CN110571906A - Working state self-adaptive control method for power station with multiple working modes - Google Patents
Working state self-adaptive control method for power station with multiple working modes Download PDFInfo
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- CN110571906A CN110571906A CN201910923577.2A CN201910923577A CN110571906A CN 110571906 A CN110571906 A CN 110571906A CN 201910923577 A CN201910923577 A CN 201910923577A CN 110571906 A CN110571906 A CN 110571906A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
Abstract
The invention discloses a self-adaptive control method for the working state of a power station with multiple working modes, wherein the power station comprises a fuel cell and an energy storage battery, the output end of the fuel cell is connected with a unidirectional direct current converter in parallel, and the output end of the energy storage battery is connected with a bidirectional direct current converter in series; the control method comprises the following steps: monitoring a first current output by the unidirectional direct current converter, a second current output from the bidirectional direct current converter to a load or flowing into the bidirectional direct current converter from the unidirectional direct current converter and a third current flowing into the load in real time; if the variation of the third current in the first preset time exceeds the current variation threshold; the second current is controlled to change following the change of the third current, and the first current is controlled to change following the change of the third current. The invention can solve the problem of low response speed of the fuel cell, so that the inside of the fuel cell has enough adjustment time, and the working life and the energy utilization efficiency of the fuel cell are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power supply control strategies of hybrid power supplies, in particular to a self-adaptive control method for the working state of a power station with multiple working modes.
Background
At present, fuel cell power generation is the most promising power generation technology due to the dual considerations of energy conservation and environmental protection. Taking an aluminum-air battery (or called as an aluminum-air power supply) as an example, the actual specific energy of the aluminum-air battery is up to 500-1000 wh/kg, the power generation process hardly influences the environment, the structure and the used raw materials of the aluminum-air battery can change according to the actual environment and requirements, the aluminum-air battery has strong adaptability, can be used for land or deep sea, can be used for a power battery, and can also be used for a signal battery with long service life and high specific energy.
although the fuel cell represented by aluminum-air has the above advantages, it has some disadvantages, and the following description will be made in detail by taking an aluminum-air cell as an example; (1) the discharge characteristic of the aluminum-air battery has a nonlinear characteristic, and the requirement of quick response of a large load cannot be met; (2) the discharging capacity of the aluminum-air battery is often insufficient in terms of electric capacity and peak load; (3) when the load is suddenly reduced, the traditional aluminum-air battery has the problems of serious energy waste, low energy utilization rate and the like.
Therefore, how to make the aluminum-air battery better meet the requirement of quick response of a large load and improve the discharge capacity and the energy utilization rate of the aluminum-air battery becomes a key point for the technical problems to be solved and the research of the technical staff in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a working state self-adaptive control method of a power station with multiple working modes, aiming at solving the problems of low heavy load response speed, insufficient discharge capacity, low energy utilization rate and the like of the existing aluminum-air battery.
in order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention discloses a self-adaptive control method for the working state of a power station with multiple working modes.
The power station comprises a fuel cell and an energy storage battery, the output ends of which are connected in parallel, the output end of the fuel cell is connected in series with a unidirectional direct current converter, and the output end of the energy storage battery is connected in series with a bidirectional direct current converter;
The control method comprises the following steps:
Monitoring a first current output by the unidirectional direct current converter, a second current output from the bidirectional direct current converter to a load or flowing into the bidirectional direct current converter from the unidirectional direct current converter and a third current flowing into the load in real time;
if the variation of the third current in a first preset time exceeds a current variation threshold; the second current is controlled to change following the change of the third current first, and then the first current is controlled to change following the change of the third current.
Based on the technical scheme, the power of the fuel cell (such as an aluminum air cell) can be output in a mode of gentle conversion, so that the problem of slow dynamic response of the conventional fuel cell is solved, and the service life of the fuel cell is further remarkably prolonged.
Further, calculating the output power of the fuel cell, the power required by the load and the voltage of the storage battery;
And if the output power of the fuel cell is less than the power required by the load and the voltage of the storage battery is greater than the over-discharge voltage of the storage battery, controlling the unidirectional direct current converter to work in a maximum power point tracking state and controlling the forward working state of the bidirectional direct current converter to be a voltage reduction state.
