CN110350581B - Photovoltaic parking shed system of electric automobile and control method thereof - Google Patents

Photovoltaic parking shed system of electric automobile and control method thereof Download PDF

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CN110350581B
CN110350581B CN201910625083.6A CN201910625083A CN110350581B CN 110350581 B CN110350581 B CN 110350581B CN 201910625083 A CN201910625083 A CN 201910625083A CN 110350581 B CN110350581 B CN 110350581B
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switch group
control module
load
power
energy supply
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CN110350581A (en
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徐凯
王可欣
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Beijing Speed Vision Technology Co ltd
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Chongqing Jiaotong University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B60L53/51—Photovoltaic means
    • H02J3/385—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/48—Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations

Abstract

The invention provides a photovoltaic parking shed system of an electric automobile, which is characterized in that: the system comprises a public power grid, wherein the public power grid adopts a three-phase five-wire system and comprises 3 phase wires; the photovoltaic parking shed system for the electric automobile further comprises a plurality of parking subsystems, wherein each parking subsystem comprises a switch group control module, 3 charging groups, 3 DC/AC inverters, 3 power meters, a plurality of photovoltaic arrays, a plurality of DC/DC converters and a plurality of electronic switch groups; the invention also provides a control method of the photovoltaic parking shed system of the electric automobile, which is mainly used for reasonably allocating the energy supply unit according to the sufficient condition of the photovoltaic power generation quantity so as to meet the requirement of charging the load unit and simultaneously transmitting electric energy to a public power grid. By adopting the system and the method, the impact and the influence on the public power grid can be reduced while the photovoltaic electric energy is effectively utilized, the problem of unbalanced three-phase voltage of the public power grid caused by uneven parking of the electric automobile is effectively relieved, and the power supply quality of the public power grid is indirectly improved.

Description

Photovoltaic parking shed system of electric automobile and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a photovoltaic parking shed system of an electric automobile and a control method thereof.
Background
At present, the market demand of domestic electric automobiles is in a spiral rising trend, but the problem of difficult charging exists. Because the photovoltaic parking shed of electric automobile can still provide continuous green electric power and supply electric automobile to charge when satisfying the parking demand, consequently, photovoltaic parking shed begins to be used more and more.
The existing photovoltaic parking shed for the electric automobile is usually connected with a public power grid in a grid mode to work, and photovoltaic power generation of the photovoltaic parking shed is combined into a three-phase public power grid (commercial power) while charging of the electric automobile is achieved. The public power grid is of a three-phase five-wire system, and is provided with a zero line N and a protection line PE besides three phases A, B and C. When designing the photovoltaic bicycle shed, to filling electric pile under a certain row of parking shed, it is corresponding with a certain of public power grid three looks facies usually, just so can avoid causing the phase sequence confusion. However, in the actual use process, the parking of the electric vehicles is random, when a large number of electric vehicles are concentrated under the same row of carports at the same time for charging, the load of one of the three phases of the power supply system is increased, and in the most extreme case, all the electric vehicles under one row or two rows of carports are charged, and the rest of the carports in the other rows are all idle, so that the three-phase public power grid is unbalanced, the voltage of the phase with large load of the public power grid drops sharply, and at the moment, if the electric energy for photovoltaic power generation is only simply and evenly allocated or is unreasonably allocated, the impact and the influence on the three-phase balance of the public power grid are increased. When three-phase load is unbalanced, a transformer supplied by a public power grid is in an asymmetric operation state, so that transformer loss and zero-sequence current are overlarge, local metal parts are heated and increased, and even the transformer is burnt out when the temperature of the local metal parts is increased seriously.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the background art, the invention provides a photovoltaic parking shed system of an electric automobile and a control method aiming at the system, so as to solve the problems that the electric energy distribution is unreasonable and the three-phase voltage of a public power grid is unbalanced when the photovoltaic parking shed and the public power grid are connected in a grid mode to charge the electric automobile in the prior art.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the invention provides a photovoltaic parking shed system of an electric automobile, which has the innovation points that: the system comprises a public power grid, wherein the public power grid adopts a three-phase five-wire system and comprises 3 phase wires; the photovoltaic parking shed system of the electric automobile further comprises a plurality of parking subsystems, and the parking subsystems are connected with a public power grid;
the single parking subsystem comprises a switch bank control module, 3 charging banks, 3 DC/AC inverters, 3 power meters, a plurality of photovoltaic arrays, a plurality of DC/DC converters and a plurality of electronic switch banks; 3 power meters are in one-to-one correspondence with 3 charging groups, 3 DC/AC inverters are in one-to-one correspondence with 3 power meters, and 3 DC/AC inverters are in one-to-one correspondence with 3 phase lines of a public power grid; the plurality of DC/DC converters are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of photovoltaic arrays, and the plurality of electronic switch groups are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of DC/DC converters;
the single charging group consists of a plurality of charging piles, the plurality of charging piles governed by the single charging group are connected with corresponding power meters, the power meters are connected with the alternating current ends of the corresponding DC/AC inverters, and the alternating current ends of the DC/AC inverters are connected with the corresponding phase lines; the DC/DC converter is connected with the corresponding photovoltaic array; the electronic switch group is provided with 1 port T and 3 ports S, the port T of the electronic switch group is connected with the corresponding DC/DC converter, and the 3 ports S of the electronic switch group are respectively connected with the DC ends of the 3 DC/AC inverters;
the control part of the electronic switch group, the DC/DC converter and the power meter are all connected with the switch group control module;
the photovoltaic array is used for converting light energy into electric energy to be output;
the DC/AC inverter can convert the direct current output by the photovoltaic array into alternating current for output;
the DC/DC converter can perform boost conversion on electric energy output by the photovoltaic array, meanwhile, the DC/DC converter can track the maximum power point of the corresponding photovoltaic array in real time and transmit the maximum power value data acquired in real time to the switch group control module;
the power meter can acquire the load power value of the corresponding charging group in real time and send the acquired load power value data to the switch group control module;
the switch group control module can process the received data to obtain control instructions of a plurality of electronic switch groups and respectively send the control instructions to the control parts of the corresponding electronic switch groups;
the electronic switch group can gate one of the ports T and the 3 ports S or disconnect the ports T and the 3 ports S according to a control instruction sent by the switch group control module.
