CN110224496B - Optimization method of impedance matching network for electric field coupling wireless power transmission - Google Patents

Optimization method of impedance matching network for electric field coupling wireless power transmission Download PDF

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CN110224496B
CN110224496B CN201910515640.9A CN201910515640A CN110224496B CN 110224496 B CN110224496 B CN 110224496B CN 201910515640 A CN201910515640 A CN 201910515640A CN 110224496 B CN110224496 B CN 110224496B
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程瑜华
夏宏飞
李文钧
王高峰
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Hangzhou Dianzi University
Hangzhou Dianzi University Wenzhou Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02J50/05—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using capacitive coupling
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Abstract

The invention discloses an optimization method of an impedance matching network for electric field coupling wireless power transmission. The disadvantage of the rapid decrease of transmission capability in the application of electric field coupling in medium and long distance transmission has always plagued researchers. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, acquiring the internal resistance of a signal source; step 2, establishing expressions of all elements in the impedance matching network; step 3, establishing a function relation of the voltage gain and the actual working frequency; and 4, changing a parameter simulation voltage change curve. The invention discusses the influence of the jitter of the working frequency and the parasitic resistance of the inductor on the voltage gain of the system when the element parameters are accurate through simulation, and obtains a parameter value selection interval which can enable the stability and the voltage gain of the circuit to be ideal when the parameters are designed. The parameter design optimization process of the invention can avoid unnecessary damage of the circuit in the working process.

Description

Optimization method of impedance matching network for electric field coupling wireless power transmission
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric field coupling wireless power transmission, and particularly relates to an optimization method of an impedance matching network for electric field coupling wireless power transmission.
Background
With the development of wireless power transmission technology, wireless power transmission systems based on various transmission forms are applied in the fields of implantable medical treatment, electric vehicle power supply, consumer electronic charging and the like. At present, the application is the most extensive, the technology is the most mature magnetic field coupling type wireless power transmission technology based on coils, comparatively speaking, the electric field coupling is used as a working mode coupled with the magnetic field coupling, only a light and thin low-cost aluminum plate or copper plate is used as a transmitting and receiving electrode, in the metal object existing around, the leakage electric field can not cause eddy current loss in the transmitting and receiving electrode, in the high-frequency application, the current isolation between the electrode plates can be better, and an expensive high-rated magnetic core is not needed. However, in the application of electric field coupling in medium and long distance transmission, the disadvantage of the rapid decrease of transmission capability has always plagued researchers. The impedance matching network can play roles in increasing the transmission voltage of the capacitor port, improving the transmission capability of the system, enhancing the robustness of the system and the like, so that how to optimize the impedance matching network in the design process is an important problem.
The impedance matching network has different structures and design flows under different applications. In electric field coupling, the purpose of the matching network is to resonate with the capacitance generated by two pairs of metal plates, so that the imaginary part impedance is zero, the reactive loss is reduced to the minimum, and meanwhile, the maximum output power or the maximum transmission efficiency is obtained through impedance matching. However, during the design process, the following problems may occur: the stability of the circuit is not enough. The method comprises the step of obtaining a large difference value between the input and output voltage gain of the circuit and an ideal value when the element parameter has an error with an actual nominal value and the working frequency of the circuit is jittered. Secondly, the influence of the parasitic resistance of the inductor used in the matching network on the voltage gain is large and can not be ignored in the circuit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an optimization method of an impedance matching network based on electric field coupling wireless power transmission.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, obtaining the internal resistance Rs of a signal source.