Further, if the output power of the fuel cell is larger than the power required by the load, the voltage of the storage battery is smaller than the over-discharge voltage of the storage battery, and the second current is smaller than the maximum allowable charging current of the storage battery, controlling the unidirectional direct current converter to work in a maximum power point tracking state and controlling the forward working state of the bidirectional direct current converter to be a boosting state; wherein the second current is a current flowing from the unidirectional dc converter to the bidirectional dc converter.
Further, when the unidirectional direct current converter works in a maximum power point tracking state and the bidirectional direct current converter works in a boosting state, if the voltage of the storage battery reaches the overcharge voltage or the second current reaches the maximum allowable charge current of the storage battery, the unidirectional direct current converter is controlled to work in a constant voltage state.
Further, if the output power of the fuel cell is zero, the unidirectional direct current converter is in a shutdown state, the first current is zero, and the second current is a current output from the bidirectional direct current converter to a load, and the bidirectional direct current converter is controlled to be in a step-down state in a forward working state.
Further, when the forward working state of the bidirectional direct current converter is a voltage reduction state and the output power of the fuel cell is zero, if the voltage of the storage battery is smaller than the over-discharge voltage of the storage battery, the bidirectional direct current converter is turned off and the power station is controlled to stop supplying power to the load.
Further, calculating the output power of the energy storage battery;
And if the output power of the energy storage battery is zero and the bidirectional direct current converter is in a turn-off state, controlling the single-phase direct current converter to work in a constant voltage state.
Further, if the power required by the load is zero and the voltage of the storage battery is less than the over-discharge voltage of the storage battery, the unidirectional direct current converter is controlled to work in a constant voltage state, and the forward working state of the bidirectional direct current converter is controlled to be a boosting state.
And further, generating a gating signal by using the output current of the energy storage battery, the output voltage of the energy storage battery and the output voltage of the fuel cell, and controlling the unidirectional direct current converter to work in a maximum power point tracking state or a constant voltage state by using the gating signal.
further, when the unidirectional direct current converter works in a maximum power point tracking state and the forward working state of the bidirectional direct current converter is a voltage reduction state, detecting the output current of the bidirectional direct current converter;
And in a second preset time period, if the forward output current of the bidirectional direct current converter is always greater than the first preset current or the reverse output current of the bidirectional direct current converter is always greater than the second preset current, the alternating current load is cut off firstly, and then the direct current load is cut off.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention has the advantages of high response speed of large load, high energy utilization rate, strong discharge capability and the like, and can fully meet the high power requirement of peak load; specifically, when the load change is quickly responded, the internal of the aluminum-air power supply can have enough adjusting time, the problem that the dynamic response of the traditional aluminum-air power supply is slow is solved, and the service life of the aluminum-air power supply is obviously prolonged; the invention can reliably switch different working modes of the hybrid power station.
The invention can realize the charging of the energy storage battery under the non-peak load and then supplement the problem of insufficient power generation capacity of the aluminum-air power station system under the peak load, and realize the power supply of 'peak clipping and valley filling' so as to ensure that the aluminum-air power supply outputs a power with smooth change. When the quick response of the load is met, the method can enable the interior of the aluminum-air power supply to have enough adjusting time, overcomes the defect of slow dynamic response of the aluminum-air power supply, can quickly recover redundant energy, prolongs the service life of the aluminum-air power supply, improves the energy utilization efficiency of the aluminum-air power supply, and realizes the reliable switching of the multi-mode working state of the hybrid power station.
The invention can effectively improve the reliability of the operation of the power station and the flexibility of electric energy distribution, and has the advantages of simple realization, high control precision, high control speed, real-time accurate control and the like.
drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the operating principle of a power plant with various operating modes.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart illustrating an adaptive control method for the operating state of a power station having a plurality of operating modes.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the energy flow of the plant in a first mode of operation.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the power distribution status of the power station in the first operation mode.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the energy flow of the plant in a second mode of operation.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the power distribution state of the power station in the second operation mode.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the energy flow of the plant in a third mode of operation.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the power distribution state of the power station in the third operation mode.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the energy flow of the plant in a fourth mode of operation.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the power distribution state of the power station in the fourth operation mode.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the energy flow of the plant in a fifth mode of operation.
Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the power distribution state of the power station in the fifth operation mode.
Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the energy flow of the plant in a sixth mode of operation.
Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the power distribution state of the power station in the sixth operation mode.
Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the energy flow of the plant in a seventh mode of operation.
Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of the power distribution state of the power station in the seventh operation mode.
fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of a 25 state switching process of the power station.
Fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of the control principle of the unidirectional dc converter and the bidirectional dc converter.
Detailed Description
The following explains and explains the working state adaptive control method of the power station with multiple working modes in detail with reference to the drawings in the specification, so as to thoroughly solve many problems of the existing aluminum-air power station.
as shown in fig. 1 to 18, the present embodiment discloses a method for adaptively controlling operating states of a power station having multiple operating modes, where the power station of the present embodiment includes a fuel cell and an energy storage battery having output ends connected in parallel, the output end of the fuel cell is connected in series with a unidirectional dc converter, the output end of the energy storage battery is connected in series with a bidirectional dc converter, both the unidirectional dc converter and the bidirectional dc converter are used for being connected with a dc bus, and a dc load and/or an ac load is supplied with power through the dc bus, and the whole power station is an energy management system including the above fuel cell and energy storage battery, the unidirectional dc converter, the bidirectional dc converter, an energy management controller, a charge and discharge controller, a stack parameter acquisition sensor, an automatic monitoring system, and various loads.
In this embodiment, the fuel cell includes a plurality of aluminum air stack units connected in parallel. Specifically, the charge-discharge controller is used for detecting the working state of the energy storage battery in real time and accurately measuring the voltage U of the energy storage batteryBatCurrent of storage battery IBatTemperature, etc., and transmit the important data to the energy management controller via RS-485(MODBUS-RTU) bus in time and effectively, I in figure 1bat> 0 represents the discharge condition of the energy storage battery, Ibat< 0 represents the charging condition of the energy storage battery, Ibat_maxRepresenting the maximum allowable charging current, U, of the energy storage batterybat_maxIndicating an overcharging voltage, U, of the energy storage batterybat_minRepresents the over-discharge voltage of the energy storage battery, in the embodiment, Ubat_max＝45V，Ubat_min＝30V，IBat_max＝250A。
According to the instruction sent by the energy management controller, the charge-discharge controller can be used for directly controlling the charge or discharge mode of the energy storage battery, carrying out balanced charge and discharge on the energy storage battery and balancing the working temperature of the energy storage battery, so that the problems of overcharge or overdischarge of the battery and the like are avoided. In the process of charging and discharging the energy storage battery, the energy management controller can complete the charging and discharging of the energy storage battery by controlling the working state of the bidirectional direct current converter in a matched manner. The energy management controller can control the output current of the fuel cell by means of a current source connected with the fuel cell in parallel, and the stack parameter acquisition sensor is used for acquiring the voltage U of the fuel cellPVdata such as electric current, temperature, transmit to power station automatic monitoring system through data acquisition 485 controller, data acquisition 485 controller is used for controlling galvanic pile parameter acquisition sensor, power guarantee equipment is used for guaranteeing fuel cell safety, and guarantee 485 controller is used for controlling power guarantee equipment, power station automatic monitoring system is used for energy management controller, data acquisition 485 controller and guarantee 485 controller carry out total control, power station automatic monitoring system is the host computer of energy management controller promptlyAnd the integrated controller can not only carry out local control on the whole power station system, but also carry out remote control.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment employs two types of DC converters (a unidirectional DC converter and a bidirectional DC converter) and a DC-AC inverter, where english symbols of the DC converter are DC/DC and english symbols of the DC-AC inverter are DC/AC; specifically, the energy storage battery of the embodiment is connected with a dc bus through a bidirectional dc converter, each aluminum air cell stack unit is connected with the dc bus through a unidirectional dc converter, a load voltage detection unit and a load current detection unit are disposed on the dc bus, the dc bus is used for supplying power to a dc load and an ac load, and the dc-ac inverter is disposed between the dc bus and the ac load. The energy storage battery in the embodiment has higher specific power and also has quick charging capability, so that energy can be recovered more effectively under the condition of low load. Note that "broken lines" in fig. 1 denote "communication lines", "solid lines" denote "power lines", and "dashed lines" denote "signal lines".
