CN111597734B - Simulation model establishing method and verification method for grounding device in double-layer soil - Google Patents

Simulation model establishing method and verification method for grounding device in double-layer soil Download PDF

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CN111597734B
CN111597734B CN202010494624.9A CN202010494624A CN111597734B CN 111597734 B CN111597734 B CN 111597734B CN 202010494624 A CN202010494624 A CN 202010494624A CN 111597734 B CN111597734 B CN 111597734B
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soil
grounding body
double
grounding
layer
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CN111597734A (en
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刘宇彬
叶嘉诚
程育林
陈霖华
沈晓隶
唐凯
周迁
徐斌兵
许书宸
程俊溢
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Hunan Jingyan Electric Power Design Co ltd
Economic and Technological Research Institute of State Grid Hunan Electric Power Co Ltd
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Hunan Jingyan Electric Power Design Co ltd
Economic and Technological Research Institute of State Grid Hunan Electric Power Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a simulation model building method of a grounding device in double-layer soil, which comprises the steps of obtaining a design model and design parameters of the designed grounding device in the double-layer soil; decomposing the design model into a horizontal grounding body part and a vertical grounding body part; establishing an ATPDraw simulation model of the impact and dispersion characteristics of a horizontal grounding body in double-layer soil and an ATPDraw simulation model of the impact and dispersion characteristics of a vertical grounding body in double-layer soil; and combining the simulation models to obtain a final simulation model of the grounding device in the double-layer soil. The ATPDraw simulation model of the grounding device under the double-layer soil structure is established, and the model is corrected according to the lightning impulse dispersion characteristic of the tower grounding device under the double-layer soil structure, so that the establishment and verification of the simulation model of the grounding device in the double-layer soil are realized; the method is not only suitable for the double-layer soil structure, but also high in reliability, good in practicability and high in accuracy.

Description

Simulation model establishing method and verification method for grounding device in double-layer soil
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of lightning protection grounding, and particularly relates to a simulation model establishing method and a verification method of a grounding device in double-layer soil.
Background
With the development of economic technology and the improvement of living standard of people, electric energy becomes essential secondary energy in production and life of people, and brings endless convenience to production and life of people.
The grounding impact current dispersion characteristic of the power transmission line tower is the foundation for designing and constructing the tower grounding device. The impulse diffusion characteristic is usually obtained by modeling simulation by using software such as ATPEMP (ATPDraw), CDEGS and the like, and the impulse grounding resistance is calculated.
In the design of an actual transmission line grounding grid, the soil structure is complex, the horizontal layered soil structure is usually processed, and the resistivity of the upper and lower layers of soil, the thickness of the upper layer of soil, the form of a grounding device and the like have great influence on impact and dispersion of the grounding device. Although the existing tower grounding ATPDraw simulation model fully considers the impact spark effect and the inductance effect of the grounding body, the simulation result can accurately reflect the impact current dispersion characteristic of the grounding system. However, the prior art is only suitable for the uniform soil structure, which causes the simulation result of the prior art to be inaccurate and to have low reliability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a simulation model establishing method of a grounding device in double-layer soil, which is suitable for a double-layer soil structure, high in reliability, good in practicability and high in accuracy.
The invention also aims to provide a verification method of the simulation model establishment method comprising the double-layer soil grounding device.
The invention provides a method for establishing a simulation model of a grounding device in double-layer soil, which comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining a design model and design parameters of a designed grounding device in double-layer soil;
s2, decomposing the design model into a horizontal grounding body part and a vertical grounding body part according to the design model and the design parameters obtained in the step S1;
s3, aiming at the horizontal grounding body part obtained in the step S2, establishing an ATPDraw simulation model of impact and dispersion characteristics of the horizontal grounding body in the double-layer soil;
s4, aiming at the vertical grounding body part obtained in the step S3, establishing an ATPDraw simulation model of the vertical direct ground body impact current dispersion characteristic in the double-layer soil;
and S5, combining the simulation models obtained in the step S3 and the step S4 according to the decomposition mode of the step S2, and thus obtaining the final simulation model of the grounding device in the double-layer soil.
Step S3, establishing an ATPDraw simulation model of impact and dispersion characteristics of a horizontal grounding body in double-layer soil, specifically adopting the following steps to establish the model:
A. dividing the horizontal grounding body part into a plurality of equal parts, and setting uniform current dispersion of the grounding body in each equal part;
B. calculating the electrical parameters of each equal part of the grounding body without considering the spark effect;
C. b, establishing an ATPDraw simulation model of the horizontal grounding body part according to the electric parameters obtained in the step B, and obtaining simulation parameters without considering the spark effect;
D. c, considering the spark effect, and calculating the equivalent radius of each equal part of the grounding body according to the simulation parameters obtained in the step C when the spark effect is not considered;
E. d, recalculating the electrical parameters of each equal part of the grounding body according to the calculation result of the step D;
F. according to the electric parameters obtained in the step E, establishing an ATPDraw simulation model of the horizontal grounding body part again, and obtaining simulation parameters considering the spark effect;
G. and D, comparing the simulation parameters obtained in the step C with the simulation parameters obtained in the step F to obtain a final ATPDraw simulation model of the impact and dispersion characteristics of the horizontal grounding body in the double-layer soil.
A, dividing a horizontal grounding body part into a plurality of equal parts, and setting uniform current dispersion of the grounding body in each equal part, wherein a chain type distributed parameter circuit model is adopted by the horizontal grounding part; each equal part comprises a resistor, an inductor, a capacitor and a conductor; one end of the resistor is connected with the output end of the equal part, the other end of the resistor is connected with one end of the inductor, and the other end of the inductor is the output end of the equal part; after the electric conduction and the capacitor are connected in parallel, one end of the inductor is connected with the other end of the inductor after the electric conduction and the capacitor are connected in parallel, and the other end of the inductor is grounded after the electric conduction and the capacitor are connected in parallel.
