement of the adsorption performance of the porous sponge material is difficult to meet. In other comparative experiments, if graphene oxide or a condensing agent is not added, bubbles are not generated basically, and a porous sponge material with excellent adsorption performance cannot be prepared.
Claims (5)
1. The preparation method of the self-foaming graphene oxide/polydimethylsiloxane sponge is characterized by comprising the following steps of: dissolving amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane in an organic solvent, adding graphene oxide, stirring uniformly, adding a condensing agent and glutaraldehyde, continuously stirring uniformly, transferring the mixed solution into a mold, and curing at 20-60 ℃ to obtain a self-foaming graphene oxide/polydimethylsiloxane sponge; wherein the mass ratio of graphene oxide to polydimethylsiloxane is (0.1-5) 100, and the molar ratio of the total amount of the condensing agent to polydimethylsiloxane is (4-60) 1; the condensing agent is selected from one or more of 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-Ethylcarbodiimide (EDC), 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC.HCl) and Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and one or more of 4-Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBT).
2. The method of preparing a self-foaming graphene oxide/polydimethylsiloxane sponge as defined in claim 1, wherein the amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane has a molecular weight of 1000-50000 and Da and has the following structural formula:
。
3. the method for preparing the self-foaming graphene oxide/polydimethylsiloxane sponge as recited in claim 1, wherein the organic solvent is selected from one of Tetrahydrofuran (THF), dichloromethane (DCM), chloroform and 1, 4-dioxane.
4. The method for producing a self-foaming graphene oxide/polydimethylsiloxane sponge as recited in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of glutaraldehyde to polydimethylsiloxane is (0.1-20): 100.
5. The method for preparing a self-foaming graphene oxide/polydimethylsiloxane sponge as defined in claim 1, wherein the curing time is 1-24h.
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