CN110590058B - Centralized rural domestic sewage ecological environment-friendly treatment method - Google Patents
Centralized rural domestic sewage ecological environment-friendly treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/10—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of rare earths
-
- B01J35/39—
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/24—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flotation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/725—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation by catalytic oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/78—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with ozone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/10—Photocatalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
Abstract
The invention discloses a centralized rural domestic sewage ecological environment-friendly treatment method, which relates to the technical field of sewage treatment and comprises the steps of grid separation, photocatalytic pre-oxidation, percolation microbial treatment and disinfection discharge. According to the centralized rural domestic sewage ecological environment-friendly treatment method, macromolecular organic matter aggregates in the sewage are scattered and decomposed in a mode of combining photocatalysis and low-temperature plasma treatment before microbial treatment, so that the biochemical performance of the sewage is improved, and the treatment effect of the sewage is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, in particular to a centralized rural domestic sewage ecological environment-friendly treatment method.
Background
At present, rural economy develops rapidly, and peasant's standard of living is very improved, but rural environmental construction and economic development are asynchronous, and among them the water environmental pollution problem is especially serious. At present, most scattered farmers generally introduce domestic sewage and human and animal excrements into a semi-open type sewage storage tank for simple anaerobic treatment, and then the domestic sewage and the human and animal excrements are gathered into a low-lying area by utilizing natural terrains and open type sewage drainage channels. The treatment and discharge mode often causes sewage to flow over, the water quality of ditches and ponds blackens and becomes smelly, mosquitoes breed, influence the living environment of rural people and threaten the physical health of residents, if heavy rain occurs, rainwater can enter an open type dirt storage pond and an open type dirt discharge channel, the sewage discharge amount is increased, and meanwhile, drinking water source pollution and eutrophication of lakes and reservoirs are possibly caused.
Rural domestic sewage generally refers to sewage generated by rural residents in the daily life process, mainly comes from toilet flushing, kitchen washing water, clothes washing water, bath drainage water and the like, and pollutants contained in the sewage are mainly organic matters and a large number of pathogenic microorganisms. At present, rural domestic sewage is mainly treated by distributed domestic sewage, and the nearby treatment and utilization of the domestic sewage are realized by using small sewage treatment facilities, the treatment mode is flexible, but environment protection mechanisms in rural areas are not sound, environmental awareness of people is relatively weak, the knowledge level is relatively low, after the sewage treatment facilities are built, the purpose of continuous treatment needs to be achieved for a long time, a large amount of professional personnel are needed for supervision, otherwise, the sewage treatment effect cannot be guaranteed, and therefore, the realization of centralized treatment of the rural domestic sewage becomes an urgent affair.
At present, the treatment mode of rural domestic sewage is generally that domestic sewage of each user is collected into a sewage collection tank for filtration, then the filtered sewage is introduced into an anaerobic tank for decomposition, the decomposed sewage enters a sedimentation tank for sedimentation, and the settled sewage is further subjected to ecological purification treatment; in the process of handling, often need earlier at the anaerobism stage, suspended pollutant such as hydrocarbon in with the sewage and soluble organic matter are hydrolysised into organic acid by heterotrophic bacteria, make the macromolecule organic matter further decompose into the micromolecule organic matter, then can carry out next microbial decomposition effect, however, between the macromolecule organic pollutant in the sewage, often can form the aggregate of complicated supramolecular structure with weak hydrogen bond self-organization, because weak hydrogen bond is numerous, therefore the cohesion of aggregate is relatively powerful, and be difficult for decomposing, consequently can lead to heterotrophic bacteria to reduce the treatment effeciency of macromolecule organic matter, thereby reduce the treatment effect of sewage.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to design and provide a centralized rural domestic sewage ecological environment-friendly treatment method, and macromolecular organic matter aggregates in sewage are scattered and decomposed before microbial treatment in a mode of combining photocatalysis and low-temperature plasma treatment, so that the biochemical performance of the sewage is improved, and the treatment effect of the sewage is improved.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical means:
the centralized rural domestic sewage ecological environment-friendly treatment method comprises the following steps: grid separation: treating the collected domestic sewage by using a grid, discharging into a stable regulating tank, adding a flocculating agent, stirring, standing for 4-6h, fishing out suspended matters in the sewage by using an air floatation method, and transferring to a photocatalytic tank by using a pump; photocatalytic pre-oxidation: introducing ozone into the photocatalytic tank to ensure that the retention time of the sewage in the photocatalytic tank is 6-8h, then pumping the sewage in the photocatalytic tank into a pre-oxidation tank, and carrying out low-temperature plasma treatment on the sewage in the pre-oxidation tank; and (3) percolating microorganism treatment: transferring the sewage in the pre-oxidation tank into an infiltration microorganism treatment tank, wherein a water distribution pipe is arranged above the infiltration microorganism treatment tank; and (4) disinfection and discharge: and collecting the sewage treated by the percolation microorganism treatment tank into a sedimentation tank, standing and precipitating for 24 hours in the sedimentation tank, and simultaneously discharging the sewage after being disinfected by ultraviolet light.
