CN112117517B - Flexible zinc-air battery for electric passenger boarding ladder and preparation method - Google Patents

Flexible zinc-air battery for electric passenger boarding ladder and preparation method Download PDF

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CN112117517B
CN112117517B CN202010906213.6A CN202010906213A CN112117517B CN 112117517 B CN112117517 B CN 112117517B CN 202010906213 A CN202010906213 A CN 202010906213A CN 112117517 B CN112117517 B CN 112117517B
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biochar
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binder
zinc
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CN112117517A (en
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王同学
张少君
鞠传军
郭跃华
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Weihai Guangtai Airport Equipment Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
    • H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/9041—Metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/9075—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/96—Carbon-based electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
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Abstract

The invention discloses a flexible zinc-air battery based on a modified charcoal electrode for an electric passenger boarding ladder and a preparation method thereof. The flexible zinc-air battery has good air permeability, conductivity, high power density and stability, and is low in price.

Description

Flexible zinc-air battery for electric passenger boarding ladder and preparation method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrochemistry, in particular to a flexible zinc-air battery for an electric passenger boarding ladder and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of sustainable economy, the quality of human life has improved greatly, and with the rapid development of the field of flexible electronic devices, there is a corresponding need for portable, bendable, and ultra-thin electronic devices. The zinc-air battery is a novel and clean chemical power supply, and is a metal-air battery taking metal zinc as a cathode and oxygen as an anode active material. The zinc-air battery has the advantages of high energy density, large storage capacity, stable discharge performance, low price, high safety degree and the like, the air source of the positive active material is unlimited, the negative zinc belongs to common metal, and the product after reaction can be recycled, so that the zinc-air battery is a new energy source with development and application prospects, and is called a green energy source facing the 21 st century. However, the zinc-air battery has the biggest problem: the cathode Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR), the kinetic process of which is slow in the absence of a catalyst, includes adsorption of oxygen, transfer of electrons and protons, formation of intermediates, cleavage of oxygen-oxygen bonds, and the like. More importantly, ORR is a complex multi-electron reaction process and is a major factor in determining the operating efficiency of the battery. However, the catalyst has the disadvantages of high price, poor stability, easy inactivation and easy poisoning. In the process of preparing the zinc-air battery, factors such as preparation cost, universality of a preparation method, complexity of experimental steps and the like need to be considered. In addition, the zinc-air battery is a semi-open structure, and the electrode material with flexible performance is a key component in the flexible zinc-air battery, and is also a great challenge. The flexible zinc-air battery electrode has excellent mechanical strain stress, good air permeability, good conductivity and stable structure. At present, the flexible zinc-air battery is researched to be more of a sandwich structure. Biomass is also receiving increasing attention as an air electrode due to its excellent conductivity and air permeability, and its abundant resources, low price, and diverse composition and structure.
The electric passenger boarding ladder is mainly used for receiving and delivering passengers to get on and off airplanes, is self-propelled airport ground special equipment taking pure electric energy as power, and is suitable for all airplanes with cabin doors within the height range of 2400-5800 mm. 201110156295.8 discloses an electrically driven passenger boarding ladder, which is a work auxiliary system device powered by lead-acid battery through DC/DC converter, but the service life of lead-acid battery is short, only 500-900 times. CN110931803A discloses a ZIF-67 zeolite imidazolate framework-based composite catalyst and a preparation method thereof, a zinc-air battery anode and a zinc-air battery, wherein a ZIF-67 zeolite imidazolate framework-based composite electrocatalyst is prepared by carrying out vulcanization or/and phosphorization