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the control method includes the following steps: monitoring in real time a first current (i) output by a unidirectional DC converterrc) A second current (i) output from the bidirectional DC converter to the load or flowing from the unidirectional DC converter to the bidirectional DC convertermor is) And a third current (i) flowing into the loado) (ii) a Wherein imRepresenting the current output from the bidirectional DC converter to the load (during discharge of the storage battery), isThe current flowing from the unidirectional dc converter to the bidirectional dc converter (when charging the energy storage battery) is represented, and in order to accurately describe the function of the bidirectional dc converter, the current is represented by the second current in the embodiment; it should be understood that the second current in the present embodiment refers to the current between the bidirectional dc converter and the dc bus, and the second current refers to the current i output from the bidirectional dc converter to the load when the energy storage battery is dischargedmwhen the energy storage battery is charged, the second current flows from the unidirectional direct current converter to the bidirectional direct current converterCurrent i ofs(ii) a The third current is the output current i of the busoThe first current is the output current i of the single-phase DC converterrc。
As shown in fig. 1, taking the discharging process of the energy storage battery as an example, according to kirchhoff's current law: i.e. io＝im+irc. For a certain current ioCan be controlled by controlling the output current i of the bidirectional DC convertermIndirectly controlling output current i of aluminum-air power supplyrc. If the third current ioThe variation in the first preset time exceeds the current variation threshold, i.e. the bus output current ioWhen mutation occurs; the second current i may be controlled firstmTracking the third current iois varied and then the first current i is controlledrcTracking the third current ioMay vary. Thereby meeting the requirement of quick response to load change and ensuring the output current (the first current i) of the aluminum-air power supplyrc) The smoothness of the aluminum-air power supply ensures the long-term stable operation of the aluminum-air power supply. In this embodiment, the first predetermined time period may be 1 s.
And when the unidirectional direct current converter works in a maximum power point tracking state and the forward working state of the bidirectional direct current converter is a voltage reduction state, detecting the output current of the bidirectional direct current converter.
and in a second preset time period, if the forward output current of the bidirectional direct current converter is always greater than the first preset current or the reverse output current of the bidirectional direct current converter is always greater than the second preset current, the alternating current load is cut off firstly, and then the direct current load is cut off. Specifically, the second preset time period of the embodiment is 10s, the second preset current is 250A, and if the bidirectional DC-DC output current I is detected when the load shortage energy can not be satisfied by the storage batteryBi_dc-dcIf the duration exceeds 10s when the voltage is more than 250A, the power station enters a load cut-off state; when the load suddenly increases, the aluminum-air power supply is soft because of the output characteristic, and then the bidirectional DC-DC output current I is detectedBi_dc-dcwhen the time is more than 250A and lasts for 10s, the alternating current load of the power station is cut off firstly, and the direct current load is cut off later; when the load is suddenly reduced, the embodiment can rapidly recover the redundant electric energy through the energy storage battery,If the bidirectional DC-DC output current I is detectedBi_dc-dcwhen the time is less than-250A and lasts for 10s, the power station cuts off the alternating current load firstly and then cuts off the direct current load.
As shown in fig. 18, the energy storage battery output current, the energy storage battery output voltage and the fuel cell output voltage are used to generate a gating signal, and the gating signal is used to control the unidirectional dc converter to operate in the maximum power point tracking state or the constant voltage state. In this embodiment, the fuel cell outputs a voltage UPV＞UPV_minTime-of-flight indicates that the fuel cell has energy output, UPV≤UPV_minIndicating no energy output, U in this examplePV_min＝28V。
Based on the self-adaptive control of the working state of the power station with various working modes, the invention can realize the peak clipping and valley filling power supply, namely, the problem that the power generation capacity of the fuel cell is insufficient by charging the energy storage battery in the non-peak load time period and supplementing the energy storage battery in the peak load time period, thereby thoroughly solving the problems of slow dynamic response of the fuel cell and the like. The self-adaptive control process of each working mode and working state is concretely as follows; the unidirectional dc converter may operate in an MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) state, a constant voltage state, or a shutdown state, and the bidirectional dc converter may operate in a Boost (Boost) state, a Buck (Buck) state, or an SD (shutdown) state.