The invention relates to a centralized rural domestic sewage ecological environment-friendly treatment method, which combines photocatalysis and microorganism treatment methods, wherein before microorganism treatment, photocatalysis is adopted to disassemble and decompose macromolecular aggregates in sewage, ozone is introduced in the photocatalysis process, on one hand, the existence of ozone can increase the photocatalysis effect, on the other hand, the ozone can increase the oxygen content in sewage, and then low-temperature plasma treatment is carried out in a pre-oxidation tank, because a large amount of energy exists in low-temperature plasma, on one hand, chemical bonds of macromolecular organic matters in sewage can be broken, on the other hand, oxygen and hydroxyl radicals generated by ozone decomposition in sewage can be stimulated to become activated, and simultaneously, a large amount of oxygen-containing free radicals also exist in the low-temperature plasma and can be combined with organic matters in sewage, carry out the pre-oxidation to sewage, improve the biodegradability of water, then pass through filtration microbial treatment step again for organic matter in the sewage can be better by the microorganism degradation, has increased microbial treatment efficiency, has improved holistic sewage treatment effect.
In addition, the method can combine the wind-light complementary technology in the using process to convert the solar energy and the wind energy into the electric energy required by electronic equipment such as a pump and the like, thereby improving the sustainable processing performance of the invention.
Further, in the photocatalytic pre-oxidation step, during low-temperature plasma treatment, the low-temperature plasma is jet type atmosphere low-temperature plasma, the low-temperature plasma is generated by a high-frequency high-voltage power supply, the power of the high-frequency high-voltage power supply is 30-80W, the discharge frequency is 12-15KHz, and the voltage is 15-20 KV.
Further, percolation microbial treatment pond has set gradually cobble layer, active carbon adsorption layer, soil horizon, fine sand layer, metalling, bio-packing layer from down up, the particle diameter of the rubble that uses in the metalling down reduces from last in proper order.
The biological filler layer is formed by paving conventional biological fillers, the thickness of the biological filler layer is 10-12cm, the biological fillers are preferably biological ceramsite (metadynamic environmental protection technology limited company in Pingxiang city, artificial clay biofilm formation biological ceramsite) with the particle size of 5mm, the thickness of the gravel layer is 18-20cm, the particle size of the preferred gravel is 2-4cm, the thickness of the fine sand layer is 15-18cm, the particle size of the fine sand is 0.5-1mm, the thickness of the soil layer is 25-28cm, the thickness of the activated carbon adsorption layer is 3-5cm, the specific surface area of the activated carbon is 900 square meters per gram, and the thickness of the pebble layer is 15-18 cm.
In a biological filling material pool, a biological filling material layer positioned on the surface layer forms an oxygen-rich area, microorganisms in sewage are attached to the biological filling material to form a biological film, after the biological film is generated, the organic matters in the sewage are decomposed and removed through three-phase contact mass transfer of the sewage, air and the biological film, and then the organic matters pass through a rubble layer, a fine sand layer and a soil layer, so that on one hand, the particle size of the used rubble is gradually reduced, the oxygen content is gradually reduced, the environment in the biological filling material pool is gradually changed from the oxygen-rich area to an anoxic area and then to an anaerobic area, different organic matters in the sewage are gradually removed through different microorganisms, on the other hand, the structure is designed to meet the requirement of the organic matters subjected to anaerobic degradation in the biological filling material pool on the retention time of long sludge, and the degradation of residual sludge; then the sewage is further adsorbed by an active carbon adsorption layer, and finally the particle impurities in the sewage are filtered by a pebble layer.
Furthermore, a photocatalytic net is fixedly arranged in the photocatalytic tank, the photocatalytic net is formed by taking porous carbon nanofibers as a base material, loading lanthanum-doped nano titanium dioxide on the base material, modifying the base material by graphene quantum dots and weaving the modified base material.
The photocatalysis net adopts porous carbon nanofiber as a base material, the porous carbon nanofiber has strong adsorption performance, organic matters in sewage can be attracted, and then photocatalytic degradation is carried out through a photocatalytic material loaded on the porous carbon nanofiber, the electrochemical performance of nano titanium dioxide is improved through modification of graphene quantum dots, the absorption boundary of the titanium dioxide is widened through doping of metal lanthanum, the forbidden bandwidth of the titanium dioxide can be remarkably reduced, the absorption boundary is prolonged, the utilization rate of the titanium dioxide to visible light is improved, the combination of photo-generated electrons and holes is inhibited, the photocatalytic activity of the titanium dioxide is improved, and therefore the treatment effect of the photocatalysis net on the sewage is improved.