The invention also provides a control method for the photovoltaic parking shed system of the electric automobile, which has the innovation points that: the control method of the photovoltaic parking shed system of the electric automobile comprises the following steps of:
a single parking subsystem is provided with m photovoltaic arrays, m DC/DC converters and m electronic switch groups; the rated power consumption P of the DC/AC inverter is stored in the switch group control module Reverse consumption Value and rated power consumption P of DC/DC converter Direct consumption A value; 3P governed by parking subsystem Reverse consumption And m number of P Direct consumption The sum of which is denoted as the total internal consumption P Total consumption I.e. P Total consumption ＝3P Reverse consumption +mP Direct consumption ；
After the parking subsystem is started up,
the method comprises the following steps that (I) a DC/DC converter acquires the maximum power generated by a corresponding photovoltaic array in real time and transmits the data of the current maximum power value to a switch group control module; the m DC/DC converters respectively transmit m current maximum power value data to the switch group control module;
the switch group control module sums the received m current maximum power value data to obtain the current total power generation amount P of the parking subsystem Hair collecting device 。
(III) the switch group control module controls the current total power generation amount P Hair collecting device And total internal consumption P Total consumption And (3) comparison: when P is present Hair collecting device ≤P Total consumption Entering the step (IV); when P is present Hair collecting device ＞P Total consumption Entering the step (five);
(IV) the switch group control module controls the port T of each electronic switch group to be disconnected with the corresponding 3 ports S, and the step (I) is returned;
fifthly, the power meters acquire the current load power of the corresponding charging group in real time and transmit the acquired current load power value data to the switch group control module, and the 3 power meters respectively transmit the 3 current load power value data to the switch group control module;
(VI) the switch group control module sums the received 3 load power value data to obtain the current total load power P Total negative ；
(VII) the switch group control module obtains the current total effective output energy P according to a formula I Total efficiency of (ii) a Then, the switch group control module outputs total energy P to the current effective output Total effective Total power P with current load Total negative And (3) comparison: when P is Total efficiency of ＞P Total negative Then, control is carried out according to the first method; when P is present Total efficiency of ≤P Total negative Then, control is carried out according to the second method;
then, returning to the step (one);
the first formula is as follows:
P total efficiency of ＝P Hair collecting device -P Total consumption
The first method comprises the following steps:
1) Marking the photovoltaic array and the DC/DC converter corresponding to the photovoltaic array as an energy supply unit, wherein the energy supply unit and the controlled DC/DC converter correspond to the same electronic switch group; recording the charging group and the corresponding power meter and the DC/AC inverter as a load unit; the switch group control module respectively obtains the current calculated output energy of m energy supply units, wherein the current calculated output energy P of the ith energy supply unit i hair meter Obtaining according to a formula II; the switch group control module respectively obtains the current calculation load power of 3 load units, wherein the current calculation load power P of the jth load unit j is burden and counts Obtaining according to a formula III;
the second formula is:
P hair meter ＝P i hair -P i direct consumption
Wherein the value range of i is 1 to m; p i hair The current maximum power, P, of the photovoltaic array governed by the ith energy supply unit i direct loss Rated power consumption of a DC/DC converter governed by the ith energy supply unit;
the third formula is:
P j is burden and counts ＝P j is minus +P j inverse loss
Wherein j has a value ranging from 1 to 3; p j is minus Current load power, P, of the charging group governed by the jth load cell Inverse consumption of j Rated power consumption of a DC/AC inverter governed by the jth load unit;
2) The switch group control module allocates the energy supply units for 3 load units in sequence according to the method III, and the switch group control module completes allocation of the energy supply units for 1 load unit at each time, namely, controls the gating of a port T of an electronic switch group corresponding to the allocated energy supply unit and a port S connected with a DC/AC inverter governed by the corresponding load unit;
the third method comprises the following steps:
firstly, the switch group control module accumulates the current calculated output energy of the energy supply units one by one according to a formula IV and a sequence from 1 to m to obtain the accumulated output energy P n Ray Cumulative output energy P to be obtained every time of accumulation n Lo Calculated load power P with the first load unit 1 negative counter Making a comparison until P n Ray Equal to or just greater than P 1 negative counter The n energy supply units are allocated to the first load unit;
then, the switch group control module utilizes the rest energy supply units to allocate for the second load unit according to the mode;
