CN110138223B - Bidirectional DC/DC converter and control method thereof - Google Patents
Bidirectional DC/DC converter and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110138223B CN110138223B CN201910394965.6A CN201910394965A CN110138223B CN 110138223 B CN110138223 B CN 110138223B CN 201910394965 A CN201910394965 A CN 201910394965A CN 110138223 B CN110138223 B CN 110138223B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1584—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
- H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
- H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
- H02M1/0058—Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1584—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
- H02M3/1586—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel switched with a phase shift, i.e. interleaved
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a bidirectional DC/DC converter and a control method thereof, wherein the converter comprises: the converter comprises a front-stage converter and a rear-stage converter which are connected in parallel in a staggered mode, wherein the front-stage converter operates in a staggered fixed frequency mode, and the rear-stage converter operates in a staggered voltage and current double closed loop mode. The method comprises the following steps: when the converter runs in a forward direction or a reverse direction, controlling a rear-stage converter to generate a current command through a voltage outer ring, then comparing the detected inductive current with the current command, and adjusting the duty ratios of a plurality of converters in the rear-stage converter to enable the currents of the plurality of converters to be the same; thereby making the output/input voltages of the plurality of converters in the preceding stage converter different. The bidirectional DC/DC converter and the control method thereof not only can play the advantages of low soft switching loss of the LLC converter and small ripple of the output current of the interleaved parallel converter, but also can avoid the problem of uneven current caused by inconsistent parameters when the LLC converters are connected in parallel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to a bidirectional DC/DC converter and a control method thereof.
Background
The LLC resonant converter is a resonant circuit which realizes constant output voltage or output current by controlling switching frequency, and has the advantages of effectively reducing the switching loss of a switching tube through a soft switching technology and improving the efficiency and the power density of the converter. However, the LLC resonant converter output has no inductive filtering, resulting in large current ripple and affecting capacitor life, so in high-power situations, the LLC needs to be used in parallel in a staggered manner.
Compared with the traditional PWM converter, the current sharing of the duty ratio can be adjusted, the LLC converter can not share the current by adjusting the frequency, otherwise, the frequency of each phase of the LLC converter is different, and the effect of reducing the current ripple by means of parallel connection and interleaving is lost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a bidirectional DC/DC converter and a control method thereof aiming at the problems in the prior art, and the bidirectional DC/DC converter adopts a cascade and parallel staggered structure of two-stage DC/DC converters, so that the advantages of low soft switching loss of an LLC converter and small output current ripple of the staggered parallel converter can be exerted, and the problem of uneven current caused by inconsistent parameters when the LLC converters are connected in parallel can be avoided.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the present invention provides a bidirectional DC/DC converter, comprising: the system comprises a preceding-stage converter and a subsequent-stage converter, wherein the preceding-stage converter and the subsequent-stage converter are in a staggered parallel structure; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the former converter operates in a staggered fixed frequency mode, and the latter converter operates in a staggered voltage and current double closed loop mode;
in forward operation, the rear-stage converter is used for generating a current instruction through a voltage outer ring, then comparing the detected inductive current with the current instruction, and enabling the currents of a plurality of converters in the rear-stage converter to be the same by adjusting the duty ratios of the plurality of converters; so that the output voltages of a plurality of converters in the preceding converter are different;
when the converter runs in the reverse direction, the rear-stage converter is used for generating a current command through a voltage outer ring, then comparing the detected inductive current with the current command, and enabling the currents of a plurality of converters in the rear-stage converter to be the same by adjusting the duty ratios of the plurality of converters; and further, the input voltages of a plurality of converters in the pre-converter are different.
Preferably, the pre-converter is an LLC converter;
the post converter is a Buck/Boost converter.