And B, calculating the electrical parameters of each equal part of the grounding body without considering the spark effect, and obtaining the electrical parameters by multiplying the electrical parameters of the unit length of the grounding body by the length of each equal part of the grounding body, wherein the electrical parameters are calculated by adopting the following steps:
a. the resistance per unit length R of the grounding conductor is calculated by the following formula0：
Figure GDA0003222753830000031
Where rho0R is the radius of the horizontal ground body portion;
b. the conductance per unit length G was calculated by the following equation0：
Figure GDA0003222753830000032
Wherein R is the grounding resistance of the horizontal grounding body part; l is the length of the horizontal grounding body part;
Figure GDA0003222753830000041
rho is the soil resistivity of the soil layer where the horizontal grounding body part is located; l is the length of the horizontal grounding body part; h is the buried depth of the horizontal grounding body part; r is the radius of the horizontal grounding body part; k is the reflection coefficient of the double-layer soil, and
Figure GDA0003222753830000042
ρ1upper soil resistivity; rho2Lower soil resistivity; s is the thickness of the upper soil layer; n is a mirror image series, the value is a natural number, and R (n +1) -R (n) is less than or equal to 0.01 omega.
c. Calculating the equivalent soil resistivity rho by adopting the following formulad：
Figure GDA0003222753830000043
Wherein R is the grounding resistance of the horizontal grounding body part; l is the length of the horizontal grounding body part; h is the buried depth of the horizontal grounding body part; r is the radius of the horizontal grounding body part;
d. the capacitance per unit length C is calculated by the following formula0：
C0＝ερdG0
Wherein epsilon is the dielectric constant of soil, and is 9 multiplied by 8.86 multiplied by 10-12；ρdEquivalent soil resistivity; g0Conductance per unit length;
e. the inductance L per unit length is calculated by the following formula0：
Figure GDA0003222753830000051
In the formula u0Taking u as the vacuum magnetic permeability coefficient0＝4π×10-7(ii) a l is the length of the horizontal grounding body part; r is the radius of the horizontal ground body portion.
Step C, establishing water according to the electric parameters obtained in the step BEstablishing an ATPDraw simulation model of the horizontal grounding body part according to the electrical parameters obtained in the step B, and obtaining a current dispersion value delta I of each equal part of model when the spark effect is not consideredi。
D, considering the spark effect, calculating the equivalent radius of each equal part of the grounding body according to the simulation parameters obtained in the step C when the spark effect is not considered, specifically, calculating the equivalent radius r of each equal part of the grounding body by adopting the following formulai：
Figure GDA0003222753830000052
Rho is the soil resistivity of the soil layer where the horizontal grounding body part is located; delta IiThe value of the current dispersion of the grounding body is the value of the current dispersion of the grounding body; Δ l is the length of the equivalent ground body; ecIs the critical breakdown field strength of the soil.
And E, recalculating the electrical parameters of each equal part of the grounding body according to the calculation result of the step D, specifically calculating the equivalent radius r according to the calculation result of the step DiAnd recalculating the unit length inductance and the unit length capacitance of each equal part of the grounding body.
Step F, reestablishing the ATPDraw simulation model of the horizontal grounding body part according to the electric parameters obtained in the step E, and obtaining the simulation parameters considering the spark effect, specifically reestablishing the ATPDraw simulation model of the horizontal grounding body part according to the electric parameters obtained in the step E, and obtaining the diffusion numerical value delta I of each equal part of model considering the spark effecti。
Step G, comparing the simulation parameters obtained in the step C with the simulation parameters obtained in the step F, specifically, repeating the steps D to F until the delta I obtained by the two adjacent operation resultsiThe difference between the values is less than Delta IiAnd when the water content is 1 percent, obtaining a final ATPDraw simulation model of the impact and dispersion characteristics of the horizontal grounding body in the double-layer soil.
Step S4, establishing an ATPDraw simulation model of the vertical body impact and dispersion characteristics in the double-layer soil for the vertical ground body part obtained in step S3, specifically, establishing a simulation model by the following steps:
(1) dividing the vertical grounding body part into a plurality of equal parts, and setting uniform current dispersion of the grounding body in each equal part;
(2) calculating the electrical parameters of each equal part of the grounding body without considering the spark effect;
(3) establishing an ATPDraw simulation model of the vertical grounding body part according to the electric parameters obtained in the step (2), and obtaining simulation parameters without considering spark effect;
(4) considering the spark effect, and calculating the equivalent radius of each equal part of the grounding body according to the simulation parameters obtained in the step (3) without considering the spark effect;
(5) recalculating the electrical parameters of each equal part of the grounding body according to the calculation result of the step (4);
(6) according to the electric parameters obtained in the step (5), establishing an ATPDraw simulation model of the vertical grounding body part again, and obtaining simulation parameters considering the spark effect;
(7) and (4) comparing the simulation parameters obtained in the step (3) with the simulation parameters obtained in the step (6) to obtain a final ATPDraw simulation model of the vertical body impact and dispersion characteristics in the double-layer soil.
