CN111525527B - Radio frequency signal thunder and lightning electromagnetic pulse protection device - Google Patents
Radio frequency signal thunder and lightning electromagnetic pulse protection device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111525527B CN111525527B CN202010495171.1A CN202010495171A CN111525527B CN 111525527 B CN111525527 B CN 111525527B CN 202010495171 A CN202010495171 A CN 202010495171A CN 111525527 B CN111525527 B CN 111525527B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
- H02H9/06—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage using spark-gap arresters
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of lightning electromagnetic pulse protection, in particular to a radio-frequency signal lightning electromagnetic pulse protection device which comprises a metal body, and a radio-frequency input port and a radio-frequency output port which are arranged on two sides of the metal body, wherein the metal body is provided with a cavity, and a lightning protection circuit is arranged in the cavity. The invention utilizes the transient suppression diode to carry out multi-stage protection, improves the response speed, and the response speed is in picosecond level, thereby improving the reliability of various radio frequency links and effectively protecting the intrusion and the impact of thunder electromagnetic pulse and thunder surge on key parts or equipment on the radio frequency links.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lightning electromagnetic pulse protection, in particular to a radio-frequency signal lightning electromagnetic pulse protection device.
Background
The lightning electromagnetic pulse is a strong transient electromagnetic pulse generated along with lightning and is the most serious natural electromagnetic interference source. The lightning electromagnetic pulse generated in the moment of lightning discharge has the characteristics of large steepness, large peak current, strong electric field, long response time, low frequency spectrum coverage starting point, relatively narrow frequency band (100 Hz-100 MHz), huge energy and the like, and can easily induce strong induced overcurrent and overvoltage on an antenna, an overhead power grid, an exposed interconnection cable, a buried cable or bare metal, so that damages such as voltage and current surge, high voltage breakdown, transient strong electromagnetic pulse radiation and the like are generated, serious lightning electromagnetic pulse intrusion is generated on large-scale wireless equipment facility systems exposed outdoors for a long time, particularly on a large number of radio frequency coaxial key components, and serious threat or fatal damage is formed on modern electric and electronic equipment with various sensitive semiconductors; thereby affecting the function, reliability and service life of equipment and systems and even endangering the safety of equipment and personnel. The surge overcurrent or surge overvoltage generated on the transmission line by the lightning electromagnetic pulse is collectively called lightning surge, also called inductive lightning. Lightning stroke is a small probability big event, and more than 90 percent of lightning stroke accidents are caused by induction thunder, namely lightning electromagnetic pulse due to lack of effective protective measures.
At present, as various short-wave, ultra-high-frequency and microwave band wireless equipment and facilities are widely applied to engineering application fields such as artificial intelligence equipment, scientific research, external air exploration, national defense construction, national security defense, satellite navigation, wireless communication and the like, the transceiving systems of various wireless equipment and facilities are placed in a complex electromagnetic environment. The wireless transceiving system equipment, particularly the antenna and the coaxial feeder are exposed outside the equipment, so that the equipment is extremely easy to be invaded by various lightning electromagnetic pulses, and the lightning surge is introduced into the transceiving system through the antenna and the feeder to cause damage to key sensitive equipment in the system, so that the normal work of wireless equipment and equipment is influenced. In various systems connected by rf coaxial transmission lines, the bandwidth of rf coaxial line operation is usually DC to the highest cut-off operating frequency. And the 90% energy distribution of the lightning electromagnetic pulse and the lightning surge is also in the frequency spectrum range of DC to 10MHz, so that the radio frequency coaxial transmission line is extremely easy to be disturbed and damaged by the lightning electromagnetic pulse and the lightning surge.
The lightning electromagnetic pulse belongs to slow-edge electromagnetic pulse, the protection technology related to the lightning electromagnetic pulse and the lightning surge is researched most, and the technology and the engineering practice are relatively rich and mature. Most of the technologies and engineering applications are developed for protection of a power supply system, most of radio frequency coaxial systems are limited in a single Gas Discharge Tube (GDT) and a Quarter Wavelength Stub (QWS) technology, and the protection technology of the GDT has the defects of low response speed, high residual voltage, poor reliability, high maintenance cost and the like; the QWS protection technology has improved response speed and residual voltage, but has narrow working bandwidth and high application cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a lightning electromagnetic pulse protection device for radio-frequency signals, which has the characteristics of wide working frequency band, high response speed, low residual voltage, high reliability and the like.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a radio-frequency signal lightning electromagnetic pulse protection device comprises a metal body, a radio-frequency input port and a radio-frequency output port, wherein the radio-frequency input port and the radio-frequency output port are arranged on two sides of the metal body, a cavity is formed in the metal body, a lightning protection circuit is arranged in the cavity and comprises an eleventh blocking capacitor C11, an eleventh inductor L11, a twelfth inductor L12, a thirteenth inductor L13, a first gas discharge tube G1 and an eleventh transient suppression diode TVS11, one end of the eleventh inductor L11 is connected with one end of the eleventh blocking capacitor C11 and serves as an input end J1 of the lightning protection circuit and is connected with the radio-frequency input port, the other end of the eleventh inductor L11 is connected with one end of the first gas discharge tube G1 and one end of the twelfth inductor L12, the other end of the twelfth inductor L12 is connected with one end of the eleventh transient suppression diode TVS11 and one end of the thirteenth inductor L13, the other end of the thirteenth inductor L13 is connected with the other end of the eleventh blocking capacitor C11 and serves as an output end J2 of the lightning protection circuit and is connected with the radio-frequency output port, and the other ends of the first gas discharge tube G1 and the eleventh transient suppression diode TVS11 are connected with the metal body.