Further, the preparation method of the photocatalytic net comprises the following steps:
loading: adding lanthanum-doped nano titanium dioxide into deionized water, stirring for 2h, performing ultrasonic treatment for 2h to obtain nano titanium dioxide sol, putting the pretreated carbon nanofiber bundle into the nano titanium dioxide sol, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min, taking out, drying at 60 ℃ for 10min, taking out, soaking in the nano titanium dioxide sol again, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min, taking out, drying at 60 ℃ for 10min, heating to 140 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, drying for 2h, cooling to room temperature, and taking out to obtain the carbon nanofiber bundle loaded with lanthanum-doped nano titanium dioxide;
modification: adding ammonia water into a graphene quantum dot solution to adjust the pH value to 8-9, stirring and mixing uniformly, completely immersing the carbon nanofiber bundle loaded with lanthanum-doped nano titanium dioxide into the graphene quantum dot solution, heating to 140 ℃, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 8 hours, stirring for 1-2 minutes at the speed of 150r/min every 10 minutes during the reaction, washing the solution with deionized water until the solution is neutral after the reaction is finished, and airing for later use;
weaving: and weaving the carbon nanofiber bundles treated by the modification step to form a photocatalysis net, wherein the photocatalysis net is a plain woven net with 100 meshes, and the size of each unit cell is 260-300 mu m.
The photocatalysis net woven by the carbon nanofiber bundles can intercept insoluble organic matter aggregates in the sewage, so that the organic matter aggregates in the sewage are broken up and split as much as possible in the photocatalysis preoxidation step to a certain extent, and the sewage treatment effect is improved; each unit cell of the photocatalytic net is set to have a size which is too large to block the organic aggregates and too small to block the photocatalytic net easily.
Further, in the loading step, the pretreatment of the carbon nanofiber bundle is specifically: aggregating modified porous carbon nanofibers to form carbon nanofiber bundles, soaking the carbon nanofiber bundles in deionized water, freezing and storing for 10-12h at the temperature of-10-0 ℃, then taking out, naturally melting at normal temperature, airing the carbon nanofiber bundles in a ventilated and shady place, and placing the carbon nanofiber bundles in a microwave oven for microwave treatment.
After the carbon nanofiber bundle is subjected to freezing treatment, the distance between the carbon nanofibers is increased to a certain extent, the looseness of the carbon nanofiber bundle is improved, and through microwave treatment, the carbon nanofibers can absorb energy in microwaves, so that the carbon nanofiber bundle is further fluffy, the specific surface area of the carbon nanofiber bundle is increased, lanthanum-doped nano titanium dioxide and graphene quantum dots can be attached more, and the photocatalytic performance of a photocatalytic net is improved.
Further, during the microwave treatment, the microwave power is 600-650W, and the treatment time is 15-20 min.
If the microwave power is too low or the processing time is short, the microwave processing cannot achieve the purpose of enabling the carbon nanofiber bundle to become fluffy, but if the microwave power is too high and the processing time is too long, the microwave processing can cause irreversible damage to the carbon nanofibers, so that the tensile resistance of the carbon nanofiber bundle is reduced, and the tensile resistance of the photocatalytic net is reduced.
Further, the preparation method of the modified porous carbon nanofiber comprises the following steps: adding beta-cyclodextrin into deionized water to prepare a beta-cyclodextrin solution, immersing the porous carbon nanofiber into the beta-cyclodextrin solution, stirring and taking out, airing in a shade until the water content is lower than 60%, immersing in the beta-cyclodextrin solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 2-3h, taking out, drying at 90 ℃ for 3-5min, heating to 190 ℃ for drying for 4min, cooling to room temperature, and taking out to obtain the modified porous carbon nanofiber.
The porous carbon nanofiber is modified through the beta-cyclodextrin, and the outside of a molecular cavity of the beta-cyclodextrin is provided with a large number of hydrophilic oxygen-containing groups, so that the hydrophilic oxygen-containing groups are attached to the porous carbon nanofiber, the content of hydrophilic groups on the surface of the porous carbon nanofiber can be increased, the hydrophilicity of the porous carbon nanofiber is increased, on one hand, lanthanum-doped nano titanium dioxide can be better attached, and on the other hand, a photocatalytic net can be better contacted with sewage.
