CN110277927B - Energy storage type multi-level converter topology and battery charge state regulation method - Google Patents

Energy storage type multi-level converter topology and battery charge state regulation method Download PDF

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CN110277927B
CN110277927B CN201910542733.0A CN201910542733A CN110277927B CN 110277927 B CN110277927 B CN 110277927B CN 201910542733 A CN201910542733 A CN 201910542733A CN 110277927 B CN110277927 B CN 110277927B
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converter
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battery
battery pack
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CN110277927A (en
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闫士杰
张永康
王立华
佟诗耕
徐伟男
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Northeastern University China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H02J3/382—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration

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  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an energy storage type multi-level converter topology and a battery state of charge regulation method, and relates to the technical field of battery energy storage. The multi-level converter topology comprises a battery pack string formed by connecting 5 battery packs in series; 5 capacitors are connected in series to form a capacitor string; the battery pack string is connected with the capacitor string in parallel; each converter all includes 50 IGBT pipes and rather than anti-parallelly connected diodes, and 3 converters are connected with the positive negative pole parallel connection of battery group cluster. The IGBT gate pole of each converter has 6 different switch states according to different modulation strategies; meanwhile, the invention also provides a method for adjusting the battery charge state in the energy storage type multilevel converter topology by adjusting the duty ratio of the converter IGBT tube after compensation, so that the charge state of each battery pack is adjusted to be consistent. The topology and the method of the invention reduce the maximum energy loss of a single switch tube, improve the reliability of energy storage operation and greatly save the economic cost of an energy storage power station.

Description

Energy storage type multi-level converter topology and battery charge state regulation method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery energy storage, in particular to an energy storage type multi-level converter topology and a battery state of charge regulation method.
Background
The battery energy storage technology is widely applied to various fields at present, the energy storage technology plays an irreplaceable role from the grid connection of new energy power generation to the improvement of the operation reliability of a power system, and compared with the traditional medium and small-scale battery energy storage, the super-large-scale battery energy storage has the advantages of sufficient peak clipping and valley filling capacity, strong transient voltage supporting capacity and the like, and some problems existing at the present stage of the super-large-scale battery energy storage become hot spots researched by colleges and universities at home and abroad.
The converter adopted by the super-large scale battery energy storage power station is a high-power high-voltage converter, a switching tube of the converter performs on-off action after receiving a control signal, so that on-off loss and off-off loss are generated, the switching frequency of a switching device is usually above megahertz level, the power loss of the switching device is serious and cannot be ignored, and in order to reduce the loss of the converter of the super-large scale battery energy storage power station, improve the working efficiency of the converter and enhance the current conversion effect of the converter, a multi-level converter topological structure suitable for the super-large scale battery energy storage power station is needed.
In order to reduce the construction cost and the maintenance cost of the ultra-large-scale battery energy storage power station, battery packs of different models and different charge states are often connected in series to work, and if the charge states of the battery packs of different models and different charge states (SoC) are not regulated, the capacity of all the battery packs is limited by the battery pack with the fastest capacity consumption, so that the reliability and the economy of the energy storage power station are greatly influenced. Therefore, an effective method for controlling the state of charge of the battery packs with different types and states of charge to be consistent is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an energy storage type multi-level converter topology and a battery charge state regulation method, which can reduce the loss of a converter of a super-large-scale battery energy storage power station and enhance the working economy and reliability of a battery of the energy storage power station;
in order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: in one aspect, the invention provides an energy storage type multi-level converter topology, which comprises 5 battery packs, 5 capacitors and 3 converters; the 5 battery packs are respectively a battery pack I, a battery pack II, a battery pack III, a battery pack IV and a battery pack V, and the 5 battery packs are connected in series to form a battery pack string; the 5 capacitors are respectively a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a fourth capacitor and a fifth capacitor, and the 5 capacitors are connected in series to form a capacitor string; the battery pack string is connected with the capacitor string in parallel, and the positive and negative electrodes of each battery pack are connected with the positive and negative electrodes of the corresponding capacitor; the three converters are respectively a first converter, a second converter and a third converter, each converter comprises 50 IGBT tubes and diodes connected with the IGBT tubes in anti-parallel, and the three converters (3) are connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery pack in parallel.
Preferably, each of the 5 battery packs is formed by connecting m × n single energy storage batteries in series and parallel.
Preferably, the 50 IGBT transistors and the anti-parallel diodes thereof in each converter are arranged in a matrix distribution of 10 × 5, and the 50 IGBT transistors and the anti-parallel diodes thereof are marked as S in the order from left to right and from top to bottomijWherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 10, j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 5, 10 IGBTs in each column are connected in series, namely the emitter of the previous IGBT in the same column is connected with the collector of the next IGBT, S31Is connected to the lower port of the first capacitor, S51Is connected to the lower port of the second capacitor, S71Is connected to the lower port of the third capacitor, 591Is connected to the lower port of the fourth capacitor, S10，1The emitter of the second capacitor is connected with the lower port of the fifth capacitor; s11、S12、S13、S14、S15The collector electrodes are connected in parallel and then connected with the upper port of the first capacitor and the anode of the first battery pack S11、S12、S13、S14、S15Is connected to the emitter of S22、S23、S24、S25Is connected to the emitter of S31Emitter and S32Is connected to the emitter of S33、S34、S35Is connected to the emitter of S42Emitter and S43Is connected to the emitter of S44Emitter and S45Is connected to the emitter of S51Emitter and S52Is connected to the emitter of S53Emitter and S54Is connected to the emitter of S62Emitter and S63Is connected to the emitter of 564Emitter and S65Is connected to the emitter of S71Emitter and S72Is connected to the emitter of S73、S74、S75Is connected to the emitter of S82、S83、S84、S85Is connected to the emitter of S91、S92、S93、S94、S95Is connected to the emitter of S10，1、S10，2、S10，3、S10，4、S10，5The emitting electrodes are connected in parallel and then connected with the negative electrode of the battery pack five.
