CN111404414B - Improved NPC three-level inverter - Google Patents
Improved NPC three-level inverter Download PDFInfo
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- CN111404414B CN111404414B CN202010161943.8A CN202010161943A CN111404414B CN 111404414 B CN111404414 B CN 111404414B CN 202010161943 A CN202010161943 A CN 202010161943A CN 111404414 B CN111404414 B CN 111404414B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
- H02M7/487—Neutral point clamped inverters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
- H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
- H02P27/14—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation with three or more levels of voltage
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Abstract
The invention relates to an improved NPC three-level inverter, wherein each bridge arm comprises six switching power devices, four freewheeling diodes and two clamping diodes. The anode of the first switching power device is defined as a first connection point, the cathode of the first switching power device is defined as a second connection point, and the first switching power device is connected with a first freewheeling diode in parallel; the second switching power device is similar to the fourth switching power device in branch; a fifth switching power device having an anode connected to the first connection point and a cathode connected to the second connection point; a sixth switching power device whose anode is connected to the fourth connection point and whose cathode is connected to the fifth connection point; a first clamping diode having a cathode connected to the second connection point and an anode defined as a sixth connection point; and a second clamping diode having a cathode connected to the sixth connection point and an anode connected to the fourth connection point.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to an inverter topology structure, in particular to an improved NPC three-level inverter.
Background art:
most of high-power motors adopt medium voltage, and particularly, one of the development directions of high-performance medium voltage frequency converters adopts a three-level inverter topology, and the three-level structure has many advantages, such as: the bus voltage born by each switching device is reduced, so that high-voltage and high-power output can be realized by using low-voltage-resistant devices; the increase of the number of the levels improves the output voltage waveform and reduces the harmonic distortion; relatively good voltage waveform can be obtained by using lower switching frequency, so that the switching loss is small and the efficiency is high; the output voltage change rate is low, and the electromagnetic compatibility of the device is improved.
Currently, a three-level inverter usually uses a diode to realize clamping, that is, a Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) three-level inverter is also called an NPC three-level inverter. Each bridge arm comprises four switching devices, four freewheeling diodes and two clamping diodes, and the NPC three-level inverter topology is implemented as follows, taking the switching device IGCT as an example, the anode of the first IGCT is defined as a first connection point, the cathode of the first IGCT is defined as a second connection point, and the first IGCT is connected with the first freewheeling diode in parallel; a second IGCT having an anode connected to the second connection point and a cathode defining a third connection point, the second IGCT being connected in parallel with a second freewheeling diode; a third IGCT having an anode connected to the third connection point and a cathode defining a fourth connection point, the third IGCT being connected in parallel with the third freewheeling diode; a fourth IGCT having its anode connected to the fourth connection point and its cathode defining a fifth connection point, the fourth IGCT being connected in parallel with the fourth freewheeling diode; a first clamping diode having a cathode connected to the second connection point and an anode defined as a sixth connection point; and a second clamping diode having a cathode connected to the sixth connection point and an anode connected to the fourth connection point. The power input positive bus is connected to the first connection point; the power input zero bus is connected to the sixth connection point; the power input negative bus bar is connected to the fifth connection point. Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a one-phase bridge arm topology of an NPC three-level inverter. For convenience of comparison, the three-level inverter topology is hereinafter referred to as NPC three-level inverter topology.
The topological structure of the NPC three-level inverter has a problem that the switching devices generate unbalanced heat and have large temperature rise difference due to different time lengths of current flowing through the switching devices and diodes and different switching times of the switching devices during working, particularly the switching loss of the medium-voltage switching device adopted by the medium-voltage high-power three-level inverter is larger than the total loss of the switching devices, and when the inverter outputs higher fundamental wave frequency, the switching frequency of the switching devices is relatively higher, so that the problem of unbalanced heat of the switching devices is further aggravated. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the topology.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide an improved NPC three-level inverter which can reduce the problem of unbalanced heating of a switching Device and improve the output power of the inverter, and is called as 6SNPC (6 Switch Device and Neutral Point clamped). The technical scheme is as follows:
an improved NPC three-level inverter, each bridge arm comprising six power switching devices, four freewheeling diodes and two clamping diodes, wherein,
the anode of the first power switch device is defined as a first connection point, the cathode of the first power switch device is defined as a second connection point, and the first power switch device is connected with the first freewheeling diode in parallel;
a second power switch having an anode connected to the second connection point and a cathode defined as a third connection point, the second power switch being connected in parallel with the second freewheeling diode;
a third power switch device, an anode of which is connected to the third connection point and a cathode of which is defined as a fourth connection point, the third power switch device being connected in parallel with the third freewheeling diode;
a fourth power switch device, an anode of which is connected to the fourth connection point and a cathode of which is defined as a fifth connection point, the fourth power switch device being connected in parallel with the fourth freewheeling diode;
a fifth power switching device whose anode is connected to the first connection point and whose cathode is connected to the second connection point;
a sixth power switching device whose anode is connected to the fourth connection point and whose cathode is connected to the fifth connection point;
a first clamping diode having a cathode connected to the second connection point and an anode defined as a sixth connection point;
and a second clamping diode having a cathode connected to the sixth connection point and an anode connected to the fourth connection point.