Further, the diameter of the porous carbon nanofiber is 200-300 nm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention relates to a centralized rural domestic sewage ecological environment-friendly treatment method, which combines photocatalysis and microorganism treatment methods, wherein before microorganism treatment, photocatalysis is adopted to disassemble and decompose macromolecular aggregates in sewage, ozone is introduced in the photocatalysis process, on one hand, the existence of ozone can increase the photocatalysis effect, on the other hand, the ozone can increase the oxygen content in sewage, and then low-temperature plasma treatment is carried out in a pre-oxidation tank, because a large amount of energy exists in low-temperature plasma, on one hand, chemical bonds of macromolecular organic matters in sewage can be broken, on the other hand, oxygen and hydroxyl radicals generated by ozone decomposition in sewage can be stimulated to become activated, and simultaneously, a large amount of oxygen-containing free radicals also exist in the low-temperature plasma and can be combined with organic matters in sewage, carry out the pre-oxidation to sewage, improve the biodegradability of water, then pass through filtration microbial treatment step again for organic matter in the sewage can be better by the microorganism degradation, has increased microbial treatment efficiency, has improved holistic sewage treatment effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the centralized rural domestic sewage ecological environment-friendly treatment method of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples below:
the invention relates to a centralized rural domestic sewage ecological environment-friendly treatment method, which comprises the steps of separating collected rural domestic sewage through a grid, carrying out photocatalysis and low-temperature plasma treatment, and finally carrying out precipitation in a precipitation tank after sequentially passing through a biological filler layer, a gravel layer, a fine sand layer, a soil layer, an active carbon adsorption layer and a pebble layer in an infiltration microorganism treatment tank, wherein disinfection is carried out to meet the requirements of GB18918-2002 pollutant discharge standard of urban sewage treatment plants, and then discharging, a photocatalysis net is fixedly arranged in the photocatalysis tank, the water flow direction in the photocatalysis tank is vertical to the water flow direction in the photocatalysis tank, the photocatalysis net is formed by taking porous carbon nanofibers as a base material, loading doped nano lanthanum titanium dioxide on the base material, modifying by graphene quantum dots and weaving.
Example one
Preparation of lanthanum-doped nano titanium dioxide
Respectively measuring 15ml of absolute ethyl alcohol, 10ml of glacial acetic acid and 2.5ml of deionized water by using a suction tube with scales, uniformly stirring, adding 2.56mg of lanthanum nitrate, uniformly mixing to obtain a solution A, further taking 10ml of butyl titanate, dropwise adding 20ml of absolute ethyl alcohol and 2ml of glacial acetic acid under a rapid stirring state, uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain a solution B, dropwise adding the solution A into the solution B at a speed of 1d/s under a stirring speed of 300r/min, continuously stirring for 2h after dropwise adding, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min, then performing water bath heat preservation on reaction liquid at a temperature of 30 ℃ for 2h, taking out, standing at room temperature for 24h to obtain wet gel, then placing the wet gel in a drying box, drying at a temperature of 100 ℃, taking out, crushing, and calcining at a temperature of 500 ℃ for 3h to obtain the lanthanum-doped nano titanium dioxide.
Preparation of modified porous carbon nanofiber
Adding beta-cyclodextrin into deionized water to prepare a 15g/L beta-cyclodextrin solution, completely immersing porous carbon nanofiber with the diameter of 200-250nm into the beta-cyclodextrin solution, stirring for 30min, taking out, airing in a shady and cool place until the water content is lower than 60%, immersing into the beta-cyclodextrin solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 2h, taking out, drying at 90 ℃ for 3min, heating to 190 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, drying for 4min, cooling to room temperature, and taking out to obtain the modified porous carbon nanofiber.
Preparation of photocatalytic network
Pretreatment: aggregating the prepared modified porous carbon nanofibers to form carbon nanofiber bundles, soaking the carbon nanofiber bundles in deionized water, freezing and storing for 12 hours at the temperature of 0 ℃, then taking out, naturally melting at normal temperature, airing the carbon nanofiber bundles in a ventilated and cool place, placing the carbon nanofiber bundles in a microwave oven, and carrying out microwave treatment for 15 minutes under the condition of microwave power of 650W.
Loading: adding the prepared lanthanum-doped nano titanium dioxide into deionized water, stirring for 2h, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 2h to obtain nano titanium dioxide sol, wherein the mass ratio of the lanthanum-doped nano titanium dioxide to the deionized water is 1:10, completely immersing the pretreated carbon nano fiber bundle into the nano titanium dioxide sol, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min, taking out the carbon nano fiber bundle, drying at 60 ℃ for 10min, completely immersing the carbon nano fiber bundle into the nano titanium dioxide sol, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min, taking out the carbon nano fiber bundle, drying at 60 ℃ for 10min, heating to 140 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, drying for 2h, cooling to room temperature, and taking out the carbon nano fiber bundle loaded with the lanthanum-doped nano titanium dioxide.
