CN110148944B - High-power-density island interactive UPS and comprehensive control method thereof - Google Patents

High-power-density island interactive UPS and comprehensive control method thereof Download PDF

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CN110148944B
CN110148944B CN201910532105.4A CN201910532105A CN110148944B CN 110148944 B CN110148944 B CN 110148944B CN 201910532105 A CN201910532105 A CN 201910532105A CN 110148944 B CN110148944 B CN 110148944B
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voltage
ups
current
rectifier
load
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CN110148944A (en
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罗安
刘一峰
周小平
何志兴
陈燕东
戴瑜兴
周乐明
徐千鸣
谢志为
李民英
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Guangdong Zhicheng Champion Group Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/01—Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/062—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for AC powered loads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/067—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems using multi-primary transformers, e.g. transformer having one primary for each AC energy source and a secondary for the loads
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/40—Arrangements for reducing harmonics

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-power density island interactive UPS and a comprehensive control method thereof. The UPS rectifier is used for controlling charging and discharging of the battery and simultaneously used for improving the problems of harmonic pollution and reactive injection of a power grid caused by nonlinear load access. When the power supply of the island fails, the energy storage battery pack supplies power, and the two converters output power supply voltage together to provide continuous and reliable voltage for the load. Under such conditions, the power density is higher than that of a conventional UPS because the current stress experienced by each converter is reduced by half as the outputs of the two converters are connected in parallel. The invention can reduce the capacity and volume of the UPS device, and can be widely applied to occasions with large harmonic pollution and high requirement on the reliability of the power supply.

Description

High-power-density island interactive UPS and comprehensive control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of UPS control, and particularly relates to an interactive UPS comprehensive control method for islands with high power density.
Background
With the further development of modern network technology and information industry, the loss caused by the interruption of power supply to the important loads of many electronic devices becomes more and more serious. An Uninterruptible Power Supply (Uninterruptable Power Supply-UPS) can provide a continuous, high-quality, high-efficiency and reliable alternating current Power Supply with protection and detection functions for a load, and is widely applied to departments of computers, communication, finance, traffic, national defense, electric Power and the like.
With more and more nonlinear loads connected to the island power system, harmonic pollution of the island power system is more and more serious, harmonic flooding affects safe and economic operation of a power grid, and power grid harmonic treatment is more and more important. The traditional UPS rarely considers harmonic and reactive pollution caused by nonlinear load and reasonable switching of charging and discharging of an energy storage battery and control of direct-current side voltage. Considering that one side of the UPS with the online interactive structure charges the storage battery through the commercial power and the other side controls and compensates the supply voltage of the commercial power under the normal supply of the commercial power, the harmonic wave and reactive current compensation control of the power grid is added while the commercial power charges and discharges the storage battery through the converter, the quality of electric energy is improved, and after the commercial power is in a fault bypass, the two converters of the UPS are connected in parallel to supply power together, so that the design capacity of the UPS is reduced, and the power density is improved. Therefore, based on the online interactive UPS structure, a reasonable control mode is needed, so that when the mains supply fluctuates, the inverter compensates the power supply voltage quality of the island, and the rectifier compensates the power grid power quality; after the mains supply fails, the inverter and the rectifier are connected in parallel to output power supply voltage, current stress borne by each converter is reduced by half, and power density is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-power-density island interactive UPS and a comprehensive control method thereof, wherein when the commercial power fluctuates, an inverter compensates the quality of island power supply voltage, and a rectifier compensates the quality of power grid power; after the mains supply fails, the inverter and the rectifier are connected in parallel to output power supply voltage, current stress borne by each converter is reduced by half, and power density is improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a high power density sea island interactive UPS comprises a filter, a static switch, a transformer, an inverter, a rectifier, an energy storage battery pack and a controller; the filter is connected with the commercial power output end, and the static switch is connected between the filter output end and the transformer input end; the inverter and the rectifier are respectively connected with two isolated ports of the transformer, and the energy storage battery pack is connected to direct current buses of the two converters; the controller is connected with the sampling circuit and drives the inverter and the rectifier through the driving protection circuit.
