CN112881814A - Method for calculating electric shock effect of lower steel frame greenhouse of high-voltage alternating-current transmission line on human body - Google Patents
Method for calculating electric shock effect of lower steel frame greenhouse of high-voltage alternating-current transmission line on human body Download PDFInfo
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/0864—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by constructional or functional features
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/0807—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by the application
- G01R29/0814—Field measurements related to measuring influence on or from apparatus, components or humans, e.g. in ESD, EMI, EMC, EMP testing, measuring radiation leakage; detecting presence of micro- or radiowave emitters; dosimetry; testing shielding; measurements related to lightning
- G01R29/0857—Dosimetry, i.e. measuring the time integral of radiation intensity; Level warning devices for personal safety use
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for calculating the electric shock effect of a steel frame greenhouse under a high-voltage alternating-current transmission line on a human body, which comprises the steps of establishing a finite element model of the human body and the steel frame greenhouse by using COMSOL software, and calculating the induced voltage of the human body and the steel frame greenhouse under the transmission line by using a finite element method; establishing a model of the human body contacting the steel frame greenhouse, respectively calculating transient induction voltage, induced current density, steady induction voltage and induced current density at the moment when the human body contacts the steel frame greenhouse in a frequency domain field and a steady state field by a finite element method, and calculating transient electric shock current and steady electric shock current. The method for calculating the electric shock effect of the steel frame greenhouse under the high-voltage alternating-current transmission line on the human body is simple in modeling, accurate in calculation result and wide in application, steady-state electric shock current and transient-state electric shock current are obtained by setting different physical fields of finite element software, the calculated result value is accurate and visual, and the method has certain guiding significance for preventing the human body under the line from being subjected to the transient-state electric shock of the steel frame greenhouse.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power grids, in particular to a method for calculating the electric shock effect of a steel frame greenhouse under a high-voltage alternating-current power transmission line on a human body.
Background
If one conductor is in a suspended state in an electric field, the conductor is insulated from the ground, and meanwhile, the other conductor is grounded or is also insulated from the ground and has different ground potential from the previous conductor, at the moment when the two conductors are contacted, the potential difference between the two conductors forms an impact current to flow through a human body, so that electric shock is caused.
Such static electricity induced shocks can be classified into two types, one being a transient shock and the other being a steady shock. Transient electric shocks are electric shocks caused by transient currents, which are the transfer of electric charges occurring at the moment when a person touches an object. The steady-state electric shock is the electric shock caused by continuous power frequency current flowing through a human body due to the capacitive coupling of the sensed object and the high-voltage charged body after a person contacts the sensed object.
Since the electric field interference generated by the ultra-high voltage transmission line is obvious for a long time, people have maturely researched the electric field problem, and various solutions are provided for the electric field problem. At present, certain researches are carried out at home and abroad on the condition that a human body is subjected to electric shock under a power transmission line. Some scholars in China calculate and obtain the electric field distribution under the high-voltage transmission line and the distortion condition of the surrounding electric field when human bodies exist by using a simulated charge method; and calculating the induced current in the human body under the power transmission line by using a three-dimensional impedance theory method. However, most researchers mainly study the electric field distortion of buildings nearby under the high-voltage transmission line and the exposure limit of the ultra-high voltage power frequency electromagnetic field on the human body.
