CN112345853B - Evaluation method for improvement degree of voltage sag characteristics of bus of transformer substation by fault current limiter - Google Patents
Evaluation method for improvement degree of voltage sag characteristics of bus of transformer substation by fault current limiter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an evaluation method of the improvement degree of the voltage sag characteristic of a bus of a transformer substation by a fault current limiter, which takes the voltage of a high-voltage side bus of a power transmission network as an evaluation object to evaluate the influence of the voltage sag on a carried sensitive load, realizes the evaluation of the influence of the fault current limiter on the improvement degree of the voltage sag condition under different line faults and sets different sensitive load voltage thresholds, and has a certain guiding significance for the establishment of an installation and operation scheme of the fault current limiter. In addition, the method widens the sag source of the sensitive load to the power transmission network by taking the high-voltage side bus voltage of the power transmission network as an evaluation object, and combines the voltage sag evaluation method based on the line piecewise analysis method with the reliability evaluation index of the power transmission network.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an evaluation method, in particular to an evaluation method for improving degree of a fault current limiter on voltage sag characteristics of a bus of a transformer substation.
Background
In electrical power systems, voltage Sag (Voltage Sag) occurs at a much higher frequency than other power quality problems. It is counted that the voltage sag causes customer complaints accounting for 80% of the overall power quality problem. This is related to the characteristics of the voltage sag itself: (1) Remote faults may also cause voltage dips at sensitive load points; (2) Parallel feeder faults of the same bus can cause adjacent feeder voltage sags. Voltage sags are mainly responsible for sensitive loads. Although the transmission network is not directly loaded, the influence range is wider after the transmission network fails, the voltage of a station bus near a short circuit position can be greatly reduced, and the voltage reduced can be finally transmitted into a low-voltage side distribution network of the transformer substation through a main transformer of the transformer substation, so that the influence on sensitive loads is finally generated. Thus, the source of the sag of the sensitive load can be divided into two parts, the transmission network and the distribution network.
The voltage sag caused by the short circuit fault is the most serious, and particularly when the power transmission system is short-circuited, a large range of voltage sag can be generated, and the dropping amplitude is large. The fault current limiter is arranged in the power grid, and can limit the short-circuit current level of the system, so that voltage sag caused by short-circuit faults is also restrained to a certain extent. As a device that operates in response to a short-circuit fault, evaluating the application thereof is of great importance for the extent of improvement of the bus voltage sag characteristics of a substation.
In order to evaluate the improvement degree of the fault current limiter application to the system voltage sag, the traditional method is mostly verified by adopting time domain simulation or random simulation experiments, a simulation model of the whole system network is required to be built, one-by-one simulation analysis is respectively carried out on faults of different fault types and different positions, and the complex large-scale network has no good operability.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for evaluating improvement degree of voltage sag characteristics of a bus of a transformer substation by using a fault current limiter. According to the method, the bus voltage of the transformer substation is taken as an evaluation object, and the amplitude and the frequency of the bus voltage sag of the transformer substation caused by the short circuit fault of the power transmission line and the influence on the sensitive load of the bus voltage sag of the transformer substation after the bus voltage sag of the transformer substation is conducted to a user side are evaluated; by comparing the technical index change condition of the bus voltage sag characteristics of the transformer substation before and after the fault current limiter is put into and when the fault current limiter is installed at different positions, the improvement degree of the fault current limiter on the bus voltage sag characteristics of the transformer substation is quantitatively analyzed.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the method for evaluating the improvement degree of the voltage sag characteristics of the bus of the transformer substation by using the fault current limiter is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, selecting a concerned transformer substation, establishing a simplified equivalent model of a peripheral network of the transformer substation, and collecting original record data of a short circuit fault;
s2, selecting a power transmission line to be analyzed, and estimating the fault probability of the power transmission line for generating a three-phase short circuit/single-phase grounding short circuit according to historical short circuit fault statistical data of the line;
s3, scanning and calculating the bus voltage sag amplitude value of the concerned transformer substation after three-phase/single-phase short-circuit faults occur at different positions of the power transmission line: in order to reduce the calculated amount, five positions are selected from the power transmission line according to an equidistant principle to respectively calculate three-phase/single-phase short-circuit currents, so that a corresponding voltage sag interval is approximately estimated, namely, the maximum value and the minimum value of the voltage sag expected value of the bus voltage concerned after the power transmission line has three-phase/single-phase short-circuit faults;
s4, judging whether the calculation of the short-circuit current has traversed all the power transmission lines, if so, entering S5, otherwise, returning to S2;
s5, calculating and obtaining bus voltage sag characteristics of the concerned transformer substation, namely: calculating the voltage sag probability of a bus of the transformer substation caused by the short circuit fault of the power transmission line under different voltage sag thresholds;
s6, judging whether all feasible installation positions of the fault current limiter are traversed, and if so, entering S7; otherwise, adding a fault current limiter to a certain feasible installation position to be analyzed of the selected network, and calculating bus voltage sag characteristics of the concerned transformer substation after the fault current limiter is connected, namely returning to S2;
and S7, comparing and evaluating voltage sag characteristics of the bus of the concerned transformer substation before and after the fault current limiter is added.