Step 2, establishing expressions of each element in the impedance matching network
2-1, using LCL impedance matching network as impedance matching network; the LCL impedance matching network includes an inductance L1, an inductance L2, and a capacitance C1. Introducing a first load quality factor Q1A second load quality factor Q2And an inductance ratio k. First load quality factor Q1Is the ratio of the impedance of the inductor L1 to the internal resistance Rs of the signal source; first load quality factor Q1Is the ratio of the impedance of the inductor L2 to the load impedance RL; the inductance ratio k represents the ratio of the inductance of the inductor L1 to the inductance of the inductor L2; combined formula (1) introducing an integrated figure of merit
Figure BDA0002094949790000021
2-2. establishment of Q1、Q2With respect to Q0K ofThe expression is shown as formula (1);
Figure BDA0002094949790000022
Figure BDA0002094949790000023
2-3, establishing a parameter calculation expression of the LCL impedance matching network as shown in the formula (2);
Figure BDA0002094949790000024
Figure BDA0002094949790000025
Figure BDA0002094949790000026
in the formula (2), ω0Is the target operating frequency.
Step 3, establishing a functional relation formula of the voltage gain | Mv | and the actual working frequency omega as shown in a formula (3);
Figure BDA0002094949790000027
in the formula (3), the reaction mixture is,
Figure BDA0002094949790000028
CE1the capacitance value between a first pair of wireless transmission polar plates in the electric field coupling wireless electric energy transmission circuit; cE2The capacitance value between a second pair of wireless transmission polar plates in the electric field coupling wireless power transmission circuit; j is an imaginary unit.
Step 4, changing the parameter simulation voltage change curve
4-1, setting the ordinate as the voltage gainThe abscissa is frequency, and the abscissa variable is the target operating frequency omega0Centered, shifted left and right by 10% of the voltage gain coordinate system.
4-2. establishment of Q0Candidate parameter set q of (1)1,q2,...,qm}; establishing candidate parameter sets for k1,k2,...,kn}; 1 is assigned to i, j and a.
4-3, mixing Q0Is set to be qi(ii) a Setting the value of k to kj(ii) a According to Q0K calculates Q1、Q2、L1、L2、C1Obtaining a corresponding voltage gain variation curve chart along with the actual working frequency according to the formula (3); and reading the maximum voltage gain M of the variation curve graph of the voltage gain along with the actual working frequency in the variation range of the actual working frequency between 0.96 omega and 1.04 omegaVmaxAnd minimum voltage gain MVmin；
If M isVmaxAnd MVminIf formula (4) is satisfied, q isiAs the a-th comprehensive quality factor candidate value Q'aWill k isjAs the a-th inductance ratio candidate value k'aIncreasing a by 1 and then entering the step 4-4; otherwise, directly entering step 4-4.
Figure BDA0002094949790000031
4-4, if i is less than m and j is less than n, increasing i by 1 and repeating the step 4-3; if i is m and j is less than n, assigning 1 to i, increasing j by 1, and repeating the steps 4-3; if i ═ m and j ═ n, the process proceeds to step 4-5.
4-5, taking the closed interval from the minimum value to the maximum value in the a-1 quality factor candidate values as the comprehensive quality factor Q0The value range of (a); and taking a closed interval from the minimum value to the maximum value in the a-1 inductance ratio candidate values as a value range of the inductance ratio k.
Further, before the step 2-2 is executed, according to the impedance transformation principle, the signal source internal resistance Rs, the inductor L1, the capacitor C1, the inductor L2 and the load R in the LCL impedance matching network are matchedLIs equivalently connected in parallelConductance G ofS、B1、BC、B2、GL(ii) a According to the conjugate principle, the principle that the real parts are equal and the imaginary parts are offset, the following formula is established: y isA＝GS-jB1、YB＝GL-jB2、 GS＝GL、BC＝B1+B2. Wherein, YA、YBRespectively, represent equivalent conductance expressions looking into both ends of the capacitance C1. The following expression is established:
Figure BDA0002094949790000032
Figure BDA0002094949790000033
further, q is1,q2,...,qmThe numerical values of (A) are different and are all larger than 0 and smaller than 50; m is more than or equal to 20.
Further, k is1,k2,...,knThe values of (A) are different and are both greater than 1/5 and less than 5; n is more than or equal to 20.
Further, in step 4-3, a graph of the voltage gain versus the actual operating frequency is obtained by MATLAB software.