Preferably, the IGBT gate of each converter has 6 different switching states according to different modulation strategies, which are:
switching state 1: s65、S74、S75、S83、S84、S85、S92、S93、S94、S95、S10，1、S10，2、S10，3、S10，4、S10，5The signal IGBT is conducted, and the output current i of the converterpAlong S65、S74、S75、S83、S84、S85、S92、S93、S94、S95、S10，1、S10，2、S10，3、S10，4、S10，5Any conduction path formed by the IGBT flows, S21、S32、S41、S43、S52、S54、S61、S63、S72、S81The signal IGBT is switched on to form blocking voltage, the other IGBTs are switched off, and the output voltage of the converter is 0 at the moment;
switch state 2: s54、S55、S63、S64、S65、S72、S73、S74、S75、S81、S82、S83、S84、S85、S91、S92、S93、S94、S95The signal IGBT is conducted, and the output current i of the converterpAlong S54、S55、S63、S64、S65、S72、S73、S74、S75、S81、S82、S83、S84、S85、S91、S92、S93、S94、S95Any conduction path formed by the IGBT flows, S21、S32、S41、S43、S52、S54、S61The signal IGBT is switched on to form a blocking voltage, the other IGBTs are switched off, and the output voltage of the converter is V at the momentdc/5 wherein VdcThe voltage of two ends of the battery pack string is measured;
switch state 3: s43、S44、S45、S52、S53、S54、S55、S61、S62、S63、S64、S65、S71、S72、S73、S74、S75、S82、S83、S84、S85The signal IGBT is conducted, and the output current i of the converterpAlong S43、S44、S45、S52、S53、S54、S55、S61、S62、S63、S64、S65、S71、S72、S73、S74、S75、S82、S83、S84、S85Any conduction path formed by the IGBT flows, S21、S32、S41、S91The signal IGBT is switched on to form a blocking voltage, the other IGBTs are switched off, and the output voltage of the converter is 2V at the momentdc/5；
Switch state 4: s32、S33、S34、S35、S41、S42、S43、S44、S45、S51、S52、S53、S54、S55、S62、S63、S64、S65、S73、S74、S75The signal IGBT is conducted, and the output current i of the converterpAlong S32、S33、S34、S35、S41、S42、S43、S44、S45、S51、S52、S53、S54、S55、S62、S63、S64、S65、S73、S74、S75Any conduction path formed by the IGBT flows, S21、S71、S82、S91The signal IGBT is switched on to form a blocking voltage, the other IGBTs are switched off, and the output voltage of the converter is 3V at the momentdc/5；
Switch state 5: s21、S22、S23、S24、S25、S31、S32、S33、S34、S35、S42、S43、S44、S45、S53、S54、S55、S64、S65The signal IGBT is conducted, and the output current i of the converterpAlong S21、S22、S23、S24、S25、S31、S32、S33、S34、S35、S42、S43、S44、S45、S53、S54、S55、S64、S65Any conduction path formed by the IGBT flows, S51、S62、S71、S73、S82、S91The signal IGBT is switched on to form a blocking voltage, the other IGBTs are switched off, and the output voltage of the converter is 4V at the momentdc/5；
Switch state 6: su、S12、S13、S14、S15、S22、S23、S24、S25、S33、S34、S35、S44、S45、S55The signal IGBT is conducted, and the output current i of the converterpAlong S21、S22、S23、S24、S25、S31、S32、S33、S34、S35、S42、S43、S44、S45、S53、S54、S55、S64、S65Any conduction path formed by the IGBT flows, S31、S42、S51、S53、S62、S64、S71、S73、S82、S91The signal IGBT is switched on to form a blocking voltage, the other IGBTs are switched off, and the output voltage of the converter is V at the momentdc。
On the other hand, the invention also provides a method for regulating and controlling the state of charge of the battery in the energy storage type multi-level converter topology, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: imb for calculating state of charge unbalance between battery packs in battery pack stringsoci′And comparing it with a reference value
Figure BDA0002103050000000033
Making a difference, and comparing the difference value delta Imbsoci′Regulation is carried out in a PI regulator, where i' ═ 2,3, …, 5;
step 1.1: calculating the output power P of the battery pack string, as shown in the following formula:
Figure BDA0002103050000000031
wherein m is the modulation factor of the converter, IrmsIs the effective value of the output current of 3 converters, phi is the phase shift angle of the reference phase voltage;
calculating the common current i of the battery string according to the output power P of the battery stringcomThe following formula shows:
Figure BDA0002103050000000032
step 1.2: calculating the direct current I according to the current flowing through each battery packi′，Ii′The current between the connection point of the ith '-1 th battery pack and the ith' th battery pack and the capacitor is calculated and regulated2In time, make the regulation current I3＝I4＝I5When other regulating currents are calculated, setting the corresponding regulating current value to be zero, and then:
Figure BDA0002103050000000041
wherein iBatkIs the current flowing through the kth cell stack, k ═ 1,2, …, 5;
step 1.3: imb calculating the unbalance between the battery packs according to the battery packs and the DC regulated currentsoci′And a reference value
Figure BDA0002103050000000044
Step 1.3.1: according to the state of charge SoC of each battery packkCalculation value Imb for calculating state of charge unbalance of each battery packsoci′The following formula shows:
Figure BDA0002103050000000042
step 1.3.2: calculating reference value of state of charge unbalance between battery packs according to direct current regulation and control current
Figure BDA0002103050000000045
As shown in the following equation:
Figure BDA0002103050000000043
wherein s Laplace integral operator, QnomThe nominal capacity of each battery pack;
step 1.4: will be different value
Figure BDA0002103050000000046
Sending into PI regulator for regulation, wherein the proportional coefficient K in the PI regulator p100, integral coefficient Ki＝1；
Step 2: outputting the regulation in a PI regulatorFeeding in a decoupling matrix R4x4In, output via decoupling matrix R4x4After decoupling, obtaining the output compensation omega between the ith' battery packi′；
The decoupling matrix R4x4As shown in the following equation:
Figure BDA0002103050000000051