By adopting the technical scheme, the transient suppression diode is used for secondary protection, the response speed is increased, and the response speed is in picosecond level, so that the reliability of various radio frequency links is improved, and the invasion and impact of lightning electromagnetic pulses and lightning surges on key parts or equipment on the radio frequency links can be effectively prevented.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the lightning protection circuit further comprises a twelfth transient suppression diode TVS12, and the other end of the first gas discharge tube G1 is connected in series with the twelfth transient suppression diode TVS12 and then connected with the metal body.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, establish ties with transient state suppression diode with gas discharge tube, solve gas discharge tube's afterflow problem, more help improving gas discharge tube's the ability of putting out arc simultaneously to improve whole protector's reliability and practicality.
The invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the gas discharge tube structure further comprises a grounding conductor plate fixed on the inner wall of the cavity, and the other end of the first gas discharge tube G1 and the other end of the eleventh transient suppression diode TVS11 are connected with the grounding conductor plate.
By adopting the technical scheme, the grounding conductor plate is composed of the whole conductors such as the brass tin plate and the circuit board connected with the metalized via hole, the grounding conductor plate is fixed on the inner wall of the cavity by the metal screw to form good grounding, and the grounding end of the lightning protection circuit is pulled down to the grounding conductor plate to form a grounding discharge channel.
The invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the metal grounding screw hole is formed in the metal body or the metal cover plate.
By adopting the technical scheme, the protective device has the advantages of compact structure, good sealing performance, good shielding performance and the like, can be flexibly and reliably installed on various electronic and electrical equipment and facilities, and can improve the electromagnetic shielding performance and the grounding performance of the protective device.
The invention provides a radio-frequency signal lightning electromagnetic pulse protection device in a better example, which comprises a metal body, a radio-frequency input port and a radio-frequency output port, wherein the radio-frequency input port and the radio-frequency output port are arranged on two sides of the metal body, the metal body is provided with a cavity, a lightning protection circuit is arranged in the cavity, the lightning protection circuit comprises a twenty-first blocking capacitor C21, a twenty-first inductor L21, a twenty-second inductor L22, a twenty-third inductor L23, a twenty-fourth inductor L24, a second gas discharge tube G2, a twenty-first transient suppression diode TVS21 and a twenty-third transient suppression diode TVS23, one end of the twenty-first inductor L21 is connected with one end of the twenty-first blocking capacitor C21 to serve as an input end J1 of the lightning protection circuit and is connected with the radio-frequency input port, the other end of the twenty-first inductor L21 is connected with one end of the second gas discharge tube G2 and one end of the twenty-second inductor L22, the other end of the twenty-second inductor L22 is connected with one end of the twenty-third transient suppression diode TVS23 and the other end of the twenty-fourth inductor L21 is connected with one end of the radio-fourth inductor TVS23, and the other end of the twenty-third transient suppression diode TVS23 are connected with the other end of the radio-fourth inductor TVS23, and the other end of the radio-fourth inductor TVS 21.
By adopting the technical scheme, the transient suppression diode is used for three-level protection, the response speed is increased, and the response speed is in picosecond level, so that the reliability of various radio frequency links is improved, and the invasion and impact of lightning electromagnetic pulses and lightning surges on key parts or equipment on the radio frequency links can be effectively prevented.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the lightning protection circuit further comprises a twenty-second transient suppression diode TVS22, and the other end of the second gas discharge tube G2 is connected in series with the twenty-second transient suppression diode TVS22 and then connected with the metal body.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, establish ties with transient state suppression diode with gas discharge tube, solve gas discharge tube's afterflow problem, more help improving gas discharge tube's the ability of putting out arc simultaneously to improve whole protector's reliability and practicality.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the gas discharge tube structure is characterized by further comprising a grounding conductor plate fixed on the inner wall of the cavity, wherein the other end of the second gas discharge tube G2, the other end of the twenty-first transient suppression diode TVS21 and the other end of the twenty-third transient suppression diode TVS23 are connected with the grounding conductor plate.
By adopting the technical scheme, the grounding conductor plate is composed of the whole conductors such as the brass tin plate and the circuit board connected with the metalized via hole, the grounding conductor plate is fixed on the inner wall of the cavity by the metal screw to form good grounding, and the grounding end of the lightning protection circuit is pulled down to the grounding conductor plate to form a grounding discharge channel.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the metal grounding screw hole is formed in the metal body or the metal cover plate.