The first mode of operation:
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the output power of the fuel cell (aluminum air cell in the present embodiment), the power required by the load, and the battery voltage were calculated.
If the fuel cell output power is less than the power required by the load (P)PV＜PLoad) And the voltage of the storage battery is greater than the over-discharge voltage of the storage battery, PPVRepresenting fuel cell output power, PLoadWhen the power required by the load is represented, the unidirectional direct current converter is controlled to work in a maximum power point tracking (MTTP) state and the forward working state of the bidirectional direct current converter is controlled to be a BUCK (BUCK) state so as to control the voltage and the inductive current of the high-voltage side of the bidirectional direct current converter and provide stable voltage for the direct current bus, namely, the stable voltage is provided by the bidirectional direct current converterThe fuel cell supplies power to the load and passes through the energy storage battery (I)Batand more than 0) to supplement the insufficient part of the fuel cell when supplying energy, thereby realizing stable power supply for various loads.
The second working mode is as follows:
as shown in fig. 5 and 6, if the fuel cell output power is larger than the power (P) required by the loadPV＞PLoad) And the voltage of the storage battery is less than the over-discharge voltage of the storage battery, and the second current is less than the maximum allowable charging current of the storage battery, the unidirectional direct current converter is controlled to work in a maximum power point tracking (MTTP) state and the bidirectional direct current converter is controlled to be in a Boost (Boost) state, specifically in a Boost constant current voltage limiting state, the load is supplied with power through the fuel cell, and the energy storage battery is charged through the fuel cell (I)Bat< 0),; the second current is a current flowing from the unidirectional dc converter to the bidirectional dc converter. Referring to fig. 18, the power switch tubes of the bidirectional converter are complementarily conducted, and energy can flow in two directions, that is, the present embodiment can realize natural switching between the discharge state and the charge state of the energy storage battery, and the difference is only in the direction opposite to the energy flow direction of the energy storage battery.
the third mode of operation:
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, on the basis of the second operation mode, that is, when the unidirectional dc converter operates in the maximum power point tracking state and the bidirectional dc converter operates in the boost state, if the voltage of the battery reaches the overcharge voltage (45V) or the second current (in this case, the charging current flowing from the unidirectional dc converter to the bidirectional dc converter) reaches the maximum allowable charging current (250A) of the battery, the unidirectional dc converter is controlled to operate in the constant voltage state, so as to control the voltage and the inductive current on the low-voltage side of the bidirectional converter to stably charge the energy storage battery.
A fourth mode of operation:
As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, if the fuel cell output is zero, P ispvWhen the current is equal to 0, the unidirectional direct current converter is in a shutdown state (does not work), the first current is zero, and the second current is the current output from the bidirectional direct current converter to the loadAnd controlling the forward working state of the bidirectional direct current converter to be a BUCK (BUCK) state, controlling the voltage of the high-voltage side of the bidirectional direct current converter and the reverse inductive current, independently providing energy for the load, and providing energy for the load only through the energy storage battery.
the fifth working mode:
As shown in fig. 11 and 12, when the forward operating state of the bidirectional dc converter is the step-down state and the output power of the fuel cell is zero, if the voltage of the battery is less than the over-discharge voltage (30V), the bidirectional dc converter is turned off and the power station is controlled to stop supplying power to the load, so that the whole power station stops operating.
Sixth mode of operation:
As shown in fig. 13 and 14, the present embodiment also calculates the output power of the energy storage battery. If the output power of the energy storage battery is zero (P)bat0) and the bidirectional dc converter is in an off state, the single-phase dc converter is controlled to operate in a Constant Voltage (CVC) state, the unidirectional dc converter is controlled to supply voltage, inductive current and output current to the outside, and the load is supplied with energy by the fuel cell alone, i.e. the present embodiment also has the power supply function of the conventional aluminum air battery.
seventh mode of operation:
As shown in fig. 15 and 16, if the power required by the load is zero and the voltage of the battery is less than the over-discharge voltage of the battery, the unidirectional dc converter is controlled to operate in a Constant Voltage (CVC) state, and the forward operating state of the bidirectional dc converter is controlled to be a Boost (Boost) state, the electric energy released by the fuel cell is used for charging the energy storage battery, and the peak clipping and valley filling functions are realized by combining the aforementioned operating modes; the bidirectional direct current converter can work in a Boost constant-current voltage-limiting charging state.
fig. 17 shows a schematic diagram of a switching process of 25 states of the power station in this embodiment, and once a corresponding detection variable meets a condition preset by one event, the system can automatically switch between the two states, thereby ensuring stability, long-term performance and high efficiency of the whole switching power supply in the process of supplying the load.