and step 3: compensating omega according to output of each battery groupi′Updating the modulation parameters of each converter to obtain the duty ratio of each converter to control the switching state in the converter, and further regulating and controlling the charge state of each battery pack, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: correcting the modulation coefficient m of the current transformer according to the correction coefficient lambda to obtain a corrected modulation coefficientm *；
Step 3.1.1: calculating voltage bias parameter y among battery groups according to voltage of battery groupsi′The following formula shows:
Figure BDA0002103050000000052
wherein, Vi′Is the end-to-end voltage of the ith' battery pack;
step 3.1.2: calculating a correction coefficient lambda according to the voltage bias parameter among the battery groups, wherein the formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002103050000000053
step 3.1.3: the output voltages of all the battery packs are consistent, and the correction coefficient lambda is simplified, and the following formula is shown:
Figure BDA0002103050000000054
step 3.1.4: multiplying the simplified correction coefficient lambda by the modulation coefficient m to obtain a corrected modulation coefficient m*The following formula shows:
Figure BDA0002103050000000055
step 3.2: according to the modified modulation coefficient m*And (4) comparing the current with the voltage electrical angle theta of the output a phase of the current transformer, and calculating the duty ratio d of the IGBT on each current transformerxyWherein x is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3, and y is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 10;
step 3.2.1: a sine function of an electrical angle theta of phase voltage of the output a and a modulation coefficient m of the current transformer*Multiplying to obtain the duty ratio d of the first converter1Then, the sine function is phase-shifted to obtain the duty ratio d of the second converter and the third converter2，d3The following formula shows:
Figure BDA0002103050000000061
step 3.2.2: maximum value Max (d) of three converter duty ratios is takenx) Multiplying the difference between the maximum value and the duty ratio of each converter by a factor k1Obtaining the duty ratio d of each first IGBT on the corresponding converterx1(θ), as shown in the following equation:
dx1(θ)＝k1*Max[d1(θ)，d2(θ)，d3(θ)]-dx(θ)
wherein k is1＝1/2；
Step 3.2.3: taking the minimum Min (d) of three converter duty ratiosx) Multiplying the difference between the minimum value and the duty cycle of each converter by a factor k2Obtaining the duty ratio d of each tenth IGBT on the corresponding converterx，10(θ)；
dx，10(θ)＝dx(θ)-k2*Min[d1(θ)，d2(θ)，d3(θ)]
Wherein k is2＝1/2；
Step 3.2.4: and calculating the duty ratios of the second IGBT to the ninth IGBT on each converter, wherein the duty ratios are shown in the following formula:
dx2(θ)＝dx3(θ)＝…＝dx9(θ)＝k3(1-dx1(θ)-dx10(θ))
wherein k is3＝1/4；
Step 3.3: compensating omega according to output of each battery groupi′Duty ratio d for each converterxyCompensating to obtain the compensated duty ratio dxy *The specific method comprises the following steps:
step 3.3.1: calculating a compensation coefficient rho according to the output compensation between each battery pack1The duty ratio d of the first IGBT in the 3 convertersx1(theta) are each multiplied by a compensation coefficient rho1Obtaining the compensated duty ratio dx1 *(θ), wherein:
ρ1＝1-ω2-ω3-ω4-ω5
step 3.3.2: calculating a compensation coefficient rho according to the output compensation between each battery pack2The duty ratio d of the tenth IGBT in the 3 convertersx，10(theta) multiplied by a compensation coefficient rho2Obtaining the compensated duty ratio dx，10 *(θ), wherein:
ρ2＝1+ω2+ω3+ω4+ω5
step 3.3.3: compensating the output between each battery group by omegai′Multiplied by dx1(theta) and dx10(theta) and adding the product result to dxp(theta) obtaining the compensated duty ratios d of the second IGBT to the ninth IGBT on each converterxp *(theta), wherein p is 2-9;
and 3.4, regulating and controlling the energy storage of each battery pack by using the duty ratio of each IGBT compensated current transformer of each current transformer, so that the charge states of each battery pack are regulated and controlled to be consistent.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in: according to the energy storage type multi-level converter topology and the battery charge state regulation method, the topology structure is used, and under 6 switching states of the converter, the output current of the converter has various circulation paths, so that the voltage stress of a switching tube is reduced, the maximum energy loss of a single switching tube is reduced, and the reliability of energy storage operation is improved. Meanwhile, according to the battery state of charge regulation and control method provided by the topological structure, the output compensation value among the battery packs is calculated according to the amount of unbalance of the battery pack state, the duty ratio of the converter can be further adjusted, and the purpose of balancing the battery pack state of charge is achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a topology structure of an energy storage type multilevel converter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a topology structure diagram of a multilevel converter provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a state diagram of a switching tube of the multilevel converter in the switching state 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a state diagram of the switching tubes of the multilevel converter in the switching state 2 according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a state diagram of the switching tubes of the multilevel converter in the switching state 3 according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 is a state diagram of the switching tubes