CN110405217A - The porous energy-absorbing material of functionally gradient and its manufacturing method - Google Patents
The porous energy-absorbing material of functionally gradient and its manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110405217A CN110405217A CN201810401761.6A CN201810401761A CN110405217A CN 110405217 A CN110405217 A CN 110405217A CN 201810401761 A CN201810401761 A CN 201810401761A CN 110405217 A CN110405217 A CN 110405217A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/002—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
- B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
- B32B3/14—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a face layer formed of separate pieces of material which are juxtaposed side-by-side
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/558—Impact strength, toughness
Abstract
The invention belongs to porous material technical field more particularly to a kind of porous energy-absorbing material of functionally gradient and its manufacturing methods.The porous energy-absorbing material of functionally gradient includes several energy-absorbing material layers, and connection is laminated at least one direction of each energy-absorbing material layer in orthogonal space three-dimensional；Each energy-absorbing material layer includes several interconnections and hollow cubic unit cell space, and along the stacking direction of each energy-absorbing material layer, formula arranges the structure of each cubic unit cell space of each energy-absorbing material layer in gradient.Each layer of energy-absorbing material layer of material of the present invention passes through several hollow cubic unit cell spaces and is interconnected to form, the arrangement and distribution of the formula in gradient in one or more directions of the cubic unit cell space in orthogonal space three-dimensional, it is set to absorb the effect of presentation functionally gradient formula in buffering or impact energy in the direction, not only porous material size is easy to control, and there is functionally gradient effect to cause and can effectively support unidirectionally to be impacted.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to porous material technical field more particularly to a kind of porous energy-absorbing material of functionally gradient and its manufacturers
Method.
Background technique
Porous material is a kind of by being mutually communicated or closed hole constitutes network structure material.Typical pore structure has:
The two-dimensional structure for assembling formation in the plane by a large amount of polygonal holes, due to be shaped like hexagonal structure in honeycomb and by
Referred to as " honeycomb " material；More generally by the hole of a large amount of orderly or unordered (i.e. rule or irregular) in space clustering shape
At three-dimensional structure.If these holes are unordered (i.e. irregularly), it is normally referred to as " foam " material, it is typical such as foam
Aluminium.In addition, if communicated between hole, referred to as open cell porous material；If be not connected between hole, i.e., each hole
It is completely separated with hole around, then referred to as closed pore porous material；It certainly, is half aperture semi-closure hole there are also hole.
For opposite continuous media material, porous material generally have relative density is low, specific strength is high, specific surface area is high,
The advantages that light-weight, sound insulation, heat-insulated, good penetrability.In addition, porous material usually has very high damping vibration attenuation and impact energy
The ability absorbed is measured, therefore is commonly used for manufacture buffering or energy absorber and first accessory.
Porous metal material is a kind of typical porous material.The porous metal material being widely used in energy absorber at present
For cellular and foam type structure (being more typically foamed aluminium).In the automotive industry, hardened using porous metals sandwich
Structure can manufacture automobile cover plate, truck cap and sliding roof etc., to mitigate the quality of structural member and improve the rigidity of structural member.It is more
Mesoporous metal battenboard also has the effect of that high absorption impact can with sound.In aerospace industry, porous metals have been studied
For the impact energy absorber element in space shuttle landing chassis in shipbuilding industry.In railway locomotive industry, porous metals core material
Large-scale panelling has been used for the multipart construction of being permitted in modernization passenger steamer, and porous metals sandwich structure is dropped in watercraft engine room vibration damping
It is applied in making an uproar.
Application of the current porous material in buffering energy-absorbing occasion is primarily present following two points problem:
(1) three are broadly divided into based on porous metal material for impact damper system and the porous material of buffering energy-absorbing occasion
Tie up " foamed aluminium " of structure and " aluminum honeycomb " material of two-dimensional structure.On the one hand, the structure cells such as the hole shape of foamed aluminium, aperture, hole
Element is not easy to control, leads to nonuniform organization, thus energy-absorbing effect it is difficult to predict with control；On the other hand, bi-dimensional cellular metal
It can only support and unidirectionally be impacted, it is helpless to the impact of Multi-orientation multi-angle.