By adopting the technical scheme, the protective device has the advantages of compact structure, good sealing performance, good shielding performance and the like, can be flexibly and reliably installed on various electronic and electrical equipment and facilities, and can improve the electromagnetic shielding performance and the grounding performance of the protective device.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the side wall of one side, in which the twenty-first blocking capacitor C21 is arranged, of the cavity is a circular arc-shaped side wall.
By adopting the technical scheme, the arc-shaped side wall is arc-shaped, right-angle arc-shaped, oval or elliptical, and the like, so that the right-angle arc and the arc-shaped cavity are well machined from the aspects of difficulty, cost and manufacturability of mechanical machining, and are stable to the working frequency below 1 GHz.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: and a first inner cylinder counter bore and a second inner cylinder counter bore are symmetrically arranged on the circular arc-shaped side wall.
By adopting the technical scheme, when the working frequency is higher than 1GHz and the bandwidth is higher than 2GHz, the radio frequency performance starts to be unstable, the radio frequency performance parameters meeting the technical requirements are difficult to allocate, and resonance and self-excitation are easy to realize; therefore, the inner cylinder counter bores with the radius of R are symmetrically formed in the wall surface of the arc-shaped side wall 11, the resonance condition is avoided by changing the structure of the cavity, the problem of parasitic parameter resonance self-excitation of the cavity and each device is solved, the stability of the radio frequency performance can be improved when the working frequency is higher than 1GHz and the bandwidth is higher than 2GHz, and the radio frequency cavity is suitable for all working frequency bands below 6 GHz.
In summary, the invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the transient suppression diode is used for multi-stage protection, the response speed is increased, and the response speed is in the picosecond level, so that the reliability of various radio frequency links is improved, and the invasion and impact of lightning electromagnetic pulses and lightning surges on key parts or equipment on the radio frequency links can be effectively prevented;
2. the gas discharge tube is connected with the transient suppression diode in series, so that the problem of follow current of the gas discharge tube is solved, and the arc quenching capability of the gas discharge tube is improved, so that the reliability and the practicability of the whole protection device are improved;
3. the push-pull action of the series multistage inductors is utilized to push various strong transient electromagnetic pulse energy absorption devices to act and cooperate sequentially, harmful energy is discharged thoroughly, the surge low potential voltage limiting of a radio frequency link transmission line (like between an axis core and the ground) is realized, and the fine protection of key parts on the radio frequency link is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a lightning protection circuit according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a lightning protection circuit according to another embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a lightning protection circuit of another embodiment of the invention being biased.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a lightning protection circuit according to yet another embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a lightning protection circuit according to yet another embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a protection device according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a lightning protection circuit of yet another embodiment of the invention being biased.
In the figure, 1, a metal body, 11, a circular arc-shaped side wall, 111, a first inner cylinder counter bore, 112, a second inner cylinder counter bore, 12, a left side wall, 13, a left side wall, 14, a right side wall, 2, a radio frequency input port, 3, a radio frequency output port, 4 and a grounding conductor plate.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
The invention is implemented according to the actual conditions of various typical radio equipment and facilities in order to meet the requirements that various radio frequency links and systems of the radio equipment can work uninterruptedly in complex and severe electromagnetic environments and can effectively prevent the intrusion and damage of lightning electromagnetic pulses and lightning surges.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a radio frequency signal lightning electromagnetic pulse protection device, including a metal body, and a radio frequency input port and a radio frequency output port that are disposed on two sides of the metal body, where the metal body is provided with a cavity, a lightning protection circuit is disposed in the cavity, the lightning protection circuit includes an eleventh blocking capacitor C11, an eleventh inductor L11, a twelfth inductor L12, a thirteenth inductor L13, a first gas discharge tube G1, and an eleventh transient suppression diode TVS11, one end of the eleventh inductor L11 is connected to one end of the eleventh blocking capacitor C11 as an input terminal J1 of the lightning protection circuit and is connected to the radio frequency input port, the other end of the eleventh inductor L11 is connected to one end of the first gas discharge tube G1 and one end of the twelfth inductor L12, the other end of the twelfth inductor L12 is connected to one end of the eleventh transient suppression diode TVS11 and one end of the thirteenth inductor L13, the other end of the thirteenth inductor L13 is connected to the other end of the eleventh blocking capacitor C11 as an output terminal J2 of the lightning protection circuit and is connected to the radio frequency output port, and the other end of the eleventh transient suppression diode TVS11 is connected to the radio frequency output port.
Preferably, the plasma display panel further includes a grounding conductor plate fixed to the inner wall of the cavity, the connection between the other end of the first gas discharge tube G1 and the other end of the eleventh transient suppression diode TVS11 and the metal body is disconnected, and the other end of the first gas discharge tube G1 and the other end of the eleventh transient suppression diode TVS11 are connected to the grounding conductor plate. The grounding conductor plate is composed of a whole conductor such as a brass tin plate and a circuit board connected with a metalized through hole, and the grounding conductor plate is fixed on the inner bottom surface of the cavity by a metal screw to form good grounding, and a grounding end of the lightning protection circuit is pulled down to the grounding conductor plate to form a grounding discharge channel.