Further, the power input positive bus is connected to the first connection point;
the power input zero bus is connected to the sixth connection point;
the power input negative bus bar is connected to the fifth connection point.
When the first power switch device and the second power switch device are simultaneously switched on, or the fifth power switch device and the second power switch device are simultaneously switched on, or the first power switch device, the second power switch device and the fifth power switch device are simultaneously switched on, the output voltage is positive bus voltage;
when the second power switch device and the third power switch device are simultaneously switched on, the output voltage is zero bus voltage;
when the third power switch device and the fourth power switch device are simultaneously switched on, or the third power switch device and the sixth power switch device are simultaneously switched on, or the third power switch device, the fourth power switch device and the sixth power switch device are simultaneously switched on, the output voltage is a negative bus voltage.
And one or more of the power switch devices IGCT, IGBT or IEGT.
Compared with the NPC three-level inverter topological structure, the 6SNPC three-level inverter topological structure provided by the invention has the following advantages:
when the three-level inverter works, the NPC clamping three-level inverter topological structure is adopted, and the loss of a switching device is unbalanced, so that the power output of the inverter is limited.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a block diagram of a three-level inverter topology for an NPC.
Fig. 2 the present invention proposes a 6SNPC three-level inverter topology structure diagram.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of phase voltage modulation wave and phase current waveform at power factor of 1 in a power frequency cycle.
Fig. 4 is a waveform of a circulation path of a current on a phase arm of a three-level inverter topology structure of an inverter in which a phase voltage modulation wave u is positive and an output voltage is positive and zero, illustrating loss characteristics of a switching device.
Fig. 5 is a comparison graph of temperature rise of each switching device of the NPC three-level inverter topology and the topology of the 6SNPC three-level inverter proposed by the present invention under the same working condition.
Fig. 6 illustrates waveforms of phase voltage and phase current inverted based on a topology structure diagram of a three-level inverter under different working conditions.
FIG. 7 is a comparison graph of device temperature rise of an NPC three-level inverter topology and a topology of a 6SNPC three-level inverter provided by the invention under different working conditions.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention aims at the problems of NPC three-level inverter topological structures, namely, the length of the time for each controllable power device and a diode to flow current is different, the switching times of each controllable power device are different during working, so that each power device generates heat unevenly, the temperature rise difference is large, a plurality of power devices are not fully utilized, and the output power of the whole device is influenced. The invention provides a novel three-level inverter topology structure. Each bridge arm is composed of six switching devices, four freewheeling diodes and two clamping diodes, and is referred to as a 6SNPC (6 Switch Device and Neutral Point Clamped, 6SNPC for short) three-level inverter topology.
The specific implementation is as follows, taking switching device IGCT as an example, a first IGCT, the anode of which is defined as a first connection point, the cathode of which is defined as a second connection point, the first IGCT is connected in parallel with a first freewheeling diode; a second IGCT having an anode connected to the second connection point and a cathode defining a third connection point, the second IGCT being connected in parallel with a second freewheeling diode; a third IGCT having an anode connected to the third connection point and a cathode defining a fourth connection point, the third IGCT being connected in parallel with the third freewheeling diode; a fourth IGCT having its anode connected to the fourth connection point and its cathode defining a fifth connection point, the fourth IGCT being connected in parallel with the fourth freewheeling diode; a fifth IGCT having its anode connected to the first connection point and its cathode connected to the second connection point; a sixth IGCT having its anode connected to the fourth connection point and its cathode connected to the fifth connection point; a first clamping diode having a cathode connected to the second connection point and an anode defined as a sixth connection point; and a second clamping diode having a cathode connected to the sixth connection point and an anode connected to the fourth connection point. The power input positive bus is connected to the first connection point; the power input zero bus is connected to the sixth connection point; the power input negative bus bar is connected to the fifth connection point.