(2) structural form for impact damper system and the porous material of buffering energy-absorbing occasion is relatively simple, does not have edge
The functionally gradient effect of a direction or multiple directions.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of porous energy-absorbing material of functionally gradient and its manufacturing methods, it is intended to solve existing
Porous material size in technology is not easy to control, and does not have functionally gradient effect and cause and be merely able to unidirectionally being impacted
Technical problem.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that: a kind of porous energy-absorbing material of functionally gradient, if including
Connection is laminated in dry energy-absorbing material layer, at least one direction of each energy-absorbing material layer in orthogonal space three-dimensional；
Each energy-absorbing material layer includes several interconnections and hollow cubic unit cell space, each energy-absorbing material
Along the stacking direction of each energy-absorbing material layer, formula arranges the structure of each cubic unit cell space of layer in gradient.
Preferably, the volume of each cubic unit cell space connected along the stacking direction of each energy-absorbing material layer is in ladder
The increasing or decreasing of degree formula arranges.
Preferably, the wall thickness of each cubic unit cell space connected along the stacking direction of each energy-absorbing material layer is in ladder
The increasing or decreasing of degree formula arranges.
Preferably, the material of each cubic unit cell space connected along the stacking direction of each energy-absorbing material layer is in ladder
The variation of degree formula arranges.
Preferably, the volume and wall of each cubic unit cell space connected along the stacking direction of each energy-absorbing material layer
The thick increasing or decreasing arrangement of formula in gradient.
Preferably, the wall thickness of each cubic unit cell space connected along the stacking direction of each energy-absorbing material layer is in ladder
The increasing or decreasing of degree formula arranges and the variation of the equal gradient type of material arrangement.
Preferably, the volume of each cubic unit cell space connected along the stacking direction of each energy-absorbing material layer is in ladder
The increasing or decreasing of degree formula arranges and the variation arrangement of material formula in gradient.
Preferably, each energy-absorbing material layer of lamination connection is at least one layer of identical energy-absorbing material layer for one
Gradient.
Preferably, each cubic unit cell space of each energy-absorbing material layer of lamination connection is three-dimensional along orthogonal space
Formula arranges in two opposite directions in direction in gradient.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: the porous energy-absorbing material of functionally gradient of the invention, each layer of energy-absorbing material layer are logical
Several hollow cubic unit cell spaces are crossed to be interconnected to form, these cubic unit cell spaces in orthogonal space three-dimensional one
The arrangement and distribution of a or multiple directions formula in gradient absorb it in buffering or impact energy in the direction and function are presented
The effect of gradient type.Due to the uniqueness on cubic unit cell space and integral gradient structure, the porous energy-absorbing material of the functionally gradient
In terms of mechanical property (especially shock dynamics performance), possess the incomparable advantage of other each polyporous materials.With
Two-dimensional cellular material is compared, the porous energy-absorbing material of the functionally gradient can support by one in the orthogonal space three-dimensional or
The impact (bi-dimensional cellular material, which can only support, unidirectionally to be impacted) of multiple directions, and the absorption of impact energy has functionally gradient formula
Effect；Compared with three-dimensional foam metal, the structure of the porous energy-absorbing material of the functionally gradient is relatively uniform, the structure cell of integral material
It equably, gradient type neatly arranges in the direction or multiple directions of (cubic unit cell space) in orthogonal space three-dimensional
Column, so that stable functionally gradient spy is presented in the mechanical property (including statics and dynamic performance) of material in this direction
Property.In addition, structure cell (cubic unit cell space) size of the porous energy-absorbing material of the functionally gradient is controllable compared to cellular material, lead to
It crosses the size and number for controlling the cubic unit cell space, generates that volume is different, porous energy-absorbing materials of functionally gradient of various specifications
Material, it is filled into protected position to be more advantageous to, therefore the relative density of the porous energy-absorbing material of functionally gradient and
Porosity is also just controllable, and then can prepare the material of different size according to the actual situation, meets different application demands.