The step (2) of calculating the electrical parameters of each equal part of the grounding body without considering the spark effect specifically comprises the following steps of:
1) judging whether the grounding body penetrates into the lower soil layer of the double-layer soil or not, and calculating the conductance G per unit length0：
If the grounding body does not penetrate into the lower soil layer in the double-layer soil, then:
Figure GDA0003222753830000061
where rho1Upper soil resistivity; rho2Lower soil resistivity; l1Is the length of the vertical ground body portion; r is1Is the radius of the vertical ground body portion; n is the number of mirror image stages,the value is a natural number and satisfies that R (n +1) -R (n) is less than or equal to 0.01 omega; s1The thickness of the soil in which the vertical grounding body part is positioned; k is the reflection coefficient of the double-layer soil, and
Figure GDA0003222753830000071
if the grounding body penetrates into the lower soil layer in the double-layer soil, then:
Figure GDA0003222753830000072
Figure GDA0003222753830000073
in the formula G01The unit length conductance of the vertical ground body in the upper layer soil; g02Is the unit length conductance of the grounding body in the lower layer soil; l1Is the length of the vertical ground body portion; r is1Is the radius of the vertical ground body portion; n is a mirror image series, the value is a natural number, and R (n +1) -R (n) is less than or equal to 0.01 omega; s1The soil thickness of the upper soil layer; k is the reflection coefficient of the double-layer soil, and
Figure GDA0003222753830000074
2) the ground resistance R1 is calculated using the following equation:
if the grounding body does not penetrate into the lower soil layer of the double-layer soil
Figure GDA0003222753830000075
In the formula G0Conductance per unit length; l1Is the length of the vertical ground body portion;
if the grounding body penetrates into the lower soil layer of the double-layer soil
Figure GDA0003222753830000076
Wherein s is the thickness of the upper soil layer; l1Is the length of the vertical ground body portion; g01Is the conductivity per unit length of the upper soil; g02Is the conductivity per unit length of the underlying soil;
3) calculating the equivalent soil resistivity rho by adopting the following formulad：
Figure GDA0003222753830000081
Wherein R3 is unit resistance; l1Is the length of the vertical ground body portion; r is1Is the radius of the vertical ground body portion;
4) calculating the unit capacitance C by the following formula0：
C0＝ερdG′0
Wherein epsilon is the dielectric constant of soil, and is 9 multiplied by 8.86 multiplied by 10-12；ρdEquivalent soil resistivity; g'0The conductance per unit length of the grounding body in the layer of soil is G when the grounding body does not penetrate into the lower layer of soil0(ii) a When the grounding body penetrates into the lower soil, the upper soil is taken as G01In the lower soil is G02；
5) The unit inductance L is calculated by the following formula0：
Figure GDA0003222753830000082
In the formula u0To obtain a vacuum magnetic permeability coefficient, u is taken0＝4π×10-7；l1Is the length of the vertical ground body portion; r is1Is the radius of the vertical ground body portion.
And (3) establishing an ATPDraw simulation model of the vertical grounding body part according to the electric parameters obtained in the step (2), and obtaining simulation parameters without considering spark effect, specifically, establishing the vertical grounding body part according to the electric parameters obtained in the step (2)The ATPDraw simulation model of (1) and obtaining the value delta I of the diffusion flow of each equal part model when the spark effect is not consideredi。
Considering the spark effect, and calculating the equivalent radius of each equal part of the grounding body according to the simulation parameters obtained in the step (3) without considering the spark effect, specifically, calculating the equivalent radius r of each equal part of the grounding body by using the following formulai：
Figure GDA0003222753830000083
Where rho3The soil resistivity of the soil layer where the vertical grounding body part is located; delta IiThe value of the current dispersion of the grounding body is the value of the current dispersion of the grounding body; Δ l is the length of the equivalent ground body; ecIs the critical breakdown field strength of the soil.
And (5) recalculating the electrical parameters of each equal part of the grounding body according to the calculation result of the step (4), specifically calculating the equivalent radius r according to the calculation result of the step (4)iAnd recalculating the unit inductance and the unit capacitance of each equal part of the grounding body.
And (6) reestablishing the ATPDraw simulation model of the vertical grounding body part according to the electric parameters obtained in the step (5) and obtaining simulation parameters considering the spark effect, specifically reestablishing the ATPDraw simulation model of the vertical grounding body part according to the electric parameters obtained in the step (5) and obtaining the diffusion numerical value delta I of each equal part model considering the spark effecti。
Comparing the simulation parameters obtained in the step (3) and the simulation parameters obtained in the step (6) in the step (7), specifically, repeating the steps (4) to (6) until the delta I obtained by the two adjacent operation resultsiThe difference between the values is less than Delta IiAnd 1 percent of the total mass flow rate of the soil to obtain a final ATPDraw simulation model of the vertical body impact current dispersion characteristic in the double-layer soil.
The invention also provides a verification method of the simulation model establishing method of the grounding device in the double-layer soil, which further comprises the following steps:
and S6, performing a simulation experiment on the designed grounding device in the double-layer soil by adopting the final simulation model of the grounding device in the double-layer soil obtained in the step S5, and verifying the designed grounding device in the double-layer soil.