The invention can reasonably control the charging and discharging of the energy storage battery, can realize the stage charging, thereby ensuring the safety of the system, and preventing the damage behaviors of over-charging or over-discharging and the like to the battery. In addition, it should be noted that the "fuel cell" referred to in the present embodiment includes an aluminum air cell, a zinc air cell, and the like.
As shown in fig. 18, two ends of the unidirectional DC-DC converter (unidirectional DC converter) are respectively connected to the high-voltage-side aluminum air power supply and the low-voltage-side DC bus, UPVand UBusRespectively representing the voltage of the aluminium-air power supply and the voltage of the direct current bus, IPVand outputting current for the aluminum-air power supply. According to different working states of the whole system of the power station, the unidirectional converter provided by the embodiment can be freely switched among 3 states of the MPPT working state, the constant voltage working state or the shutdown state, and the switching is also controlled by the gating signal U generated by the energy management control circuitEAnd a turn-off signal U of the unidirectional converterBuck_SD. If the gating signal of the system energy management controller is low, i.e. UEWhen the voltage is equal to 0, the analog gating switch gates a PWM3 signal, the unidirectional converter works in a constant voltage working state, and stable voltage is provided for the direct current bus; when U is turnedEWhen the voltage is equal to 1, the analog gating switch gates a PWM4 signal, and the unidirectional converter works in an MPPT working state to enable the aluminum-air power supply to output the maximum power; finally, the driving signal Q3-drv applied to the switch tube Q3 is obtained.
The bidirectional DC-DC converter can be freely switched among 3 working states such as Boost, Buck or shutdown states, and the like, and is controlled by the energy management controller, and in order to realize bidirectional power supply of the bidirectional DC converter, the power tubes Q1 and Q2 need to be complementarily conducted; at the same time, the voltage and the inductive current at two ends of the bidirectional converter need to be controlled so as to be freely availableThe voltage stabilization or current limitation work is respectively realized in 2 directions, and the voltage U at two ends of the converter needs to be detected to realize the voltage stabilization or current limitation work of the bidirectional DC-DC converter in 2 directionsBus、UBatCurrent of storage battery IBatAnd bidirectional DC-DC inductive current, the controlled voltage and current of Buck state are respectively the voltage U of accumulatorBatAnd a charging current IBatThe controlled voltage and current in Boost state are bus voltage UBusAnd battery discharge current (-I)Bat) The Buck state yields the PWM1 and its complement. When the bidirectional converter works in a Buck state, the Q1 is a master control tube, the Q2 is a controlled tube, and the bidirectional converter regulates output by regulating the duty ratio of Q1; when the bidirectional converter works in a Boost state, the Q2 is a master control tube, the Q1 is a controlled tube, and the bidirectional converter regulates output by regulating the duty ratio of the Q2. The controlled tube and the main control tube are conducted complementarily, namely work in a synchronous rectification state.
The Buck operating condition is different with bidirectional converter small-signal model under the Boost operating condition, and the PI regulator that corresponds needs different control parameter, consequently, this patent control scheme utilizes 2 sets of independent voltage regulators and current regulator respectively to realize 2 steady voltage or current-limiting control of equidirectional, is favorable to control circuit design and control parameter to be adjusted. In specific application, the invention can meet the requirement of quick response of a large load, and by comprehensively considering the output voltage, the output current and the generated power, the invention not only can effectively avoid the aluminum-air power supply from operating in a low-power density high-efficiency area, but also can effectively avoid the aluminum-air power supply from operating in a high-power density low-efficiency area, and takes into account two aspects of load requirement and energy high-efficiency utilization, so the invention is suitable for large-area popularization and application.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "the present embodiment," "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and simplifications made in the spirit of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The self-adaptive control method for the working state of the power station with various working modes is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the power station comprises a fuel cell and an energy storage battery, the output end of the fuel cell is connected with a unidirectional direct current converter in series, and the output end of the energy storage battery is connected with a bidirectional direct current converter in series;
The control method comprises the following steps:
Monitoring a first current output by the unidirectional direct current converter, a second current output from the bidirectional direct current converter to a load or flowing into the bidirectional direct current converter from the unidirectional direct current converter and a third current flowing into the load in real time;
If the variation of the third current in a first preset time exceeds a current variation threshold; the second current is controlled to change following the change of the third current first, and then the first current is controlled to change following the change of the third current.