It is that the present invention uses another solution is that a kind of manufacturing method of the porous energy-absorbing material of functionally gradient, including such as
Lower step:
The different energy-absorbing material layer of several layers structure is prepared, wherein each energy-absorbing material layer includes several interconnections
And hollow cubic unit cell space；
Connection is laminated at least one direction of each energy-absorbing material layer in orthogonal space three-dimensional, and is made each
Along the stacking direction of each energy-absorbing material layer, formula arranges the structure of the cubic unit cell space in gradient.
The manufacturing method of the porous energy-absorbing material of functionally gradient of the invention, the porous energy-absorbing material of the functionally gradient produced
Each layer of energy-absorbing material layer pass through several hollow cubic unit cell spaces and be interconnected to form, these cubic unit cell space edges
The arrangement and distribution of the formula in gradient in one or more directions in orthogonal space three-dimensional, make its in the direction buffering or
Impact energy absorbs the effect that functionally gradient formula is presented, due to the uniqueness on cubic unit cell space and integral gradient structure,
The porous energy-absorbing material of the functionally gradient possesses other all kinds of porous materials in terms of mechanical property (especially shock dynamics performance)
Expect incomparable advantage, i.e., not only porous material size is easy to control, and there is functionally gradient effect to cause and can have
Effect, which is supported, is unidirectionally impacted.
Detailed description of the invention
It to describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, below will be to embodiment or description of the prior art
Needed in attached drawing be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only of the invention some
Embodiment for those of ordinary skill in the art without any creative labor, can also be according to these
Attached drawing obtains other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the stereochemical structure of the first embodiment of the porous energy-absorbing material of functionally gradient provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the planar structure of the first embodiment of the porous energy-absorbing material of functionally gradient provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the Section View of the line A-A along Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the stereochemical structure of second of embodiment of the porous energy-absorbing material of functionally gradient provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the planar structure of second of embodiment of the porous energy-absorbing material of functionally gradient provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is the Section View of the line B-B along Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is the stereochemical structure of the third embodiment of the porous energy-absorbing material of functionally gradient provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is the planar structure of the third embodiment of the porous energy-absorbing material of functionally gradient provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Schematic diagram.
Fig. 9 is the Section View of the line C-C along Fig. 8.
Wherein, each appended drawing reference in figure:
10-energy-absorbing material 11-cubic unit of layer cell space L-gradient.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described below in detail, examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein from beginning to end
Same or similar label indicates same or similar element or element with the same or similar functions.Below with reference to attached
The embodiment that Fig. 1~9 is described is exemplary, it is intended to is used to explain the present invention, and is not considered as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that, term " length ", " width ", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear",
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom" "inner", "outside" is based on attached drawing institute
The orientation or positional relationship shown, is merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, rather than the dress of indication or suggestion meaning
It sets or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore should not be understood as to limit of the invention
System.
In addition, term " first ", " second " are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or suggesting relative importance
Or implicitly indicate the quantity of indicated technical characteristic.Define " first " as a result, the feature of " second " can be expressed or
Implicitly include one or more of the features.In the description of the present invention, the meaning of " plurality " is two or more,
Unless otherwise specifically defined.
In the present invention unless specifically defined or limited otherwise, term " installation ", " connected ", " connection ", " fixation " etc.
Term shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be being fixedly connected, may be a detachable connection, or integral；It can be mechanical connect
It connects, is also possible to be electrically connected；It can be directly connected, can also can be in two elements indirectly connected through an intermediary
The interaction relationship of the connection in portion or two elements.It for the ordinary skill in the art, can be according to specific feelings
Condition understands the concrete meaning of above-mentioned term in the present invention.
As shown in figure 1-9, the porous energy-absorbing material of a kind of functionally gradient provided in an embodiment of the present invention, can be each using making
The impact energy-absorbing original part of kind industry.The porous energy-absorbing material of functionally gradient includes several energy-absorbing material layers 10, each energy-absorbing material
Connection is laminated at least one direction of layer 10 in orthogonal space three-dimensional, for example, the direction in orthogonal space three-dimensional
Can be X axis, Y-axis or Z axis to；Each energy-absorbing material layer 10 includes several interconnections and hollow cube list
First cell space 11, the structure of each cubic unit cell space 11 of each energy-absorbing material layer 10 is along each energy-absorbing material layer 10
Formula arranges stacking direction in gradient.