Modification: taking a graphene quantum dot solution with the concentration of 10mol/L, adding ammonia water to adjust the pH value to 8-9, stirring and mixing uniformly, completely immersing a carbon nanofiber bundle loaded with lanthanum-doped nano titanium dioxide into the solution, heating to 140 ℃, preserving heat and reacting for 8 hours, stirring for 1 minute at the speed of 120r/min every 10 minutes during the reaction, washing the solution with deionized water until the washing solution is neutral after the reaction is finished, and airing for later use.
Weaving: the carbon nanofiber bundle treated by the modification step is woven to form a photocatalysis net, the photocatalysis net is a plain woven net with 100 meshes, and the size of each unit cell is 260-270 mu m.
Treatment of sewage
Grid separation: treating the collected domestic sewage by using a grid, discharging into a stable regulating tank, adding a flocculating agent, stirring, standing for 4 hours, fishing out suspended matters in the sewage by using an air floatation method, and transferring to a photocatalytic tank by using a pump.
Photocatalytic pre-oxidation: 2g/m into a photocatalytic tank3The amount of the ozone is introduced, the retention time of the sewage in the photocatalytic tank is ensured to be 8 hours, then the sewage in the photocatalytic tank is pumped into a pre-oxidation tank, the sewage in the pre-oxidation tank is subjected to low-temperature plasma treatment for 30s, the low-temperature plasma is generated by a high-frequency high-voltage power supply and is jet-flow type atmosphere low-temperature plasma, wherein the power of the high-frequency high-voltage power supply is 30W, the discharge frequency is 12KHz, and the voltage is 15 KV.
And (3) percolating microorganism treatment: transferring sewage treated by a pre-oxidation tank into an infiltration microorganism treatment tank by a pump, arranging a water distribution pipe above the infiltration microorganism treatment tank, and uniformly distributing the sewage treated by the pre-oxidation tank into the infiltration microorganism treatment tank through the water distribution pipe, wherein a biological filler layer is formed by paving biological ceramsite (Macro environmental protection technology, Inc., Pingxiang city) with the particle size of 5mm, the thickness of the biological filler layer is 12cm, the thickness of a gravel layer is 20cm, the particle size of preferred gravel is 2-4cm, the particle sizes of the gravel used in the gravel layer are sequentially reduced from top to bottom, the thickness of a fine sand layer is 18cm, the particle size of fine sand is 0.5-1mm, the thickness of a soil layer is 26cm, the thickness of an activated carbon adsorption layer is 3cm, the specific surface area of activated carbon is 900 square meters/g, and the thickness of the gravel layer is 16 cm.
And (4) disinfection and discharge: and collecting the sewage treated by the percolation microorganism treatment tank into a sedimentation tank, standing and precipitating for 24 hours in the sedimentation tank, and simultaneously discharging the sewage after being disinfected by ultraviolet light.
Example two
The preparation of lanthanum-doped nano titanium dioxide is the same as that of the first embodiment.
Preparation of modified porous carbon nanofiber
Adding beta-cyclodextrin into deionized water to prepare a 15g/L beta-cyclodextrin solution, completely immersing porous carbon nanofiber with the diameter of 250-300nm into the beta-cyclodextrin solution, stirring for 30min, taking out, airing in a shady and cool place until the water content is lower than 60%, immersing into the beta-cyclodextrin solution, performing ultrasonic treatment for 3h, taking out, drying at 90 ℃ for 5min, heating to 190 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, drying for 4min, cooling to room temperature, and taking out to obtain the modified porous carbon nanofiber.
Preparation of photocatalytic network
Pretreatment: aggregating the prepared modified porous carbon nanofibers to form carbon nanofiber bundles, soaking the carbon nanofiber bundles in deionized water, freezing and storing for 10 hours at the temperature of-10 ℃, then taking out, naturally melting at normal temperature, airing the carbon nanofiber bundles in a ventilated and cool place, placing the carbon nanofiber bundles in a microwave oven, and carrying out microwave treatment for 20 minutes under the condition of microwave power of 600W.
Loading: adding the prepared lanthanum-doped nano titanium dioxide into deionized water, stirring for 2h, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 2h to obtain nano titanium dioxide sol, wherein the mass ratio of the lanthanum-doped nano titanium dioxide to the deionized water is 1:10, completely immersing the pretreated carbon nano fiber bundle into the nano titanium dioxide sol, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min, taking out the carbon nano fiber bundle, drying at 60 ℃ for 10min, completely immersing the carbon nano fiber bundle into the nano titanium dioxide sol, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min, taking out the carbon nano fiber bundle, drying at 60 ℃ for 10min, heating to 140 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, drying for 2h, cooling to room temperature, and taking out the carbon nano fiber bundle loaded with the lanthanum-doped nano titanium dioxide.