Further, after the step four is executed, the comprehensive quality factor Q obtained in the step 4-5 is obtained according to the design requirement0Selects a value from the value range as the final comprehensive quality factor Q0(ii) a Selecting a numerical value from the value range of the inductance ratio k obtained in the step 4-5 as a final inductance ratio k; and calculating the capacitance value of the capacitor C1, the inductance values of the inductor L1 and the inductor L2 according to the formula (2) to build an LCL impedance matching network.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention discusses the influence of the jitter of the working frequency and the parasitic resistance of the inductor on the voltage gain of the system when the element parameters are accurate through simulation, and obtains a parameter value selection interval which can enable the stability and the voltage gain of the circuit to be ideal when the parameters are designed.
2. Through the parameter design optimization process, unnecessary damage of a circuit in the working process can be avoided, and meanwhile, the transmission performance of the wireless power transmission system which meets the application requirement of the wireless power transmission system can be visually obtained through parameter selection.
3. The invention provides better theoretical guidance for the actual design of the high-frequency low-power-consumption electric field coupling type wireless power transmission system.
4. The invention has more obvious effect in the design and application of medium and high frequency, because under the working frequency of medium and high frequency, the capacitance and the inductance can present different parasitic parameter characteristics along with the frequency change, thereby changing the parameters of the whole system and causing influence on output signals.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of an electric field coupled wireless power transfer circuit;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of an LCL impedance matching network circuit employed in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an impedance matching network ignoring parasitic resistance in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of fig. 3 after impedance transformation.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The optimization method of the impedance matching network for electric field coupling wireless power transmission is applied to an electric field coupling wireless power transmission circuit.
As shown in fig. 1, the electric field coupling wireless power transmission circuit includes a signal source (r), an impedance matching network (r), a coupling electrode plate set (r) and a load (r). The signal source includes a DC power supply and an inverter. The direct current power supply provides direct current voltage for the circuit to work. The inverter converts the dc signal into an ac signal that can be transmitted through the substrate capacitance. Impedance matching network is used to compensate imaginary impedance in circuit to reduce reactive power loss. The coupling polar plate group III is composed of two pairs of polar plates, and the signal output end and the signal receiving end are respectively separated to form a loop. The load (r) replaces all energy consumption devices, and the active power generated on the load is the output power of the wireless power transmission circuit.
The inverter adopts full-bridge, half-bridge contravariant, AB class power amplifier or E class power amplifier's inverter, and different inverters have different work efficiency, but can not cause the influence to following optimization process. The optimal load R exists in the design parameter process of partial invertersoptThe efficiency of the inverter can reach the highest under the load, and in order to improve the overall working efficiency of the circuit system, the following impedance matching network should match the optimal load R as much as possibleoptAnd (4) matching. Impedance matching networks can be designed at the front stage and the rear stage of the coupling electrode plate group, and the single-side network and the double-side network can influence the anti-deviation capability, the transmission distance and the like of the electric energy transmission system, but cannot cause difference in design process optimization. Some variables need to be customized in the parameter design process of the impedance matching network, and different variable values can cause the system to have different characteristics.
The load is regarded as a pure resistor, and the impedance matching network also achieves an ideal state that the imaginary part impedance is zero, so that the influence of the jitter of the working frequency on components in the circuit system can be intuitively reflected from the change of the voltage gain.
As shown in fig. 2, the impedance matching network employs an LCL impedance matching network; the LCL impedance matching network includes a capacitor C1, an inductor L1, and an inductor L2. The inductor L1 and the inductor L2 are connected in series between the signal source and the coupling electrode plate group, the capacitor C1 is connected in parallel on the loop, and one end of the capacitor C is located between the inductor L1 and the inductor L2. In fig. 2, R1 is the parasitic resistance of inductor L1; r2 is the parasitic resistance of inductor L2; the CE1 and the CE2 are respectively capacitances formed by two pairs of wireless transmission plates in the electric field coupling wireless power transmission circuit.
The optimization method of the impedance matching network for electric field coupling wireless power transmission comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, determining the optimal load impedance of an inverter in a signal source according to design requirements. Optimum load impedance and load impedance R of inverterLAre equal. The optimal load impedance of the inverter is the signal source internal resistance Rs.