Specifically, the porous energy-absorbing material of the functionally gradient of the embodiment of the present invention, each layer of energy-absorbing material layer 10 pass through
Several hollow cubic unit cell spaces 11 are interconnected to form, these cubic unit cell spaces 11 are along orthogonal space three-dimensional
The arrangement and distribution of the formula in gradient in one or more directions absorb it in buffering or impact energy in the direction and function are presented
The effect of energy gradient type.Due to the uniqueness on cubic unit cell space 11 and integral gradient structure, the porous energy-absorbing of the functionally gradient
Material possesses incomparable excellent of other each polyporous materials in terms of the mechanical property (especially shock dynamics performance)
Gesture.Compared with two-dimensional cellular material, the porous energy-absorbing material of the functionally gradient can be supported by orthogonal space three-dimensional
The impact (bi-dimensional cellular material, which can only support, unidirectionally to be impacted) in one or more directions, and the absorption of impact energy has function ladder
The effect of degree formula；Compared with three-dimensional foam metal, the structure of the porous energy-absorbing material of the functionally gradient is relatively uniform, integral material
A direction or multiple directions of the structure cell (cubic unit cell space 11) in orthogonal space three-dimensional equably, gradient type
Proper alignment, so that stable function ladder is presented in the mechanical property (including statics and dynamic performance) of material in this direction
Spend characteristic.In addition, structure cell (cubic unit cell space 11) size of the porous energy-absorbing material of the functionally gradient can compared to cellular material
Control, by controlling the size and number of the cubic unit cell space 11, generation volume is different, various specifications functionally gradients are porous
Energy-absorbing material is filled into it in protected position to be more advantageous to, therefore the porous energy-absorbing material of functionally gradient is opposite
Density and porosity are also just controllable, and then can prepare the material of different size according to the actual situation, meet different application need
It asks.
More specifically, the porous energy-absorbing material of the functionally gradient of the present embodiment is in specific application, when its compressed or
When impact, the hole and tissue of material internal will collapse, and material is by itself internal modification, compression or impact
Energy is converted into the strain energy of material to sponge.For the internal structure with cubic unit cell space 11 porous material and
Speech, mechanical property (including statics and dynamic performance) is then by the material of cubic unit cell space 11, volume (side length) and wall
Thickness and the arranged distribution of these cubic unit cell spaces 11 these factors are determined.Therefore, there can be different materials by compound
The cubic unit of matter, volume or wall thickness, and arrange these cubic units according to certain rules in material internal to realize monolith
Porous material has the mechanical property of functionally gradient formula.
Further, the porous energy-absorbing material of the functionally gradient of the embodiment of the present invention is by 11 groups of a large amount of cubic unit cell space
At.That is the internal organizational structure of the functionally gradient porous material can be divided into cubic unit cell space 11 one by one, and each cube
Unit cell space 11 is the structure of hollow, totally-enclosed (can also be connected to by aperture), generally millimeter magnitude (but being not limited to).And
And between each cubic unit cell space 11 be it is interconnected, can be by preparing a large amount of cube in advance for preparation process
Unit cell space 11, then these cubic unit cell spaces 11 are piled up by the means such as gluing, Laser Welding or soldering be spliced into it is whole
The method of the functionally gradient porous material of body generates；It can also be directly prepared by modes such as 3D printing, powder metallurgy.
In the present embodiment, one of embodiment of the porous energy-absorbing material of functionally gradient is: as shown in figs. 1 to 6, edge
Each energy-absorbing material layer 10 stacking direction connection each cubic unit cell space 11 volume in gradient formula be incremented by or
Successively decrease arrangement.Specifically, the structure of each cubic unit cell space 11 of the energy-absorbing material layer 10 of same layer is identical, and different
The cubic unit cell space 11 of the energy-absorbing material layer 10 of layer with the incremental of the volume of cubic unit cell space 11 or is passed along stacking direction
Subtract and arrange in gradient, thus the functionally gradient effect of real material.