Preferably, a twelfth filter capacitor C12 is further connected in parallel to two ends of the first gas discharge tube G1, a thirteenth filter capacitor C13 is further connected in parallel to two ends of the eleventh transient suppression diode TVS11, and the twelfth filter capacitor C12 and the thirteenth filter capacitor C13 are used for realizing a limiting effect on a pulse voltage spike.
Referring to fig. 2, another embodiment of the present invention provides a radio frequency signal lightning electromagnetic pulse protection device, including a metal body, and a radio frequency input port and a radio frequency output port that are disposed on two sides of the metal body, where the metal body is provided with a cavity, a lightning protection circuit is disposed in the cavity, the lightning protection circuit includes an eleventh blocking capacitor C11, an eleventh inductor L11, a twelfth inductor L12, a thirteenth inductor L13, a first gas discharge tube G1, an eleventh transient suppression diode TVS11, and a twelfth transient suppression diode TVS12, one end of the eleventh inductor L11 is connected to one end of the eleventh blocking capacitor C11 as an input terminal J1 of the lightning protection circuit and is connected to the radio frequency input port, the other end of the eleventh inductor L11 is connected to one end of the first gas discharge tube G1 and one end of the twelfth inductor L12, the other end of the twelfth inductor L12 is connected to one end of the eleventh transient suppression diode TVS11 and one end of the thirteenth inductor L13, the other end of the thirteenth inductor L13 is connected to the other end of the eleventh blocking capacitor C11 as an output terminal of the lightning protection circuit and is connected to the twelfth transient suppression diode TVS12, and the other end of the twelfth transient suppression diode is connected to the output terminal J2 of the lightning protection circuit and is connected to the twelfth transient suppression diode TVS 12.
Preferably, a twelfth filter capacitor C12 is further connected in parallel to two ends of the first gas discharge tube G1 and the twelfth transient suppression diode TVS12, a thirteenth filter capacitor C13 is further connected in parallel to two ends of the eleventh transient suppression diode TVS11, and the twelfth filter capacitor C12 and the thirteenth filter capacitor C13 are used for achieving a limiting effect on a pulse voltage spike.
Preferably, the transient suppression circuit further includes a grounding conductor plate fixed to the inner wall of the cavity, the connection between the other end of the twelfth transient suppression diode TVS12 and the other end of the eleventh transient suppression diode TVS11 and the metal body is disconnected, and the other end of the twelfth transient suppression diode TVS12 and the other end of the eleventh transient suppression diode TVS11 are connected to the grounding conductor plate. The grounding conductor plate is composed of a whole conductor such as a brass tin plate and a circuit board connected with a metalized through hole, and the grounding conductor plate is fixed on the inner bottom surface of the cavity by a metal screw to form good grounding, and a grounding end of the lightning protection circuit is pulled down to the grounding conductor plate to form a grounding discharge channel.
The metal grounding screw hole is formed in the metal body or the metal cover plate.
Referring to fig. 3, one end of the thirteenth inductor L13 is disconnected from one end of the eleventh transient suppression diode TVS11 and the other end of the twelfth inductor L12, and one end of the thirteenth inductor L13 is directly pulled down to the metal body or pulled down to the ground conductor plate to be connected to ground, so as to form a two-stage bias protection circuit structure.
Referring to fig. 4, a further embodiment of the present invention provides a radio frequency signal lightning electromagnetic pulse protection device, which includes a metal body 1, and a radio frequency input port 2 and a radio frequency output port 3 that are disposed on two sides of the metal body 1, where the metal body 1 is provided with a cavity, a lightning protection circuit is disposed in the cavity, the lightning protection circuit includes a twenty-first blocking capacitor C21, a twenty-first inductor L21, a twenty-second inductor L22, a twenty-third inductor L23, a twenty-fourth inductor L24, a second gas discharge tube G2, a twenty-first transient suppression diode TVS21, and a twenty-third transient suppression diode TVS23, one end of the twenty-first inductor L21 is connected to one end of the twenty-first blocking capacitor C21 as an input terminal J1 of the lightning protection circuit and is connected to the radio frequency input port 2, the other end of the twenty-first inductor L21 is connected to one end of the second gas discharge tube G2 and one end of the twenty-second inductor L22, the other end of the twenty-second inductor L22 is connected to one end of the twenty-third transient suppression diode TVS23 and one end of the second transient diode TVS23, and the other end of the twenty-fourth inductor L24 is connected to the other end of the radio frequency output port of the twenty-third transient suppression diode TVS23, and the second transient diode.
Preferably, a twenty-second filter capacitor C22 is further connected in parallel to two ends of the second gas discharge tube G2, a twenty-third filter capacitor C23 is further connected in parallel to two ends of the twenty-first transient suppression diode TVS21, and the twenty-second filter capacitor C22 and the twenty-third filter capacitor C23 are used for realizing a limiting effect on a pulse voltage spike.