The comprehensive control method comprises an inverter control part and a rectifier control part:
the inverter control section includes:
1) detecting the output voltage u of the mainssLoad current iLInverter input current iinvAnd an output voltage uinvRectifier input current irecAnd an output voltage urecDC side voltage udc；
2) The commercial power is output to a voltage usThe synchronous phase angle theta is obtained by phase-locked loop calculationsAnd detecting whether the commercial power is in failure;
3) if the commercial power is in failure, the static switch is switched off, and the load reference voltage amplitude U is obtained* LAnd the synchronous phase angle thetasSynthesis calculation to obtain u* LAs an output voltage command of the inverter, the output voltage command and an actual output voltage u thereofinvThe difference is sent to a PI controller to obtain an inner ring reference current iinvrThen, realizing no-static-error tracking through proportional resonance control; when the commercial power fails, the rectifier is switched to V/F control, and the output voltage is subjected to PI control to obtain an inner loop current instruction irec1(ii) a If the mains supply is normal, outputting the voltage u to the mains supplysLags by 90 degrees to obtain a voltage component corresponding to a beta axis, and then the voltage component u under a rotating coordinate system is obtained through alpha beta/dq transformationd，uqAccording to the load reference voltage amplitude U* LCalculating to obtain q-axis component u of load reference voltageql；
4) Will udAnd uqlTransforming the voltage to alpha-beta coordinate to obtain the load reference output voltage
Figure BDA0002100082680000021
And then with the output voltage usSubtracting to obtain the output voltage command of the inverter, the output voltage command and the actual output voltage uinvThe difference is sent to a PI controller to obtain an inner ring reference current iinvrInner ring reference current iinvrObtaining a driving signal of the inverter through proportional resonance control;
the rectifier control section includes:
1) will load current iLSynchronous signal sin theta with mains voltagesMultiplying, namely multiplying the product by a coefficient 2 through a low-pass filter to obtain a load active current peak value; obtaining a compensation current reference i to be compensated by the UPS by using the load active current peak valuep；
2) The voltage u on the DC side is measureddcAnd a DC voltage reference value udcnSubtracting, and enabling the obtained error signal to pass through a PI (proportional integral) controller and then to be synchronous with the grid voltage sin thetasMultiplication, superimposed on the compensation current reference ipFinally, obtaining the input current reference value i of the UPS rectifierrecr2；
3) Input current reference value i of UPS rectifierrecr2And the input current i of the rectifierrecAnd (4) performing difference making, obtaining an inverter modulation wave through a proportional resonance and harmonic compensation controller, and comparing the inverter modulation wave with a carrier wave to obtain a rectifier driving signal.
After the mains supply failure, if the battery is discharged all the time, the voltage u on the direct current side is enableddc<0.6udcnIf the quality of the output voltage of the UPS is poor, the output of the UPS is closed to wait for the commercial power to recover to normal again.