In the present embodiment, one of embodiment of the porous energy-absorbing material of functionally gradient is: as shown in figs. 7-9, edge
Each energy-absorbing material layer 10 stacking direction connection each cubic unit cell space 11 wall thickness in gradient formula be incremented by or
Successively decrease arrangement.Specifically, the structure of each cubic unit cell space 11 of the energy-absorbing material layer 10 of same layer is identical, and different
The cubic unit cell space 11 of the energy-absorbing material layer 10 of layer with the incremental of the wall thickness of cubic unit cell space 11 or is passed along stacking direction
Subtract and arrange in gradient, thus the functionally gradient effect of real material.
In the present embodiment, one of embodiment of the porous energy-absorbing material of functionally gradient is: along each energy-absorbing material
The bed of material 10 stacking direction connection each cubic unit cell space 11 material in gradient formula variation arrangement.Specifically, together
The structure of each cubic unit cell space 11 of one layer of energy-absorbing material layer 10 is identical, and the energy-absorbing material layer 10 of different layers
Cubic unit cell space 11 is arranged with the variation of the material of cubic unit cell space 11 in gradient along stacking direction, thus real material
Functionally gradient effect.
In the present embodiment, one of embodiment of the porous energy-absorbing material of functionally gradient is: along each energy-absorbing material
The volume and the wall thickness increasing or decreasing of formula in gradient of each cubic unit cell space 11 of the stacking direction connection of the bed of material 10
Arrangement.Specifically, the structure of each cubic unit cell space 11 of the energy-absorbing material layer 10 of same layer is identical, and different layers
The cubic unit cell space 11 of energy-absorbing material layer 10 along stacking direction with the volume of cubic unit cell space 11 and wall thickness be incremented by or
Successively decrease and arrange in gradient, thus the functionally gradient effect of real material.
In the present embodiment, one of embodiment of the porous energy-absorbing material of functionally gradient is: along each energy-absorbing material
The bed of material 10 stacking direction connection each cubic unit cell space 11 wall thickness in gradient formula increasing or decreasing arrangement and
The variation of the equal gradient type of material arranges.Specifically, the knot of each cubic unit cell space 11 of the energy-absorbing material layer 10 of same layer
Structure is identical, and the cubic unit cell space 11 of the energy-absorbing material layer 10 of different layers is along stacking direction with cubic unit cell space 11
The increasing or decreasing of wall thickness and the variation of material arrange in gradient, thus the functionally gradient effect of real material.
In the present embodiment, one of embodiment of the porous energy-absorbing material of functionally gradient is: along each energy-absorbing material
The bed of material 10 stacking direction connection each cubic unit cell space 11 volume in gradient formula increasing or decreasing arrangement and
Material in gradient formula variation arrangement.Specifically, the knot of each cubic unit cell space 11 of the energy-absorbing material layer 10 of same layer
Structure is identical, and the cubic unit cell space 11 of the energy-absorbing material layer 10 of different layers is along stacking direction with cubic unit cell space 11
The increasing or decreasing of volume and the variation of material arrange in gradient, thus the functionally gradient effect of real material.
Further, the case where is functionally gradient is presented in above embodiment in one direction, but in fact, the present invention is real
The functionally gradient porous material for applying example can be presented along space just by the appropriate arrangement of the cubic unit cell space 11 to its inside
Hand over one, two even three direction functionally gradient effects of three-dimensional.User can be according to the actual situation to material internal
Cubic unit carries out flexible permutation and combination, makes the functionally gradient performance that materials show is varied, powerful.
Certainly, other than the permutation and combination method of six kinds of above-mentioned cubic unit cell spaces 11, also: the energy-absorbing material of same layer
The structure of each cubic unit cell space 11 of the bed of material 10 is different and is arranged in gradient with certain direction.