Preferably, the grounding conductor plate 4 is fixed on the inner wall of the cavity, the other end of the second gas discharge tube G2, the other end of the twenty-first transient suppression diode TVS21 and the other end of the twenty-third transient suppression diode TVS23 are disconnected with the metal body 1, and the other end of the second gas discharge tube G2, the other end of the twenty-first transient suppression diode TVS21 and the other end of the twenty-third transient suppression diode TVS23 are connected with the grounding conductor plate 4. The grounding conductor plate 4 is composed of a whole conductor such as a brass tin plate and a circuit board connected with a metalized via hole, and is fixed on the inner bottom surface of the cavity by a metal screw to form good grounding, and the grounding end of the lightning protection circuit (namely, the other end of the second gas discharge tube G2, the other end of the twenty-first transient suppression diode TVS21 and the other end of the twenty-third transient suppression diode TVS 23) is pulled down to the grounding conductor plate to form a grounding leakage channel.
Referring to fig. 5 and 6, a lightning electromagnetic pulse protection device for radio frequency signals according to another embodiment of the present invention includes a metal body 1, and a radio frequency input port 2 and a radio frequency output port 3 disposed at two sides of the metal body 1, the metal body 1 is provided with a cavity, a lightning protection circuit is arranged in the cavity, the lightning protection circuit comprises a twenty-first blocking capacitor C21, a twenty-first inductor L21, a twenty-second inductor L22, a twenty-third inductor L23, a twenty-fourth inductor L24, a second gas discharge tube G2, a twenty-first transient suppression diode TVS21, a twenty-second transient suppression diode TVS22 and a twenty-third transient suppression diode TVS23, one end of the twenty-first inductor L21 is connected with one end of the twenty-first blocking capacitor C21 to serve as the input end J1 of the lightning protection circuit and connected with the radio frequency input port 2, the other end of the twenty-first inductor L21 is connected to one end of the second gas discharge tube G2 and one end of the twenty-second inductor L22, the other end of the twenty-second inductor L22 is connected to one end of the twenty-third transient suppression diode TVS23 and one end of the twenty-fourth inductor L24, the other end of the twenty-fourth inductor L24 is connected to one end of the twenty-first transient suppression diode TVS21 and one end of the twenty-third inductor L23, the other end of the twenty-third inductor L23 is connected with the other end of the twenty-first blocking capacitor C21 to serve as the output end J2 of the lightning protection circuit and is connected with the radio frequency output port 3, the other end of the second gas discharge tube G2 is connected to one end of the twenty-second transient suppression diode TVS22, the other end of the twenty-second transient suppression diode TVS22, the other end of the twenty-first transient suppression diode TVS21 and the other end of the twenty-third transient suppression diode TVS23 are connected to the metal body 1.
Preferably, a twenty-second filter capacitor C22 is further connected in parallel across the second gas discharge tube G2 and the twenty-second transient suppression diode TVS22, a twenty-third filter capacitor C23 is further connected in parallel across the twenty-first transient suppression diode TVS21, and the twenty-second filter capacitor C22 and the twenty-third filter capacitor C23 are used for realizing a limiting effect on a pulse voltage spike.
Preferably, the ground conductor plate 4 is fixed on the inner wall of the cavity, the second transient suppression diode TVS22, the first transient suppression diode TVS21 and the third transient suppression diode TVS23 are disconnected from the metal body 1, and the second transient suppression diode TVS22, the first transient suppression diode TVS21 and the third transient suppression diode TVS23 are connected to the ground conductor plate 4. The grounding conductor plate 4 is composed of a whole conductor such as a brass tin plate and a circuit board connected with a metalized via hole, and is fixed on the inner bottom surface of the cavity by a metal screw to form good grounding, and a grounding end of the lightning protection circuit (namely, the other end of the twenty-second transient suppression diode TVS22, the other end of the twenty-first transient suppression diode TVS21 and the other end of the twenty-third transient suppression diode TVS 23) is pulled down to the grounding conductor plate to form a grounding leakage channel.
The metal grounding screw hole is formed in the metal body or the metal cover plate.
The inner side wall of the cavity is smooth and vertical to the bottom surface of the cavity and the metal cover plate through circular arc transition, the left side face and the right side face (a left side wall 13 and a right side wall 14) of the cavity are parallel, the upper side face and the lower side face (a circular arc side wall 11 and an upper side wall 12) of the cavity can be circular arcs, right-angle circular arcs, oval shapes or ellipses, particularly the lower side wall (the circular arc side wall 11) at one end of the radio frequency coupling stopping path, the right-angle circular arcs and the circular arc type cavity are well processed in the aspects of difficulty, cost and manufacturability of mechanical processing, and are stable under the working frequency of 1GHz, but when the working frequency is higher than 1GHz and the bandwidth is higher than 2GHz, the radio frequency performance is unstable, the radio frequency performance parameters meeting the technical requirements are difficult to allocate, and resonance and self-excitation are easy. Therefore, the wall surface of the lower side wall (the circular arc-shaped side wall 11) at the end provided with the radio frequency coupling blocking passage is symmetrically provided with two inner cylinder counter bores (a first inner cylinder counter bore 111 and a second inner cylinder counter bore 112) with the radius of R, the resonance condition is avoided by changing the cavity structure, the stability of the radio frequency performance can be improved when the working frequency is higher than 1GHz and the bandwidth is higher than 2GHz, and the radio frequency coupling blocking passage is suitable for all working frequency bands below 6 GHz. The upper side wall 12 also adopts a right-angle circular arc, so that the short circuit failure of a product caused by the fact that the device lead of the lightning protection circuit touches the inner wall surface of the cavity can be avoided.