then, the switch group control module utilizes the rest energy supply units to allocate for a third load unit according to the mode; if the accumulated output energy of all the residual energy supply units is less than/equal to/just greater than the calculated load power of the third load unit, all the residual energy supply units are allocated to the third load unit; if the remaining energy supply units are still left after the energy supply unit allocation for the third load unit is completed, allocating the remaining energy supply units to 3 load units one by one, wherein the 3 load units sequentially and circularly receive the allocated energy supply units, and each load unit only receives one allocated energy supply unit at a time until the last energy supply unit is allocated;
the fourth formula is:
Figure BDA0002126827600000041
wherein the value range of n is 1 to m;
the second method comprises the following steps:
a) The current load power of a charging group governed by a load unit accounts for the current load total power P Total negative Is expressed as the load percentage P of the load cell Negative ratio The switch group control module obtains the load percentage P of the jth load unit according to a formula V Negative ratio of j (ii) a The maximum power currently generated by the photovoltaic array governed by the energy supply unit accounts for the current total power generation amount P Hair collecting device Is recorded as the percentage P of the generated energy of the energy supply unit Hair ratio The switch group control module obtains the generated energy percentage P of the ith energy supply unit according to a formula six i hair ratio ；
The fifth formula is:
Figure BDA0002126827600000051
the sixth formula is:
Figure BDA0002126827600000052
b) The switch group control module allocates the energy supply units for 3 load units in sequence according to the method four, and the switch group control module completes allocation of the energy supply units for 1 load unit every time, namely, controls the gating of a port T of an electronic switch group corresponding to the allocated energy supply unit and a port S connected with a DC/AC inverter governed by the corresponding load unit;
the fourth method comprises the following steps:
firstly, the switch group control module accumulates the generated energy percentages of the energy supply units one by one according to a formula seven in the sequence from 1 to m to obtain an accumulated generated energy percentage P n hair Bimor Cumulative percentage of generated power P to be obtained each time n hair ratioTired of Percentage of load P to first load cell 1 negative ratio Making a comparison until P n hair Bimor Is equal to or just greater than P 1 negative ratio I.e. the n energy supply units are assigned to the first load unit;
the seventh formula is:
Figure BDA0002126827600000053
then, the switch group control module utilizes the rest energy supply units to allocate for the second load unit according to the mode;
the switch group control module then allocates all of the remaining energy supply units to the third load unit.
The principle of the invention is as follows: the inventor starts to solve the problems of the prior art from the following two aspects: because the main reason for causing the three-phase imbalance of the public power grid is that the loads of all charging groups, namely electric automobiles, are unbalanced, firstly, the photovoltaic power generation energy is reasonably allocated according to the imbalance of the loads to meet the electric energy requirement of all the charging groups, and simultaneously, the three-phase imbalance of the public power grid caused by the impact on the public power grid is reduced; meanwhile, because the energy of photovoltaic power generation is related to the illumination intensity, the invention adopts different power allocation modes according to the sufficiency of the photovoltaic power generation, more flexibly meets the requirements of charging sets with different loads, and simultaneously balances the residual electric energy injected into three phases of the public power grid.
In particular, as long as the total photovoltaic power generation amount P of the parking subsystem is Hair collecting device Greater than the total internal friction P Total consumption The electric energy generated by the photovoltaic power generation can be used for charging the electric automobile and using a public power grid.
When the illumination intensity is high and the photovoltaic power generation is sufficient, the total effective output energy P of the parking subsystem Total effective Greater than total power P of load Total negative In time, the parking subsystem allocates the electric energy of photovoltaic power generation in a 'self-generating self-using and residual electricity on-line' mode. Firstly, according to the different sizes of the loads of the 3 load units, the 3 load units are sequentially allocated with different photovoltaic electric energy to meet the requirementsThe charging load of the charging pile with 3 load units is sufficient, for redundant photovoltaic electric energy, the redundant photovoltaic electric energy is uniformly distributed to the 3 load units one by one in a circulating mode according to the energy supply unit serving as a distribution unit, and the redundant photovoltaic electric energy is uniformly transmitted to three phase lines of a public power grid for use due to the fact that the electric energy of a charging group governed by the load units is saturated in a short time, so that the charging load and the utilization of the public power grid on photovoltaic power generation are met, and meanwhile impact and influence on three-phase voltage balance of the public power grid are avoided.