The invention provides a simulation model establishing method and a verification method of a grounding device in double-layer soil, which introduce the equivalent soil resistivity concept of a layered soil structure into tower grounding impact characteristic simulation modeling, calculate the equivalent conductance of a horizontal grounding body and a vertical grounding body in unit length by a mirror image method, establish an ATPDraw simulation model of the grounding device under the double-layer soil structure according to a distribution parameter chain circuit of a segmented lossy transmission line, and correct the model according to the lightning impact dissipation characteristic of the tower grounding device under the double-layer soil structure, thereby realizing the establishment and verification of the simulation model of the grounding device in the double-layer soil; the method is not only suitable for the double-layer soil structure, but also high in reliability, good in practicability and high in accuracy.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for establishing a simulation model of a grounding device in double-layer soil according to the method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a chain-type distributed parametric circuit model in the method of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the grounding resistance and the upper soil thickness in the method of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an ATP simulation model of the impact and diffusion characteristics of a horizontal ground body under a double-layer soil structure in the method of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the current waveform of each section of the horizontal ground body under the double-layer soil structure in the method of the present invention when the spark effect is not considered.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the ground current of each section of the horizontal grounding body under the double-layer soil structure in the method of the invention after the spark effect is considered.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an impact induced diffusion ATPDraw simulation model in uniform soil according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an ATPDraw simulation model of impact induced scattering when horizontal rays are additionally arranged in uniform soil according to an embodiment of the method.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an impact induced diffusion ATPDraw simulation model in double-layer soil according to an embodiment of the method.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the simulation result of impact induced diffusion ATPDraw in double-layer soil according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic method flow diagram of the verification method in the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for establishing a simulation model of a grounding device in double-layer soil, which comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining a design model and design parameters of a designed grounding device in double-layer soil;
s2, decomposing the design model into a horizontal grounding body part and a vertical grounding body part according to the design model and the design parameters obtained in the step S1;
s3, aiming at the horizontal grounding body part obtained in the step S2, establishing an ATPDraw simulation model of impact and dispersion characteristics of the horizontal grounding body in the double-layer soil; specifically, the model is established by adopting the following steps:
A. dividing the horizontal grounding body part into a plurality of equal parts, and setting uniform current dispersion of the grounding body in each equal part; specifically, a chain type distributed parameter circuit model (as shown in fig. 2) is adopted for the horizontal grounding part; each equal part comprises a resistor, an inductor, a capacitor and a conductor; one end of the resistor is connected with the output end of the equal part, the other end of the resistor is connected with one end of the inductor, and the other end of the inductor is the output end of the equal part; the electric conduction is connected with the capacitor in parallel, one end of the electric conduction is connected with the other end of the inductor after the electric conduction is connected in parallel, and the other end of the electric conduction is grounded after the electric conduction is connected in parallel; each equal part of resistance, inductance, capacitance and conductance is composed of resistance R of unit length of grounding body0Inductance L per unit length0Capacitance per unit length C0Conductivity per unit length G0Multiplying the length of each part of the grounding body.
B. Calculating the electrical parameters of each equal part of the grounding body without considering the spark effect; specifically, the following steps are adopted to calculate the electrical parameters:
a. the unit length electricity is calculated by the following formulaResistance R0：
Figure GDA0003222753830000111
Where rho0R is the radius of the horizontal ground body portion.
b. The conductance per unit length G was calculated by the following equation0：
Figure GDA0003222753830000121
Wherein R is the grounding resistance of the horizontal grounding body part; l is the length of the horizontal grounding body part;
Figure GDA0003222753830000122
rho is the soil resistivity of the soil layer where the horizontal grounding body part is located; l is the length of the horizontal grounding body part; h is the buried depth of the horizontal grounding body part; r is the radius of the horizontal grounding body part; k is the reflection coefficient of the double-layer soil, and
Figure GDA0003222753830000123
ρ1upper soil resistivity; rho2Lower soil resistivity; s is the thickness of the upper soil layer; n is a mirror image series, the value is a natural number, and R (n +1) -R (n) is less than or equal to 0.01 omega. Meanwhile, l > 2h > 2 r.
For example, the horizontal ground length l is 30m, the radius r is 0.005m, the buried depth h is 0.5m, and the upper layer soil resistivity ρ is1100 Ω m, thickness s 10m, and lower soil resistivity ρ 21000 Ω m; the grounding resistance R is 8.62 omega and G can be calculated00.003867S/m;
c. calculating the equivalent soil resistivity rho by adopting the following formulad：
Figure GDA0003222753830000124
Wherein R is the grounding resistance of the horizontal grounding body part; l is the length of the horizontal grounding body part; h is the buried depth of the horizontal grounding body part; r is the radius of the horizontal grounding body part;
d. calculating the unit capacitance C by the following formula0：
C0＝ερdG′0
Wherein epsilon is the dielectric constant of soil, and is 9 multiplied by 8.86 multiplied by 10-12；ρdEquivalent soil resistivity; g'0The conductivity per unit length of a grounding body in the layer of soil;
e. the unit inductance L is calculated by the following formula0：
Figure GDA0003222753830000131
In the formula u0Taking u as the vacuum magnetic permeability coefficient0＝4π×10-7(ii) a l is the length of the horizontal grounding body part; r is the radius of the horizontal grounding body part;
for double-layer soil, the influence of the thickness of the upper layer soil on the grounding resistance is as follows:
for a horizontal grounding body with the length of 30m, the radius of 0.005m and the buried depth h of 0.5m, the upper layer soil rho1100 Ω m, lower soil ρ2The relation between the grounding resistance value and the thickness of the upper soil is as shown in fig. 3; when the thickness s of the upper layer soil is 10m, the power frequency grounding resistance value is 8.6 omega; along with the increase of the thickness of the upper soil, the influence of the lower soil on the stray current of the grounding body is gradually weakened, and the power frequency grounding resistance is reduced and tends to be 6.1 omega under single-layer soil;
C. b, establishing an ATPDraw simulation model of the horizontal grounding body part according to the electric parameters obtained in the step B, and obtaining simulation parameters without considering the spark effect; specifically, according to the electric parameters obtained in the step B, an ATPDraw simulation model of the horizontal grounding body part is established, and the value delta I of the current spreading of each equal part model is obtained when the spark effect is not consideredi；
D. C, considering the spark effect, and calculating the equivalent radius of each equal part of the grounding body according to the simulation parameters obtained in the step C when the spark effect is not considered; specifically, the equivalent radius r of each equal part of the grounding body is calculated by adopting the following formulai：
Figure GDA0003222753830000141
Rho is the soil resistivity of the soil layer where the horizontal grounding body part is located; delta IiThe value of the current dispersion of the grounding body is the value of the current dispersion of the grounding body; Δ l is the length of the equivalent ground body; ecIs the critical breakdown field strength of the soil;
in the above process: the soil ionization increases the current dispersion radius of the grounding body, the current dispersion of the grounding electrode is enhanced, and the impact current is dispersed along the non-uniform current of the grounding body; therefore, the grounding body is divided into n sections, the length of each section is delta l, and uniform current dispersion in each section is considered; the i-th section has an equivalent radius of riDensity of dispersed flow JiComprises the following steps:
Figure GDA0003222753830000142
if the I-th section of soil is ionized, the field intensity is Ec, and the scattered current of the grounding body in the section is delta IiIts bulk flow density Ji＝ΔIi/(2πriΔl)；
In the specific implementation, the inductance effect and the spark effect are considered; when the lightning current amplitude is larger and the generated field intensity exceeds the critical breakdown field intensity of soil, the soil around the grounding body breaks down to generate strong spark discharge, namely spark effect;
E. d, recalculating the electrical parameters of each equal part of the grounding body according to the calculation result of the step D; specifically, the equivalent radius r is obtained by calculation according to the step DiRecalculating the unit inductance and the unit capacitance of each equal part of grounding body;
F. according to the electric parameters obtained in the step E, establishing an ATPDraw simulation model of the horizontal grounding body part again, and obtaining simulation parameters considering the spark effect; specifically, according to the electrical parameters obtained in the step E, the ATPDraw simulation of the horizontal grounding body part is established againModeling, and obtaining the value of the diffusion delta I of each model in equal parts when the spark effect is consideredi；
G. C, comparing the simulation parameters obtained in the step C with the simulation parameters obtained in the step F to obtain a final ATPDraw simulation model of the impact and dispersion characteristics of the horizontal grounding body in the double-layer soil; specifically, the step D to the step F are repeated until the delta I obtained by the results of two adjacent running processesiThe difference between the values is less than Delta IiAnd 1% of the total mass of the soil, thereby obtaining a final ATPDraw simulation model of the impact and dispersion characteristics of the horizontal grounding body in the double-layer soil.