Currently, for the calculation problem of human body transient shock, MATLAB programming calculation or SIMULINK built simulation circuit is mostly adopted to complete the calculation. The calculation methods are complex to operate, the difficulty in writing and understanding the programming language is high, and the problems cannot be reflected intuitively. In addition, the methods neglect some unfavorable conditions during calculation, only can solve the single and ideal practical problem, the calculation result is not accurate enough, and the parameters such as the position of the line or the object are not convenient to modify. Therefore, it is necessary to design a calculation method for transient electric shock of a human body by using a steel frame greenhouse below a high-voltage alternating-current transmission line, which has the advantages of simple modeling, accurate calculation result and wide application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for calculating the electric shock effect of a steel frame greenhouse under a high-voltage alternating-current transmission line on a human body, which is simple in modeling, accurate in calculation result and wide in application, can obtain steady-state electric shock current and transient-state electric shock current by setting different physical fields of finite element software, is accurate and intuitive in calculated result value, and has certain guiding significance for preventing the human body under the line from being subjected to the transient-state electric shock of the steel frame greenhouse.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a method for calculating the electric shock effect of a steel frame greenhouse under a high-voltage alternating-current transmission line on a human body comprises the following steps:
respectively establishing finite element models of a human body and a steel frame greenhouse under the high-voltage alternating-current transmission line in finite element software according to the size of an actual object, setting calculation parameters of the human body and the steel frame greenhouse, carrying out grid division, and calculating induction voltages of the human body and the steel frame greenhouse under the high-voltage alternating-current transmission line respectively through a finite element method;
establishing a finite element model of the human body contacting the steel-frame greenhouse in finite element software according to the finite element model of the human body and the steel-frame greenhouse established in the step 1;
according to the finite element model of the human body contacting the steel-frame greenhouse in the step 2, transient induction voltage and induction current density at the moment when the human body contacts the steel-frame greenhouse are calculated in a frequency domain field through a finite element method, the change condition of induction electric quantity before and after contact is analyzed, transient electric shock current is calculated according to the induction current density, and transient discharge energy of the steel-frame greenhouse to the human body is calculated according to the transient electric shock current;
according to the finite element model of the human body contacting the steel frame greenhouse in the step 2, calculating steady-state induction voltage and induction current density at the moment when the human body contacts the steel frame greenhouse through a finite element method in a steady-state field, analyzing the change condition of induction electric quantity before and after contact, calculating steady-state electric shock current according to the induction current density, and calculating steady-state discharge energy of the steel frame greenhouse to the human body according to the steady-state electric shock current.
Optionally, the calculation parameters of the human body and the steel-framed greenhouse in the step 1 include dielectric constant and conductivity of the human body and resistivity and dielectric constant of the steel-framed greenhouse.
Optionally, in step 3, the transient electric shock current is calculated according to the induced current density, and the transient discharge energy of the steel frame greenhouse to the human body is calculated according to the transient electric shock current, specifically:
calculating the transient shock current i according to the induced current density and the total surface area of the human body by the following formula:
i＝∫JSds (1)
j is human induced-current density in the formula, and S is human total surface area, calculates the transient state discharge energy W of steel frame big-arch shelter to the human body according to transient state electric shock current i and is:
wherein R is the human body resistance and t is the transient shock time.
Optionally, in step 3, the steady-state electric shock current is calculated according to the induced current density, and the steady-state discharge energy of the steel frame greenhouse to the human body is calculated according to the steady-state electric shock current, specifically:
calculating the steady-state shock current i according to the induced current density and the total surface area of the human body by the following formula:
i＝∫JSds (3)
in the formula, J is the induced current density of the human body, S is the total surface area of the human body, and the steady-state discharge energy W of the steel frame greenhouse to the human body is calculated according to the steady-state electric shock current i:
wherein R is the body resistance and t is the steady state shock time.
Optionally, the grid division in step 1 is specifically:
establishing a finite element model of a human body and a steel frame greenhouse under a high-voltage alternating-current transmission line, additionally establishing a layer of region at the periphery of a solving region, closely attaching the region to the solving region, and adding an infinite unit for accelerating the attenuation of a power frequency electromagnetic field and improving the calculation precision and efficiency.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects: the method for calculating the electric shock effect of the steel frame greenhouse under the high-voltage alternating-current transmission line on the human body is simple in modeling, accurate in calculation result and wide in application, steady-state electric shock current and transient-state electric shock current can be obtained by setting different physical fields of finite element software, the calculated result value is accurate and visual, certain guiding significance is provided for preventing the human body under the line from suffering from the transient-state electric shock of the steel frame greenhouse, model parameters are convenient to adjust, and comparison values under different conditions can be obtained; establishing a finite element model of the human body and the steel frame greenhouse by using COMSOL software, and calculating the induced voltage of the human body and the steel frame greenhouse under the power transmission line by using a finite element method; establishing a finite element model of a human body contacting the steel-frame greenhouse, calculating transient induction voltage and induction current density at the moment when the human body contacts the