In the present invention, the voltage component u in the rotating coordinate systemd，uqThe expression of (a) is:
Figure BDA0002100082680000031
q-axis component u of load reference voltageqlThe expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0002100082680000032
in the invention, the compensation current reference i to be compensated of the UPS is obtained by utilizing the load active current peak valuepThe process comprises the following steps: calculating the direct current part of the h-th harmonic current by using the peak value of the active current of the load, filtering and extracting the direct current part, and multiplying the direct current part by the grid voltage synchronous signal sin thetasAnd 2, subtracting the load current to obtain a compensation current reference i which needs to be compensated by the UPS when the mains supply is normalp。
The transfer function of the combined proportional resonance and harmonic compensation controller is:
Figure BDA0002100082680000033
wherein, KpIs a proportionality coefficient, KrIs the fundamental resonance coefficient, KrhThe harmonic coefficient is the resonance coefficient of the h-th harmonic, h is the characteristic subharmonic of the load, and omega is the angular frequency of the power grid.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can supply power to the load through the filter, the static switch and the transformer when the commercial power is normally supplied, the UPS inverter compensates the load supply voltage in order to maintain the stability of the supply voltage, and simultaneously, the rectifier outputs the compensation current in order to improve the problem of electric energy quality caused by the access of the nonlinear load, and the harmonic wave and the reactive current are offset; when the power supply is powered off, the energy storage battery pack supplies power, the two converters output power supply voltage in parallel, at the moment, the two converters work in a V/f control mode simultaneously to provide continuous and reliable voltage for the load, and the UPS power density is improved (when the island power supply fails, the energy storage battery pack supplies power, the two converters output power supply voltage together to provide continuous and reliable voltage for the load. On the basis of improving the quality of the power supply voltage, the invention realizes the compensation of harmonic wave and reactive pollution caused by island nonlinear load to the power system, has simple circuit, low cost and high efficiency, can be widely applied to occasions with high requirement on the quality of electric energy, and is particularly suitable for the power supply of island electric equipment. The invention can reduce the capacity and volume of the UPS device, and can be widely applied to occasions with large harmonic pollution and high requirement on the reliability of the power supply.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an interactive UPS structure with high power density on sea island according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a control block diagram of a high power density island interactive UPS inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a control block diagram of a high power density island interactive UPS rectifier according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a high power density island interactive UPS operation mode switching process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an interactive UPS structure with high power density on sea island according to an embodiment of the present invention, which includes a filter, a static switch, an inverter, a rectifier, a transformer, an energy storage battery pack and a controller; the filter is connected with the commercial power output end, and the static switch is connected between the filter output end and the transformer input end; the inverter and the rectifier are connected with two isolated ports of the transformer, and the energy storage battery pack is connected to direct current buses of the two converters; the controller is connected with the sampling circuit and is connected with a drive protection circuit of the converter; the two converters both adopt an H-bridge structure formed by IGBTs. The control system comprises a controller, a sampling circuit and a drive protection circuit.
Fig. 2 and fig. 3 are control block diagrams of a high power density island interactive UPS according to an embodiment of the present invention, which mainly include a fault detection module, a phase-locked loop module, an inverter compensation voltage calculation module, a load supply voltage control module, a rectifier compensation current calculation module, a dc-side voltage stabilization control module, and a proportional resonance and harmonic compensation control module, and a specific control strategy includes the following steps:
1) detecting the output voltage u of the mainssLoad current iLContrary to each otherInverter input current iinvAnd an output voltage uinvRectifier input current irecAnd an output voltage urecDC side voltage udc；
2) The commercial power is output to a voltage usThe synchronous phase angle theta is obtained by phase-locked loop calculationsAnd detecting whether the commercial power is in failure;