Such as: the grounding body is divided into 6 equal parts, and each section is 5m long; 8/50us lightning current with the amplitude of 10kA is injected from one end of the grounding body, and a horizontal grounding body lightning impulse ATPDraw simulation model is established and is shown in figure 4; then calculating to obtain Li＝0.0084mH，Ri＝0.25Ω，Gi＝0.0193S，Ci0.000154 uF; establishing an ATPDraw simulation model as shown in FIG. 4; after the model is operated, the dispersion flow of each section of the operation result is shown in figure 5; the maximum value of the voltage waveform is 111.8kV, the maximum value of the current waveform is 10kA, the impulse grounding resistance is 11.18 omega, and the impulse coefficient is 1.29, which indicates that the tail end of the grounding body is not fully utilized and the inductance effect is obvious;
then considering the spark effect, recalculating the conductance and capacitance parameters of each segment to replace the original parameters G in the modeli、CiThe results are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 parameters from the first simulation run
Parameter(s) 1 2 3 4 5 6
ΔIi/A 1864 1715 1670 1643 1626 1618
ri/m 0.00915 0.00842 0.0082 0.00806 0.00797 0.00794
Gi/S 0.0386 0.0382 0.0381 0.0379 0.0379 0.0379
Ci/uF 0.000307 0.000304 0.000303 0.000302 0.000302 0.000301
Again, the operation is carried out and the delta I of each conductor section is calculatedi(ii) a Repeating the steps, and when the results of two adjacent running are basically not changed, the simulation model fully considers the spark effect;
the case final operation results are shown in table 2, and the simulation results are shown in fig. 6; at the moment, the equivalent radius of the injection end reaches 14cm, and the impulse grounding resistance R isi＝Um/ImThe spark effect reduces the impulse grounding resistance, and the impact coefficient is beta-Ri/Rg＝6.91/8.62＝0.8；
TABLE 2 parameters from the fourth simulation run
Parameter(s) 1 2 3 4 5 6
ΔIi/A 2878 2065 1674 1545 1487 1466
ri/m 0.141 0.101 0.0818 0.0756 0.0727 0.0717
Gi/S 0.000461 0.000435 0.000421 0.000417 0.000413 0.000412
Ci/uF 0.0579 0.0546 0.0529 0.0522 0.0519 0.0518
S4, aiming at the vertical grounding body part obtained in the step S3, establishing an ATPDraw simulation model of the vertical direct ground body impact current dispersion characteristic in the double-layer soil; specifically, the following steps are adopted to establish a simulation model:
(1) dividing the vertical grounding body part into a plurality of equal parts, and setting uniform current dispersion of the grounding body in each equal part;
(2) calculating the electrical parameters of each equal part of the grounding body without considering the spark effect; specifically, the following steps are adopted to calculate the electrical parameters:
1) judging whether the grounding body penetrates into the lower soil layer of the double-layer soil or not, and calculating the conductance G per unit length0：
If the grounding body does not penetrate into the lower soil layer in the double-layer soil, then:
Figure GDA0003222753830000161
where rho1Upper soil resistivity; rho2Lower soil resistivity; l1Is the length of the vertical ground body portion; r is1Is the radius of the vertical ground body portion; n is a mirror image series, the value is a natural number, and R (n +1) -R (n) is less than or equal to 0.01 omega; s1The thickness of the soil in which the vertical grounding body part is positioned; k is the reflection coefficient of the double-layer soil, and
Figure GDA0003222753830000162
if the grounding body penetrates into the lower soil layer in the double-layer soil, then:
Figure GDA0003222753830000163
Figure GDA0003222753830000171
in the formula G01Is the conductivity per unit length of the upper soil; g02Is the conductivity per unit length of the underlying soil; l1Is the length of the vertical ground body portion; r is1Is the radius of the vertical ground body portion; n is a mirror image series, the value is a natural number, and R (n +1) -R (n) is less than or equal to 0.01 omega; s1The thickness of the soil in which the vertical grounding body part is positioned; k is the reflection coefficient of the double-layer soil, and
Figure GDA0003222753830000172
2) the grounding resistance R1 of the grounding body is calculated by the following formula:
if the grounding body does not penetrate into the lower soil layer of the double-layer soil
Figure GDA0003222753830000173
In the formula G0Conductance per unit length; l1Is the length of the vertical ground body portion;
if the grounding body penetrates into the lower soil layer of the double-layer soil
Figure GDA0003222753830000174
Wherein s is the thickness of the upper soil layer; l1Is the length of the vertical ground body portion; g01Is the unit length conductance of the grounding body in the upper soil layer; g02Is the unit length conductance of the grounding body in the lower layer soil;
3) calculating the equivalent soil resistivity rho by adopting the following formulad：
Figure GDA0003222753830000175
Wherein R3 is unit resistance; l1Is the length of the vertical ground body portion; r is1Is the radius of the vertical ground body portion; (ii) a
4) Calculating the unit capacitance C by the following formula0：
C0＝ερdG′0
Wherein epsilon is the dielectric constant of soil, and is 9 multiplied by 8.86 multiplied by 10-12；ρdEquivalent soil resistivity; g'0The conductance per unit length of the grounding body in the layer of soil is G when the grounding body does not penetrate into the lower layer of soil0(ii) a When the grounding body penetrates into the lower soil, the upper soil is taken as G01In the lower soil is G02；
5) The unit inductance L is calculated by the following formula0：
Figure GDA0003222753830000181