When the illumination intensity is weak and the photovoltaic power generation is insufficient, the total effective output energy P of the parking subsystem Total effective Less than or equal to total power P of load Total negative In time, because the photovoltaic electric energy is not enough to meet the demand of the load, the electric energy of the photovoltaic power generation and the electric energy of the public power grid charge the load together. In order to reduce the three-phase voltage imbalance of the utility grid caused by the imbalance of the load of each load unit, the electric energy distribution of the photovoltaic power generation is carried out in a mode of being in direct proportion to the load size, more photovoltaic electric energy is distributed to the load unit with larger load, less photovoltaic electric energy is distributed to the load unit with smaller load, and the three-phase imbalance of the utility grid is relieved as much as possible.
Therefore, the method of the invention has the following beneficial effects: because the parking subsystem can allocate the photovoltaic electric energy according to the load of each load unit, the impact and the influence on the public power grid can be reduced while the photovoltaic electric energy is effectively utilized, the problem of unbalanced three-phase voltage of the public power grid caused by uneven parking of the electric automobile is effectively solved, and the power supply quality of the public power grid is indirectly improved.
Drawings
The drawings of the present invention are described below.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the connections of the hardware involved in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the parking subsystem.
In the figure: 1. a switch group control module; 2. a charging group; 3. a DC/AC inverter; 4. a power meter; 5. a photovoltaic array; 6. a DC/DC converter; 7. and an electronic switch group.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
The photovoltaic parking shed system for the electric automobile, disclosed by the invention, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2 comprises a public power grid, wherein the public power grid adopts a three-phase five-wire system, and the public power grid comprises 3 phase wires A, B and C, a zero line N and a protection line PE; the photovoltaic parking shed system of the electric automobile further comprises a plurality of parking subsystems, the number of the parking subsystems can be determined according to the size and the planning of the parking lot, and the plurality of parking subsystems are connected with a public power grid;
the single parking subsystem comprises a switch bank control module 1,3 charging banks 2, 3 DC/AC inverters 3, 3 power meters 4, a plurality of photovoltaic arrays 5, a plurality of DC/DC converters 6 and a plurality of electronic switch banks 7;3 power meters 4 correspond to 3 charging groups 2 one by one, 3 DC/AC inverters 3 correspond to 3 power meters 4 one by one, and 3 DC/AC inverters 3 correspond to 3 phase lines of a public power grid one by one; the plurality of DC/DC converters 6 correspond to the plurality of photovoltaic arrays 5 one by one, and the plurality of electronic switch groups 7 correspond to the plurality of DC/DC converters 6 one by one;
the single charging group 2 consists of a plurality of charging piles, the plurality of charging piles governed by the single charging group 2 are all connected with corresponding power meters 4, the power meters 4 are connected with the alternating current ends of corresponding DC/AC inverters 3, and the alternating current ends of the DC/AC inverters 3 are connected with the corresponding phase lines; the DC/DC converter 6 is connected with the corresponding photovoltaic array 5; the electronic switch group 7 is provided with 1 port T and 3 ports S, the port T of the electronic switch group 7 is connected with the corresponding DC/DC converter 6, and the 3 ports S of the electronic switch group 7 are respectively connected with the DC ends of the 3 DC/AC inverters 3;
the control part of the electronic switch group 7, the DC/DC converter 6 and the power meter 4 are all connected with the switch group control module 1;
the photovoltaic array 5 is used for converting light energy into electric energy to be output;
the DC/AC inverter 3 can convert the direct current output by the photovoltaic array 5 into alternating current for output;
the DC/DC converter 6 can perform boost conversion on the electric energy output by the photovoltaic array 5, and meanwhile, the DC/DC converter 6 of this embodiment includes an MPPT controller (i.e., a maximum power point tracking solar function controller), can track the maximum power point of the corresponding photovoltaic array 5 in real time, and transmits the maximum power value data obtained in real time to the switch group control module 1;
the power meter 4 can acquire the load power value of the corresponding charging group 2 in real time and send the acquired load power value data to the switch group control module 1;
the switch group control module 1 can process the received data to obtain control instructions of a plurality of electronic switch groups 7 and respectively send the control instructions to the control parts of the corresponding electronic switch groups 7;
the electronic switch group 7 can gate one of the ports T and 3 ports S or disconnect both the ports T and 3 ports S according to a control instruction sent by the switch group control module 1.