on a carbonized ZIF-67 zeolite imidazolate framework in an inert atmosphere, and the preparation process is complex and the cost is high. CN111129522A discloses preparation and application of a nickel-iron alloy/nitrogen-doped carbon fiber as an oxygen electrocatalyst of a zinc-air battery, wherein a wood material is firstly subjected to in-situ separation and converted into a cellulose fiber to realize adsorption of a nickel-iron precursor, and finally, carbonization treatment is carried out to obtain a target product; CN109802150A discloses a non-noble metal bifunctional oxygen electrode catalyst, a preparation method thereof, a zinc-air battery anode and zinc-airBattery using catalyst FeCo8S8@ rGo is nano FeCo8S8The catalyst has a synergistic effect with a product of reduced graphene oxide, and the intrinsic catalytic activity of the catalyst is improved by regulating and controlling the electronic structure of the metal, so that the overall conductivity and stability of the catalyst are improved. The prior art mainly improves the performance of the battery by preparing the high-efficiency catalyst, but the preparation method is complex, the dosage of the catalyst is limited by the preparation method, the preparation cost is increased, and the method is not suitable for the industrial equipment production of the airport airstairs.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a flexible zinc-air battery based on a modified charcoal electrode and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a modified biochar electrode for a flexible zinc-air battery comprises the following steps:
(1) performing MnO after copper plating on the surface of the charcoal precursor2Performing in-situ deposition to obtain manganese dioxide modified biochar;
(2) mixing manganese dioxide modified biochar with a binder, and coating the mixture on the surface of a substrate material, wherein the loading capacity of the mixture is 2.0-20mg cm-2Wherein the mass ratio of the binder to the manganese dioxide modified biochar is 1-2: 1-5;
(3) and rolling and forming to obtain the modified charcoal electrode.
Further, the preparation method of the biochar precursor comprises the following steps: carbonizing biomass to obtain biochar, immersing the biochar in acetone and absolute ethyl alcohol in sequence, putting the biochar into deionized water for ultrasonic treatment, drying, placing the dried biochar in a water bath for heating at constant temperature, then washing with deionized water to reach the pH value of 6, and drying to obtain a biochar precursor.
Further, the surface copper plating of the charcoal precursor is specifically carried out by adopting an electrodeposition method, and the electrodeposition method specifically comprises the following steps: using galvanic cell principle with CuSO4The solution is used as electrolyte solution, the copper sheet is connected with the anode, and then the electrolyte solution is used as electrolyte solutionThe charcoal is connected with the negative electrode, and the charcoal precursor is electroplated under direct current voltage.
Further, MnO2The in-situ deposition step specifically comprises: putting the copper-plated charcoal precursor into acidic KMnO4MnO in solution2In-situ deposition is carried out, the reaction time is 4-8 h, and the reaction temperature is 65 ℃.
Further, the step of coating the mixture on the surface of the substrate material after mixing the manganese dioxide modified biochar with the binder specifically comprises the following steps: and mixing the manganese dioxide modified biochar with a binder, uniformly coating the mixture on the surface of the substrate material, spraying ethanol, uniformly coating the mixture of the manganese dioxide modified biochar and the binder again, drying, and cooling to room temperature.
Further, the biochar comprises peanut shells and/or straws, the binder is PTFE emulsion, and the content of the binder is 40% -60%.
A flexible zinc-air battery based on a modified charcoal electrode comprises a zinc electrode, the modified charcoal electrode and electrolyte, wherein the zinc electrode is used as a negative electrode, the modified charcoal electrode is used as a positive electrode, the electrolyte is arranged between the zinc electrode and the modified charcoal electrode, and the modified charcoal electrode is prepared by adopting the preparation method.
Further, the electrolyte is potassium hydroxide-polyvinyl alcohol gel electrolyte; the thickness of the zinc electrode is 0.05cm-0.5cm, and the thickness of the modified charcoal electrode is 1cm-2 cm.
Further, the modified biochar electrode also comprises a binder, wherein the mixture of the binder and the modified biochar is coated on the surface of the substrate material, and the loading capacity of the modified biochar electrode is 2.0-20 mg-cm-2Wherein the mass ratio of the binder to the modified biochar is 1-2: 1-5.