Step 2, determining a matching network design flow and a parameter calculation formula
2-1, introducing a first load quality factor Q1A second load quality factor Q2And an inductance ratio k. First load quality factor Q1Is the ratio of the impedance of the inductor L1 to the internal resistance Rs of the signal source; first load quality factor Q1Is the ratio of the impedance of the inductor L2 to the load impedance RL; the inductance ratio k represents the ratio of the inductance of the inductor L1 to the inductance of the inductor L2; introducing an integrated quality factor
Figure BDA0002094949790000051
2-2. as shown in fig. 3 and 4, according to the impedance transformation principle, the signal source internal resistance Rs, the inductor L1, the capacitor C1, the inductor L2 and the load R in the LCL impedance matching network are matchedLEquivalent to a parallel conductance GS、B1、BC、B2、GL；
According to the conjugate principle, the principle that the real parts are equal and the imaginary parts are offset is adopted, the method is established (1)
YA＝GS-jB1Formula (1a)
YB＝GL-jB2Formula (2a)
GS＝GLFormula (3a)
BC＝B1+B2Formula (4a)
In the formula (1), YA、YBRespectively, represent equivalent conductance expressions looking into both ends of the capacitance C1. In an ideal state, each conductance parameter satisfying the formula (1) can eliminate unnecessary reactive power loss.
According to the impedance transformation principle, the following expression is established:
Figure BDA0002094949790000061
Figure BDA0002094949790000062
2-3. synthesize the previous formula, establish Q1、Q2With respect to Q0K is as follows:
Figure BDA0002094949790000063
Figure BDA0002094949790000064
2-4, establishing a parameter calculation expression of the LCL impedance matching network as shown in the formula (2)
Figure BDA0002094949790000065
Figure BDA0002094949790000066
Figure BDA0002094949790000067
In the formula (2), ω0The target operating frequency is determined by the load.
Different overall quality factors Q0And the inductance ratio k is substituted into formula (2), so that the corresponding parameters of the capacitor C1, the inductor L1 and the inductor L2 can be obtained, and an LCL impedance matching network is formed.
Step 3, establishing a functional relation formula of the voltage gain | Mv | and the actual working frequency omega as shown in a formula (3);
Figure BDA0002094949790000071
in the formula (3), ω is the actual operating frequency, and the change of the value will affect the magnitude of the voltage gain | Mv |;
Figure BDA0002094949790000072
CE1the capacitance value between a first pair of wireless transmission polar plates in the electric field coupling wireless electric energy transmission circuit;CE2the capacitance value between a second pair of wireless transmission polar plates in the electric field coupling wireless power transmission circuit; j is an imaginary unit.
Step 4, changing the parameter simulation voltage change curve
4-1, setting the ordinate as voltage gain, the abscissa as frequency and the abscissa variable as the target working frequency omega0Centered, shifted by 10% to the left and right (range of 0.9 omega on the abscissa)0～1.1ω0) Voltage gain coordinate system of (1). The purpose of this setting is that the demonstration is directly perceived when the operating frequency takes place the shake in the course of working, and whether voltage gain can appear sharp change, and this kind of change can bring the too big harm such as damaging components and parts of voltage pulse. The voltage gain is the ratio of the input voltage to the output voltage of the LCL impedance matching network.
4-2. establishment of Q0Candidate parameter set q of (1)1,q2,...,qm}; establishing candidate parameter sets for k1,k2,...,kn}；m≥20，n≥20， q1,q2,...,qmThe values of (A) are different and are all larger than 0 and smaller than 50. k is a radical of1,k2,...,knThe values of (A) are different and are both greater than 1/5 and less than 5. 1 is assigned to i, j and a.