Modification: taking a graphene quantum dot solution with the concentration of 10mol/L, adding ammonia water to adjust the pH value to 8-9, stirring and mixing uniformly, completely immersing a carbon nanofiber bundle loaded with lanthanum-doped nano titanium dioxide into the solution, heating to 140 ℃, preserving heat and reacting for 8 hours, stirring for 2 minutes at the speed of 100r/min every 10 minutes during the reaction, washing the solution with deionized water until the washing solution is neutral after the reaction is finished, and airing for later use.
Weaving: the carbon nanofiber bundle treated by the modification step is woven to form a photocatalytic net, the photocatalytic net is a 100-mesh plain woven net, and the size of each unit cell is 280-300 mu m.
Treatment of sewage
Grid separation: treating the collected domestic sewage by using a grid, discharging into a stable regulating tank, adding a flocculating agent, stirring, standing for 6 hours, fishing out suspended matters in the sewage by using an air floatation method, and transferring to a photocatalytic tank by using a pump.
Photocatalytic pre-oxidation: 1.5g/m into a photocatalytic cell3The amount of the ozone is introduced, the retention time of the sewage in the photocatalytic tank is ensured to be 7 hours, then the sewage in the photocatalytic tank is pumped into a pre-oxidation tank, the sewage in the pre-oxidation tank is subjected to low-temperature plasma treatment for 15 seconds, the low-temperature plasma is generated by a high-frequency high-voltage power supply and is jet-flow type atmosphere low-temperature plasma, wherein the power of the high-frequency high-voltage power supply is 50W, the discharge frequency is 15KHz, and the voltage is 18 KV.
And (3) percolating microorganism treatment: transferring sewage treated by a pre-oxidation tank into an infiltration microorganism treatment tank by a pump, arranging a water distribution pipe above the infiltration microorganism treatment tank, and uniformly distributing the sewage treated by the pre-oxidation tank into the infiltration microorganism treatment tank through the water distribution pipe, wherein a biological filler layer is paved by biological ceramsite (Macro environmental protection technology limited company in Nuchhong village), the thickness of which is 10cm, the thickness of a gravel layer is 18cm, the preferred particle diameter of the gravel is 2-4cm, the particle diameters of the gravel used in the gravel layer are sequentially reduced from top to bottom, the thickness of a fine sand layer is 16cm, the particle diameter of fine sand is 0.5-1mm, the thickness of a soil layer is 28cm, the thickness of an activated carbon adsorption layer is 4cm, the specific surface area of activated carbon is 900 square meters per gram, and the thickness of the gravel layer is 15 cm.
And (4) disinfection and discharge: and collecting the sewage treated by the percolation microorganism treatment tank into a sedimentation tank, standing and precipitating for 24 hours in the sedimentation tank, and simultaneously discharging the sewage after being disinfected by ultraviolet light.
EXAMPLE III
The preparation of lanthanum-doped nano titanium dioxide is the same as that of the first embodiment.
The preparation of the modified porous carbon nanofiber is the same as in the first example.
Preparation of photocatalytic network
Pretreatment: aggregating the prepared modified porous carbon nanofibers to form carbon nanofiber bundles, soaking the carbon nanofiber bundles in deionized water, freezing and storing for 11 hours at the temperature of-5 ℃, then taking out, naturally melting at normal temperature, airing the carbon nanofiber bundles in a ventilated and cool place, placing the carbon nanofiber bundles in a microwave oven, and carrying out microwave treatment for 18 minutes under the condition of microwave power of 630W.
Loading: adding the prepared lanthanum-doped nano titanium dioxide into deionized water, stirring for 2h, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 2h to obtain nano titanium dioxide sol, wherein the mass ratio of the lanthanum-doped nano titanium dioxide to the deionized water is 1:10, completely immersing the pretreated carbon nano fiber bundle into the nano titanium dioxide sol, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min, taking out the carbon nano fiber bundle, drying at 60 ℃ for 10min, completely immersing the carbon nano fiber bundle into the nano titanium dioxide sol, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min, taking out the carbon nano fiber bundle, drying at 60 ℃ for 10min, heating to 140 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, drying for 2h, cooling to room temperature, and taking out the carbon nano fiber bundle loaded with the lanthanum-doped nano titanium dioxide.