In the above method for evaluating the improvement degree of the fault current limiter on the bus voltage sag characteristic of the transformer substation, considering the cheapness of data acquisition, the short-circuit fault probability of the power transmission line in S2 can also be estimated according to the average fault probability of the same voltage class type power transmission line in the power grid in unit length, namely: three-phase/single-phase short-circuit fault probability of the transmission line = average three-phase/single-phase short-circuit fault probability per unit length of the voltage class transmission line x transmission line length;
the above method for evaluating the improvement degree of the fault current limiter on the voltage sag characteristic of the bus of the transformer substation, S5 specifically includes the steps of:
s51, calculating the voltage sag probability of a bus of the transformer substation caused by the three-phase short-circuit fault of the jth power transmission line according to the following formula:
in U thre Is a voltage sag threshold; p (P) 3dj The probability of voltage sag of a bus of the transformer substation caused by three-phase short circuit fault of the j-th transmission line; p (P) 3j Probability of three-phase short circuit fault of the j-th transmission line; u (U) maxj 、U minj After the j-th transmission line has three-phase short circuit fault, paying attention to the maximum value and the minimum value of the expected voltage sag value of the bus of the transformer substation;
s52, calculating the voltage sag probability of a transformer substation bus caused by the single-phase ground fault of the jth power transmission line according to the following formula:
in U thre Is a voltage sag threshold; p (P) ddj The probability of voltage sag of a bus of the transformer substation caused by single-phase earth fault of the j-th transmission line; p (P) dj Probability of single-phase earth fault of the j-th transmission line; u (U) maxj 、U minj After a single-phase short circuit fault occurs to the j-th power transmission line, paying attention to the maximum value and the minimum value of the expected voltage sag value of the bus of the transformer substation; u's' thre The voltage sag threshold is corrected according to the transmission characteristic of the D/yn11 transformer to the single-phase voltage sag.
According to the evaluation method for the improvement degree of the voltage sag characteristics of the bus of the transformer substation by the fault current limiter, the correction of the voltage sag threshold can be obtained by linear interpolation after table lookup 1.
Table 1 bus voltage sag amplitude tolerance value correction table for single-phase earth fault
| U thre | 1 | 0.93 | 0.87 | 0.8 | 0.73 | 0.67 |
| U' thre | 1 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
| U thre | 0.6 | 0.53 | 0.47 | 0.4 | ≤0.33 | |
| U' thre | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0 |
S53, counting the probability of bus voltage sag of the concerned transformer substation caused by short circuit faults of the power transmission line according to the following formula:
in U thre The voltage sag threshold value is the probability that the bus voltage sag of the transformer substation is concerned due to the short circuit fault of the power transmission line.
