CN110880821A - Rotor permanent magnet vernier motor with hybrid excitation - Google Patents
Rotor permanent magnet vernier motor with hybrid excitation Download PDFInfo
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- CN110880821A CN110880821A CN201911203772.4A CN201911203772A CN110880821A CN 110880821 A CN110880821 A CN 110880821A CN 201911203772 A CN201911203772 A CN 201911203772A CN 110880821 A CN110880821 A CN 110880821A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
- H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/18—Windings for salient poles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
Abstract
The invention discloses a hybrid excitation rotor permanent magnet vernier motor, and belongs to the field of motors. A rotor permanent magnetic vernier motor with mixed excitation is characterized in that a stator is sleeved outside a rotor, and an air gap is formed between the rotor and the stator; the stator comprises a stator core and a stator winding, the stator core comprises a stator yoke part, a first modulation tooth and a second modulation tooth, the end part of the first modulation tooth is provided with two split teeth, and the first modulation tooth and the second modulation tooth are connected with the stator yoke part and are alternately distributed on the circumference of the upper core; the width of the second modulation tooth is the same as that of the splitting tooth; each phase winding of the stator winding is connected in a single-tooth winding concentrated winding mode, and is wound on the split teeth at equal intervals; the stator winding is supplied with a direct current bias current. The motor topology fully utilizes the space of the inner cavity of the rotor, enhances the excitation magnetic field and the excitation action of direct current, and greatly improves the torque density; the distribution of magnetic load and electric load is flexibly adjusted by adopting direct current bias current, and the power factor of the motor can be better improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of motors, and particularly relates to a hybrid excitation rotor permanent magnet vernier motor.
Background
With the rapid development of new materials, new processes, power electronics, automatic control and other technologies, especially the mass production of high-performance permanent magnet materials represented by neodymium iron boron, permanent magnet motors exhibit excellent performances such as high torque density, high power density, high efficiency and the like, which are difficult to match in traditional motors such as induction motors, electro-magnetic synchronous motors and the like. Therefore, starting from the fundamental theory of electrical energy conversion, the research on the motor based on new topology and new principle is continuously carried out to realize the great improvement of the motor performance, especially the torque density, and the research direction gradually becomes an important research direction in the motor field. The vernier permanent magnet motor based on the magnetic field modulation principle has received more and more attention from academia and industry due to the highest torque density recognized at present, and has become a research hotspot in the field of motors.
In order to overcome the above drawbacks of the general permanent magnet motor, patent document 201811474313.X discloses a dc bias current type stator-rotor dual permanent magnet vernier motor, which includes: stator, stator permanent magnet, rotor permanent magnet, three-phase concentrated armature winding. The invention is characterized in that: a groove is formed in the middle of each stator split tooth facing to the air gap and used for placing a stator permanent magnet; meanwhile, the rotor is also provided with a slot and a permanent magnet is placed on the slot; the three-phase concentrated armature windings are all offline in a single-tooth winding connection mode. The motor has the following defects that the motor has too many magnetic sources and large magnetic field intensity, and a yoke part and a tooth part of a stator are easy to saturate, so that the performance requirements of increasing the torque and improving the efficiency cannot be met; the permanent magnet is made of too much materials, so that the manufacturing cost of the motor is high and the cost performance is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects that in the prior art, the motor has too many magnetic sources, a yoke part and a tooth part of a stator are easily saturated and the manufacturing cost is high, and provides a rotor permanent magnetic vernier motor with mixed excitation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
a rotor permanent magnetic vernier motor with hybrid excitation comprises a rotor, wherein a stator is sleeved outside the rotor, and an air gap is formed between the rotor and the stator;
the stator comprises a stator core and a stator winding, the stator core comprises a stator yoke part, a first modulation tooth and a second modulation tooth, the end part of the first modulation tooth is provided with two split teeth, the second modulation tooth is a parallel tooth, and the first modulation tooth and the second modulation tooth are connected with the stator yoke part and are alternately distributed on the circumference of the stator core;
the width of the second modulation tooth is the same as that of the splitting tooth;
each phase winding of the stator winding is connected in a single-tooth winding concentrated winding mode, and is wound on the split teeth at equal intervals;
the direct current bias current led into the stator winding is divided into two parts, one part is an alternating current component and is superposed with a positive direct current component, and the other part is an alternating current component and is superposed with a negative direct current component.