Aiming at the photovoltaic parking shed system of the electric automobile, the invention also provides a control method which comprises the following steps:
the plurality of parking subsystems governed by the photovoltaic parking shed system of the electric automobile are controlled and operated independently, so that the advantage that more or part of the parking subsystems can be started or closed according to the number of the vehicles to be charged so as to adapt to the random change of the number of the vehicles is achieved. The control method of the single parking subsystem comprises the following steps:
a single parking subsystem is provided with m photovoltaic arrays 5, m DC/DC converters 6 and m electronic switch groups 7; the ports T and 3 ports S of the electronic switch group 7 are set to be normally open in the initial state; the rated power consumption P of the DC/AC inverter 3 is stored in the switch group control module 1 Reverse consumption Value and rated power consumption P of DC/DC converter 6 Direct consumption A value; 3P governed by parking subsystem Reverse consumption And m number of P Direct consumption The sum of which is denoted as the total internal consumption P Total consumption I.e. P Total consumption ＝3P Reverse consumption +mP Direct consumption ；
After the parking subsystem is started up,
the method comprises the following steps that (I) a DC/DC converter 6 obtains the maximum power generated by a corresponding photovoltaic array 5 in real time and transmits the data of the current maximum power value to a switch group control module 1; the m DC/DC converters 6 respectively transmit m current maximum power value data to the switch group control module 1;
the switch group control module 1 sums the received m current maximum power value data to obtain the current total power generation amount P of the parking subsystem Hair collecting device 。
(III) the switch group control module 1 controls the current total power generation amount P Hair collecting device And total internal consumption P Total consumption And (3) comparison: when P is Hair collecting device ≤P Total consumption Entering the step (IV); when P is present Hair collecting device ＞P Total consumption Entering the step (five);
(IV) the switch group control module 1 controls the port T of each electronic switch group 7 to be disconnected with the corresponding 3 ports S, and the step (I) is returned;
(V) the power meter 4 acquires the current load power of the corresponding charging group 2 in real time, the acquired current load power value data is transmitted to the switch group control module 1, and the 3 power meters 4 respectively transmit the 3 current load power value data to the switch group control module 1;
(VI) the switch group control module 1 sums the received 3 load power value data to obtain the current total load power P Total negative ；
Seventhly, the switch group control module 1 obtains the current effective output total energy P according to a formula I Total effective (ii) a Then, the switch group control module 1 outputs the total energy P to the current effective output Total effective Total power P with current load Total negative And (3) comparison: when P is present Total efficiency of ＞P Total negative Controlling according to the first method; when P is Total effective ≤P Total negative Then, control is carried out according to the second method;
then, returning to the step (one);
the first formula is as follows:
P total efficiency of ＝P Hair collecting device -P Total consumption
The first method comprises the following steps:
1) Marking the photovoltaic array 5 and the corresponding DC/DC converter 6 as an energy supply unit, wherein the energy supply unit and the governed DC/DC converter 6 correspond to the same electronic switch group 7; recording the charging group 2 and the corresponding power meter 4 and DC/AC inverter 3 as a load unit; the switch group control module 1 respectively obtains the current calculated output energy of m energy supply units, wherein the current calculated output energy P of the ith energy supply unit Hair meter Obtaining according to a formula II; the switch group control module 1 respectively obtains the current calculated load power of 3 load units, wherein the current calculated load power P of the jth load unit j is minus the meter Obtaining according to a formula III;
the second formula is:
P hair meter ＝P i hair -P i direct loss
Wherein the value range of i is 1 to m; p i hair The current maximum power P of the photovoltaic array 5 governed by the ith energy supply unit i direct loss Rated power consumption of the DC/DC converter 6 governed by the ith energy supply unit;
the third formula is:
P j is burden and counts ＝P j is minus +P Inverse consumption of j
Wherein j has a value ranging from 1 to 3; p is j is minus The current load power, P, of the charging group 2 governed by the jth load unit Inverse consumption of j Rated power consumption of a DC/AC inverter 3 governed by the jth load unit;
2) The switch group control module 1 allocates energy supply units for 3 load units in sequence according to the method three, and the switch group control module 1 completes allocation of the energy supply units for 1 load unit each time, namely, controls the port T of the electronic switch group 7 corresponding to the allocated energy supply unit to be gated with the port S connected with the DC/AC inverter 3 governed by the corresponding load unit, and transmits the electric energy provided by the allocated energy supply unit to the corresponding load unit or the phase line corresponding to the public power grid through the DC/AC inverter 3;
the third method comprises the following steps:
firstly, the switch group controls the mouldThe block 1 accumulates the current calculated output energy of the energy supply units one by one according to the formula IV and the sequence from 1 to m to obtain the accumulated output energy P n Ray Cumulative output energy P to be obtained every time of accumulation n Lo Calculated load power P with the first load unit 1 negative counter Making a comparison until P n Ray Equal to or just greater than P 1 negative counter Allocating the n energy supply units to a first load unit; then the switch group control module 1 controls n electronic switch groups 7 controlled by the n functional units to act, and gates ports T of the n electronic switch groups 7 with a port S connected with a DC/AC inverter 3 controlled by a first load unit;
then, the switch group control module 1 utilizes the remaining m-n energy supply units to allocate for a second load unit according to the mode; for example, x energy supply units are allocated to a second load unit, then the switch group control module 1 controls x electronic switch groups 7 governed by the x function units to act, and ports T of the x electronic switch groups 7 are all gated with a port S connected with a DC/AC inverter 3 governed by the second load unit;