3) if the commercial power is in failure, the static switch is switched off, and the load reference voltage amplitude U is obtained* LAnd the synchronous phase angle thetasSynthetic calculation to obtain u* LAs an output voltage command of the inverter, and an actual output voltage u thereofinvThe difference is sent to a PI controller, and an inner loop reference current i is obtained through PI outputinvrThen, realizing no-static-error tracking through proportional resonance control; when the commercial power fails, the rectifier is switched to V/F control, and the output voltage is subjected to PI control to obtain an inner loop current instruction irec1Because the output voltage instruction and the voltage outer ring current inner ring control mode are the same as those of the inverter, the outputs of the two converters are connected in parallel, the borne current stress is reduced by half, and the power density is improved;
4) if the mains supply is normal, the power supply voltage u obtained by sampling in the step 1) is usedsLags by 90 degrees to obtain a voltage component corresponding to a beta axis, and then the voltage component u under a rotating coordinate system is obtained through alpha beta/dq transformationd，uqThe formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002100082680000051
then according to the load reference voltage amplitude U* LCalculating to obtain q-axis component u of load reference voltageqlThe formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002100082680000052
will udAnd uqlTransforming the voltage to alpha-beta coordinate to obtain the load reference output voltage
Figure BDA0002100082680000054
And then with the supply voltage usSubtracting to obtain the output voltage command of the inverter, and comparing the output voltage command with the actual output voltage uinvThe difference is sent to a PI controller, and an inner ring reference current i is obtained through outputinvrObtaining a driving signal of the inverter through proportional resonance control;
5) the load current i detected in the step 1) is measuredLAnd the detected mains voltage synchronous signal sin theta in the step 2)sMultiplying, and then multiplying by a low-pass filter and a coefficient 2 to obtain a load active current peak value, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002100082680000053
wherein Imh、φhThe amplitude and power factor angle of the h-th harmonic current (h is 1,2, …), respectively, it can be seen that the dc component is half of the load active current peak value, and the dc component is filtered and extracted and then multiplied by the grid voltage synchronous signal sin θsAnd 2, subtracting the load current to obtain a reactive and harmonic reference i to be compensated by the UPS when the mains supply is normalp；
6) The voltage u at the direct current side obtained by sampling in the step 1) is processeddcAnd a DC voltage reference value udcnSubtracting to obtain an error signal, and synchronizing the error signal with the grid voltage sin theta after passing through a PI controllersMultiplying and superimposing the compensation current reference i obtained in step 5)pFinally, obtaining the input current reference value i of the UPS rectifierrecr2；
7) Comparing the rectifier current reference instruction value obtained in the step 3) or the step 6) with the current value i obtained by samplingrecAnd (3) performing difference, obtaining an inverter modulation wave through a proportional resonance and harmonic compensation controller (PR + HC), and comparing the inverter modulation wave with a carrier wave to obtain a converter driving signal, wherein the transfer function of the controller is as follows:
Figure BDA0002100082680000061
wherein KpIs a proportionality coefficient, KrIs the fundamental resonance coefficient, KrhThe harmonic coefficient is the resonance coefficient of the h-th harmonic, h is the characteristic subharmonic of the load, and omega is the angular frequency of the power grid;
8) after the mains supply failure, if the battery is discharged all the time, the voltage u on the direct current side is enableddc<0.6udcnIf the quality of the output voltage of the UPS is poor, the output of the UPS needs to be closed to wait for the commercial power to recover to normal again.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a switching process of a high power density island interactive UPS operation mode according to an embodiment of the present invention, which specifically includes the following steps:
step 1: judging whether the commercial power is in fault, if the commercial power is normal, the UPS rectifier absorbs active power from the commercial power to charge the battery, stabilizing the voltage at the direct current side, and simultaneously controlling and outputting compensating current to improve the electric energy quality of the commercial power; the UPS inverter outputs compensation mains supply voltage fluctuation, and the quality of the power supply voltage is improved;
step 2: if the commercial power is in fault, whether the voltage of the direct current side is smaller than 0.6 time of the rated value is judged, if so, the UPS is closed, and the commercial power is waited to be recovered. If yes, entering step 3;
and step 3: the energy storage battery supplies power, and the two converters are isolated by the transformer and output in parallel to provide stable voltage for the load.