Further, along the anticlockwise or clockwise direction of the split teeth, the direct current bias current sequentially introduced into the stator winding is as follows: i.e. iA+、iB-、iC+、iA-、iB+、iC-The expression is:
wherein, IacIs the effective value of the AC component, IdcIs the mean value of the DC component, weIs the electrical angular frequency, and a is the initial phase angle.
Further, the rotor comprises a rotor iron core and a rotor permanent magnet;
the rotor core is of a salient pole structure, a plurality of rotor slots are uniformly formed in the rotor core along the circumferential surface, and rotor permanent magnets of the same polarity are inserted into the rotor slots.
Further, the pole pair number P of the fundamental magnetomotive force generated by the AC component of the stator winding currentaPermanent magnet fundamental wave pole pair digit P of rotorrpmThe number N of the first modulation teethsPole pair number P of fundamental magnetomotive force generated by DC component of stator winding currentdcAnd the number N of rotor modulation teethrThe following relation is satisfied:
Pa＝|Nr±Pdc|＝|Ns±Prpm|。
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the hybrid excitation rotor permanent magnet vernier motor, the rotor permanent magnet is adopted, and the stator permanent magnet is omitted, so that the disadvantages of the permanent magnet in the aspect of cost are reduced, and the risk that the yoke part and the tooth part of the stator are easily saturated is reduced; the motor is also improved aiming at the stator winding, and the stator and rotor slots are 12/11/5/6 matched, so that the number of windings is further reduced, the material consumption is reduced on the whole, and the copper consumption of the windings is also reduced; the winding adopts a structure of fractional slot concentrated winding, has the characteristics of short end part, no overlapping and high reliability, saves end part materials and further reduces the cost; the motor topology fully utilizes the space of the inner cavity of the rotor, enhances the excitation magnetic field and greatly improves the torque density by adding the excitation function of direct current; on the other hand, the distribution of magnetic load and electric load can be flexibly adjusted by adopting the direct current bias current, the power factor of the motor can be better improved, and the improvement of torque capacity is further realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a topological diagram of a hybrid excitation rotor permanent magnet vernier motor of embodiment 1;
fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of a stator of the motor of embodiment 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the winding arrangement of the motor of embodiment 1;
fig. 4 is a stator teeth diagram of the motor of embodiment 1;
fig. 5 is a schematic plan view of a rotor of the motor of embodiment 1;
fig. 6 is a topological diagram of a hybrid excitation rotor permanent magnet vernier motor of embodiment 2;
fig. 7 is a diagram showing counter potential waveforms acting on respective magnetic sources of the motor of embodiment 1;
fig. 8 is a graph of harmonic analysis of the effects of the magnetic sources of the motor of example 1;
fig. 9 is a torque comparison graph showing the presence or absence of a dc component in the motor of example 1;
fig. 10 is a torque diagram of different dc/ac components of the motor of example 1.
Wherein: 1-a stator; 2-an air gap; 3-a first modulation tooth; 4-a second modulation tooth; 5-a rotor; 6-rotor permanent magnet; 7-a stator winding; 1-1-a stator core; 3-1-split teeth; 5-1-rotor core.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the invention discloses a hybrid excitation rotor permanent magnet vernier motor which has the advantages of stable structure, industrial production, high torque density and the like.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a topological diagram of a hybrid excitation rotor permanent magnet vernier motor of embodiment 1; the motor of the invention comprises a stator 1, an air gap 2 and a rotor 5 from outside to inside in sequence. The air gap 2 has a large influence on the torque, and needs to be optimized, and the optimal value of the air gap length is 0.3mm after optimization. The stator 1 is 12 slots, the rotor 5 is 11 slots, the stator winding 7 is 5 pairs of poles, the number of pole pairs of the rotor permanent magnet 6 is 11, and the number of direct-current excitation pole pairs is 6.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of a stator of an electric machine provided by the present invention; the stator 1 comprises a stator core 1-1 and 6 stator windings 7, the stator core 1-1 comprises a stator yoke part, a first modulation tooth 3 and a second modulation tooth 4, the end part of the first modulation tooth 3 is provided with two split teeth 3-1, and the first modulation tooth 3 and the second modulation tooth 4 are connected with the stator yoke part and are alternately distributed on the circumference of the upper core; the width of the second modulation tooth 4 is the same as that of the split tooth 3-1; the windings of each phase of the stator winding 7 are connected in a single-tooth winding concentrated winding mode, and are wound on the split teeth 3-1 at equal intervals. The middle of the stator modulation teeth with wider tooth diameter and split teeth; the first modulation teeth 3 can not only place coils, but also modulate the permanent magnet magnetic field generated by the rotor and the static magnetic field generated by the direct current component of the current.