then, the switch group control module 1 utilizes the remaining m-n-x energy supply units to allocate a third load unit according to the mode; for example, y functional units are assigned to a third load unit; if the accumulated output energy of all the residual energy supply units is smaller than/equal to/just larger than the calculated load power of the third load unit, all the residual energy supply units are allocated to the third load unit, at this time, m-n-x = y, then the switch group control module 1 controls the y electronic switch groups 7 governed by the y function units to act, and the ports T of the y electronic switch groups 7 are all gated with the ports S connected with the DC/AC inverter 3 governed by the third load unit;
if the remaining energy supply units, namely m-n-x > y, are remained after the energy supply unit allocation for the third load unit is completed, allocating the remaining m-n-x-y energy supply units to 3 load units one by one, wherein the 3 load units sequentially and circularly receive the allocated energy supply units, and each load unit only receives one allocated energy supply unit at a time until the last energy supply unit is allocated; similarly, each time an energy supply unit is allocated, the switch group control module 1 controls the electronic switch group 7 governed by the functional unit to act, and the port T of the electronic switch group 7 is gated with the port S connected with the DC/AC inverter 3 governed by the corresponding load unit;
the fourth formula is:
Figure BDA0002126827600000101
wherein the value range of n is 1 to m;
the second method comprises the following steps:
a) The current load power of a charging group 2 governed by a load unit accounts for the total current load power P Total negative Is recorded as the load percentage P of the load cell Negative ratio The switch group control module 1 obtains the load percentage P of the jth load unit according to the formula five Negative ratio of j (ii) a The maximum power generated by the photovoltaic array 5 currently governed by the energy supply unit accounts for the current total power generation amount P Hair collecting device Is recorded as the percentage P of the generated energy of the energy supply unit Hair ratio The switch group control module 1 obtains the generated energy percentage P of the ith energy supply unit according to the formula six i hair ratio ；
The fifth formula is:
Figure BDA0002126827600000111
the sixth formula is:
Figure BDA0002126827600000112
b) The switch group control module 1 allocates the energy supply units for 3 load units in sequence according to the method four, and the switch group control module 1 completes allocation of the energy supply units for every 1 load unit, namely, controls the gating of a port T of an electronic switch group 7 corresponding to the allocated energy supply unit and a port S connected with a DC/AC inverter 3 controlled by the corresponding load unit;
the fourth method comprises the following steps:
firstly, the switch group control module 1 accumulates the generated energy percentages of the energy supply units one by one according to a formula seven and the sequence from 1 to m to obtain an accumulated generated energy percentage P n is proportional to the number of hairs Cumulative percentage of generated power P to be obtained each time n is proportional to the number of hairs Percentage of load P to first load cell 1 negative ratio Making a comparison until P n hair Bimor Equal to or just greater than P 1 negative ratio I.e. the n energy supply units are assigned to the first load unit;
the seventh formula is:
Figure BDA0002126827600000113
then, the switch group control module 1 utilizes the rest energy supply units to allocate for the second load unit according to the above mode;
the switch group control module 1 then allocates all the remaining energy supply units to the third load unit.

Claims (2)

1. The utility model provides an electric automobile photovoltaic parking shed system which characterized in that: the system comprises a public power grid, wherein the public power grid adopts a three-phase five-wire system and comprises 3 phase wires; the photovoltaic parking shed system of the electric automobile further comprises a plurality of parking subsystems, and the parking subsystems are connected with a public power grid;
the single parking subsystem comprises a switch group control module (1), 3 charging groups (2), 3 DC/AC inverters (3), 3 power meters (4), a plurality of photovoltaic arrays (5), a plurality of DC/DC converters (6) and a plurality of electronic switch groups (7); 3 power meters (4) are in one-to-one correspondence with 3 charging groups (2), 3 DC/AC inverters (3) are in one-to-one correspondence with 3 power meters (4), and 3 DC/AC inverters (3) are in one-to-one correspondence with 3 phase lines of a public power grid; the plurality of DC/DC converters (6) correspond to the plurality of photovoltaic arrays (5) one by one, and the plurality of electronic switch groups (7) correspond to the plurality of DC/DC converters (6) one by one;
the single charging group (2) consists of a plurality of charging piles, the plurality of charging piles governed by the single charging group (2) are connected with corresponding power meters (4), the power meters (4) are connected with alternating current ends of corresponding DC/AC inverters (3), and the alternating current ends of the DC/AC inverters (3) are connected with corresponding phase lines; the DC/DC converter (6) is connected with the corresponding photovoltaic array (5); the electronic switch group (7) is provided with 1 port T and 3 ports S, the port T of the electronic switch group (7) is connected with the corresponding DC/DC converter (6), and the 3 ports S of the electronic switch group (7) are respectively connected with the DC ends of the 3 DC/AC inverters (3);
the control part of the electronic switch group (7), the DC/DC converter (6) and the power meter (4) are all connected with the switch group control module (1);
the photovoltaic array (5) is used for converting light energy into electric energy to be output;
the DC/AC inverter (3) can convert the direct current output by the photovoltaic array (5) into alternating current for output;
the DC/DC converter (6) can perform boost conversion on electric energy output by the photovoltaic array (5), and meanwhile, the DC/DC converter (6) can track the maximum power point of the corresponding photovoltaic array (5) in real time and transmit the real-time acquired maximum power value data to the switch group control module (1);
the power meter (4) can acquire the load power value of the corresponding charging group (2) in real time and send the acquired load power value data to the switch group control module (1);
the switch group control module (1) can process the received data to obtain control instructions of a plurality of electronic switch groups (7), and respectively sends the control instructions to the control parts of the corresponding electronic switch groups (7);
the electronic switch group (7) can gate one of the ports T and 3 ports S or disconnect the ports T and 3 ports S according to a control instruction sent by the switch group control module (1).