The functionally gradient porous material of the embodiment of the present invention is with very big advantage: first, cube list of material internal
The tissue structure sizes of first cell space 11 are controllable, and the consistency of entire porous material is very high so that material have it is very good
Performance；Second, the cubic unit cell space 11 of material internal has various arrangement combination, and internal structure change multiplicity makes it
The effect of varied, powerful porous functionally gradient formula can be presented；Third, the contour structures of material are cube,
It can be easily filled into protected position (very easily as the packing material of energy-absorbing), applicability is wide.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Fig. 1~2, Fig. 4~5 and Fig. 8~9, each energy-absorbing material layer 10 of lamination connection
With at least one layer of identical energy-absorbing material layer 10 for a gradient L.Specifically, the porous suction of the functionally gradient arranged in gradient
It, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, can be with one layer of identical energy-absorbing material layer 10 for a gradient L, such as the institute of Fig. 8~9 in energy material
Show, can also be that a gradient L can also be with three layers of phase as shown in Fig. 1~2 with two layers of identical energy-absorbing material layer 10
The same energy-absorbing material layer 10 is that the identical energy-absorbing material layer 10 of a gradient L or three layers or more is a ladder
L is spent, adaptability selection is carried out according to the size of the porous energy-absorbing material overall volume of functionally gradient.For example, along a direction, often
Between the perhaps volume of cubic unit cell space 11 or the wall thickness formula in gradient in three layers of energy-absorbing material layer 10 of alternating floor or two layers
Increasing or decreasing arrangement or material in gradient formula variation arrangement.
In the present embodiment, as shown in figs. 7-9, each cube list of each energy-absorbing material layer 10 of lamination connection
Formula arranges in gradient in two in orthogonal space three-dimensional of first cell space 11 opposite direction.For example, each energy-absorbing material
The positive and negative both direction of the X-axis in orthogonal space three-dimensional of each cubic unit cell space 11 of the bed of material 10 formula in gradient
Arrangement.In another example the Y in orthogonal space three-dimensional of each cubic unit cell space 11 of each energy-absorbing material layer 10
Formula arranges the positive and negative both direction of axis in gradient.In another example each cubic unit cell space 11 of each energy-absorbing material layer 10
The Z axis in orthogonal space three-dimensional positive and negative both direction in gradient formula arrange.
The functionally gradient porous material of the embodiment of the present invention is mainly used for buffering or impact energy absorbs, but the function of the material
It can be without being limited thereto.Therefore porous material has an excellent performance of other aspects, such as light structures, sound insulation, heat-insulated, for porous
Metal material also has good electro-magnetic wave absorption (electromagnetic shielding) characteristic, so the fields such as environment-friendly engineering have in Communication Engineering
It widely should way.And the functionally gradient porous material of the embodiment of the present invention, it is equally applicable to the field of these function and usages.
Be shown in Fig. 1~3 all cubic unit cell spaces 11 material it is identical with wall thickness, but the body of cubic unit cell space 11
Product is formed by the embodiment of functionally gradient porous material along a direction increase and decrease.As shown in Figure 1, the embodiment is along vertical
Volume and quantity just in gradient formula change of the direction every three layers of (L is three layers of identical energy-absorbing material layer 10) cubic unit cell space 11
Change, but the volume of the cubic unit cell space 11 in every three layers and quantity are identical.In this way, compressed when the embodiment or
When person impacts, beneath three layers of cubic unit cell space 11 can deform collapsings first, absorb a part and compress or impact energy；
When compression or impact energy continue and are continuously increased, layer third from the bottom can then deform collapsing, continue to absorb increased
This partial shrinkage or impact energy；When compression or impact energy again continue and be continuously increased, then, from the bottom up, every three
The cubic unit cell space 11 of layer just deforms collapsings in succession, the energy for constantly absorbing compression or impacting to gradient type, to quilt
The object of protection plays the protection of duration.
It is that functionally gradient porous material is similar with Fig. 1 shown in Fig. 4~6, except that material shown in Fig. 2 is vertical
The volume of Fang Danyuan cell space 11 vertically every layer occur gradient type variation (i.e. L be one layer of identical energy-absorbing material layer
10)。
Be shown in Fig. 7~9 all cubic unit cell spaces 11 material and volume it is all the same, but cubic unit cell space 11
Wall thickness is formed by functionally gradient porous material along a direction increase and decrease.The embodiment is with every two layers for a gradient L (L two
The identical energy-absorbing material layer 10 of layer), i.e., it is two layers every in cubic unit cell space 11 material and volume it is all the same, but every two layers
Increasing or decreasing just occurs for the wall thickness of cubic unit cell space 11.In addition, the wall thickness of cubic unit cell space 11 shown in Fig. 3, along vertical
Histogram to both ends change, such situation is equally applicable to other embodiment.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of manufacturing method of porous energy-absorbing material of functionally gradient, includes the following steps:
S01: the different energy-absorbing material layer 10 of preparation several layers structure, wherein each energy-absorbing material layer 10 includes several
Interconnection and hollow cubic unit cell space 11；
S02: being laminated connection at least one direction of each energy-absorbing material layer 10 in orthogonal space three-dimensional, and
So that along the stacking direction of each energy-absorbing material layer 10, formula arranges the structure of each cubic unit cell space 11 in gradient.