of the multilevel converter in the switching state 4 according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 7 is a state diagram of the switching tubes of the multilevel converter in the switching state 5 according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 8 is a state diagram of the switching tubes of the multilevel converter in the switching state 6 according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 9 is a flowchart of a method for regulating a state of charge of a battery in an energy storage type multilevel converter topology according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a simulation diagram of duty ratios of compensated IGBTs of a converter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a simulation diagram of a battery state of charge regulation result in an energy storage type multilevel converter topology according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In this embodiment, an energy storage type multi-level converter topology, as shown in fig. 1, includes 5 battery packs, 5 capacitors, and 3 converters; the 5 battery packs are respectively a battery pack I, a battery pack II, a battery pack III, a battery pack IV and a battery pack V, and the 5 battery packs are connected in series to form a battery pack string; and each of the 5 battery packs is formed by connecting m × n single energy storage batteries in series and parallel. The 5 capacitors are respectively a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a fourth capacitor and a fifth capacitor, and the 5 capacitors are connected in series to form a capacitor string; the battery pack string is connected with the capacitor string in parallel, and the positive and negative electrodes of each battery pack are connected with the positive and negative electrodes of the corresponding capacitor; the 3 converters are respectively a first converter, a second converter and a third converter, each converter comprises 50 IGBT tubes and diodes connected with the IGBT tubes in anti-parallel, and as shown in fig. 2, the 3 converters are connected with the positive and negative electrodes of the battery pack in series-parallel.
The 50 IGBT tubes and the anti-parallel diodes thereof in each converter are arranged in a matrix distribution of 10x5, and the 50 IGBT tubes and the anti-parallel diodes thereof are marked as S according to the sequence from left to right and from top to bottomijWherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 10, j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 5, 10 IGBTs in each column are connected in series, namely the emitter (E) of the previous IGBT in the same column is connected with the collector (C) of the next IGBT, S31Is connected to the lower port of the first capacitor, S51Is connected to the lower port of the second capacitor, S71Is connected to the lower port of the third capacitor, S91Is connected to the lower port of the fourth capacitor, S10，1The emitter of the second capacitor is connected with the lower port of the fifth capacitor; s11、S12、S13、S14、S15The collector electrodes are connected in parallel and then connected with the upper port of the first capacitor and the anode of the first battery pack S11、S12、S13、S14、S15Is connected to the emitter of S22、S23、S24、S25Is connected to the emitter of S31Emitter and S32Is connected to the emitter of S33、S34、S35Is connected to the emitter of S42Emitter and S43Is connected to the emitter of S44Emitter and S45Is connected to the emitter of S51Emitter and S52Is connected to the emitter of S53Emitter and S54Is connected to the emitter of S62Emitter and S63Is connected to the emitter of S64Emitter and S65Is connected to the emitter of S71Emitter and S72Is connected to the emitter of S73、S74、S75Is connected to the emitter of S82、S83、S84、S85Is connected to the emitter of S91、S92、S93、S94、S95Is connected to the emitter of S10，1、S10，2、S10，3、S10，4、S10，5The emitting electrodes are connected in parallel and then connected with the negative electrode of the battery pack five.
The IGBT gate pole (g) of each converter has 6 different switch states according to the corresponding modulation strategies, and the switch states are respectively as follows:
switching state 1: as shown in FIG. 3, S65、S74、S75、S83、S84、S85、S92、S93、S94、S95、S10，1、S10，2、S10，3、S10，4、S10，5The signal IGBT is conducted, and the output current i of the converterpAlong S65、S74、S75、S83、S84、S85、S92、S93、S94、S95、S10，1、S10，2、S10，3、S10，4、S10，5Any conduction path formed by the IGBT flows, S21、S32、S41、S43、S52、S54、S61、S63、S72、S81The signal IGBT is switched on to form blocking voltage, the other IGBTs are switched off, and the output voltage of the converter is 0 at the moment;
switch state 2: as shown in FIG. 4, S54、S55、S63、S64、S65、S72、S73、S74、S75、S81、S82、S83、S84、S85、S91、S92、S93、S94、S95The signal IGBT is conducted, and the output current i of the converterpAlong S54、S55、S63、S64、S65、S72、S73、S74、S75、S81、S82、S83、S84、S85、S91、S92、S93、S94、S95Any conduction path formed by the IGBT flows, S21、S32、S41、S43、S52、S54、S61The signal IGBT is switched on to form a blocking voltage, the other IGBTs are switched off, and the output voltage of the converter is V at the momentdc/5 wherein VdcThe voltage of two ends of the battery pack string is measured;
switch state 3: as shown in FIG. 5, S43、S44、S45、S52、S53、S54、S55、S61、S62、S63、S64、S65、S71、S72、S73、S74、S75、S82、S83、S84、S85The signal IGBT is conducted, and the output current i of the converterpAlong S43、S44、S45、S52、S53、S54、S55、S61、S62、S63、S64、S65、S71、S72、S73、S74、S75、S82、S83、S84、S85Any conduction path formed by the IGBT flows, S21、S32、S41、S91The signal IGBT is switched on to form a blocking voltage, the other IGBTs are switched off, and the output voltage of the converter is 2V at the momentdc/5；