The rf coupling blocking path, the twenty-first inductor L21, and the twenty-fourth inductor L24 are connected to the metal cavity 1 to form a circuit with the minimum parasitic parameter and the optimal rf performance parameter, and the internal structure of the cavity is matched with each device to achieve excellent rf performance parameters, such as a wide operating frequency band (over 2 GHz), a small standing wave coefficient (VSWR ≦ 1.2.
Two sides of the cavity are provided with 50 ohm radio frequency input and output ports (a radio frequency input port 2 and a radio frequency output port 3) which can be connected with various radio frequency connectors. A waterproof groove for placing an O-shaped waterproof conductive rubber ring is arranged at a fixed position of a joint surface of the 50-ohm radio frequency input/output port and the metal cavity 1, the O-shaped waterproof conductive rubber ring can be fixed with the metal cavity by adopting a flange fixing, extruding close-fit crimping or thread matching process, and a waterproof design is also adopted between the metal cavity and the metal cover plate. Therefore, the protective device has the advantages of compact structure, simplicity, convenience, good sealing performance, good shielding performance and the like, and can be flexibly and reliably installed and grounded on various electronic and electrical equipment and facilities.
The inductors on the surge relief path (namely the twenty-first inductor L21, the twenty-second inductor L22, the twenty-third inductor L23 and the twenty-fourth inductor L24) can prevent the lightning surge from propagating along the surge relief path and play a role in high-frequency choke and voltage push-pull, and have the functions of delaying the transmission of the lightning electromagnetic pulse and the lightning surge and changing the steepness of the wave head. In this embodiment, the second gas discharge tube G2 and the twenty-second transient suppression diode TVS22 form a first-stage protection unit, the twenty-third transient suppression diode TVS23 forms a second-stage protection unit, the twenty-first transient suppression diode TVS21 forms a third-stage protection unit, and each stage of protection unit has different response speeds and starting voltages for pulse surge overcurrent induced by different energy levels and different transient strong electromagnetic pulses; the first-stage protection unit has the slowest response speed, but the highest starting voltage and the largest leakage flow, the second-stage protection unit has the fast response speed, the centered starting voltage and leakage flow, and the third-stage protection unit has the fastest response speed, the lowest starting voltage and the smallest leakage flow. The action sequence of each stage of protection unit is regulated and controlled by corresponding choke inductance.
Referring to fig. 7, one end of the twenty-third inductor L23 is disconnected from one end of the twenty-first transient suppression diode TVS21 and the other end of the twenty-fourth inductor L24, and one end of the twenty-third inductor L23 is directly pulled down to the metal body 1 or the ground conductor plate 4 and connected to ground, so as to form a three-stage bias protection circuit structure.
The radio frequency coupling isolation direct connection path is composed of a twenty-first isolation capacitor C21 and a 50-ohm radio frequency input/output port and is used for blocking low-frequency lightning electromagnetic pulses and lightning surges from being transmitted to the radio frequency output port 3. The twenty-first inductor L21, the twenty-second inductor L22, the twenty-first blocking capacitor C21 and the metal cavity form a radio frequency selective resonant network, so as to determine the basic operating frequency band and bandwidth of the protection device, and the distribution parameters of the discrete components of the three-stage protection unit and the radio frequency selective resonant network together determine the radio frequency performance of the protection device.
The input end J1 of the lightning protection circuit can be a tail extension line of the center line of the radio frequency input port 2, and the input end J2 of the lightning protection circuit can be a tail extension line of the center line of the radio frequency output port 3.
