CN112506041B - DC/DC converter - Google Patents
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- CN112506041B CN112506041B CN202011301157.XA CN202011301157A CN112506041B CN 112506041 B CN112506041 B CN 112506041B CN 202011301157 A CN202011301157 A CN 202011301157A CN 112506041 B CN112506041 B CN 112506041B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B11/00—Automatic controllers
- G05B11/01—Automatic controllers electric
- G05B11/36—Automatic controllers electric with provision for obtaining particular characteristics, e.g. proportional, integral, differential
- G05B11/42—Automatic controllers electric with provision for obtaining particular characteristics, e.g. proportional, integral, differential for obtaining a characteristic which is both proportional and time-dependent, e.g. P. I., P. I. D.
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a DC/DC converter, belonging to the technical field of control of power transmission lines. The DC/DC converter includes: the inverter, one end of the said inverter is used for receiving the input voltage to be converted; one end of the transformer is connected with the other end of the inverter; one end of the rectifier is connected with the other end of the transformer, and the other end of the rectifier is used for outputting the output voltage of the DC/DC converter; the PI controller of claim 1, one end of the PI controller connected to the other end of the rectifier; and one end of the comparator is connected with the other end of the PI controller, and the other end of the comparator is connected with the control end of the inverter. The PI controller and the DC/DC converter can avoid the condition that a circuit cannot be used due to the fact that a capacitor and a leakage inductance do not have a resonant circuit when a compensation capacitor is added in the DC/DC converter in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of control of power transmission lines, in particular to a DC/DC converter.
Background
For a high-frequency transformer, in order to compensate leakage inductance, a primary capacitor series compensation method can be adopted, and a traditional capacitor series compensation method is to directly connect a capacitor in series at the front section of a transformer winding. However, the compensation method is realized on the premise that a resonant circuit of the compensation capacitor and the leakage inductance is required to be arranged, for a high-frequency transformer, a high-frequency signal is generated by a high-frequency inverter circuit, the traditional high-frequency inverter circuit is in a full-bridge topology, the resonant circuit of the compensation capacitor and the leakage inductance exists, the traditional series compensation method is suitable, for topologies such as double-tube forward excitation and double-winding coupling, the resonant circuit of the compensation capacitor and the leakage inductance does not exist on the primary side of the transformer, and the traditional compensation method is not suitable any more.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a DC/DC converter that can prevent a circuit from being disabled due to no resonant tank for capacitance and leakage inductance when a compensation capacitance is added to a DC/DC converter of the related art.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a PI controller, where a built-in transfer function of the PI controller is formula (1),
wherein G isPI+C(s) is the built-in transfer function, GPI(s) is the transfer function without the addition of a virtual capacitance compensation branch, Gid(s) is a transfer function of the drive signal d to the output voltage of the inverter in the DC/DC converter corresponding to the PI controller, Gud(s) is a transfer function of a drive signal d to an output current of an inverter in the DC/DC converter, s is a Laplace operator, and C is a virtual of the DC/DC converterSeries capacitor。
In another aspect, the present invention also provides a DC/DC converter, including:
the inverter, one end of the said inverter is used for receiving the input voltage to be converted;
one end of the transformer is connected with the other end of the inverter;
one end of the rectifier is connected with the other end of the transformer, and the other end of the rectifier is used for outputting the output voltage of the DC/DC converter;
the PI controller of claim 1, one end of the PI controller connected to the other end of the rectifier; and
and one end of the comparator is connected with the other end of the PI controller, and the other end of the comparator is connected with the control end of the inverter.
Optionally, the inverter comprises:
a control end of the first controllable switch is connected with a first end of the control end of the inverter, one end of the first controllable switch is used for receiving a positive electrode of the input voltage, and the other end of the first controllable switch is connected with one end of the transformer;
a control end of the second controllable switch is connected with a second end of the control end of the inverter, one end of the second controllable switch is connected with the other end of the first controllable switch, and the other end of the second controllable switch is used for being connected with a negative electrode of the input voltage;
a third controllable switch, a control terminal of the third controllable switch being connected to the second terminal of the control terminal of the inverter, and one terminal of the third controllable switch being connected to one terminal of the first controllable switch;
and a control end of the fourth controllable switch is connected with the first end of the control end of the inverter, one end of the fourth controllable switch is connected with the other end of the third controllable switch, and the other end of the fourth controllable switch is used for being connected with the negative electrode of the input voltage.
Optionally, a first end of the transformer is connected to the other end of the first controllable switch, and a second end of the transformer is connected to the other end of the third controllable switch.