steel-frame greenhouse in a frequency domain field by a finite element method, calculating steady induction voltage and induction current density after the human body contacts the steel-frame greenhouse in a steady state field by the finite element method, calculating transient electric shock current and steady electric shock current, and obtaining accurate and visual calculated results; after the model is established, additionally establishing a layer of area close to the solving area at the periphery of the solving area, and adding an infinite unit to achieve the effect of accelerating the attenuation of the power frequency electromagnetic field and improve the calculation precision and efficiency; the free tetrahedral mesh is adopted, the resistivity and the relative dielectric constant of the wires, the human body, the steel frame greenhouse and the air are respectively attached to corresponding models, and independent segmentation areas are established for each wire, the human body and the steel frame greenhouse during mesh segmentation, so that the calculation precision and the calculation speed can be improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for calculating the electric shock effect of a lower steel frame greenhouse of a high-voltage alternating-current transmission line on a human body according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a simplified model of a human body;
FIG. 3 is a simplified model structure diagram of a steel frame greenhouse;
FIG. 4 is a grid split view;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the off-line human body induced voltage distribution;
FIG. 6 is a distribution diagram of the induced voltage of the off-line greenhouse;
FIG. 7 is a steady-state induced voltage distribution diagram of an offline human body contacting the greenhouse;
FIG. 8 is a graph of steady state induced current density distribution of an offline human body contacting a greenhouse;
FIG. 9 is a graph of transient induced voltage distribution of an offline human body contacting a greenhouse;
fig. 10 is a distribution diagram of the transient induced current density of the off-line human body contacting the greenhouse.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a method for calculating the electric shock effect of a steel frame greenhouse under a high-voltage alternating-current transmission line on a human body, which is simple in modeling, accurate in calculation result and wide in application, can obtain steady-state electric shock current and transient-state electric shock current by setting different physical fields of finite element software, is accurate and intuitive in calculated result value, and has certain guiding significance for preventing the human body under the line from being subjected to the transient-state electric shock of the steel frame greenhouse.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for calculating the electric shock effect of the steel frame greenhouse under the high-voltage alternating-current transmission line on the human body provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
respectively establishing finite element models of a human body and a steel frame greenhouse under the high-voltage alternating-current transmission line in finite element software according to the size of an actual object, setting calculation parameters of the human body and the steel frame greenhouse, carrying out grid division, and calculating induction voltages of the human body and the steel frame greenhouse under the high-voltage alternating-current transmission line respectively through a finite element method;
establishing a finite element model of the human body contacting the steel-frame greenhouse in finite element software according to the finite element model of the human body and the steel-frame greenhouse established in the step 1;
according to the finite element model of the human body contacting the steel-frame greenhouse in the step 2, transient induction voltage and induction current density at the moment when the human body contacts the steel-frame greenhouse are calculated in a frequency domain field through a finite element method, the change condition of induction electric quantity before and after contact is analyzed, transient electric shock current is calculated according to the induction current density, and transient discharge energy of the steel-frame greenhouse to the human body is calculated according to the transient electric shock current;
according to the finite element model of the human body contacting the steel frame greenhouse in the step 2, calculating steady-state induction voltage and induction current density at the moment when the human body contacts the steel frame greenhouse through a finite element method in a steady-state field, analyzing the change condition of induction electric quantity before and after contact, calculating steady-state electric shock current according to the induction current density, and calculating steady-state discharge energy of the steel frame greenhouse to the human body according to the steady-state electric shock current.
In the step 1, the calculation parameters of the human body and the steel-frame greenhouse comprise the dielectric constant and the conductivity of the human body and the resistivity and the dielectric constant of the steel-frame greenhouse.
In step 3, calculating the transient electric shock current according to the induced current density, and calculating the transient discharge energy of the steel frame greenhouse to the human body according to the transient electric shock current, specifically:
calculating the transient shock current i according to the induced current density and the total surface area of the human body by the following formula:
i＝∫JSds (1)
j is human induced-current density in the formula, and S is human total surface area, calculates the transient state discharge energy W of steel frame big-arch shelter to the human body according to transient state electric shock current i and is:
wherein R is the human body resistance and t is the transient shock time.
In step 3, calculating a steady-state electric shock current according to the induced current density, and calculating the steady-state discharge energy of the steel frame greenhouse to the human body according to the steady-state electric shock current, specifically:
calculating the steady-state shock current i according to the induced current density and the total surface area of the human body by the following formula:
i＝∫JSds (3)
in the formula, J is the induced current density of the human body, S is the total surface area of the human body, and the steady-state discharge energy W of the steel frame greenhouse to the human body is calculated according to the steady-state electric shock current i:
wherein R is the body resistance and t is the steady state shock time.
The grid division in the step 1 specifically includes:
establishing a finite element model of a human body and a steel frame greenhouse under a high-voltage alternating-current transmission line, additionally establishing a layer of region at the periphery of a solving region, closely attaching the region to the solving region, and adding an infinite unit for accelerating the attenuation of a power frequency electromagnetic field and improving the calculation precision and efficiency.