In the formula u0Taking u as the vacuum magnetic permeability coefficient0＝4π×10-7；l1Is the length of the vertical ground body portion; r is1Is the radius of the vertical ground body portion;
(3) establishing an ATPDraw simulation model of the vertical grounding body part according to the electric parameters obtained in the step (2), and obtaining simulation parameters without considering spark effect; specifically, according to the electric parameters obtained in the step (2), an ATPDraw simulation model of the vertical grounding body part is established, and the value delta I of the current spreading of each equal part model is obtained when the spark effect is not consideredi；
(4) Considering the spark effect, and calculating the equivalent radius of each equal part of the grounding body according to the simulation parameters obtained in the step (3) without considering the spark effect; specifically, the equivalent radius r of each equal part of the grounding body is calculated by adopting the following formulai：
Figure GDA0003222753830000182
Where rho3The soil resistivity of the soil layer where the vertical grounding body part is located; delta IiThe value of the current dispersion of the grounding body is the value of the current dispersion of the grounding body; Δ l is the length of the equivalent ground body; ecIs the critical breakdown field strength of the soil;
(5) recalculating the electrical parameters of each equal part of the grounding body according to the calculation result of the step (4); specifically, the equivalent radius r is obtained by calculation according to the step (4)iRecalculating the unit inductance and the unit capacitance of each equal part of grounding body;
(6) according to the electric parameters obtained in the step (5), establishing an ATPDraw simulation model of the vertical grounding body part again, and obtaining simulation parameters considering the spark effect; specifically, according to the electrical parameters obtained in the step (5), the A of the vertical grounding body part is established againTPDraw simulation model, and obtaining the value of the diffusion flow Delta I of each equal part model when the spark effect is consideredi；
(7) Comparing the simulation parameters obtained in the step (3) with the simulation parameters obtained in the step (6) to obtain a final ATPDraw simulation model of the vertical direct ground impact current dispersion characteristics in the double-layer soil; specifically, the steps (4) to (6) are repeated until the delta I obtained by the results of two adjacent operation is obtainediThe difference between the values is less than Delta Ii1% of;
and S5, combining the simulation models obtained in the step S3 and the step S4 according to the decomposition mode of the step S2, and thus obtaining the final simulation model of the grounding device in the double-layer soil.
The method of the invention is illustrated by taking ATPDraw simulation of impact grounding characteristics of the prefabricated steel cylinder foundation pile as an example:
performing impact flow dispersion ATPDraw simulation on a prefabricated steel cylinder foundation pile in uniform soil:
as a simulation case, a prefabricated steel cylinder foundation pile is 10 meters long, 1.4 meters in diameter and 3cm in wall thickness, backfill is filled in a cylinder, three anchor bolts with the length of 3 meters and the radius of 2cm are arranged at the bottom, the steel cylinder pile is divided into 2 sections and 5 meters in each section under the condition that the uniform soil resistivity rho is 2000 Ω m, the diameter of the steel cylinder pile is considered to be large, when the lightning current amplitude is 10kA, the soil around the steel cylinder pile cannot be ionized, parameters of each section are calculated to be L1 0.00235, C1 0.00107, G1 1/150 and R1 0.05, parameters of the anchor bolts at the bottom are L3 0.00282, C3 0.000318, G3 1/500 and R3 are 0.15, a simulation model is established as shown in fig. 7, and the simulation result is that the impact ground resistance is 51.8; is additionally arranged at the position with the buried depth of 0.8 meter
Figure GDA0003222753830000191
The horizontal ray is 50 meters, the spark effect of the horizontal grounding body is calculated, the simulation model is as shown in figure 8, and the grounding resistance is reduced to 23 omega;
performing impact flow dispersion ATPDraw simulation on a prefabricated steel cylinder foundation pile in double-layer soil:
the soil structure is horizontally layered, and the resistivity rho of the upper layer soil 1100 Ω m, thickness s 10m, and lower soil resistivity ρ 22000 Ω m; of prefabricated steel cylinder pile foundationsThe steel cylinder length is 10 meters, the radius r is 0.7 meters, 5 meters are in upper soil, 5 meters are in lower soil, the anchor bolt is in lower soil, the length l is 3 meters, and the radius r is 0.02 meters;
calculating the circuit model parameters of the steel cylinder in the upper soil layer, considering that the diameter of the steel cylinder pile is large, and the requirement of l is difficult to satisfy>>2r, the result of the mirror image method has certain error, so the calculation formula obtained by adopting the Laplace method is adopted, and the conductance G of the unit length01Comprises the following steps:
Figure GDA0003222753830000201
conductance per unit length of lower layer G02Comprises the following steps:
Figure GDA0003222753830000202
the simulation model and the circuit parameters of each section are shown in fig. 9, the voltage and current waveform of the head end of the simulation result is shown in fig. 10, and the impulse grounding resistance R is 15.5 omega, which is consistent with the calculation result of the CDEGS software.