2. A control method of a photovoltaic parking shed system of an electric automobile is characterized by comprising the following steps: the related hardware comprises a public power grid, wherein the public power grid adopts a three-phase five-wire system, and the public power grid comprises 3 phase lines; the photovoltaic parking shed system of the electric automobile further comprises a plurality of parking subsystems, and the parking subsystems are connected with a public power grid;
the single parking subsystem comprises a switch group control module (1), 3 charging groups (2), 3 DC/AC inverters (3), 3 power meters (4), a plurality of photovoltaic arrays (5), a plurality of DC/DC converters (6) and a plurality of electronic switch groups (7); the 3 power meters (4) are in one-to-one correspondence with the 3 charging groups (2), the 3 DC/AC inverters (3) are in one-to-one correspondence with the 3 power meters (4), and the 3 DC/AC inverters (3) are in one-to-one correspondence with 3 phase lines of a public power grid; the plurality of DC/DC converters (6) correspond to the plurality of photovoltaic arrays (5) one by one, and the plurality of electronic switch groups (7) correspond to the plurality of DC/DC converters (6) one by one;
the single charging set (2) is composed of a plurality of charging piles, the plurality of charging piles governed by the single charging set (2) are connected with corresponding power meters (4), the power meters (4) are connected with alternating current ends of corresponding DC/AC inverters (3), and the alternating current ends of the DC/AC inverters (3) are connected with corresponding phase lines; the DC/DC converter (6) is connected with the corresponding photovoltaic array (5); the electronic switch group (7) is provided with 1 port T and 3 ports S, the port T of the electronic switch group (7) is connected with the corresponding DC/DC converter (6), and the 3 ports S of the electronic switch group (7) are respectively connected with the DC ends of the 3 DC/AC inverters (3);
the control part of the electronic switch group (7), the DC/DC converter (6) and the power meter (4) are all connected with the switch group control module (1);
the photovoltaic array (5) is used for converting light energy into electric energy to be output;
the DC/AC inverter (3) can convert the direct current output by the photovoltaic array (5) into alternating current for output;
the DC/DC converter (6) can perform boost conversion on electric energy output by the photovoltaic array (5), and meanwhile, the DC/DC converter (6) can track the maximum power point of the corresponding photovoltaic array (5) in real time and transmit the real-time acquired maximum power value data to the switch group control module (1);
the power meter (4) can acquire the load power value of the corresponding charging group (2) in real time and send the acquired load power value data to the switch group control module (1);
the switch group control module (1) can process the received data to obtain control instructions of a plurality of electronic switch groups (7), and respectively sends the control instructions to the control parts of the corresponding electronic switch groups (7);
the electronic switch group (7) can gate one of the ports T and 3 ports S or disconnect the ports T and 3 ports S according to a control instruction sent by the switch group control module (1);
the control method comprises the following steps:
the control method of the photovoltaic parking shed system of the electric automobile comprises the following steps of:
a single parking subsystem is provided with m photovoltaic arrays (5), m DC/DC converters (6) and m electronic switch groups (7); the rated power consumption P of the DC/AC inverter (3) is stored in the switch group control module (1) Reverse consumption Value and rated power consumption P of DC/DC converter (6) Direct consumption A value; 3P governed by parking subsystem Reverse consumption And m number of P Direct consumption The sum of which is denoted as the total internal consumption P Total consumption I.e. P Total consumption ＝3P Reverse consumption +mP Direct consumption ；
After the parking subsystem is started up,
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a DC/DC converter (6) acquires the maximum power generated by a corresponding photovoltaic array (5) in real time and transmits the current maximum power value data to a switch group control module (1); the m DC/DC converters (6) respectively transmit m current maximum power value data to the switch group control module (1);
the switch group control module (1) sums the received m current maximum power value data to obtain the current total power generation amount P of the parking subsystem Hair collecting device ；
(III) the switch group control module (1) controls the current total power generation amount P Hair collecting device And total internal consumption P Total consumption And (3) comparison: when P is present Hair collecting device ≤P Total consumption If yes, entering the step (IV); when P is present Hair collecting device ＞P Total consumption Entering the step (five);
(IV) the switch group control module (1) controls the port T of each electronic switch group (7) to be disconnected with the corresponding 3 ports S, and the step (I) is returned;
fifthly, the power meter (4) acquires the current load power of the corresponding charging group (2) in real time, the acquired current load power value data is transmitted to the switch group control module (1), and the 3 power meters (4) respectively transmit the 3 current load power value data to the switch group control module (1);
sixthly, the switch group control module (1) sums the received 3 load power value data to obtain the current total load power P Total negative ；
Seventhly, the switch group control module (1) obtains the current effective total output energy P according to a formula I Total efficiency of (ii) a Then, the switch group control module (1) outputs total energy P to the current effective output Total efficiency of Total power P with current load Total negative And (3) comparison: when P is Total efficiency of >P Total negative Controlling according to the first method; when P is present Total effective ≤P Total negative Then, control is carried out according to the second method;