When the first IGCT and the second IGCT two switching devices are simultaneously switched on, or the fifth IGCT and the second IGCT two switching devices are simultaneously switched on, or the first IGCT, the second IGCT and the fifth IGCT three switching devices are simultaneously switched on, the output voltage is positive bus voltage; when the second IGCT and the third IGCT are switched on simultaneously, the output voltage is zero bus voltage; when the third and fourth switching devices of the IGCT and the fourth IGCT are simultaneously turned on, or the third and sixth switching devices of the IGCT and the sixth IGCT are simultaneously turned on, or the third and fourth and sixth switching devices of the IGCT and the sixth IGCT are simultaneously turned on, the output voltage is a negative bus voltage.
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a three-level inverter one-phase bridge arm topology according to the present invention. For convenience of comparison, the three-level inverter topology proposed by the present invention is hereinafter referred to as a 6SNPC (6 Switch Device and Neutral Point Clamped, referred to as 6SNPC) three-level inverter topology.
The following is an explanation of the analysis of the loss of the switching device in the working process of the three-level inverter topology structure. Since the power factor of the high-power motor is high (equal to or greater than 0.9), the power factor cos phi is equal to 1, and fig. 3 shows a waveform diagram of the phase voltage modulation wave u and the phase current i in a power frequency period.
As shown in fig. 4, when the S1 and S2 switching devices are turned on, the output voltage is positive U +; when the S2 and S3 switching devices are turned on, the output voltage is zero U0; when the S3 and S4 switching devices are turned on, the output voltage is negative U-. When the phase voltage modulation wave u is positive, the output voltage is positive or zero according to a three-level pulse modulation mechanism, the output voltage state of the phase bridge arm of the inverter is switched between positive and zero, namely S2 is always in a switch-on state, and S1 and S3 are switched on in turn; meanwhile, the power factor cos Φ is 1, the load current is positive, and the load current flows out through S1 and S2 when the load current is in a positive state U ═ U +, and flows out through S2 and D5 when the load current is in a zero state U0. At this time, S1 has both conduction loss and switching loss, S2 has only conduction loss, and D5 has only conduction loss (since diode voltage drop is low, conduction loss is relatively small, so qualitative analysis is only performed for S1 and S2). Similarly, when the phase voltage modulation wave u is negative, S4 has both conduction loss and switching loss, S3 has only conduction loss, and the D6 diode has conduction loss.
Switching devices S5 and S6 are added in a 6SNPC three-level inverter topological structure, and S1 and S5 are connected in parallel in the working process and share the S1 loss in the original NPC three-level inverter topological structure; the S4 and the S6 are connected in parallel, S4 loss in the original NPC three-level inverter topological structure is borne together, imbalance of temperature rise of the power switching device can be effectively improved by adopting the 6SNPC three-level inverter topological structure, and output power of the inverter is improved.
Under the same operation condition, the NPC three-level inverter topological structure and the 6SNPC three-level inverter topological structure respectively carry out temperature rise comparative analysis on the three-phase medium-voltage inverter based on the three-level inverter topological structure of a medium-voltage device of a certain model, as shown in FIG. 5, the NPC three-level inverter topological structure is adopted, and the maximum temperature rise of the switching device is 72K; a6 SNPC three-level inverter topological structure is adopted, and the highest temperature rise of a switching device is 37K.
The above analysis shows that, compared with the existing NPC three-level inverter topology structure, the 6SNPC three-level inverter topology structure provided by the invention brings the following beneficial effects:
when the three-level inverter works, the NPC clamping three-level inverter topological structure is adopted, and the loss of a switching device is unbalanced, so that the power output of the inverter is limited.
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to simulation examples. The simulation three-phase three-level inverter respectively adopts an NPC three-level inverter topological structure and the 6SNPC three-level inverter topological structure provided by the invention, and the effectiveness and the practicability of the invention are verified by carrying out comparative analysis on the temperature rise of a switching device. The power input rectification voltage of the inverter is set to be DC +/-2500V, namely a positive bus voltage U < + > -2500V, a zero bus voltage U0 < + > -0V and a negative bus voltage U < - > -2500V, and the power input rectification voltage is outputEffective phase voltage value AC1700V, PWM modulation frequency 700Hz, power factor
Working condition 1: the NPC three-level inverter topology inverter outputs an effective phase current value 1400A, outputs a phase voltage and phase current waveform as shown in fig. 6(a), the 6SNPC topology inverter outputs an effective phase current value 2100A, outputs a phase voltage and phase current waveform as shown in fig. 6(b), and the NPC and 6SNPC three-level inverter topology inverter outputs a temperature rise ratio of each switching device as shown in fig. 7.