Further, the base material comprises foamed nickel, and the flexible zinc-air battery is used for the electric passenger boarding ladder.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that:
(1) the modified biochar is bonded to the substrate material foamed nickel with strong mechanical flexibility, so that the method is an effective way for realizing the flexibility of the electrode;
(2) by adopting the KOH-PVA gel electrolyte, the invention not only can play a role in supporting and isolating the positive electrode and the negative electrode by a flexible structure, but also has the ionic conductivity of liquid and the stability of solid;
(3) the prepared modified biochar electrode has good air permeability and conductivity, wide material source and low price, and has important significance for researching the air electrode in the zinc-air battery;
(4) the manganese dioxide is used for modifying the biochar without adding a catalytic layer, and the power density of the battery can be improved;
(5) the biochar is prepared from peanut shells or straws with large specific surface area and rich pore structures, and a large number of pores can expose more active sites of the catalyst and facilitate the transfer of oxygen in the catalyst layer;
(6) the preparation method is simple and low in preparation cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a zinc-air battery prepared by the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the zinc-air battery prepared by the invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the preparation of the modified charcoal electrode.
Fig. 4 is an SEM image of the modified charcoal electrode.
Fig. 5 is a discharge polarization test curve diagram of the flexible zinc-air battery of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a constant current discharge test graph of the flexible zinc-air battery.
Fig. 7 is an assembled battery pack.
Fig. 8 is a pure electric passenger boarding ladder.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
The meaning of "and/or" in the present invention means that the respective single or both of them exist individually or in combination.
As shown in fig. 1, a "sandwich" flexible zinc-air battery based on a modified charcoal electrode comprises a zinc electrode, a modified charcoal electrode and an electrolyte, wherein the zinc electrode is used as a negative electrode, the modified charcoal electrode is used as a positive electrode, i.e. as an air electrode, and the electrolyte is arranged between the zinc electrode and the modified charcoal electrode, wherein the electrolyte is a KOH-PVA (potassium hydroxide-polyvinyl alcohol) gel electrolyte, the thickness of the zinc electrode is preferably 0.05cm-0.5cm, and the thickness of the modified charcoal electrode is preferably 1cm-2 cm. The modified biochar is specifically formed by bonding manganese dioxide modified biochar to a gas diffusion electrode framework through a binder and rolling.
The modified biochar electrode also comprises a binder, wherein the mixture of the binder and the modified biochar is coated on the surface of a substrate material, and the loading capacity of the modified biochar electrode is 2.0-20 mg-cm-2Wherein the mass ratio of the binder to the modified biochar is 1-2: 1-5. Wherein, the base material is preferably foamed nickel. The flexible zinc-air battery is used for the electric passenger boarding ladder.
As shown in fig. 3, a preparation method of a modified biochar electrode for a flexible zinc-air battery comprises the following steps:
(1) performing MnO after copper plating on the surface of the charcoal precursor2Performing in-situ deposition to obtain manganese dioxide modified biochar;
(2) mixing manganese dioxide modified biochar with a binder, and coating the mixture on the surface of a substrate material, wherein the loading capacity of the mixture is 2.0-20mg cm-2Wherein the mass ratio of the binder to the manganese dioxide modified biochar is 1-2: 1-5;
(3) and rolling and forming to obtain the modified charcoal electrode.
Further, the preparation method of the biochar precursor comprises the following steps: carbonizing biomass to obtain biochar, immersing the biochar in acetone and absolute ethyl alcohol in sequence, putting the biochar into deionized water for ultrasonic treatment, drying, placing the dried biochar in a water bath for heating at constant temperature, then washing with deionized water to reach the pH value of 6, and drying to obtain a biochar precursor.
Further, the surface copper plating of the charcoal precursor is specifically carried out by adopting an electrodeposition method, and the electrodeposition method specifically comprises the following steps: using galvanic cell principle with CuSO4The solution is used as electrolyte solution, the copper sheet is connected with the anode, the biochar is connected with the cathode, and the biochar precursor is electroplated under direct current voltage.
Further, MnO2The in-situ deposition step specifically comprises: putting the copper-plated charcoal precursor into acidic KMnO4MnO in solution2In-situ deposition is carried out, the reaction time is 4-8 h, the reaction temperature is kept by using a water bath kettle and is 65 ℃.
Further, the step of coating the mixture on the surface of the substrate material after mixing the manganese dioxide modified biochar with the binder specifically comprises the following steps: and mixing the manganese dioxide modified biochar with a binder, uniformly coating the mixture on the surface of the substrate material, spraying ethanol, uniformly coating the mixture of the manganese dioxide modified biochar and the binder again, drying, and cooling to room temperature.