Claims (6)

1. A comprehensive control method of a high-power density sea island interactive UPS comprises a filter, a static switch, a transformer, an inverter, a rectifier, an energy storage battery pack and a controller; the filter is connected with the commercial power output end, and the static switch is connected between the filter output end and the transformer input end; the inverter and the rectifier are respectively connected with two isolated ports of the transformer, and the energy storage battery pack is connected to direct current buses of the two converters; the controller is connected with the sampling circuit and drives the inverter and the rectifier through the driving protection circuit; it is characterized by comprising:
1) detecting the output voltage u of the mainssLoad current iLInverter input current iinvAnd an output voltageuinvRectifier input current irecAnd an output voltage urecDC side voltage udc；
2) The commercial power is output to a voltage usThe synchronous phase angle theta is obtained by phase-locked loop calculationsAnd detecting whether the commercial power is in failure;
3) if the mains supply is normal, outputting the mains supply output voltage u in the control of the UPS invertersVoltage component u as alpha axisαAnd lags behind it by 90 deg. to obtain a voltage component u corresponding to the beta axisβThen obtaining a voltage component u under a rotating coordinate system through alpha beta/dq conversiond，uqAccording to the load reference voltage amplitude U* LCalculating to obtain q-axis component u of load reference voltageql；
4) Will udAnd uqlTransforming the voltage to alpha-beta coordinate to obtain the load reference output voltage
Figure FDA0002771303900000011
And then with the output voltage usSubtracting to obtain the output voltage command of the inverter, the output voltage command and the actual output voltage uinvThe difference is sent to a PI controller to obtain an inner ring reference current iinvrInner ring reference current iinvrRealizing no-static-error tracking through proportional resonance control, and comparing the output of a proportional resonance controller with a carrier to obtain a driving signal of the inverter;
5) in UPS rectifier control, load current i is adjustedLSynchronous signal sin theta with mains voltagesMultiplying, namely multiplying the product by a coefficient 2 through a low-pass filter to obtain a load active current peak value; obtaining a compensation current reference i to be compensated by the UPS by using the load active current peak valuep；
6) The voltage u on the DC side is measureddcAnd a DC voltage reference value udcnSubtracting, and enabling the obtained error signal to pass through a PI (proportional integral) controller and then to be synchronous with the grid voltage sin thetasMultiplication, superimposed on the compensation current reference ipFinally, obtaining the input current reference value i of the UPS rectifierrecr2；
7) Input UPS rectifierCurrent reference value irecr2And the input current i of the rectifierrecMaking a difference, obtaining a rectifier modulation wave through a proportional resonance and harmonic compensation controller, and comparing the rectifier modulation wave with a carrier to obtain a rectifier driving signal;
8) if the commercial power is in failure, the static switch is switched off, and the load reference voltage amplitude U is obtained* LAnd the synchronous phase angle thetasSynthesizing and calculating to obtain an output voltage command u shared by the inverter and the rectifier* L；
9) In UPS inverter control, u is set* LAnd the actual output voltage u of the inverterinvThe difference is sent to a PI controller to obtain an inner ring reference current iinvrInner ring reference current iinvrObtaining an inverter driving signal after proportional resonance control and comparison with a carrier;
10) in UPS rectifier control, the rectifier is switched to V/F control to convert u to* LAnd the actual output voltage u of the rectifierrecThe difference is sent to a PI controller to obtain an inner loop current instruction i of the rectifierrec1And obtaining a rectifier driving signal after proportional resonance control and comparison with a carrier.
2. The integrated control method of island-in-sea interactive UPS of claim 1, wherein after the utility power failure, if the battery is discharged all the time, the DC side voltage u is applieddc<0.6udcnIf the quality of the output voltage of the UPS is poor, the output of the UPS is closed to wait for the commercial power to recover to normal again.
3. The integrated control method of high power density island interactive UPS as claimed in claim 1, wherein the voltage component u under the rotation coordinate systemd，uqThe expression of (a) is:
Figure FDA0002771303900000021
4. high work according to claim 1The comprehensive control method of the frequency density sea island interactive UPS is characterized in that a q-axis component u of a load reference voltageqlThe expression is as follows:
Figure FDA0002771303900000022
5. the integrated control method of high power density island-in-sea interactive UPS as claimed in claim 1, wherein the peak load active current is used to obtain the compensation current reference i to be compensatedpThe process comprises the following steps: calculating the direct current part of the h-th harmonic current by using the peak value of the active current of the load, filtering and extracting the direct current part, and multiplying the direct current part by the grid voltage synchronous signal sin thetasAnd 2, subtracting the load current to obtain a compensation current reference i which needs to be compensated by the UPS when the mains supply is normalp。
6. The integrated control method of high power density island interactive UPS of claim 1 wherein the transfer function of the combination of the proportional resonance and harmonic compensation controller is:
Figure FDA0002771303900000031
wherein, KpIs a proportionality coefficient, KrIs the fundamental resonance coefficient, KrhThe harmonic coefficient is the resonance coefficient of the h-th harmonic, h is the characteristic subharmonic of the load, and omega is the angular frequency of the power grid.
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