The stator winding 7 is connected with a composite current of three-phase alternating current and superposed direct current, and the expression is as follows:
wherein, the alternating current mainly generates a magnetic field with 5 pairs of poles rotating, and certainly also comprises a magnetic field with 7 pairs of poles; the direct current generates 6 pairs of static excitation magnetic fields, so that the excitation magnetic fields are enhanced, the optimal distribution of the electric load and the magnetic load is adjusted, and the power factor of the motor is improved.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a winding arrangement of the motor provided by the present invention; the three-phase winding is sequentially i along the counterclockwise or clockwise directionA+、iB-、iC+、iA-、iB+、iC-The sign in the figure represents the current passing direction of each winding, namely the positive sign represents the current flowing in, and the negative sign represents the current flowing out. The off-line mode of the single-tooth winding concentrated winding can be industrially produced, and meets the requirement of matching of the number of poles of each magnetic field of the motor to generate stable torque.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a stator tooth diagram of the motor proposed by the present invention; the first modulation tooth 3 with the wider tooth diameter and the split tooth structure and the second modulation tooth 4 with the same tooth diameter have the size constraint relation: w1>W4(ii) a The tooth diameter relationship between the two split teeth 3 and the modulation teeth 2 with the same tooth diameter is as follows: w2＝W3＝W4。
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic plan view of a rotor of the motor proposed by the present invention; the rotor 5 mainly comprises a rotor permanent magnet 6 and a rotor iron core 5-1 with a salient pole structure, and the rotor permanent magnet 6 can be embedded in a groove of the rotor iron core by adopting industrial processing; the rotor core is evenly provided with 11 tooth slots along the circumferential surface, 11 rotor permanent magnets are arranged in total, radial magnetization is adopted, and the magnetization direction of each permanent magnet is the same.
The circuit main topology for controlling the motor current can adopt a six-phase inverter circuit, and the control strategy can adopt a method of Id being 0.
The motor excitation field of the invention comprises two parts: (1) the direct current component of the winding is modulated by a rotor modulation pole to generate an electric excitation magnetic field; (2) the rotor permanent magnetic potential is modulated by the stator modulation pole to generate a rotor permanent magnetic excitation magnetic field. The strength of the excitation magnetic field can be adjusted by adjusting the magnitude of the direct current component in the winding current.
In embodiment 1 of the present invention, the stator and rotor slot poles are 12/11 in a pole-to-pole ratio, and the number of pole pairs generated by the armature winding and the number of pole pairs of the stationary magnetic field generated by the dc current are 5 pairs of poles and 6 pairs of poles, respectively.
In embodiment 1 of the present invention, the number of pole pairs of the fundamental magnetomotive force generated by the alternating current component of the stator winding current is Pa(5 or 7 pairs of poles, wherein the 7 th harmonic field winding coefficient is the same as that of the 5 pairs of poles, and can be regarded as that of the 7 pairs of poles and the winding pole pair number thereof), and the pole pair number of the fundamental wave magnetomotive force generated by the direct current component of the winding current is Pdc(6 pairs of poles), the number of pole pairs P of the fundamental wave of the permanent magnet of the rotorrpm(11 pairs of poles), the number N of stator modulation teeth (modulation poles)s(18) and the number N of rotor modulation teeth (modulation poles)r(11) satisfy the following relation:
Pa＝|Nr±Pdc|＝|Ns±Prpm|
the motor of the invention can realize the control of the maximum torque and the highest power factor by adjusting the configuration of the winding current (namely the ratio of the direct current component to the alternating current component).
The invention firstly provides the vernier permanent magnet motor adopting the rotor permanent magnet excitation mode, the slot poles are flexibly matched, half of the stator teeth adopt the split tooth structure, the number of modulation teeth is increased, the mixed excitation magnetic field meets the pole number matching, and the torque density is further improved.
The hybrid excitation rotor permanent magnet vernier motor provided by the present invention is described in detail above, and the principles and specific embodiments of the present invention are explained in detail by performing example simulation verification using the slot pole fitting (i.e. the ratio of the stator to the rotor is 12/11) in embodiment 1.