Fig. 11 is a schematic flow chart of the verification method provided by the present invention: the invention also provides a verification method of the simulation model establishing method of the grounding device in the double-layer soil, which comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining a design model and design parameters of a designed grounding device in double-layer soil;
s2, decomposing the design model into a horizontal grounding body part and a vertical grounding body part according to the design model and the design parameters obtained in the step S1;
s3, aiming at the horizontal grounding body part obtained in the step S2, establishing an ATPDraw simulation model of impact and dispersion characteristics of the horizontal grounding body in the double-layer soil;
s4, aiming at the vertical grounding body part obtained in the step S3, establishing an ATPDraw simulation model of the vertical direct ground body impact current dispersion characteristic in the double-layer soil;
s5, combining the simulation models obtained in the step S3 and the step S4 according to the decomposition mode of the step S2, and thus obtaining a final simulation model of the grounding device in the double-layer soil;
and S6, performing a simulation experiment on the designed grounding device in the double-layer soil by adopting the final simulation model of the grounding device in the double-layer soil obtained in the step S5, and verifying the designed grounding device in the double-layer soil.

Claims (8)

1. A method for establishing a simulation model of a grounding device in double-layer soil comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining a design model and design parameters of a designed grounding device in double-layer soil;
s2, decomposing the design model into a horizontal grounding body part and a vertical grounding body part according to the design model and the design parameters obtained in the step S1;
s3, aiming at the horizontal grounding body part obtained in the step S2, establishing an ATPDraw simulation model of impact and dispersion characteristics of the horizontal grounding body in the double-layer soil; specifically, the model is established by adopting the following steps:
A. dividing the horizontal grounding body part into a plurality of equal parts, and setting uniform current dispersion of the grounding body in each equal part;
B. calculating the electrical parameters of each equal part of the grounding body without considering the spark effect; specifically, the following steps are adopted to calculate the electrical parameters:
a. the resistance per unit length R of the grounding conductor is calculated by the following formula0：
Figure FDA0003222753820000011
Where rho0R is the radius of the horizontal ground body portion;
b. the conductance per unit length G was calculated by the following equation0：
Figure FDA0003222753820000012
Wherein R is the grounding resistance of the horizontal grounding body part; l is the length of the horizontal grounding body part;
Figure FDA0003222753820000021
rho is the soil resistivity of the soil layer where the horizontal grounding body part is located; l is the length of the horizontal grounding body part; h is the buried depth of the horizontal grounding body part; r is the radius of the horizontal grounding body part; k is the reflection coefficient of the double-layer soil, and
Figure FDA0003222753820000022
ρ1upper soil resistivity; rho2Lower soil resistivity; s is the thickness of the upper soil layer; n is a mirror image series, the value is a natural number, and R (n +1) -R (n) is less than or equal to 0.01 omega;
c. calculating the equivalent soil resistivity rho by adopting the following formulad：
Figure FDA0003222753820000023
Wherein R is the grounding resistance of the horizontal grounding body part; l is the length of the horizontal grounding body part; h is the buried depth of the horizontal grounding body part; r is the radius of the horizontal grounding body part;
d. the capacitance per unit length C is calculated by the following formula0：
C0＝ερdG0
Wherein epsilon is the dielectric constant of soil; rhodEquivalent soil resistivity; g0Conductance per unit length;
e. the inductance L per unit length is calculated by the following formula0：
Figure FDA0003222753820000024
In the formula u0Is a vacuum magnetic permeability coefficient; l is a horizontal grounding bodyThe length of the portion; r is the radius of the horizontal grounding body part;
C. b, establishing an ATPDraw simulation model of the horizontal grounding body part according to the electric parameters obtained in the step B, and obtaining simulation parameters without considering the spark effect;
D. c, considering the spark effect, and calculating the equivalent radius of each equal part of the grounding body according to the simulation parameters obtained in the step C when the spark effect is not considered;
E. d, recalculating the electrical parameters of each equal part of the grounding body according to the calculation result of the step D;
F. according to the electric parameters obtained in the step E, establishing an ATPDraw simulation model of the horizontal grounding body part again, and obtaining simulation parameters considering the spark effect;
G. c, comparing the simulation parameters obtained in the step C with the simulation parameters obtained in the step F to obtain a final ATPDraw simulation model of the impact and dispersion characteristics of the horizontal grounding body in the double-layer soil;
s4, aiming at the vertical grounding body part obtained in the step S2, establishing an ATPDraw simulation model of the vertical direct ground body impact current dispersion characteristic in the double-layer soil;
and S5, combining the simulation models obtained in the step S3 and the step S4 according to the decomposition mode of the step S2, and thus obtaining the final simulation model of the grounding device in the double-layer soil.
2. The method for creating a simulation model of a grounding device in double-layer soil according to claim 1, wherein the spark effect is considered in step D, and the equivalent radius of each equal portion of the grounding body is calculated according to the simulation parameters obtained in step C without considering the spark effect, specifically, the equivalent radius r of each equal portion of the grounding body is calculated by using the following formulai：
Figure FDA0003222753820000031
Rho is the soil resistivity of the soil layer where the horizontal grounding body part is located; delta IiThe value of the current dispersion of the grounding body is the value of the current dispersion of the grounding body; Δ l is the length of the equivalent ground body;Ecis the critical breakdown field strength of the soil.