4-3, mixing Q0Is set to be qi(ii) a Setting the value of k to kj(ii) a According to Q0K and equation (2) in MATLAB software to calculate Q1、Q2、L1、L2、C1Obtaining a corresponding voltage gain variation curve chart along with the actual working frequency according to the formula (3); and reading the maximum voltage gain M of the variation curve graph of the voltage gain along with the actual working frequency in the variation range of the actual working frequency between 0.96 omega and 1.04 omegaVmaxAnd minimum voltage gain MVmin；
If M isVmaxAnd MVminSatisfy formula (4), and all satisfy the design requirement (the design requirement is determined according to the specific application scenario, belongs to the prior art, and is not described again), then q is comparediAs the a-th comprehensive quality factor candidate value Q'aWill k isjAs the a-th inductance ratio candidatek′aIncreasing a by 1 and then entering the step 4-4; otherwise, directly entering step 4-4.
Figure BDA0002094949790000081
4-4, if i is less than m and j is less than n, increasing i by 1 and repeating the step 4-3; if i is m and j is less than n, assigning 1 to i, increasing j by 1, and repeating the steps 4-3; if i ═ m and j ═ n, the process proceeds to step 4-5.
It should be noted that different parameters are selected to obtain different required inductance values, and since the loss caused by the parasitic resistance of the inductor in the medium-high frequency application is not negligible, according to the definition formulas of L1 and L2 in step 3-4, when the values of Q and k are larger, the obtained values of L1 and L2 are also larger, however, the parasitic resistance of the inductor is related to the quality factor and the inductance value of the inductor, and when the quality factor is determined, the larger the inductance value is, the larger the parasitic resistance is, therefore, when the parameters are set, the smaller inductor is used as much as possible, which can reduce the loss and improve the overall efficiency of the circuit.
4-5, taking the closed interval from the minimum value to the maximum value in the a-1 quality factor candidate values as the comprehensive quality factor Q0The value range of (a); and taking a closed interval from the minimum value to the maximum value in the a-1 inductance ratio candidate values as a value range of the inductance ratio k.
Step five, obtaining the comprehensive quality factor Q in the step 4-5 according to the design requirement0Selects a value from the value range as the final comprehensive quality factor Q0(ii) a Selecting a numerical value from the value range of the inductance ratio k obtained in the step 4-5 as a final inductance ratio k; and calculating the capacitance value of the capacitor C1, the inductance values of the inductor L1 and the inductor L2 according to the formula (2) to build an LCL impedance matching network.

Claims (6)

1. The optimization method of the impedance matching network for electric field coupling wireless power transmission is characterized in that: step 1, obtaining the internal resistance Rs of a signal source;
step 2, establishing expressions of each element in the impedance matching network
2-1, using LCL impedance matching network as impedance matching network; the LCL impedance matching network comprises an inductor L1, an inductor L2 and a capacitor C1; introducing a first load quality factor Q1A second load quality factor Q2And an inductance ratio k; first load quality factor Q1Is the ratio of the impedance of the inductor L1 to the internal resistance Rs of the signal source; second load quality factor Q2Is the ratio of the impedance of the inductor L2 to the load impedance RL; the inductance ratio k represents the ratio of the inductance of the inductor L1 to the inductance of the inductor L2; combining the formula (1a) and the formula (1b), introducing an integrated quality factor
Figure FDA0002882395790000011
2-2. establishment of Q1、Q2With respect to Q0The expression of k is shown as formula (1a) and formula (1 b);
Figure FDA0002882395790000012
Figure FDA0002882395790000013
2-3, establishing parameter calculation expressions of the LCL impedance matching network as shown in a formula (2a), a formula (2b) and a formula (2 c);
Figure FDA0002882395790000014
Figure FDA0002882395790000015
Figure FDA0002882395790000016
in the formulae (2a), (2b) and (2c), ω is0Working on the targetFrequency;
step 3, establishing a functional relation formula of the voltage gain | Mv | and the actual working frequency omega as shown in a formula (3);
Figure FDA0002882395790000021
in the formula (3), the reaction mixture is,
Figure FDA0002882395790000022