Further, the biochar comprises peanut shells and/or straws, the binder is PTFE emulsion, the content of the binder is 40% -60%, wherein the content of the binder refers to the solute content of the binder.
Example 1
A preparation method of a zinc-air battery based on a modified charcoal electrode comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning peanut shells, cleaning surface dirt, and cutting the peanut shells into square shapes.
(2) And (2) putting the peanut shells prepared in the step (1) into an electric heating air blast drying oven, and drying at 80 ℃.
(3) Carbonizing the dried peanut shells at 420 ℃ by using a resistance furnace.
(4) And stopping the furnace and cooling to room temperature after firing for 10min to obtain the biochar.
(5) The prepared biochar is immersed in acetone for 2 h.
(6) And (5) immersing the biochar in the absolute ethyl alcohol for 3 hours.
(7) And after soaking, putting the mixture into deionized water for ultrasonic treatment for 15 min.
(8) Drying in a 60 ℃ oven.
(9) And (3) placing the dried biochar in a water bath kettle to heat for 6 hours at constant temperature.
(10) And then washed with deionized water to pH 6.
(11) Drying in a 65 ℃ oven.
(12) Copper is electroplated on the surface of the biochar by utilizing the principle of a primary battery, the biochar is placed into deionized water for ultrasonic treatment for 15min after electroplating, and a forced air drying oven is used for drying at 80 ℃.
(13) Will contain acidic KMnO4Putting a beaker of the solution into a constant-temperature water bath kettle, and then putting the copper-plated biochar into the kettle for MnO2In-situ deposition is carried out, and the reaction time is 4 h.
(14) And taking out the biochar, washing, and naturally drying to obtain the modified biochar.
(15) Adding a certain amount of adhesive PTFE emulsion into the modified biochar, and stirring and mixing at a high speed.
(16) The coating method is adopted to uniformly coat the two sides of the foamed nickel.
(17) Spraying ethanol, and smearing.
(18) And putting the mixture into a drying oven at 100-200 ℃ for drying.
(19) And cooling to room temperature, and rolling and forming to obtain the modified charcoal electrode.
(20) The modified biochar electrode prepared in the above way is used as an air electrode to assemble a zinc-air battery, the electrolyte is KOH-PVA gel electrolyte, and the negative electrode is a zinc electrode. It should be noted that the sizes of the prepared gel electrolyte and zinc electrode and the modified biochar electrode are kept consistent, and the three-layer structure is tightly combined to the greatest extent in the assembling process, so that the normal work of the battery is ensured.
CuSO is used in the step (12)4The solution is used as electrolyte solution, electroplating is carried out under direct current voltage, the copper sheet is connected with the anode, and the biochar is connected with the cathode.
Acidic KMnO in the step (13)4The solution is prepared from concentrated sulfuric acid and potassium permanganate according to a certain proportion, and the constant temperature water bath is 65 ℃.
The step (14) is rinsed with deionized water as much as possible.
The binder PTFE emulsion in the step (15) can increase the pore structure and the specific surface area of the electrode.
The 'certain amount' in the step (15) is an uncertain amount, and the amount is properly adjusted according to the functions of the gas diffusion electrode, so that the requirements of hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity of different areas of the electrode are met.
The purpose of adding ethanol in the step (17) is to achieve better bonding of the electrode material.
The heat treatment time in the step (18) is about 30 min.