The above method for evaluating the improvement degree of the fault current limiter on the voltage sag characteristic of the bus of the transformer substation, S7 specifically includes the steps of:
s71, directly comparing and analyzing the bus voltage sag amplitude and frequency index of the concerned transformer substation after the fault current limiter is added with the value before the fault current limiter is not added;
s72, comparing and analyzing the influence degree of different voltage thresholds on the bus voltage sag of the concerned transformer substation, wherein the fault current limiter is arranged on different lines and sensitive loads, so that the optimal installation position and the optimal input strategy of the fault current limiter are obtained;
the invention creatively provides a method for evaluating the improvement degree of a fault current limiter on the voltage sag characteristic of a bus of a transformer substation, which has the following advantages: 1) The bus voltage of the transformer substation is used as an evaluation object, so that the complexity and the calculated amount of the evaluation process are greatly reduced; 2) When the influence of the bus voltage sag of the transformer substation on the sensitive load is evaluated, the transmission difference of the transformer on the voltage sag with different properties is considered, so that the evaluation result is more accurate; 3) When different installation positions of the fault current limiter and different voltage thresholds are set by sensitive loads, quantitative evaluation of voltage sag characteristics of the bus of the transformer substation is concerned, and theoretical basis is provided for installation position optimization and operation scheme formulation of the fault current limiter.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described below through examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Examples:
the following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that some, but not all embodiments of the invention are described. All other examples, which a person of ordinary skill in the art would obtain without undue burden based on the examples of the invention, are within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a method for evaluating improvement degree of a fault current limiter on voltage sag characteristics of a bus of a transformer substation. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a concerned transformer substation, establishing a simplified equivalent model of a peripheral network of the transformer substation, and collecting original record data of a short circuit fault;
s2, selecting a power transmission line to be analyzed, estimating the short-circuit fault probability of the power transmission line, and considering the convenience of data acquisition, wherein the average fault probability is referred to herein; taking 500kV lines of the power grid in China as an example, the forced outage rate caused by self faults is 0.171 times/(100 km-year), so that the probability of single-phase earth faults of the 500kV lines of the power grid in China is estimated to be 0.142 times/(100 km-year), and the probability of other types of short circuit faults is estimated to be 0.029 times/(100 km-year). Thus, the probability of occurrence of a single-phase earth short-circuit fault in a 500kV transmission line with a length of 1km is 0.00142l times/year, and the probability of occurrence of a three-phase short-circuit fault is 0.00029l times/year. And (3) injection: in the calculation, in order to simplify the subsequent analysis process, the fault probabilities of other types of short-circuit faults are all counted as the probabilities of three-phase short-circuit faults, namely, other short-circuit faults are analyzed according to the three-phase short-circuit faults with the worst consequences except for the single-phase grounding short-circuit faults.
S3, scanning calculation is conducted on bus voltage sag amplitude values of a transformer substation after three-phase/single-phase short-circuit faults occur at different positions of the power transmission lines, five points are equidistant for each power transmission line to conduct short-circuit current calculation for simplifying calculation, and accordingly corresponding voltage sag intervals are approximately estimated, namely the maximum value and the minimum value of expected voltage sag values of bus voltage of the transformer substation after the three-phase/single-phase short-circuit faults occur in the power transmission lines.
S4, judging whether the short circuit current calculation traverses all the power transmission lines, if so, entering S5, otherwise, returning to S2;
s5, counting to obtain bus voltage sag characteristics of the concerned transformer substation, namely: calculating the voltage sag probability of a bus of the transformer substation caused by the short circuit fault of the power transmission line under different voltage sag thresholds; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s51, calculating the voltage sag probability of the bus of the transformer substation caused by the three-phase short circuit fault of the j-th transmission line. The linear distribution is adopted to approximate the change trend of the bus voltage amplitude along with the position after the short circuit of the power transmission line, namely the change trend is calculated according to the following formula:
in U thre As a voltage sag threshold, this value may be set according to the actual endurance of the sensitive load; p (P) 3dj The probability of voltage sag of a bus of the transformer substation caused by three-phase short circuit fault of the j-th transmission line; p (P) 3j Probability of three-phase short circuit fault of the j-th transmission line; u (U) maxj 、U minj After the j-th transmission line has three-phase short circuit fault, paying attention to the maximum value and the minimum value of the expected voltage sag value of the bus of the transformer substation;
table 2 shows the results of the calculation of the failure probability at the time of the three-phase short-circuit failure of the partial line of the example and the maximum and minimum values of the expected voltage sag amplitude.