Switch state 4: as shown in FIG. 6, S32、S33、S34、S35、S41、S42、S43、S44、S45、S51、S52、S53、S54、S55、S62、S63、S64、S65、S73、S74、S75The signal IGBT is conducted, and the output current i of the converterpAlong S32、S33、S34、S35、S41、S42、S43、S44、S45、S51、S52、S53、S54、S55、S62、S63、S64、S65、S73、S74、S75Any conduction path formed by the IGBT flows, S21、S71、S82、S91The signal IGBT is switched on to form a blocking voltage, the other IGBTs are switched off, and the output voltage of the converter is 3V at the momentdc/5；
Switch state 5: as shown in FIG. 7, S21、S22、S23、S24、S25、S31、S32、S33、S34、S35、S42、S43、S44、S45、S53、S54、S55、S64、S65The signal IGBT is conducted, and the output current i of the converterpAlong S21、S22、S23、S24、S25、S31、S32、S33、S34、S35、S42、S43、S44、S45、S53、S54、S55、S64、S65Any conduction path formed by the IGBT flows, S51、S62、S71、S73、S82、S91The signal IGBT is switched on to form a blocking voltage, the other IGBTs are switched off, and the output voltage of the converter is 4V at the momentdc/5；
Switch state 6: as shown in FIG. 8, S11、S12、S13、S14、S15、S22、S23、S24、S25、S33、S34、S35、S44、S45、S55The signal IGBT is conducted, and the output current i of the converterpAlong S21、S22、S23、S24、S25、S31、S32、S33、S34、S35、S42、S43、S44、S45、S53、S54、S55、S64、S65Any conduction path formed by the IGBT flows, S31、S42、S51、S53、S62、S64、S71、S73、S82、S91The signal IGBT is switched on to form a blocking voltage, the other IGBTs are switched off, and the output voltage of the converter is V at the momentdc。
A method for regulating and controlling the state of charge of a battery in an energy storage type multi-level converter topology is as shown in FIG. 9, and the specific method is as follows:
step 1: imb for calculating state of charge unbalance between battery packs in battery pack stringsoci′And comparing it with a reference value
Figure BDA0002103050000000093
Making a difference, and comparing the difference value delta Imbsoci′Regulation is carried out in a PI regulator, where i' ═ 2,3, …, 5;
step 1.1: calculating the output power P of the battery pack string, as shown in the following formula:
Figure BDA0002103050000000091
wherein m is the modulation factor of the converter, IrmsIs the effective value of the output current of 3 converters, phi is the phase shift angle of the reference phase voltage;
calculating the common current i of the battery string according to the output power P of the battery stringcomThe following formula shows:
Figure BDA0002103050000000092
step 1.2: calculating the direct current I according to the current flowing through each battery packi′，Ii′The current between the connection point of the ith '-1 th battery pack and the ith' th battery pack and the capacitor is calculated and regulated2In time, make the regulation current I3＝I4＝I5When other regulating currents are calculated, setting the corresponding regulating current value to be zero, and then:
Figure BDA0002103050000000101
wherein iBatkIs the current flowing through the kth cell stack, k ═ 1,2, …, 5;
step 1.3: imb calculating the unbalance between the battery packs according to the battery packs and the DC regulated currentsoci′And a reference value
Figure BDA0002103050000000104
Step 1.3.1: according to the state of charge SoC of each battery packkCalculation value Imb for calculating state of charge unbalance of each battery packsoci′The following formula shows:
Figure BDA0002103050000000102
step 1.3.2: calculating the load among the battery packs according to the direct current regulation and control currentReference value for the amount of unbalance in the electrical state
Figure BDA0002103050000000105
As shown in the following equation:
Figure BDA0002103050000000103
wherein s Laplace integral operator, QnomThe nominal capacity of each battery pack;
step 1.4: will be different value
Figure BDA0002103050000000106
Sending into PI regulator for regulation, wherein the proportional coefficient K in the PI regulator p100, integral coefficient Ki＝1；
Step 2: feeding the regulated output in the PI regulator into a decoupling matrix R4x4In, output via decoupling matrix R4x4After decoupling, obtaining the output compensation omega between the ith' battery packi′；
The decoupling matrix R4x4As shown in the following equation:
Figure BDA0002103050000000111
and step 3: compensating omega according to output of each battery groupi′Updating the modulation parameters of each converter to obtain the duty ratio of each converter to control the switching state in the converter, and further regulating and controlling the charge state of each battery pack, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: correcting the modulation coefficient m of the converter according to the correction coefficient lambda to obtain the corrected modulation coefficient m*；
Step 3.1.1: calculating voltage bias parameter y among battery groups according to voltage of battery groupsi′The following formula shows:
Figure BDA0002103050000000112
wherein, Vi′Is the end-to-end voltage of the ith' battery pack;
step 3.1.2: calculating a correction coefficient lambda according to the voltage bias parameter among the battery groups, wherein the formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002103050000000113
step 3.1.3: the output voltages of all the battery packs are consistent, and the correction coefficient lambda is simplified, and the following formula is shown:
Figure BDA0002103050000000114
step 3.1.4: multiplying the simplified correction coefficient lambda by the modulation coefficient m to obtain a corrected modulation coefficient m*The following formula shows:
Figure BDA0002103050000000115
step 3.2: according to the modified modulation coefficient m*And (4) comparing the current with the voltage electrical angle theta of the output a phase of the current transformer, and calculating the duty ratio d of the IGBT on each current transformerxyWherein x is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3, and y is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 10;