One embodiment of the invention is: taking a 1000kV extra-high voltage alternating-current same-tower double-circuit transmission line as an example, wherein the model of a lead is 8 × LGJ-630/45, the phase sequence arrangement mode of the transmission line is reverse phase sequence arrangement, and the line takes 80m as a span; considering the sag parameters of the power transmission line, the sag parameters of each lead from top to bottom are set to be 6m, 7m and 7m, the height of the set point of the upper phase lead frame is 82.5m, the height of the set point of the middle phase lead frame is 61.5m, the height of the set point of the lower phase lead frame is 39.5m, and the distances among the upper phase lead, the middle phase lead and the lower phase lead are respectively 31m, 40m and 36 m. The specific steps of this embodiment include:
1. calculating the induction voltage of the offline human body and the steel frame greenhouse:
1) establishing a human body model:
a finite element model of a human body and a steel frame greenhouse under a high-voltage alternating-current transmission line is established by using COMSOL software, wherein the human body is simplified in an equal proportion according to the actual human body, as shown in figure 2, the head of the human body is a sphere, the neck of the human body is a cylinder, the body of the human body is a rectangle, the arms and the legs of the human body are cylinders, the total height of the human body is 170cm, the calculation parameters of the human body are mainly represented by dielectric constant and conductivity, the relative dielectric constant of the human body is set to be 1 x 106, and the conductivity is.
2) Establishing a steel frame greenhouse model:
as shown in fig. 3, the off-line steel-framed greenhouse is a common steel-framed greenhouse for planting, the width of the greenhouse is 8m, the height of the edge is 1.8m, the peak is 4.8m, the electrical parameters of the steel-framed greenhouse mainly include the resistivity and the dielectric constant of the steel material of the housing, and the set resistivity is 1 × 105The relative dielectric constant is 1.
3) Simulation calculation of the offline induced voltage:
after the model is established, additionally establishing a layer of area close to the solving area at the periphery of the solving area, and adding an infinite unit to achieve the effect of accelerating the attenuation of the power frequency electromagnetic field and improve the calculation precision and efficiency; the established model definition unit is given first when the grid division is performed, in the embodiment, a free tetrahedral grid is adopted, 2 parameters (resistivity or conductivity, relative dielectric constant) of the wires, the human body, the steel-framed greenhouse and the air are respectively attached to the corresponding models, and an independent partition area is established for each wire, the human body and the steel-framed greenhouse when the grid division is performed, so that the calculation accuracy and the calculation speed can be improved, wherein a grid division schematic diagram is shown in fig. 4.
As shown in fig. 5-6, induced voltages of the human body and the steel-framed greenhouse below the 1000kV alternating-current transmission line are calculated by finite element software, wherein the maximum values of the induced voltages of the human body and the steel-framed greenhouse below the 1000kV alternating-current transmission line are shown in table 1,
TABLE 1 offline human body and greenhouse induced voltage
2. Calculating transient electric shock current and steady electric shock current of the human body contacting the steel frame greenhouse:
establishing a finite element model of a human body contacting the steel-frame greenhouse in finite element software, setting the hand of the human body and the surface of the steel-frame greenhouse as a contact surface, respectively calculating the finite element model of the human body contacting the steel-frame greenhouse through a steady-state field and a frequency domain field, as shown in fig. 7-10, obtaining an electric shock effect of the human body contacting the steel-frame greenhouse below the 1000kV alternating-current transmission line, and processing and further calculating the result to obtain electric shock current and electric quantity when the human body contacting the steel-frame greenhouse below the 1000kV alternating-current transmission line as shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 electric shock current and electric quantity when human body under line contacts steel frame greenhouse
The method for calculating the electric shock effect of the steel frame greenhouse under the high-voltage alternating-current transmission line on the human body is simple in modeling, accurate in calculation result and wide in application, steady-state electric shock current and transient-state electric shock current can be obtained by setting different physical fields of finite element software, the calculated result value is accurate and visual, certain guiding significance is provided for preventing the human body under the line from suffering from the transient-state electric shock of the steel frame greenhouse, model parameters are convenient to adjust, and comparison values under different conditions can be obtained; establishing a finite element model of the human body and the steel frame greenhouse by using COMSOL software, and calculating the induced voltage of the human body and the steel frame greenhouse under the power transmission line by using a finite element method; establishing a finite element model of a human body contacting the steel-frame greenhouse, calculating transient induction voltage and induction current density at the moment when the human body contacts the steel-frame greenhouse in a frequency domain field by a finite element method, calculating steady induction voltage and induction current density after the human body contacts the steel-frame greenhouse in a steady state field by the finite element method, calculating transient electric shock current and steady electric shock current, and obtaining accurate and visual calculated results; after the model is established, additionally establishing a layer of area close to the solving area at the periphery of the solving area, and adding an infinite unit to achieve the effect of accelerating the attenuation of the power frequency electromagnetic field and improve the calculation precision and efficiency; the free tetrahedral mesh is adopted, the resistivity and the relative dielectric constant of the wires, the human body, the steel frame greenhouse and the air are respectively attached to corresponding models, and independent segmentation areas are established for each wire, the human body and the steel frame greenhouse during mesh segmentation, so that the calculation precision and the calculation speed can be improved.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for calculating the electric shock effect of a steel frame greenhouse under a high-voltage alternating-current transmission line on a human body is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, establishing a finite element model of a human body and a steel frame greenhouse under a high-voltage alternating-current transmission line, and calculating an induction voltage:
respectively establishing finite element models of a human body and a steel frame greenhouse under the high-voltage alternating-current transmission line in finite element software according to the size of an actual object, setting calculation parameters of the human body and the steel frame greenhouse, carrying out grid division, and calculating induction voltages of the human body and the steel frame greenhouse under the high-voltage alternating-current transmission line respectively through a finite element method;
step 2, establishing a finite element model of the human body contacting the steel frame greenhouse:
establishing a finite element model of the human body contacting the steel-frame greenhouse in finite element software according to the finite element model of the human body and the steel-frame greenhouse established in the step 1;
step 3, calculating the transient electric shock effect of the steel frame greenhouse on the human body:
according to the finite element model of the human body contacting the steel-frame greenhouse in the step 2, transient induction voltage and induction current density at the moment when the human body contacts the steel-frame greenhouse are calculated in a frequency domain field through a finite element method, the change condition of induction electric quantity before and after contact is analyzed, transient electric shock current is calculated according to the induction current density, and transient discharge energy of the steel-frame greenhouse to the human body is calculated according to the transient electric shock current;
step 4, calculating the steady-state electric shock effect of the steel frame greenhouse on the human body:
according to the finite element model of the human body contacting the steel frame greenhouse in the step 2, calculating steady-state induction voltage and induction current density at the moment when the human body contacts the steel frame greenhouse through a finite element method in a steady-state field, analyzing the change condition of induction electric quantity before and after contact, calculating steady-state electric shock current according to the induction current density, and calculating steady-state discharge energy of the steel frame greenhouse to the human body according to the steady-state electric shock current.
2. The method for calculating the electric shock effect of the steel-framed greenhouse under the high-voltage alternating-current transmission line on the human body according to claim 1, wherein the calculation parameters of the human body and the steel-framed greenhouse in the step 1 comprise the dielectric constant and the conductivity of the human body and the resistivity and the dielectric constant of the steel-framed greenhouse.
3. The method for calculating the electric shock effect of the steel-framed greenhouse under the high-voltage alternating-current transmission line on the human body according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the transient electric shock current is calculated according to the induced current density, and the transient discharge energy of the steel-framed greenhouse on the human body is calculated according to the transient electric shock current, which specifically comprises the following steps:
calculating the transient shock current i according to the induced current density and the total surface area of the human body by the following formula:
i＝∫JSds (1)
j is human induced-current density in the formula, and S is human total surface area, calculates the transient state discharge energy W of steel frame big-arch shelter to the human body according to transient state electric shock current i and is:
wherein R is the human body resistance and t is the transient shock time.
4. The method for calculating the electric shock effect of the steel-framed greenhouse under the high-voltage alternating-current transmission line on the human body according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the steady-state electric shock current is calculated according to the induced current density, and the steady-state discharge energy of the steel-framed greenhouse on the human body is calculated according to the steady-state electric shock current, which specifically comprises the following steps:
calculating the steady-state shock current i according to the induced current density and the total surface area of the human body by the following formula:
i＝∫JSds (3)
in the formula, J is the induced current density of the human body, S is the total surface area of the human body, and the steady-state discharge energy W of the steel frame greenhouse to the human body is calculated according to the steady-state electric shock current i:
wherein R is the body resistance and t is the steady state shock time.
5. The method for calculating the electric shock effect of the lower steel-frame greenhouse of the high-voltage alternating-current transmission line on the human body according to claim 1, wherein the grid division in the step 1 is specifically as follows:
establishing a finite element model of a human body and a steel frame greenhouse under a high-voltage alternating-current transmission line, additionally establishing a layer of region at the periphery of a solving region, closely attaching the region to the solving region, and adding an infinite unit for accelerating the attenuation of a power frequency electromagnetic field and improving the calculation precision and efficiency.
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