Modification: taking a graphene quantum dot solution with the concentration of 10mol/L, adding ammonia water to adjust the pH value to 8-9, stirring and mixing uniformly, completely immersing a carbon nanofiber bundle loaded with lanthanum-doped nano titanium dioxide into the graphene quantum dot solution, heating to 140 ℃, preserving heat and reacting for 8 hours, stirring for 1min at the speed of 150r/min every 10min during the reaction, washing the reaction product with deionized water until the washing solution is neutral, and airing for later use.
Weaving: and weaving the carbon nanofiber bundle treated by the modification step to form a photocatalytic net, wherein the photocatalytic net is a 100-mesh plain woven net, and the size of each unit cell is 270-280 mu m.
Treatment of sewage
Grid separation: treating the collected domestic sewage by using a grid, discharging into a stable regulating tank, adding a flocculating agent, stirring, standing for 5 hours, fishing out suspended matters in the sewage by using an air floatation method, and transferring to a photocatalytic tank by using a pump.
Photocatalytic pre-oxidation: to the inside of a photocatalytic tank according to the ratio of 3g/m3The amount of the ozone is introduced, the retention time of the sewage in the photocatalytic tank is ensured to be 6 hours, then the sewage in the photocatalytic tank is pumped into a pre-oxidation tank, the sewage in the pre-oxidation tank is subjected to low-temperature plasma treatment for 20 seconds, the low-temperature plasma is generated by a high-frequency high-voltage power supply and is jet-flow type atmosphere low-temperature plasma, wherein the power of the high-frequency high-voltage power supply is 80W, the discharge frequency is 13KHz, and the voltage is 20 KV.
And (3) percolating microorganism treatment: transferring sewage treated by a pre-oxidation tank into an infiltration microorganism treatment tank by a pump, arranging a water distribution pipe above the infiltration microorganism treatment tank, and uniformly distributing the sewage treated by the pre-oxidation tank into the infiltration microorganism treatment tank through the water distribution pipe, wherein a biological filler layer is paved by biological ceramsite (Macro environmental protection technology limited company in Nuchhong village), the thickness of which is 11cm, the thickness of a gravel layer is 19cm, the preferred particle diameter of the gravel is 2-4cm, the particle diameters of the gravel used in the gravel layer are sequentially reduced from top to bottom, the thickness of a fine sand layer is 15cm, the particle diameter of fine sand is 0.5-1mm, the thickness of a soil layer is 25cm, the thickness of an activated carbon adsorption layer is 5cm, the specific surface area of activated carbon is 900 square meters per gram, and the thickness of the gravel layer is 18 cm.
And (4) disinfection and discharge: and collecting the sewage treated by the percolation microorganism treatment tank into a sedimentation tank, standing and precipitating for 24 hours in the sedimentation tank, and simultaneously discharging the sewage after being disinfected by ultraviolet light.
Comparative example 1
The present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that a photocatalytic net is not provided in the photocatalytic tank in the present embodiment.
Comparative example 2
The present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the low-temperature plasma treatment is not performed in the pre-oxidation tank in the present embodiment.
Comparative example three
The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that in this embodiment, the sewage separated by the grid directly flows through the diafiltration microorganism treatment tank to be treated.
The first and third examples are used for treating the same batch of rural domestic sewage in a certain village, the quality of the inlet water and the quality of the outlet water of the first and third examples are detected, and the detection results are shown in the following table:
| COD(mg/L) | BOD(mg/L) | NH3-N(mg/L) | TP(mg/L) | chroma (double) | |
| Inflow water | 5318 | 312 | 680 | 98 | >10000 |
| Example one | 15 | 9 | 0.6 | 6 | 3 |
| Comparative example 1 | 764 | 102 | 132 | 32 | 800 |
| Comparative example 2 | 864 | 112 | 154 | 36 | 900 |
| Comparative example three | 2058 | 198 | 495 | 76 | 4200 |
It can be seen from the first embodiment and the third comparative embodiment that the method of the present invention, which is adopted to treat the sewage first by the photocatalysis and the low temperature plasma, and then combines with the microorganism treatment, has a better effect on the sewage than the method which directly adopts the microorganism treatment, and the comparison between the first embodiment and the first and the second comparative embodiments shows that the photocatalysis and the low temperature plasma have complementary functions and the two can achieve better effect when used together.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The techniques, shapes, and configurations not described in detail in the present invention are all known techniques.