step 3.2.1: a sine function of an electrical angle theta of phase voltage of the output a and a modulation coefficient m of the current transformer*Multiplying to obtain the duty ratio d of the first converter1Then, the sine function is phase-shifted to obtain the duty ratio d of the second converter and the third converter2，d3The following formula shows:
Figure BDA0002103050000000121
step 3.2.2: maximum value Max (d) of three converter duty ratios is takenx) Multiplying the difference between the maximum value and the duty ratio of each converter by a factor k1Obtaining the duty ratio d of each first IGBT on the corresponding converterx1(θ), as shown in the following equation:
dx1(θ)＝k1*Max[d1(θ)，d2(θ)，d3(θ)]-dx(θ)
wherein k is1＝1/2；
Step 3.2.3: taking the minimum Min (d) of three converter duty ratiosx) Multiplying the difference between the minimum value and the duty cycle of each converter by a factor k2Obtaining the duty ratio d of each tenth IGBT on the corresponding converterx，10(θ)；
dx，10(θ)＝dx(θ)-k2*Min[d1(θ)，d2(θ)，d3(θ)]
Wherein k is2＝1/2；
Step 3.2.4: and calculating the duty ratios of the second IGBT to the ninth IGBT on each converter, wherein the duty ratios are shown in the following formula:
dx2(θ)＝dx3(θ)＝…＝dx9(θ)＝k3(1-dx1(θ)-dx10(θ))
wherein k is3＝1/4；
Step 3.3: compensating omega according to output of each battery groupi′Duty ratio d for each converterxyCompensating to obtain the compensated duty ratio dxy *The specific method comprises the following steps:
step 3.3.1: calculating a compensation coefficient rho according to the output compensation between each battery pack1The duty ratio d of the first IGBT in the 3 convertersx1(theta) are each multiplied by a compensation coefficient rho1Obtaining the compensated duty ratio dx1 *(θ), wherein:
ρ1＝1-ω2-ω3-ω4-ω5
step 3.3.2: calculating a compensation coefficient rho according to the output compensation between each battery pack2The duty ratio d of the tenth IGBT in the 3 convertersx，10(theta) multiplied by a compensation coefficient rho2Obtaining the compensated duty ratio dx10 *(θ), wherein:
ρ2＝1+ω2+ω3+ω4+ω5
step 3.3.3: compensating the output between each battery group by omegai′Multiplied by dx1(theta) and dx，10(theta) and adding the product result to dxp(theta) obtaining the compensated duty ratios d of the second IGBT to the ninth IGBT on each converterxp *(theta), wherein p is 2-9;
and 3.4, regulating and controlling the energy storage of each battery pack by using the duty ratio of each IGBT compensated current transformer of each current transformer, so that the charge states of each battery pack are regulated and controlled to be consistent.
In this embodiment, the duty ratio simulation after compensation of each IGBT of the converter is shown in fig. 10, and the energy storage of each battery pack is regulated and controlled by using the duty ratio after compensation of each IGBT of each converter, so that the result of regulating and controlling the state of charge of each battery pack to be consistent is shown in fig. 11.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. An energy storage type multi-level converter topology is characterized in that: the device comprises 5 battery packs, 5 capacitors and 3 converters; the 5 battery packs are respectively a battery pack I, a battery pack II, a battery pack III, a battery pack IV and a battery pack V, and the 5 battery packs are connected in series to form a battery pack string; the 5 capacitors are respectively a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a fourth capacitor and a fifth capacitor, and the 5 capacitors are connected in series to form a capacitor string; the battery pack string is connected with the capacitor string in parallel, and the positive and negative electrodes of each battery pack are connected with the positive and negative electrodes of the corresponding capacitor; the 3 converters are respectively a first converter, a second converter and a third converter, each converter comprises 50 IGBT tubes and diodes connected with the IGBT tubes in anti-parallel, and the 3 converters are connected with the positive and negative electrodes of the battery pack in parallel;
the 50 IGBT tubes and the anti-parallel diodes thereof in each converter are arranged in a matrix distribution of 10x5, and the 50 IGBT tubes and the anti-parallel diodes thereof are marked as S according to the sequence from left to right and from top to bottomijWherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 10, j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 5, 10 IGBTs in each column are connected in series, namely the emitter of the previous IGBT in the same column is connected with the collector of the next IGBT, S31Is connected to the lower port of the first capacitor, S51Is connected to the lower port of the second capacitor, S71Is connected to the lower port of the third capacitor, S91Is connected to the lower port of the fourth capacitor, S10，1The emitter of the second capacitor is connected with the lower port of the fifth capacitor; s11、S12、S13、S14、S15The collector electrodes are connected in parallel and then connected with the upper port of the first capacitor and the anode of the first battery pack S11、S12、S13、S14、S15Is connected to the emitter of S22、S23、S24、S25Is connected to the emitter of S31Emitter and S32Is connected to the emitter of S33、S34、S35Is connected to the emitter of S42Emitter and S43Is connected to the emitter of S44Emitter and S45Is connected to the emitter of S51Emitter and S52Is connected to the emitter of S53Emitter and S54Is connected to the emitter of S62Emitter and S63Is connected to the emitter of S64Emitter and S65Is connected to the emitter of S71Emitter and S72Is connected to the emitter of S73、S74、S75Is connected to the emitter of S82、S83、S84、S85Is connected to the emitter of S91、S92、S93、S94、S95Is connected to the emitter of S10，1、S10，2、S10，3、S10，4、S10，5Of the emitter andand the battery pack is connected with the negative electrode of the battery pack V.