The protection device can protect the intrusion and impact of lightning electromagnetic pulse and lightning surge on key parts on a radio frequency link. When the radio frequency link is disturbed by thunder electromagnetic pulse and thunder surge, transient surge overcurrent or overvoltage can be induced under the action of the inductance of the radio frequency transmission conductor. When the lightning surge overcurrent exists on the radio frequency input port 2, the twenty-first inductor L21 has a push-pull effect on the induced pulse surge overvoltage of the high-frequency component of the lightning surge pulse, so that a certain delay buffering effect is realized on the transmission of the lightning surge overcurrent. When the lightning electromagnetic pulse and the lightning surge are transmitted along the surge relief channel, the instantaneous surge current (or voltage) induced at different positions and different moments in time is different. When the leading edge amplitude of surge overvoltage is in the first-stage protection unit and the second-stage protection unit, if the leading edge amplitude is small enough and the first-stage protection unit and the second-stage protection unit cannot be started, the first-stage protection unit and the second-stage protection unit do not act; when reaching the third-level protection unit, the twenty-first transient suppression diode TVS21 has the lowest starting voltage and the fastest response speed, the twenty-first transient suppression diode TVS21 of the third-level protection unit is started by the surge overvoltage induced by the electromagnetic pulse, and the surge current is discharged to the ground after the twenty-first transient suppression diode TVS21 is conducted; pulse surge current flows between the radio frequency input port 2 and the third-stage protection unit, so that the voltage of the third-stage protection unit is clamped at the characteristic clamping voltage potential of the twenty-first transient suppression diode TVS21, the potential of the second-stage protection unit quickly reaches the conducting starting voltage of the twenty-third transient suppression diode TVS23 under the push-pull action of the twenty-fourth inductor L24, and the second-stage protection unit immediately discharges the current with medium energy level at the leading edge part of the pulse surge overcurrent to the ground; similarly, on the basis of the potential of the second-stage protection unit, under the push-pull action of the twenty-second inductor L22, the potential of the first-stage protection unit quickly reaches the conduction starting voltage of the second gas discharge tube G2 and the twenty-second transient suppression diode TVS22, and the first-stage protection unit starts to discharge the pulse surge overcurrent of a large energy level, so that the discharge and suppression work of the pulse surge overcurrent is completed. The three-stage protection unit regulates the ground pulse surge current bleeder devices through choke inductors (namely a twenty-first inductor L21, a twenty-second inductor L22, a twenty-third inductor L23 and a twenty-fourth inductor L24) at all stages, and the three-stage protection unit cooperates with the sequential actions to complete the suppression, protection and suppression work of strong lightning electromagnetic pulse and lightning surge. When the final part of residual surge voltage reaches the radio frequency output port 3, the surge overvoltage potential level is the clamping voltage of the third-level protection circuit, the filter capacitors (the twenty-second filter capacitor C22 and the twenty-third filter capacitor C23) can achieve the effect of limiting the peak of the pulse voltage in a transient state, the lightning surge path is a transmission channel of strong lightning electromagnetic pulse energy, and through the three-level protection circuit, the surge absorption and suppression devices which are pulled down to the ground are matched to rapidly release the lightning surge energy, so that the fine protection effect on the key equipment at the rear end of the radio frequency output port 3 is achieved. The twenty-first transient suppression diode TVS21, the twenty-second transient suppression diode TVS22 and the twenty-third transient suppression diode TVS23 realize the above functions by selecting transient suppression diodes with different parameters, and different parameters can be selected according to different working voltages.
The inductors at all levels in the protection device are hollow inductors or magnetic core inductors, wherein the twenty-first inductor L21 and the twenty-fourth inductor L24 are close to an input port and an output port of lightning surge, and the hollow inductors can play an obvious radio frequency choking role; the twenty-second inductor L22 and the twenty-third inductor L23 which play a role in push-pull between each stage of protection circuit adopt magnetic core inductors, and push-pull voltage of a proper point can be generated to match the opening action of the protection devices in each stage of protection circuit.
The devices of the lightning protection circuit are all installed on a ground conductor plate formed by metal conductors according to the connection sequence and are assembled on the bottom surface of the cavity to form a uniform ground plane, so that the influence of the parasitic stray parameters of the ground on the circuit performance is reduced.
The protection device is connected in series on the radio frequency coaxial chain to play a role in protecting the rear-end radio frequency equipment from thunder electromagnetic pulse and thunder surge, and is suitable for being connected in series on the coaxial chain to protect. The invention also applies to the application condition of board level module and circuit level module, that is, the protection device of the invention can be directly embedded into the radio frequency equipment in the form of module, or be individually embedded into the radio frequency board level module circuit as the protection circuit, and the corresponding shielding and measures are well done to play the protection role and obtain the same protection effect.
The lightning electromagnetic pulse and lightning surge suppression circuits and the choke inductors can select different parameters according to different working voltages and radio frequency transmission working voltages, and have the characteristics of free combination, reconstruction, replacement and the like.
The lightning surge protection performance of the protection device meets related technical standards, and through related tests and experimental verification, the technical problem of comprehensive protection of lightning electromagnetic pulses and lightning surges at coaxial key parts on radio frequency links of various related wireless equipment and facilities can be solved, and the actual engineering requirements can be met.