Table 2 expected dip value and probability of failure for bus voltage at station of interest after three-phase short circuit failure of system
S52, calculating the voltage sag probability of the transformer substation bus caused by the single-phase ground fault of the jth power transmission line according to the following formula.
In U thre Is a voltage sag threshold; p (P) ddj The probability of voltage sag of a bus of the transformer substation caused by single-phase earth fault of the j-th transmission line; p (P) dj Probability of single-phase earth fault of the j-th transmission line; u (U) maxj 、U minj After a single-phase short circuit fault occurs to the j-th power transmission line, paying attention to the maximum value and the minimum value of the expected voltage sag value of the bus of the transformer substation; u's' thre The voltage sag threshold is corrected according to the transmission characteristic of the D/yn11 transformer to the single-phase voltage sag.
At this time, the voltage sag threshold needs to be corrected. Taking the voltage sag threshold value of the sensitive load of 0.87p.u. as an example, considering the operation mode of a neutral point direct grounding system of a D/yn11 connection of a transformer, a look-up table 1 shows that the voltage sag threshold value of a bus of a single-phase grounding fault time-varying power station can be reduced to 0.8p.u.
Table 3 shows the calculation results of the failure probability at the time of the single-phase short circuit failure of the partial line of the example and the maximum and minimum values of the expected voltage dip amplitude.
Table 3 expected dip value and probability of failure of Guangnan station bus voltage after single-phase short-circuit failure of system
S53, counting the probability of bus voltage sag of the concerned transformer substation caused by short circuit faults of the power transmission line according to the following formula:
in U thre The voltage sag threshold value is the probability that the bus voltage sag of the transformer substation is concerned due to the short circuit fault of the power transmission line.
S6, judging whether all feasible installation positions of the fault current limiter are traversed, and if so, entering S7; otherwise, adding a fault current limiter to a certain feasible installation position to be analyzed of the selected network, and calculating bus voltage sag characteristics of the concerned transformer substation after the fault current limiter is connected, namely returning to S2;
table 4 shows the voltage sag characteristics of the bus bar of interest with or without current limiter when different voltage sensitivity thresholds are used.
TABLE 4 attention to sag characteristics of bus voltages
And S7, comparing and evaluating voltage sag characteristics of the bus of the concerned transformer substation before and after the fault current limiter is added. The method comprises the following specific steps:
s71, directly comparing and analyzing the amplitude value after voltage sag and the voltage sag frequency index after the fault current limiter is added with the situation before the fault current limiter is not added;
s72, after the fault current limiter is put into use, different circuits are installed, different sensitive load voltage thresholds are set, and the degree of influence of the voltage threshold on voltage sag is compared and analyzed, so that the sensitive load voltage threshold with the optimal input strategy and the greatest improvement degree of the fault current limiter is obtained;
from the statistical analysis results of table 4, it can be seen that:
1. the fault current limiter can improve the voltage transient amplitude and the transient frequency according to comparison before and after the current limiter is put into the circuit. The voltage sag tolerance threshold of the sensitive load is the voltage sag tolerance threshold which is just at the middle value, and the sag probability lifting effect is most obvious.
2. After the fault current limiter is put into the circuit, the bus voltage sag condition of the attention station is bad, if the moment of putting into the fault current limiter can be effectively controlled, the fault current limiter can not be put into the circuit after the short circuit fault occurs, and the optimal input strategy for improving the bus voltage sag condition of the attention station is called. From the calculation result, the current limiter adopts the optimal input strategy, and then the improvement effect on the voltage sag probability is optimal.