2. An energy storage multilevel converter topology according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the 5 battery packs are formed by connecting m × n single energy storage batteries in series and in parallel.
3. An energy storage multilevel converter topology according to claim 2, characterized in that: the IGBT gate pole of each converter has 6 different switch states according to different modulation strategies, and the switch states are respectively as follows:
switching state 1: s65、S74、S75、S83、S84、S85、S92、S93、S94、S95、S10，1、S10，2、S10，3、S10，4、S10，5The signal IGBT is conducted, and the output current i of the converterpAlong S65、S74、S75、S83、S84、S85、S92、S93、S94、S95、S10，1、S10，2、S10，3、S10，4、S10，5Any conduction path formed by the IGBT flows, S21、S32、S41、S43、S52、S54、S61、S63、S72、S81The signal IGBT is switched on to form blocking voltage, the other IGBTs are switched off, and the output voltage of the converter is 0 at the moment;
switch state 2: s54、S55、S63、S64、S65、S72、S73、S74、S75、S81、S82、S83、S84、S85、S91、S92、S93、S94、S95The signal IGBT is conducted, and the output current i of the converterpAlong S54、S55、S63、S64、S65、S72、S73、S74、S75、S81、S82、S83、S84、S85、S91、S92、S93、S94、S95Any conduction path formed by the IGBT flows, S21、S32、S41、S43、S52、S54、S61The signal IGBT is switched on to form a blocking voltage, the other IGBTs are switched off, and the output voltage of the converter is V at the momentdc/5 wherein VdcThe voltage of two ends of the battery pack string is measured;
switch state 3: s43、S44、S45、S52、S53、S54、S55、S61、S62、S63、S64、S65、S71、S72、S73、S74、S75、S82、S83、S84、S85The signal IGBT is conducted, and the output current i of the converterpAlong S43、S44、S45、S52、S53、S54、S55、S61、S62、S63、S64、S65、S71、S72、S73、S74、S75、S82、S83、S84、S85Any conduction path formed by the IGBT flows, S21、S32、S41、S91The signal IGBT is switched on to form a blocking voltage, the other IGBTs are switched off, and the output voltage of the converter is 2V at the momentdc/5；
Switch state 4: s32、S33、S34、S35、S41、S42、S43、S44、S45、S51、S52、S53、S54、S55、S62、S63、S64、S65、S73、S74、S75The signal IGBT is conducted, and the output current i of the converterpAlong S32、S33、S34、S35、S41、S42、S43、S44、S45、S51、S52、S53、S54、S55、S62、S63、S64、S65、S73、S74、S75Any conduction path formed by the IGBT flows, S21、S71、S82、S91The signal IGBT is switched on to form a blocking voltage, the other IGBTs are switched off, and the output voltage of the converter is 3V at the momentdc/5；
Switch state 5: s21、S22、S23、S24、S25、S31、S32、S33、S34、S35、S42、S43、S44、S45、S53、S54、S55、S64、S65The signal IGBT is conducted, and the output current i of the converterpAlong S21、S22、S23、S24、S25、S31、S32、S33、S34、S35、S42、S43、S44、S45、S53、S54、S55、S64、S65Any conduction path formed by the IGBT flows, S51、S62、S71、S73、S82、S91The signal IGBT is switched on to form a blocking voltage, the other IGBTs are switched off, and the output voltage of the converter is 4V at the momentdc/5；
Switch state 6: s11、S12、S13、S14、S15、S22、S23、S24、S25、S33、S34、S35、S44、S45、S55The signal IGBT is conducted, and the output current i of the converterpAlong S21、S22、S23、S24、S25、S31、S32、S33、S34、S35、S42、S43、S44、S45、S53、S54、S55、S64、S65Any conduction path formed by the IGBT flows, S31、S42、S51、S53、S62、S64、S71、S73、S82、S91The signal IGBT is switched on to form a blocking voltage, the other IGBTs are switched off, and the output voltage of the converter is V at the momentdc。
4. A method for regulating and controlling the state of charge of a battery is based on the energy storage type multi-level converter topology disclosed by claim 3, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: imb for calculating state of charge unbalance between battery packs in battery pack stringsoci′And comparing it with a reference value
Figure FDA0002677052230000021
Making a difference, and comparing the difference value delta Imbsoci′Regulation is carried out in a PI regulator, where i' ═ 2,3, …, 5;
step 1.1: calculating the output power P of the battery pack string, as shown in the following formula:
Figure FDA0002677052230000022
wherein m is the modulation factor of the converter, IrmsIs the effective value of the output current of 3 converters, phi is the phase shift angle of the reference phase voltage;
calculating the common current i of the battery string according to the output power P of the battery stringcomThe following formula shows:
Figure FDA0002677052230000031
step 1.2: calculating the direct current I according to the current flowing through each battery packi′，Ii′The current between the connection point of the ith '-1 th battery pack and the ith' th battery pack and the capacitor is calculated and regulated2In time, make the regulation current I3＝I4＝I5When other regulating currents are calculated, setting the corresponding regulating current value to be zero, and then:
Figure FDA0002677052230000032
wherein iBatkIs the current flowing through the kth cell stack, k ═ 1,2, …, 5;
step 1.3: imb calculating the unbalance between the battery packs according to the battery packs and the DC regulated currentsoci′And a reference value
Figure FDA0002677052230000033
Step 1.4: will be different value
Figure FDA0002677052230000034
Sending into PI regulator for regulation, wherein the proportional coefficient K in the PI regulatorp100, integral coefficient Ki＝1；
Step 2: feeding the regulated output in the PI regulator into a decoupling matrix R4x4In, output via decoupling matrix R4x4After decoupling, obtaining the output compensation omega between the ith' battery packi′；
And step 3: compensating omega according to output of each battery groupi′Updating the modulation parameters of each converter to obtain the duty ratio of each converter to control the switching state in the converter, and further regulating and controlling the charge state of each battery pack, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: correcting the modulation coefficient m of the converter according to the correction coefficient lambda to obtain the corrected modulation coefficient m*；
Step 3.2: according to the modified modulation coefficient m*And (4) calculating an electric angle theta of a phase voltage a output by the converter to obtain the IGBT on each converterDuty ratio d ofxyWherein x is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3, and y is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 10;
step 3.3: compensating omega according to output of each battery groupi′Duty ratio d for each converterxyCompensating to obtain the compensated duty ratio dxy *；
And 3.4, regulating and controlling the energy storage of each battery pack by using the duty ratio of each IGBT compensated current transformer of each current transformer, so that the charge states of each battery pack are regulated and controlled to be consistent.