Fig. 7 and 8 respectively show a back electromotive force waveform diagram and a fourier exploded diagram of only a direct current component, only a permanent magnet and the simultaneous action of the direct current component and the permanent magnet, and it can be seen that the back electromotive force waveforms of the magnetic sources are in phase, and the amplitude satisfies the principle of scalar addition. Fig. 9 is a torque comparison diagram without a dc component and with a dc component, and it can be seen that when the current effective values are the same, the excitation function can be increased by applying the dc shunt, and the purpose of increasing the torque is achieved. Fig. 10 is an optimization analysis of the ratio of the dc component to the ac component, and an optimal ratio can be found to maximize the torque of the motor. Therefore, the distribution of magnetic load and electric load can be well adjusted by flexibly adopting direct current bias current, and the torque density and the motor power factor are improved.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A hybrid excitation rotor permanent magnet vernier motor is characterized by comprising a rotor (5), wherein a stator (1) is sleeved outside the rotor (5), and an air gap (2) is formed between the rotor (5) and the stator (1);
the stator (1) comprises a stator core (1-1) and a stator winding (7), the stator core (1-1) comprises a stator yoke, a first modulation tooth (3) and a second modulation tooth (4), the end part of the first modulation tooth (3) is provided with two split teeth (3-1), the second modulation tooth (4) is a parallel tooth, and the first modulation tooth (3) and the second modulation tooth (4) are connected with the stator yoke and are alternately distributed on the circumference of the stator core (1-1);
the width of the second modulation tooth (4) is the same as that of the split tooth (3-1);
each phase winding of the stator winding (7) is connected in a single-tooth winding concentrated winding mode, and is wound on the split teeth (3-1) at equal intervals;
the direct current bias current led into the stator winding (7) is divided into two parts, one part is an alternating current component and is superposed with a positive direct current component, and the other part is an alternating current component and is superposed with a negative direct current component.
2. The rotor permanent-magnet vernier motor with hybrid excitation according to claim 1, characterized in that along the counterclockwise or clockwise direction of the split teeth (3-1), the stator windings (7) are sequentially supplied with the direct-current bias currents: i.e. iA+、iB-、iC+、iA-、iB+、iC-The expression is:
wherein, IacIs the effective value of the AC component, IdcIs the mean value of the DC component, weIs the electrical angular frequency, and a is the initial phase angle.
3. Hybrid-excited rotor permanent-magnet vernier motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor (5) comprises a rotor core (5-1) and rotor permanent magnets (6);
the rotor core (5-1) is of a salient pole structure, a plurality of rotor slots are uniformly formed in the rotor core (5-1) along the circumferential surface, and rotor permanent magnets (6) with the same polarity are inserted into the rotor slots.
4. Hybrid-excited rotor-pm vernier motor according to claim 1, characterized by the number P of pole pairs of the fundamental magnetomotive force generated by the ac component of the stator winding (7) currentaThe rotor permanent magnet (6) has a fundamental wave pole pair digit PrpmThe number N of the first modulation teeth (3)sThe pole pair number P of the fundamental magnetomotive force generated by the DC component of the stator winding (7) currentdcAnd the number N of rotor modulation teethrThe following relation is satisfied:
Pa＝|Nr±Pdc|＝|Ns±Prpm|。
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Cited By (5)
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| CN112421919A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-02-26 | 华中科技大学 | Permanent magnet motor topology construction method based on working magnetic field harmonic wave orientation and motor |
| CN112421836A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-02-26 | 沈阳工业大学 | High-torque-density submersible screw pump permanent magnet motor |
| CN112688524A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-04-20 | 山东大学 | Double-stator split-tooth type cylindrical linear motor |
| CN114726119A (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-07-08 | 江苏大学 | Single-winding double-excitation magnetic field modulation motor and collaborative excitation design method thereof |
| WO2023247867A1 (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2023-12-28 | Somfy Activites Sa | Electromagnetic actuator comprising a compact and silent synchronous motor with embedded permanent magnets |
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| CN112421836B (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2024-02-09 | 沈阳工业大学 | High-torque density submersible screw pump permanent magnet motor |
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| CN114726119A (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-07-08 | 江苏大学 | Single-winding double-excitation magnetic field modulation motor and collaborative excitation design method thereof |
| CN114726119B (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2024-02-13 | 江苏大学 | Single-winding double-excitation magnetic field modulation motor and collaborative excitation design method thereof |
| WO2023247867A1 (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2023-12-28 | Somfy Activites Sa | Electromagnetic actuator comprising a compact and silent synchronous motor with embedded permanent magnets |
| FR3137117A1 (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2023-12-29 | Somfy Activites Sa | Electromechanical actuator with compact, low-noise synchro-reluctant motor |
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