As shown in fig. 2, the electrode reaction of the battery is as follows:
air electrode: o is2+4e-+2H2O＝4OH- (1)
Zinc electrode: zn +4OH-＝[Zn(OH)4]2-+2e- (2)
[Zn(OH)4]2-＝ZnO+H2O+2OH- (3)
And (3) complete reaction: 2Zn + O2＝2ZnO (4)
Taking example 1 as an example, SEM morphology analysis was performed on the prepared modified charcoal electrode, and the result is shown in fig. 4. The modified biochar is crosslinked into a random structure, a large number of oxygen vacancies are presented, and the catalytic activity is improved. In addition, the mutual coupling of the modified biochar can also improve the stability of the structure. The discharge polarization curve test of the prepared flexible zinc-air battery is carried out by the invention, as shown in figure 5. The range of the test current density of the discharge polarization curve is 0-20 mA-cm-2The voltage change is obvious under the low current density, and the voltage change is slow under the high current density. The performance difference of the battery before and after standing can be conveniently compared in a discharge polarization curve test. The modified biochar electrode prepared by the invention shows good battery discharge performance as an air electrode of a battery, and has high energy conversion efficiency. As shown in fig. 6, the flexible zinc-air cell was subjected to a long-term constant current discharge test. The discharge time can be close to 25h, the actual discharge capacity and energy density of the battery can be obtained through calculation, and then the actual discharge capacity and energy density can be obtained through calculationNormalized according to the mass of zinc consumed and compared with the theoretical value (820mAh g)-1) And comparing, and calculating to obtain larger battery capacity. The assembled battery pack is shown in fig. 7, and the produced pure electric passenger boarding ladder is shown in fig. 8.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A preparation method of a modified charcoal electrode for a flexible zinc-air battery for an electric passenger boarding ladder is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) performing MnO after copper plating on the surface of the charcoal precursor2The manganese dioxide modified biochar is obtained by in-situ deposition, and the preparation method of the biochar precursor comprises the following steps: carbonizing biomass to obtain biochar, immersing the biochar in acetone and absolute ethyl alcohol in sequence, then putting the biochar into deionized water for ultrasonic treatment, drying, placing the dried biochar in a water bath for constant-temperature heating, then cleaning with deionized water to a pH value of 6, drying to obtain a biochar precursor, and specifically carrying out surface copper plating on the biochar precursor by adopting an electrodeposition method, wherein the electrodeposition method specifically comprises the following steps: using galvanic cell principle with CuSO4The solution is used as electrolyte solution, the copper sheet is connected with the anode, the biological carbon is connected with the cathode, the biological carbon precursor is electroplated under the direct voltage, MnO2The in-situ deposition step specifically comprises: putting the copper-plated charcoal precursor into acidic KMnO4MnO in solution2In-situ deposition is carried out, the reaction time is 4-8 h, and the reaction temperature is 65 ℃;
(2) mixing manganese dioxide modified biochar with a binder, and coating the mixture on a substrateThe loading amount of the surface is 2.0-20mg cm-2Wherein the mass ratio of the binder to the manganese dioxide modified biochar is 1-2:1-5, and the step of coating the mixture on the surface of the substrate material after mixing the manganese dioxide modified biochar with the binder specifically comprises the following steps: mixing the manganese dioxide modified biochar with a binder, uniformly coating the mixture on the surface of a substrate material, spraying ethanol, uniformly coating the mixture of the manganese dioxide modified biochar and the binder again, drying, and cooling to room temperature;
(3) and rolling and forming to obtain the modified charcoal electrode.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the biochar comprises peanut shells and/or straws, the binder is PTFE emulsion, and the content of the binder is 40-60%.
3. A flexible zinc-air battery based on a modified charcoal electrode is characterized by comprising a zinc electrode, the modified charcoal electrode and an electrolyte, wherein the zinc electrode is used as a negative electrode, the modified charcoal electrode is used as a positive electrode, the electrolyte is arranged between the zinc electrode and the modified charcoal electrode, and the modified charcoal electrode is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-2.
4. The flexible zinc-air cell of claim 3, wherein the electrolyte is a potassium hydroxide-polyvinyl alcohol gel electrolyte; the thickness of the zinc electrode is 0.05cm-0.5cm, and the thickness of the modified charcoal electrode is 1cm-2 cm.
5. The flexible zinc-air battery of claim 3, wherein the modified biochar electrode further comprises a binder, and the mixture of the binder and the modified biochar is coated on the surface of the substrate material, wherein the loading capacity of the modified biochar is 2.0-20 mg-cm-2Wherein the mass ratio of the binder to the modified biochar is 1-2: 1-5.
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