5. The method for regulating the state of charge of the battery according to claim 4, wherein: the specific method of the step 1.3 comprises the following steps:
step 1.3.1: according to the state of charge SoC of each battery packkCalculation value Imb for calculating state of charge unbalance of each battery packsoci′The following formula shows:
Figure FDA0002677052230000041
step 1.3.2: calculating reference value of state of charge unbalance between battery packs according to direct current regulation and control current
Figure FDA0002677052230000042
As shown in the following equation:
Figure FDA0002677052230000043
wherein s Laplace integral operator, QnomThe nominal capacity of each battery pack.
6. The method for regulating the state of charge of the battery according to claim 4, wherein: step 2 the decoupling matrix R4x4As shown in the following equation:
Figure FDA0002677052230000044
7. the method for regulating the state of charge of the battery according to claim 6, wherein: the specific method of the step 3.1 comprises the following steps:
step 3.1.1: calculating voltage bias parameter y among battery groups according to voltage of battery groupsi′The following formula shows:
Figure FDA0002677052230000051
wherein, Vi′Is the end-to-end voltage of the ith' battery pack;
step 3.1.2: calculating a correction coefficient lambda according to the voltage bias parameter among the battery groups, wherein the formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002677052230000052
step 3.1.3: the output voltages of all the battery packs are consistent, and the correction coefficient lambda is simplified, and the following formula is shown:
Figure FDA0002677052230000053
step 3.1.4: multiplying the simplified correction coefficient lambda by the modulation coefficient m to obtain a corrected modulation coefficient m*The following formula shows:
Figure FDA0002677052230000054
8. the method for controlling the state of charge of the battery according to claim 7, wherein: the specific method of the step 3.2 comprises the following steps:
step 3.2.1: a sine function of an electrical angle theta of phase voltage of the output a and a modulation coefficient m of the current transformer*Multiplying to obtain the duty ratio d of the first converter1Then aligning the sine functionThe phase shift is carried out to obtain the duty ratio d of the second converter and the third converter2，d3The following formula shows:
Figure FDA0002677052230000055
step 3.2.2: maximum value Max (d) of three converter duty ratios is takenx) Multiplying the difference between the maximum value and the duty ratio of each converter by a factor k1Obtaining the duty ratio d of each first IGBT on the corresponding converterx1(θ), as shown in the following equation:
dx1(θ)＝k1*Max[d1(θ)，d2(θ)，d3(θ)]-dx(θ)
wherein k is1＝1/2；
Step 3.2.3: taking the minimum Min (d) of three converter duty ratiosx) Multiplying the difference between the minimum value and the duty cycle of each converter by a factor k2Obtaining the duty ratio d of each tenth IGBT on the corresponding converterx,10(θ)；
dx,10(θ)＝dx(θ)-k2*Min[d1(θ)，d2(θ)，d3(θ)]
Wherein k is2＝1/2；
Step 3.2.4: and calculating the duty ratios of the second IGBT to the ninth IGBT on each converter, wherein the duty ratios are shown in the following formula:
dx2(θ)＝dx3(θ)＝…＝dx9(θ)＝k3(1-dx1(θ)-dx10(θ))
wherein k is3＝1/4。
9. The method for controlling the state of charge of the battery according to claim 8, wherein: the specific method of the step 3.3 is as follows:
step 3.3.1: calculating a compensation coefficient rho according to the output compensation between each battery pack1The duty ratio d of the first IGBT in the 3 convertersx1(theta) are each multiplied by a compensation coefficient rho1Obtaining the compensated duty ratio dx1 *(θ), wherein:
ρ1＝1-ω2-ω3-ω4-ω5
step 3.3.2: calculating a compensation coefficient rho according to the output compensation between each battery pack2The duty ratio d of the tenth IGBT in the 3 convertersx，10(theta) multiplied by a compensation coefficient rho2Obtaining the compensated duty ratio dx10 *(θ), wherein:
ρ2＝1+ω2+ω3+ω4+ω5
step 3.3.3: compensating the output between each battery group by omegai′Multiplied by dx1(theta) and dx,10(theta) and adding the product result to dxp(theta) obtaining the compensated duty ratios d of the second IGBT to the ninth IGBT on each converterxp *(theta), wherein p is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 9.
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