CE1the capacitance value between a first pair of wireless transmission polar plates in the electric field coupling wireless electric energy transmission circuit; cE2The capacitance value between a second pair of wireless transmission polar plates in the electric field coupling wireless power transmission circuit; j is an imaginary unit; r1Is the parasitic resistance value of the inductance L1; r2Is the parasitic resistance value of the inductance L2;
step 4, changing the parameter simulation voltage change curve
4-1, setting the ordinate as voltage gain, the abscissa as frequency, and the abscissa variable as target working frequency omega0A voltage gain coordinate system which is offset by 10% from left to right by taking the center as a center;
4-2. establishment of Q0Candidate parameter set q of (1)1,q2,...,qm}; establishing candidate parameter sets for k1,k2,...,kn}; assigning 1 to i, j and a;
4-3, mixing Q0Is set to be qi(ii) a Setting the value of k to kj(ii) a According to Q0K calculates Q1、Q2、L1、L2、C1Obtaining a corresponding voltage gain variation curve chart along with the actual working frequency according to the formula (3); and reading the maximum voltage gain M of the variation curve graph of the voltage gain along with the actual working frequency in the variation range of the actual working frequency between 0.96 omega and 1.04 omegaVmaxAnd minimum voltage gain MVmin；
If M isVmaxAnd MVminIf formula (4) is satisfied, q isiAs the a-th comprehensive quality factor candidate value Q'aWill k isjAs the a-th inductance ratio candidate value k'aIncreasing a by 1 and then entering the step 4-4; otherwise, directly entering the step 4-4;
Figure FDA0002882395790000023
4-4, if i is less than m and j is less than n, increasing i by 1 and repeating the step 4-3; if i is m and j is less than n, assigning 1 to i, increasing j by 1, and repeating the steps 4-3; if i is m and j is n, entering the step 4-5;
4-5, taking the closed interval from the minimum value to the maximum value in the a-1 quality factor candidate values as the comprehensive quality factor Q0The value range of (a); and taking a closed interval from the minimum value to the maximum value in the a-1 inductance ratio candidate values as a value range of the inductance ratio k.
2. The method of optimizing an impedance matching network for electric field coupled wireless power transfer of claim 1, wherein: before the step 2-2 is executed, according to the impedance transformation principle, the signal source internal resistance Rs, the inductor L1, the capacitor C1, the inductor L2 and the load R in the LCL impedance matching network are subjected to impedance transformationLEquivalent to a parallel conductance GS、B1、BC、B2、GL(ii) a According to the conjugate principle, the principle that the real parts are equal and the imaginary parts are offset, the following formula is established: y isA＝GS-jB1、YB＝GL-jB2、GS＝GL、BC＝B1+B2(ii) a Wherein, YA、YBRespectively representing equivalent conductance expressions looking into both ends of the capacitor C1; the following expression is established:
Figure FDA0002882395790000031
Figure FDA0002882395790000032
3. use according to claim 1 for electric fieldsThe optimization method of the impedance matching network for coupling wireless power transmission is characterized in that: q. q.s1,q2,...,qmThe numerical values of (A) are different and are all larger than 0 and smaller than 50; m is more than or equal to 20.
4. The method of optimizing an impedance matching network for electric field coupled wireless power transfer of claim 1, wherein: k is a radical of1,k2,...,knThe values of (A) are different and are both greater than 1/5 and less than 5; n is more than or equal to 20.
5. The method of optimizing an impedance matching network for electric field coupled wireless power transfer of claim 1, wherein: in step 4-3, a graph of the change of the voltage gain along with the actual working frequency is obtained by MATLAB software.
6. The method of optimizing an impedance matching network for electric field coupled wireless power transfer of claim 1, wherein: after the step four is executed, the comprehensive quality factor Q obtained in the step 4-5 is obtained according to the design requirement0Selects a value from the value range as the final comprehensive quality factor Q0(ii) a Selecting a numerical value from the value range of the inductance ratio k obtained in the step 4-5 as a final inductance ratio k; and calculating the capacitance value of the capacitor C1 and the inductance values of the inductor L1 and the inductor L2 according to the formula (2a), the formula (2b) and the formula (2C) to build up an LCL impedance matching network.
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