The specific embodiments described herein are offered by way of example only to illustrate the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or substitutions thereof without departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (1)
1. The method for evaluating the improvement degree of the voltage sag characteristics of the bus of the transformer substation by using the fault current limiter is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, selecting a concerned transformer substation, establishing a simplified equivalent model of a peripheral network of the transformer substation, and collecting original record data of a short circuit fault;
s2, selecting a power transmission line to be analyzed, and estimating the fault probability of the power transmission line for generating a three-phase short circuit/single-phase grounding short circuit according to historical short circuit fault statistical data of the line;
s3, scanning and calculating the voltage sag amplitude of the bus of the concerned transformer substation after the three-phase/single-phase short circuit fault occurs at different positions of the power transmission line, and selecting five positions from the power transmission line according to an equidistant principle to respectively calculate three-phase/single-phase short circuit current so as to approximately estimate a corresponding voltage sag interval, namely the maximum value and the minimum value of the voltage sag expected value of the bus voltage after the short circuit fault occurs in the power transmission line;
s4, judging whether the short circuit current calculation traverses all the power transmission lines, if so, entering S5, otherwise, returning to S2;
s5, calculating and obtaining bus voltage sag characteristics of the concerned transformer substation, namely: calculating the voltage sag probability of a bus of the transformer substation caused by the short circuit fault of the power transmission line under different voltage sag thresholds;
s6, judging whether all feasible installation positions of the fault current limiter are traversed, and if so, entering S7; otherwise, adding a fault current limiter to a certain feasible installation position to be analyzed of the selected network, and calculating bus voltage sag characteristics of the concerned transformer substation after the fault current limiter is connected, namely returning to S2;
s7, comparing and evaluating voltage sag characteristics of the bus of the concerned transformer substation before and after the fault current limiter is added;
considering the cheapness of data acquisition, the short-circuit fault probability of the power transmission line in S2 is estimated according to the average fault probability of unit length of the power transmission lines with the same voltage class in the power grid, namely: three-phase/single-phase short-circuit fault probability of the transmission line = average three-phase/single-phase short-circuit fault probability per unit length of the voltage class transmission line x transmission line length;
s5 specifically comprises the following steps:
s51, calculating the voltage sag probability of a bus of the transformer substation caused by the three-phase short-circuit fault of the jth power transmission line according to the following formula:
in U thre Is a voltage sag threshold; p (P) 3dj The probability of voltage sag of a bus of the transformer substation caused by three-phase short circuit fault of the j-th transmission line; p (P) 3j Probability of three-phase short circuit fault of the j-th transmission line; u (U) maxj 、U minj After the j-th transmission line has three-phase short circuit fault, paying attention to the maximum value and the minimum value of the expected voltage sag value of the bus of the transformer substation;
s52, calculating the voltage sag probability of a transformer substation bus caused by the single-phase ground fault of the jth power transmission line according to the following formula:
in U thre Is a voltage sag threshold; p (P) ddj The probability of voltage sag of a bus of the transformer substation caused by single-phase earth fault of the j-th transmission line; p (P) dj Probability of single-phase earth fault of the j-th transmission line; u (U) maxj 、U minj After a single-phase short circuit fault occurs to the j-th power transmission line, paying attention to the maximum value and the minimum value of the expected voltage sag value of the bus of the transformer substation; u's' thre The voltage sag threshold value is corrected according to the transmission characteristic of the D/yn11 transformer to the single-phase voltage sag;
s53, counting the probability of bus voltage sag of the concerned transformer substation caused by short circuit faults of the power transmission line according to the following formula:
in U thre The voltage sag threshold value is set, and P is the probability of paying attention to the voltage sag of a bus of the transformer substation due to short circuit faults of the power transmission line;
the specific steps of S7 include:
s71, directly comparing and analyzing the amplitude value after voltage sag and the voltage sag frequency index after the fault current limiter is added with the situation before the fault current limiter is not added;
s72, after the fault current limiter is put into use, different circuits are installed, different sensitive load voltage thresholds are set, and the degree of influence of the voltage sag is compared and analyzed, so that the sensitive load voltage threshold with the maximum optimal input strategy and improvement degree of the fault current limiter is obtained.
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