3. The method for establishing a simulation model of a grounding device in double-layer soil according to claim 2, wherein the simulation parameters obtained in the step G and the simulation parameters obtained in the step F are compared, specifically, the steps D to F are repeated until the results of two adjacent operations obtain Δ IiThe difference of the numerical values is smaller than a first set value, so that a final ATPDraw simulation model of the impact and dispersion characteristics of the horizontal grounding body in the double-layer soil is obtained.
4. The method for establishing the simulation model of the grounding device in the double-layer soil according to claim 3, wherein the step S4 is to establish an ATPDraw simulation model of the impact and current spreading characteristics of the vertical grounding body in the double-layer soil for the vertical grounding body part obtained in the step S3, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) dividing the vertical grounding body part into a plurality of equal parts, and setting uniform current dispersion of the grounding body in each equal part;
(2) calculating the electrical parameters of each equal part of the grounding body without considering the spark effect;
(3) establishing an ATPDraw simulation model of the vertical grounding body part according to the electric parameters obtained in the step (2), and obtaining simulation parameters without considering spark effect;
(4) considering the spark effect, and calculating the equivalent radius of each equal part of the grounding body according to the simulation parameters obtained in the step (3) without considering the spark effect;
(5) recalculating the electrical parameters of each equal part of the grounding body according to the calculation result of the step (4);
(6) according to the electric parameters obtained in the step (5), establishing an ATPDraw simulation model of the vertical grounding body part again, and obtaining simulation parameters considering the spark effect;
(7) and (4) comparing the simulation parameters obtained in the step (3) with the simulation parameters obtained in the step (6) to obtain a final ATPDraw simulation model of the vertical body impact and dispersion characteristics in the double-layer soil.
5. The method for establishing a simulation model of a grounding device in double-layer soil according to claim 4, wherein the step (2) of calculating the electrical parameters of each equal part of the grounding body without considering spark effect comprises the following steps:
1) judging whether the grounding body penetrates into the lower soil layer of the double-layer soil or not, and calculating the conductance G per unit length0：
If the grounding body does not penetrate into the lower soil layer in the double-layer soil, then:
Figure FDA0003222753820000051
where rho1Upper soil resistivity; rho2Lower soil resistivity; l1Is the length of the vertical ground body portion; r is1Is the radius of the vertical ground body portion; n is a mirror image series, the value is a natural number, and R (n +1) -R (n) is less than or equal to 0.01 omega; s1The thickness of the soil in which the vertical grounding body part is positioned; k is the reflection coefficient of the double-layer soil, and
Figure FDA0003222753820000052
if the grounding body penetrates into the lower soil layer in the double-layer soil, then:
Figure FDA0003222753820000053
Figure FDA0003222753820000054
in the formula G01Is the conductivity per unit length of the upper soil; g02Is the conductivity per unit length of the underlying soil; l1Is the length of the vertical ground body portion; r is1Is the radius of the vertical ground body portion; n is the number of mirror image stages, and is a natural number satisfying R (n +1)R(n)≤0.01Ω；s1The thickness of the soil in which the vertical grounding body part is positioned; k is the reflection coefficient of the double-layer soil, and
Figure FDA0003222753820000055
2) the ground resistance R1 is calculated using the following equation:
if the grounding body does not penetrate into the lower layer soil in the double-layer soil, the grounding resistor
Figure FDA0003222753820000056
In the formula G0Conductance per unit length; l1Is the length of the vertical ground body portion;
if the grounding body penetrates into the lower soil layer of the double-layer soil
Figure FDA0003222753820000061
Wherein s is the thickness of the upper soil layer; l1Is the length of the vertical ground body portion; g01The conductance per unit length of a grounding body in the upper soil layer; g02The conductance per unit length of a grounding body in the lower layer soil;
3) calculating the equivalent soil resistivity rho by adopting the following formulad：
Figure FDA0003222753820000062
Wherein R3 is unit resistance; l1Is the length of the vertical ground body portion; r is1Is the radius of the vertical ground body portion;
4) calculating the unit capacitance C by the following formula0：
C0＝ερdG′0
Epsilon is the dielectric constant of soil; rhodEquivalent soil resistivity; g'0The conductance per unit length of the grounding body in the layer of soil is G when the grounding body does not penetrate into the lower layer of soil0(ii) a When the grounding body penetrates into the lower soil, the upper soil is taken as G01In the lower soil is G02；
5) The unit inductance L is calculated by the following formula0：
Figure FDA0003222753820000063
In the formula u0Is a vacuum magnetic permeability coefficient; l1Is the length of the vertical ground body portion; r is1Is the radius of the vertical ground body portion.
6. The method for creating a simulation model of an earthing device in double-layer soil according to claim 5, wherein the spark effect is considered in step (4), the equivalent radius of each equal grounding body is calculated according to the simulation parameters obtained in step (3) without considering the spark effect, specifically, the equivalent radius r of each equal grounding body is calculated by using the following formulai：
Figure FDA0003222753820000071
Where rho3The soil resistivity of the soil layer where the vertical grounding body part is located; delta IiThe value of the current dispersion of the grounding body is the value of the current dispersion of the grounding body; Δ l is the length of the equivalent ground body; ecIs the critical breakdown field strength of the soil.
7. The method for establishing the simulation model of the grounding device in the double-layer soil according to claim 6, wherein the step (7) is to compare the simulation parameters obtained in the step (3) with the simulation parameters obtained in the step (6), and specifically, the steps (4) to (6) are repeated until the Δ I obtained by the results of two adjacent operations is reachediThe difference of the numerical values is less than a second set value, so that the final vertical body impact in the double-layer soil is obtainedAnd (3) a divergent flow characteristic ATPDraw simulation model.
8. A verification method of a simulation model establishment method comprising the double-layer soil grounding device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by further comprising the steps of:
and S6, performing a simulation experiment on the designed grounding device in the double-layer soil by adopting the final simulation model of the grounding device in the double-layer soil obtained in the step S5, and verifying the designed grounding device in the double-layer soil.
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