Optionally, the rectifier comprises:
a first diode, an anode of which is connected to the third terminal of the transformer, and a cathode of which is used for outputting an anode of the output voltage of the DC/DC converter;
a second diode having a cathode connected to an anode of the first diode, and an anode connected to a cathode for outputting an output voltage of the DC/DC converter;
the anode of the third diode is connected with the fourth end of the transformer, and the cathode of the third diode is connected with the cathode of the first diode;
the anode of the fourth diode is connected with the anode of the second diode, and the cathode of the fourth diode is connected with the anode of the third diode;
and one end of the output capacitor is connected with the anode of the fourth diode, and the other end of the output capacitor is connected with the cathode of the third diode.
Through the technical scheme, the PI controller and the DC/DC converter provided by the invention have the advantages that a virtual capacitance compensation link is added in a control loop of the PI controller, and on the basis of the virtual capacitance compensation link, an improved transfer function is adopted as a built-in transfer function of the PI controller, so that the situation that a circuit cannot work due to the fact that a resonant loop does not exist in capacitance and leakage inductance when a compensation capacitor is added in the central DC/DC converter in the prior art is avoided; on the other hand, compared with the prior art, the PI controller and the DC/DC converter provided by the invention have the improvement points that the improved transfer function is adopted, so that series capacitors are not required to be added in front of a transformer in the DC/DC converter, the compatibility effect of the DC/DC converter is improved, the design cost of a circuit is reduced, and the design volume of the circuit is reduced.
Additional features and advantages of embodiments of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the embodiments of the invention without limiting the embodiments of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional DC/DC converter of the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a logic diagram of a DC/DC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an equivalent control block diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an equivalent control block diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of a DC/DC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the use of directional terms such as "upper, lower, top, and bottom" is generally used with respect to the orientation shown in the drawings or the positional relationship of the components with respect to each other in the vertical, or gravitational direction.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not be within the protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention provides a PI controller (Linear controller), the built-in transfer function of the PI controller is formula (1),
wherein G isPI+C(s) is the built-in transfer function, GPI(s) is the transfer function without the addition of a virtual capacitance compensation branch, Gid(s) is the transfer function of the drive signal or switching reference signal d to the output voltage of the inverter in a DC/DC converter corresponding to the PI controller, Gud(s) is the transfer function of the drive signal d to the output current of the inverter in the DC/DC converter, s is the Laplace operator, C is the virtual of the DC/DC converterSeries capacitor。
Fig. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a conventional DC/DC converter. In fig. 1, the inverter supplies a dc input voltage UinOutput voltage u converted to alternating currentaThrough which is passedSeries capacitorC filtering and voltage regulation of transformer T, and then feeding into rectifier to obtain output voltage U of DC/DC converterout。
The PI controller combines the output voltage U through a built-in transfer functionoutAnd the output voltage UoutReference value U ofout *A switching reference signal d for controlling the inverter is calculated. The comparator combines the switching reference signal d with two preset sets of triangular carriers with phases different by 180 ° to obtain two sets of PWM signals (PWM1 and PWM2) for controlling the inverter.
However, in the circuit diagram as shown in FIG. 1, sinceSeries capacitorThe existence of C makes the high-frequency inverter circuit have to be a traditional full-bridge topology because a resonant circuit for compensating capacitance and leakage inductance exists. However, for the high-frequency inverter circuit with topological structures such as double-tube forward excitation, double-winding coupling and the like, a resonant circuit of a compensation capacitor and a leakage inductance does not exist on the primary side of the transformer. TheSeries capacitorC does not achieve the effect of compensating the capacitance. Therefore, the present invention starts from the transfer function of the PI controller, and overcomes the above technical drawbacks by improving the built-in transfer function. For the built-in transfer function, the specific process is obtained as follows:
1. according to zone virtualizationSeries capacitorClosed loop system block diagram of the compensation branch (fig. 2), a virtual capacitive compensation branch as shown in fig. 3 is exploded. In FIG. 2, the output voltage UoutAnd a reference value Uout *Make a comparisonAnd carrying out error regulation on the obtained error signal through a PI controller so as to obtain a switch reference signal d. In this fig. 3, the transfer function of the PI controller is shown in equation (2),
wherein G isPI(s) is the transfer function of the PI controller shown in FIG. 1, KpIs a proportionality coefficient, KiIs the integral coefficient and s is the laplacian operator.