Claims (4)
1. A lightning electromagnetic pulse protection device for radio-frequency signals comprises a metal body (1), a radio-frequency input port (2) and a radio-frequency output port (3) which are arranged on two sides of the metal body (1), it is characterized in that the metal body (1) is provided with a cavity, a lightning protection circuit is arranged in the cavity, the lightning protection circuit comprises a twenty-first blocking capacitor C21, a twenty-first inductor L21, a twenty-second inductor L22, a twenty-third inductor L23, a twenty-fourth inductor L24, a second gas discharge tube G2, a twenty-first transient suppression diode TVS21 and a twenty-third transient suppression diode TVS23, one end of the twenty-first inductor L21 is connected with one end of the twenty-first blocking capacitor C21 to serve as the input end J1 of the lightning protection circuit and is connected with the radio frequency input port (2), the other end of the twenty-first inductor L21 is connected to one end of the second gas discharge tube G2 and one end of the twenty-second inductor L22, the other end of the twenty-second inductor L22 is connected to one end of the twenty-third transient suppression diode TVS23 and one end of the twenty-fourth inductor L24, the other end of the twenty-fourth inductor L24 is connected to one end of the twenty-first transient suppression diode TVS21 and one end of the twenty-third inductor L23, the other end of the twenty-third inductor L23 is connected with the other end of the twenty-first blocking capacitor C21 to serve as the output end J2 of the lightning protection circuit and is connected with the radio frequency output port (3), the other end of the second gas discharge tube G2, the other end of the twenty-first transient suppression diode TVS21 and the other end of the twenty-third transient suppression diode TVS23 are connected with the metal body (1);
the lightning protection circuit further comprises a twenty-second transient suppression diode TVS22, and the other end of the second gas discharge tube G2 is connected with the metal body (1) after being connected with the twenty-second transient suppression diode TVS22 in series;
the radio-frequency signal lightning electromagnetic pulse protection device further comprises a grounding conductor plate (4) fixed on the inner wall of the cavity, and the other end of the second gas discharge tube G2, the other end of the twenty-first transient suppression diode TVS21 and the other end of the twenty-third transient suppression diode TVS23 are connected with the grounding conductor plate (4);
the second gas discharge tube G2 and the twenty-second transient suppression diode TVS22 constitute a first-stage protection unit, the twenty-third transient suppression diode TVS23 constitutes a second-stage protection unit, and the twenty-first transient suppression diode TVS21 constitutes a third-stage protection unit; the response speed, the starting voltage and the leakage flow of the first-stage protection unit are all centered, and the response speed, the starting voltage and the leakage flow of the third-stage protection unit are the fastest, the starting voltage is the lowest and the leakage flow is the smallest;
when lightning surge overcurrent exists on the radio frequency input port (2), the twenty-first inductor L21 has a push-pull effect on induction pulse surge overvoltage of high-frequency components of lightning surge pulses, so that delay buffering of transmission of the lightning surge overcurrent is realized;
when the leading edge amplitude of the lightning surge overvoltage reaches the first-stage protection unit and the second-stage protection unit and the leading edge amplitude of the lightning surge overvoltage cannot turn on the first-stage protection unit and the second-stage protection unit, the first-stage protection unit and the second-stage protection unit do not act;
when the leading edge amplitude of the lightning surge overvoltage reaches the third-stage protection unit, turning on the twenty-first transient suppression diode TVS21 of the third-stage protection unit to conduct the twenty-first transient suppression diode TVS21, discharging the lightning surge overcurrent to the ground to enable the lightning surge overcurrent to flow between the radio frequency input port (2) and the third-stage protection unit, so that the voltage of the third-stage protection unit is clamped at the characteristic clamping voltage potential of the twenty-first transient suppression diode TVS21, and the potential of the second-stage protection unit reaches the turn-on voltage of the twenty-third transient suppression diode TVS23 through the push-pull action of the twenty-fourth inductor L24, and the second-stage protection unit discharges the current with the medium energy level of the leading edge part of the lightning surge overcurrent to the ground; based on the potential of the second-stage protection unit, through the push-pull action of the twenty-second inductor L22, the potential of the first-stage protection unit reaches the conduction turn-on voltage of the second gas discharge tube G2 and the twenty-second transient suppression diode TVS22, and the first-stage protection unit releases a large-energy-level lightning surge overcurrent.
2. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a metal cover plate and a metal grounding screw hole, wherein the metal cover plate covers the cavity to form a sealing structure, and the metal grounding screw hole is opened on the metal body or the metal cover plate.
3. The device for protecting a radio-frequency signal from lightning electromagnetic pulse according to claim 1, wherein the side wall of the chamber on the side where the twenty-first blocking capacitor C21 is arranged is a circular arc-shaped side wall (11).
4. The radio-frequency signal lightning electromagnetic pulse protection device according to claim 3, characterized in that the circular arc-shaped side wall (11) is symmetrically provided with a first inner cylindrical counterbore (111) and a second inner cylindrical counterbore (112).
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| CN104953573A (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2015-09-30 | 林争 | Special lightning protection device for villa |
| CN110556804A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-12-10 | 深圳市速联技术有限公司 | Radio frequency coaxial strong transient electromagnetic pulse comprehensive protection device |
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| JP2009508320A (en) * | 2005-09-14 | 2009-02-26 | リッテルフューズ，インコーポレイティド | Surge arrester with gas, activation compound, ignition stripe and method thereof |
| CN201001035Y (en) * | 2007-01-05 | 2008-01-02 | 深圳市麦克海鹏信电子有限公司 | RF lightning protection device |
| CN100508324C (en) * | 2007-06-01 | 2009-07-01 | 镇江通达电子有限公司 | Middle frequency feedback surge protector |
| CN102403702B (en) * | 2011-11-22 | 2013-11-06 | 中国舰船研究设计中心 | HF/VHF frequency-range ultra wide band electromagnetic pulse protection module |
| US10725185B2 (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2020-07-28 | Accord Ideation Private Limited | Sharing of a global navigation satellite system antenna with multiple global navigation satellite system receivers |
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| CN104953573A (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2015-09-30 | 林争 | Special lightning protection device for villa |
| CN110556804A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-12-10 | 深圳市速联技术有限公司 | Radio frequency coaxial strong transient electromagnetic pulse comprehensive protection device |
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