2. The adaptive control method of the operating conditions of a plant with multiple operating modes according to claim 1, characterized in that:
Calculating the output power of the fuel cell, the power required by the load and the voltage of the storage battery;
And if the output power of the fuel cell is less than the power required by the load and the voltage of the storage battery is greater than the over-discharge voltage of the storage battery, controlling the unidirectional direct current converter to work in a maximum power point tracking state and controlling the forward working state of the bidirectional direct current converter to be a voltage reduction state.
3. The method for adaptive control of the operating conditions of a plant with several operating modes according to claim 2, characterized in that:
If the output power of the fuel cell is larger than the power required by the load, the voltage of the storage battery is smaller than the over-discharge voltage of the storage battery, and the second current is smaller than the maximum allowable charging current of the storage battery, controlling the unidirectional direct current converter to work in a maximum power point tracking state and controlling the forward working state of the bidirectional direct current converter to be a boosting state; wherein the second current is a current flowing from the unidirectional dc converter to the bidirectional dc converter.
4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that:
When the unidirectional direct current converter works in a maximum power point tracking state and the bidirectional direct current converter works in a boosting state, if the voltage of the storage battery reaches the overcharge voltage or the second current reaches the maximum allowable charge current of the storage battery, the unidirectional direct current converter is controlled to work in a constant voltage state.
5. The method for adaptive control of the operating conditions of a plant having a plurality of operating modes according to claim 4, characterized in that:
if the output power of the fuel cell is zero, the unidirectional direct current converter is in a shutdown state, the first current is zero, and the second current is the current output from the bidirectional direct current converter to the load, so that the forward working state of the bidirectional direct current converter is controlled to be a step-down state.
6. The method for adaptive control of the operating conditions of a plant having a plurality of operating modes according to claim 5, characterized in that:
and when the forward working state of the bidirectional direct current converter is a voltage reduction state and the output power of the fuel cell is zero, if the voltage of the storage battery is less than the over-discharge voltage of the storage battery, the bidirectional direct current converter is turned off and the power station is controlled to stop supplying power to the load.
7. The method for adaptive control of the operating conditions of a plant with several operating modes according to claim 2, characterized in that:
Calculating the output power of the energy storage battery;
And if the output power of the energy storage battery is zero and the bidirectional direct current converter is in a turn-off state, controlling the single-phase direct current converter to work in a constant voltage state.
8. The method for adaptive control of the operating conditions of a plant with several operating modes according to claim 2, characterized in that:
And if the power required by the load is zero and the voltage of the storage battery is less than the over-discharge voltage of the storage battery, controlling the unidirectional direct current converter to work in a constant voltage state and controlling the forward working state of the bidirectional direct current converter to be a boosting state.
9. The method of adaptive control of the operating conditions of a plant having a plurality of operating modes according to claim 6, characterized in that:
And generating a gating signal by using the output current of the energy storage battery, the output voltage of the energy storage battery and the output voltage of the fuel cell, and controlling the unidirectional direct current converter to work in a maximum power point tracking state or a constant voltage state by using the gating signal.
10. The method for adaptive control of the operating conditions of a plant with several operating modes according to claim 2, characterized in that:
When the unidirectional direct current converter works in a maximum power point tracking state and the forward working state of the bidirectional direct current converter is a voltage reduction state, detecting the output current of the bidirectional direct current converter;
And in a second preset time period, if the forward output current of the bidirectional direct current converter is always greater than the first preset current or the reverse output current of the bidirectional direct current converter is always greater than the second preset current, the alternating current load is cut off firstly, and then the direct current load is cut off.
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