As can be seen in fig. 7, the output current effective value 1400A of the NPC three-level inverter topology inverter is 72K, and the maximum temperature rise of the inverter switching device is 72K; the invention provides an effective value 2100A of output current of a 6SNPC three-level inverter topological structure inverter, and the maximum temperature rise of a switching device of the inverter is 58K. The output power of the topology structure of the 6SNPC three-level inverter is 1.5 times of that of the topology structure of the NPC three-level inverter, and the maximum temperature rise of a switching device of the topology structure of the 6SNPC three-level inverter is reduced by 14 ℃ compared with that of the switching device of the topology structure of the NPC three-level inverter. Therefore, the topological structure of the 6SNPC three-level inverter provided by the invention effectively improves the output power of the inverter, increases the safety margin of the device, enhances the reliability of the inverter and reduces the cost of the inverter.
Claims (5)
1. An improved NPC three-level inverter, each bridge arm comprising six power switching devices, four freewheeling diodes and two clamping diodes, wherein,
the anode of the first power switch device is defined as a first connection point, the cathode of the first power switch device is defined as a second connection point, and the first power switch device is connected with the first freewheeling diode in parallel;
a second power switch device, the anode of which is connected to the second connection point and the cathode of which is defined as a third connection point, the second power switch device being connected in parallel with the second freewheeling diode;
a third power switch device, an anode of which is connected to the third connection point and a cathode of which is defined as a fourth connection point, the third power switch device being connected in parallel with the third freewheeling diode;
a fourth power switch device, an anode of which is connected to the fourth connection point and a cathode of which is defined as a fifth connection point, the fourth power switch device being connected in parallel with the fourth freewheeling diode;
a fifth power switching device whose anode is connected to the first connection point and whose cathode is connected to the second connection point;
a sixth power switching device whose anode is connected to the fourth connection point and whose cathode is connected to the fifth connection point;
a first clamping diode having a cathode connected to the second connection point and an anode defined as a sixth connection point;
a second clamping diode having a cathode connected to the sixth connection point and an anode connected to the fourth connection point;
when the first power switch device and the second power switch device are simultaneously switched on, or the fifth power switch device and the second power switch device are simultaneously switched on, or the first power switch device, the second power switch device and the fifth power switch device are simultaneously switched on, the output voltage is positive bus voltage;
when the second power switch device and the third power switch device are simultaneously switched on, the output voltage is zero bus voltage;
when the third power switch device and the fourth power switch device are simultaneously switched on, or the third power switch device and the sixth power switch device are simultaneously switched on, or the third power switch device, the fourth power switch device and the sixth power switch device are simultaneously switched on, the output voltage is a negative bus voltage.
2. The NPC three-level inverter of claim 1, wherein:
the power input positive bus is connected to the first connection point;
the power input zero bus is connected to the sixth connection point;
the power input negative bus bar is connected to the fifth connection point.
3. The NPC three-level inverter of claim 1, wherein: the power switch device is an IGCT.
4. The NPC three-level inverter of claim 1, wherein: the power switch device is an IGBT.
5. The NPC three-level inverter of claim 1, wherein: the power switch device is IEGT.
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US5621628A (en) * | 1995-06-13 | 1997-04-15 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Power converter |
| CN102055364A (en) * | 2009-11-10 | 2011-05-11 | 通用电气公司 | Operation of a three level converter |
| CN102141597A (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2011-08-03 | 天津电气传动设计研究所 | Power unit testing circuit for IGCT (integrated gate commutated thyristor) three-level medium voltage frequency converter |
| CN106655853A (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2017-05-10 | 艾默生网络能源有限公司 | Three-level inverter |
| CN109391166A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2019-02-26 | 华为数字技术（苏州）有限公司 | A kind of translation circuit, control method and power supply unit |
| TW202008698A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2020-02-16 | 國立勤益科技大學 | Tolerant control system of three-level neutral point clamped inverter and tolerant control method thereof |
-
2020
- 2020-03-10 CN CN202010161943.8A patent/CN111404414B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5621628A (en) * | 1995-06-13 | 1997-04-15 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Power converter |
| CN102055364A (en) * | 2009-11-10 | 2011-05-11 | 通用电气公司 | Operation of a three level converter |
| CN102141597A (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2011-08-03 | 天津电气传动设计研究所 | Power unit testing circuit for IGCT (integrated gate commutated thyristor) three-level medium voltage frequency converter |
| CN106655853A (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2017-05-10 | 艾默生网络能源有限公司 | Three-level inverter |
| CN109391166A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2019-02-26 | 华为数字技术（苏州）有限公司 | A kind of translation circuit, control method and power supply unit |
| TW202008698A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2020-02-16 | 國立勤益科技大學 | Tolerant control system of three-level neutral point clamped inverter and tolerant control method thereof |
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