Claims (7)
1. The centralized rural domestic sewage ecological environment-friendly treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
grid separation: treating the collected domestic sewage by using a grid, discharging into a stable regulating tank, adding a flocculating agent, stirring, standing for 4-6h, fishing out suspended matters in the sewage by using an air floatation method, and transferring to a photocatalytic tank by using a pump;
photocatalytic pre-oxidation: introducing ozone into the photocatalytic tank to ensure that the retention time of the sewage in the photocatalytic tank is 6-8h, then pumping the sewage in the photocatalytic tank into a pre-oxidation tank, and carrying out low-temperature plasma treatment on the sewage in the pre-oxidation tank;
and (3) percolating microorganism treatment: transferring the sewage in the pre-oxidation tank into an infiltration microorganism treatment tank, wherein a water distribution pipe is arranged above the infiltration microorganism treatment tank;
and (4) disinfection and discharge: collecting the sewage treated by the percolation microbial treatment tank into a sedimentation tank, standing and precipitating for 24 hours in the sedimentation tank, and simultaneously discharging the sewage after being disinfected by ultraviolet light;
the photocatalysis pond is fixedly provided with a photocatalysis net, the photocatalysis net takes porous carbon nanofiber as a base material, and after the base material is loaded with lanthanum-doped nano titanium dioxide, the base material is modified by graphene quantum dots and then woven;
the preparation method of the photocatalytic net comprises the following steps:
loading: adding lanthanum-doped nano titanium dioxide into deionized water, stirring for 2h, performing ultrasonic treatment for 2h to obtain nano titanium dioxide sol, putting the pretreated carbon nanofiber bundle into the nano titanium dioxide sol, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min, taking out, drying at 60 ℃ for 10min, taking out, soaking in the nano titanium dioxide sol again, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min, taking out, drying at 60 ℃ for 10min, heating to 140 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, drying for 2h, cooling to room temperature, and taking out to obtain the carbon nanofiber bundle loaded with lanthanum-doped nano titanium dioxide;
modification: adding ammonia water into a graphene quantum dot solution to adjust the pH value to 8-9, stirring and mixing uniformly, completely immersing the carbon nanofiber bundle loaded with lanthanum-doped nano titanium dioxide into the graphene quantum dot solution, heating to 140 ℃, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 8 hours, stirring for 1-2 minutes at the speed of 150r/min every 10 minutes during the reaction, washing the solution with deionized water until the solution is neutral after the reaction is finished, and airing for later use;
weaving: and weaving the carbon nanofiber bundles treated by the modification step to form a photocatalysis net, wherein the photocatalysis net is a plain woven net with 100 meshes, and the size of each unit cell is 260-300 mu m.
2. The ecological and environment-friendly centralized treatment method for rural domestic sewage according to claim 1, wherein in the photocatalytic pre-oxidation step, when low-temperature plasma is treated, the low-temperature plasma is jet type atmospheric low-temperature plasma, the low-temperature plasma is generated by a high-frequency high-voltage power supply, the power of the high-frequency high-voltage power supply is 30-80W, the discharge frequency is 12-15KHz, and the voltage is 15-20 KV.
3. The ecological and environment-friendly treatment method for centralized rural domestic sewage according to claim 2, wherein the percolation microbial treatment tank is provided with a pebble layer, an activated carbon adsorption layer, a soil layer, a fine sand layer, a gravel layer and a biological filler layer from bottom to top in sequence, and the particle size of the gravel used in the gravel layer is reduced from top to bottom in sequence.
4. The centralized rural domestic sewage ecological environment-friendly treatment method according to claim 3, wherein in the loading step, the pretreatment of the carbon nanofiber bundle is specifically: aggregating modified porous carbon nanofibers to form carbon nanofiber bundles, soaking the carbon nanofiber bundles in deionized water, freezing and storing for 10-12h at the temperature of-10-0 ℃, then taking out, naturally melting at normal temperature, airing the carbon nanofiber bundles in a ventilated and shady place, and placing the carbon nanofiber bundles in a microwave oven for microwave treatment.
5. The ecological and environment-friendly centralized treatment method for rural domestic sewage according to claim 4, wherein during the microwave treatment, the microwave power is 600- & ltwbr/& gtW, and the treatment time is 15-20 min.
6. The centralized rural domestic sewage ecological environment-friendly treatment method according to claim 5, wherein the preparation method of the modified porous carbon nanofiber comprises the following steps: adding beta-cyclodextrin into deionized water to prepare a beta-cyclodextrin solution, immersing the porous carbon nanofiber into the beta-cyclodextrin solution, stirring and taking out, airing in a shade until the water content is lower than 60%, immersing in the beta-cyclodextrin solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 2-3h, taking out, drying at 90 ℃ for 3-5min, heating to 190 ℃ for drying for 4min, cooling to room temperature, and taking out to obtain the modified porous carbon nanofiber.
7. The centralized rural domestic sewage ecological environment-friendly treatment method according to claim 6, wherein the diameter of the porous carbon nanofiber is 200-300 nm.
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