The manufacturing method of the porous energy-absorbing material of the functionally gradient of the embodiment of the present invention, the porous suction of the functionally gradient produced
Each layer of energy-absorbing material layer 10 of energy material is interconnected to form by several hollow cubic unit cell spaces 11, these cubes
The arrangement and distribution of the formula in gradient in one or more directions of the unit cell space 11 in orthogonal space three-dimensional make its edge should
Direction absorbs the effect that functionally gradient formula is presented in buffering or impact energy, due to cubic unit cell space 11 and integral gradient knot
Uniqueness on structure, the porous energy-absorbing material of the functionally gradient possess in terms of mechanical property (especially shock dynamics performance)
The incomparable advantage of other each polyporous materials, i.e., not only porous material size is easy to control, and has functionally gradient effect
Cause and can effectively support unidirectionally to be impacted.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of porous energy-absorbing material of functionally gradient, it is characterised in that: including several energy-absorbing material layers, each energy-absorbing material layer
Connection is laminated at least one direction in orthogonal space three-dimensional；
Each energy-absorbing material layer include it is several interconnection and hollow cubic unit cell space, each energy-absorbing material layer
Along the stacking direction of each energy-absorbing material layer, formula arranges the structure of each cubic unit cell space in gradient.
2. the porous energy-absorbing material of functionally gradient according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: along each energy-absorbing material layer
Stacking direction connection each cubic unit cell space volume in gradient formula increasing or decreasing arrangement.
3. the porous energy-absorbing material of functionally gradient according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: along each energy-absorbing material layer
Stacking direction connection each cubic unit cell space wall thickness in gradient formula increasing or decreasing arrangement.
4. the porous energy-absorbing material of functionally gradient according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: along each energy-absorbing material layer
Stacking direction connection each cubic unit cell space material in gradient formula variation arrangement.
5. the porous energy-absorbing material of functionally gradient according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: along each energy-absorbing material layer
The increasing or decreasing arrangement of formula in gradient of the volume and wall thickness of each cubic unit cell space of stacking direction connection.
6. the porous energy-absorbing material of functionally gradient according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: along each energy-absorbing material layer
Stacking direction connection each cubic unit cell space wall thickness in gradient formula increasing or decreasing arrangement and the equal gradient of material
The variation of formula arranges.
7. the porous energy-absorbing material of functionally gradient according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: along each energy-absorbing material layer
Stacking direction connection each cubic unit cell space volume in gradient formula increasing or decreasing arrangement and material in gradient
The variation of formula arranges.
8. the porous energy-absorbing material of described in any item functionally gradients according to claim 1~7, it is characterised in that: lamination connection
Each energy-absorbing material layer is at least one layer of identical energy-absorbing material layer for a gradient.
9. the porous energy-absorbing material of described in any item functionally gradients according to claim 1~7, it is characterised in that: lamination connection
The direction that two in orthogonal space three-dimensional of each cubic unit cell space of each energy-absorbing material layer are opposite is in
Gradient type arrangement.
10. a kind of manufacturing method of the porous energy-absorbing material of functionally gradient, characterized by the following steps:
Prepare the different energy-absorbing material layer of several layers structure, wherein each energy-absorbing material layer include several interconnections and in
Empty cubic unit cell space；
Connection is laminated at least one direction of each energy-absorbing material layer in orthogonal space three-dimensional, and is made each described
Along the stacking direction of each energy-absorbing material layer, formula arranges the structure of cubic unit cell space in gradient.
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Application publication date: 20191105 |