then, returning to the step (one);
the first formula is as follows:
P total efficiency of ＝P Hair collecting device -P Total consumption
The method comprises the following steps:
1) Marking the photovoltaic array (5) and the corresponding DC/DC converter (6) as an energy supply unit, wherein the energy supply unit and the governed DC/DC converter (6) correspond to the same electronic switch group (7); recording the charging group (2) and the corresponding power meter (4) and the DC/AC inverter (3) as a load unit; the switch group control module (1) respectively obtains the current calculated output energy of m energy supply units, wherein the current calculated output energy P of the ith energy supply unit Hair meter Obtaining according to a formula II; the switch group control module (1) respectively obtains the current calculated load power of 3 load units, wherein the current calculated load power P of the jth load unit j is minus the meter Obtaining according to a formula III;
the second formula is:
P hair meter ＝P i hair -P i direct loss
Wherein the value range of i is 1 to m; p i hair Is as followsThe maximum power P of the current power generation of the photovoltaic array (5) governed by the i energy supply units i direct consumption Rated power consumption of a DC/DC converter (6) governed by the ith energy supply unit;
the third formula is:
P j is burden and counts ＝P j is minus +P Inverse consumption of j
Wherein j has a value ranging from 1 to 3; p j is minus The current load power, P, of the charging group (2) administered by the jth load unit j inverse loss Rated power consumption of a DC/AC inverter (3) governed by the jth load unit;
2) The switch group control module (1) allocates energy supply units for 3 load units in sequence according to the method III, and the switch group control module (1) completes allocation of the energy supply units for every 1 load unit, namely controls the gating of a port T of an electronic switch group (7) corresponding to the allocated energy supply unit and a port S connected with a DC/AC inverter (3) controlled by the corresponding load unit;
the third method comprises the following steps:
firstly, the switch group control module (1) accumulates the current calculated output energy of the energy supply units one by one according to a formula IV and in a sequence from 1 to m to obtain the accumulated output energy P n Lo Cumulative output energy P to be obtained every time of accumulation n Lo Calculated load power P with the first load unit 1 negative counter Making a comparison until P n Lo Equal to or just greater than P 1 negative counter Allocating the n energy supply units to a first load unit;
then, the switch group control module (1) utilizes the rest energy supply units to allocate for a second load unit according to the mode;
then, the switch group control module (1) utilizes the rest energy supply units to allocate for a third load unit according to the mode; if the accumulated output energy of all the remaining energy supply units is less than/equal to/just greater than the calculated load power of the third load unit, all the remaining energy supply units are allocated to the third load unit; if the remaining energy supply units remain after the energy supply unit allocation for the third load unit is completed, allocating the remaining energy supply units to 3 load units one by one, wherein the 3 load units sequentially and circularly receive the allocated energy supply units, and each load unit only receives one allocated energy supply unit at a time until the last energy supply unit is allocated;
the fourth formula is:
Figure FDA0003899477810000051
wherein the value range of n is 1 to m;
the second method comprises the following steps:
a) The current load power of a charging group (2) governed by a load unit accounts for the total current load power P Total negative Is expressed as the load percentage P of the load cell Negative ratio The switch group control module (1) acquires the load percentage P of the jth load unit according to a formula V Negative ratio of j (ii) a The maximum power generated by the photovoltaic array (5) governed by the energy supply unit accounts for the current total power generation amount P Hair collecting device Is recorded as the percentage P of the generated energy of the energy supply unit Hair brush The switch group control module (1) obtains the power generation amount percentage P of the ith power supply unit according to a formula six i hair ratio ；
The fifth formula is:
Figure FDA0003899477810000052
the sixth formula is:
Figure FDA0003899477810000053
b) The switch group control module (1) allocates energy supply units for 3 load units in sequence according to the method four, and the switch group control module (1) completes allocation of the energy supply units for 1 load unit each time, namely, controls the gating of a port T of an electronic switch group (7) corresponding to the allocated energy supply unit and a port S connected with a DC/AC inverter (3) governed by the corresponding load unit;
the fourth method comprises the following steps:
firstly, the switch group control module (1) accumulates the generated energy percentages of the energy supply units one by one according to a formula seven in the sequence from 1 to m to obtain an accumulated generated energy percentage P n is proportional to the number of hairs Cumulative percentage of generated power P to be obtained each time n is proportional to the number of hairs Percentage of load P to first load cell 1 negative ratio Making a comparison until P n is proportional to the number of hairs Equal to or just greater than P 1 negative ratio I.e. the n energy supply units are assigned to the first load unit;
the seventh formula is:
Figure FDA0003899477810000061
then, the switch group control module (1) utilizes the rest energy supply units to allocate for a second load unit according to the mode;
the switch group control module (1) then allocates all the remaining energy supply units to a third load unit.
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