According to the small-signal model of the high-frequency inverter circuit, the transfer function G can be obtained by the method in the prior artid(s) and Gud(s). In the case of a transformer with a transformation ratio of 1, as shown in fig. 1 or 2, the transfer function Gid(s) and Gud(s) can be represented by formula (3),
wherein R isloadIs a predetermined equivalent load resistance, f is a predetermined switching frequency, CoutTo output capacitance, L1Is the inductance on one side of the transformer. In the context of figure 1 of the drawings,series capacitorVoltage u acrosscAs can be seen from the equation (4),
wherein iaIs the output current of the inverter. In connection with the circuit shown in fig. 1, u1、uaAnd ucThe relationship between them can be as shown in equation (5),
u1＝ua-uc， (5)。
a virtual capacitance compensation branch, i.e. the dashed branch in fig. 3, is thus obtained. In this FIG. 3, GT(s) is the transfer function of a T-equivalent circuit, and is conventional and known to those skilled in the artA transfer function.
However, as can be seen from fig. 2 and 3, in fig. 2, the virtual capacitance compensation branch is a parallel branch of the PI controller, but in fig. 3, the virtual capacitance compensation branch is not a parallel branch of the PI controller. Therefore, it is necessary to transform the virtual capacitance compensation branch circuit through equivalent transformation so as to make the circuits in fig. 2 and fig. 3 consistent, that is, to convert the control block diagram shown in fig. 3 into the control block diagram shown in fig. 4. Specifically, the transfer function G of the dummy branch (the transformed dummy capacitance compensation branch) in fig. 4 may be calculated firstC(s) as shown in formula (6),
to implement the equivalent transformation from fig. 3 to fig. 4, it is only necessary to modify the transfer function of the PI controller in the control link of the DC/DC converter to become the original transfer function of the PI controller plus the transfer function of the series compensation branch, so as to obtain the improved built-in transfer function, i.e. the function shown in equation (1).
In another aspect, the present invention also provides a DC/DC converter, which may include an inverter 01, a transformer T, a rectifier 02, a PI controller 03, and a comparator 04, as shown in fig. 5.
One end of the inverter 01 may be used to receive an input voltage to be converted. One end of the transformer T may be connected to the other end of the inverter 01. One end of the rectifier 02 may be connected with the other end of the transformer T. The other end of the rectifier 02 may be used to output the output voltage of the DC/DC converter. One end of the PI controller 03 may be connected to the other end of the rectifier 02. One end of the comparator 04 may be connected to the other end of the PI controller 03. The other end of the comparator 04 may be connected to the control terminal of the inverter 01. In addition, the built-in transfer function of the PI controller 03 may be formula (1).
In this embodiment, the structure of the inverter 01 may be in various forms known to those skilled in the art. In a preferred example of the present invention, the inverter 01May comprise a first controllable switch S1A second controllable switch S2And a third controllable switch S3And a fourth controllable switch S4。
Wherein the first controllable switch S1May be connected to a first terminal of the control terminal of the inverter 01, a first controllable switch S1May be used for receiving the positive pole of the input voltage, a first controllable switch S1May also be connected to one end of the transformer T.
Second controllable switch S2May be connected to a second terminal of the control terminal of the inverter 01, a second controllable switch S2Can be connected to the first controllable switch S1Is connected to the other end of the first controllable switch S2The other end of the first switch is used for being connected with the negative pole of the input voltage.
Third controllable switch S3Can be connected with the second end of the control end of the inverter 01, a third controllable switch S3And a first controllable switch S1Is connected at one end.
Fourth controllable switch S4May be connected to a first terminal of the control terminal of the inverter 01, a fourth controllable switch S4And a third controllable switch S3Is connected to the other end of the fourth controllable switch S4And the other end of the first switch is used for connecting with the negative pole of the input voltage.
Correspondingly, the first terminal of the transformer T may be connected to S of the first controllable switch1The other end is connected, the second end of the transformer T can be connected with a third controllable switch S3The other end of the connecting rod is connected.
In this embodiment, the structure of the rectifier 02 may be in various forms known to those skilled in the art. In a preferred example of the present invention, the rectifier 02 may include a first diode D1A second diode D2A third diode D3A fourth diode D4And an output capacitor Cout。
Wherein a first diode D1Can be connected to a third terminal of the transformer T, a first diode D1Can be used for the transmissionAnd the positive pole of the output voltage of the DC/DC converter. Second diode D2May be connected with the first diode D1Is connected to the anode of a second diode D2May be connected to the negative pole for outputting the output voltage of the DC/DC converter. Third diode D3May be connected to the fourth terminal of the transformer T, a third diode D3And the first diode D1Is connected to the negative electrode of (1). Fourth diode D4Anode and second diode D2Is connected to the positive pole of a fourth diode D4And a third diode D3Is connected to the positive electrode. Output capacitor CoutAnd a fourth diode D4Is connected with the positive pole of the output capacitor CoutAnd the other end of the first diode D and a third diode D3Is connected to the negative electrode of (1).
Through the technical scheme, the PI controller and the DC/DC converter provided by the invention have the advantages that a virtual capacitance compensation link is added in a control loop of the PI controller, and on the basis of the virtual capacitance compensation link, an improved transfer function is adopted as a built-in transfer function of the PI controller, so that the situation that a circuit cannot work due to the fact that a resonant loop does not exist in capacitance and leakage inductance when a compensation capacitor is added in the central DC/DC converter in the prior art is avoided; on the other hand, compared with the prior art, the PI controller and the DC/DC converter provided by the invention have the improvement points that the improved transfer function is adopted, so that series capacitance does not need to be added in front of a transformer in the DC/DC converter, the compatibility effect of the DC/DC converter is improved, the design cost of a circuit is reduced, and the design volume of the circuit is reduced.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention within the technical idea of the embodiments of the present invention, and the simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the embodiments of the present invention.
It should be noted that the various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the scope of the invention. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the embodiments of the present invention will not be described separately for the various possible combinations.
Those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the steps in the method for implementing the above embodiments may be implemented by a program instructing related hardware, where the program is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to enable a single chip, a chip, or a processor (processor) to execute all or part of the steps in the method according to the embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
In addition, various different embodiments of the present invention may be arbitrarily combined with each other, and the embodiments of the present invention should be considered as disclosed in the disclosure of the embodiments of the present invention as long as the embodiments do not depart from the spirit of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A DC/DC converter, characterized in that the DC/DC converter comprises:
the inverter, one end of the said inverter is used for receiving the input voltage to be converted;
one end of the transformer is connected with the other end of the inverter;
one end of the rectifier is connected with the other end of the transformer, and the other end of the rectifier is used for outputting the output voltage of the DC/DC converter;
one end of the PI controller is connected with the other end of the rectifier; and
one end of the comparator is connected with the other end of the PI controller, and the other end of the comparator is connected with the control end of the inverter;
the inverter includes:
a control end of the first controllable switch is connected with a first end of the control end of the inverter, one end of the first controllable switch is used for receiving the positive pole of the input voltage, and the other end of the first controllable switch is connected with a first end of the transformer;
a control end of the second controllable switch is connected with a second end of the control end of the inverter, one end of the second controllable switch is connected with the other end of the first controllable switch, and the other end of the second controllable switch is used for being connected with a negative electrode of the input voltage;
a third controllable switch, a control terminal of the third controllable switch being connected to the second terminal of the control terminal of the inverter, and one terminal of the third controllable switch being connected to one terminal of the first controllable switch;
a control end of the fourth controllable switch is connected with the first end of the control end of the inverter, one end of the fourth controllable switch is connected with the other end of the third controllable switch, and the other end of the fourth controllable switch is used for being connected with the negative electrode of the input voltage;
the first end of the transformer is connected with the other end of the first controllable switch, and the second end of the transformer is connected with the other end of the third controllable switch;
the built-in transfer function of the PI controller is a formula (1),
wherein, GPI+C(s) is the built-in transfer function, GPI(s) is the transfer function without the addition of a virtual capacitance compensation branch, Gid(s) is a transfer function of the drive signal d to the output voltage of the inverter in the DC/DC converter corresponding to the PI controller, Gud(s) is a transfer function of a drive signal d to an output current of an inverter in the DC/DC converter, s is a laplacian, and C is a virtual series capacitance of the DC/DC converter.
2. The DC/DC converter according to claim 1, wherein the rectifier comprises:
a first diode, an anode of which is connected to the third terminal of the transformer, and a cathode of which is used for outputting an anode of the output voltage of the DC/DC converter;
a second diode having a cathode connected to an anode of the first diode, and an anode connected to a cathode for outputting an output voltage of the DC/DC converter;
the anode of the third diode is connected with the fourth end of the transformer, and the cathode of the third diode is connected with the cathode of the first diode;
the anode of the fourth diode is connected with the anode of the second diode, and the cathode of the fourth diode is connected with the anode of the third diode;
and one end of the output capacitor is connected with the anode of the fourth diode, and the other end of the output capacitor is connected with the cathode of the third diode.
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| CN108365740A (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2018-08-03 | 华北电力大学（保定） | A kind of sharing control system of voltage-type resonance inverter parallel connection |
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