The present invention also provides a control method of a bidirectional DC/DC converter, which includes:
s11: when the converter runs in the forward direction, the rear-stage converter is controlled to generate a current command through a voltage outer ring, then the detected inductive current is compared with the current command, and the duty ratios of a plurality of converters in the rear-stage converter are adjusted to enable the currents of the plurality of converters to be the same; further, the output voltages of a plurality of converters in the preceding converter are different;
s12: when the inverter runs in the reverse direction, the rear-stage converter is controlled to generate a current command through a voltage outer ring, then the detected inductive current is compared with the current command, and the duty ratios of a plurality of converters in the rear-stage converter are adjusted to enable the currents of the plurality of converters to be the same; further, the input voltages of a plurality of converters in the preceding converter are different;
the S11 and the S12 are not in sequence.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) according to the bidirectional DC/DC converter and the control method thereof, the LLC converter is used, and the advantage of low soft switching loss of the LLC converter can be played; in addition, the staggered parallel structure of the pre-stage converter and the post-stage converter is used, so that the wavelength of the output current of the staggered parallel converter can be played; the Buck/Boost converter is used for adjusting the output or input voltage of the LLC converter, so that the problem of current unevenness caused by inconsistent parameters when the LLC converters are connected in parallel is solved;
(2) the bidirectional DC/DC converter and the control method thereof of the invention change the power of the converter from the power of a single converter to the sum of the powers of all the converters by the structure that a plurality of converters run in parallel, thereby effectively expanding the power of the converter.
Of course, it is not necessary for any product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described advantages at the same time.
Drawings
Embodiments of the invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a topology diagram of a DC/DC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a topology diagram of a conventional DC/DC converter;
FIG. 3 is a control diagram of a DC/DC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a current schematic of a DC/DC converter;
FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram of current non-uniformity of a conventional DC/DC converter;
fig. 6 is a waveform diagram of current balancing of the DC/DC converter according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given for the detailed implementation and specific operation of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Fig. 1 is a topology diagram of a DC/DC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the DC/DC converter of the present embodiment includes: the converter comprises a preceding converter and a following converter, wherein the preceding converter and the following converter are in an interleaved parallel structure. The control schematic diagram is shown in fig. 3, the rear-stage converter is used for generating a current command through a voltage outer ring, then comparing the detected inductive current with the current command, and enabling the currents of the plurality of converters to be the same by adjusting duty ratios of the plurality of converters in the rear-stage converter; and further the output voltage or the input voltage of a plurality of converters in the preceding converter is different. In this embodiment, the pre-stage converter is an LLC converter, and two LLC converters are used, namely, LLC1 and LLC 2; the rear-stage converter is a Buck/Boost converter, and two Buck/Boost converters are adopted, namely Buck/Boost1 and Buck/Boost 2.
When a conventional LLC resonant converter operates in the forward direction, because the resonant parameters of the phases are not consistent, the gain curve of the LLC resonant converter is biased, and because the LLC resonant converter needs to operate in parallel to reduce ripple current, the working frequencies of the LLC of the phases must be the same, which results in a smaller gain of the output of the LLC with a smaller resonant frequency relative to the LLC with a larger resonant frequency. A conventional parallel LLC resonant converter is shown in fig. 2. When a conventional converter operates, LLC1 has a smaller gain than LLC2 at the same frequency, assuming larger LLC1 resonance parameters, as shown by the square and diamond dots in fig. 4. In parallel operation, the input voltage and the output voltage of LLC1 and LLC2 are the same, so the gains thereof must be the same, i.e., LLC1 must reduce the resonant current to increase the self-gain to be the same as LLC2, as shown by the dashed line in fig. 4, and as shown by the current non-uniform waveform in fig. 5.
When a traditional LLC resonant converter runs reversely, because the resonant parameters of each phase of the traditional LLC resonant converter are inconsistent, the gain curve of the traditional LLC resonant converter is deviated, and because the LLC resonant converter needs to run in parallel to reduce ripple current, the working frequency of each phase of LLC must be the same, so that the output gain of the LLC with smaller resonant frequency is smaller relative to the LLC with larger resonant frequency. A conventional parallel LLC resonant converter is shown in fig. 2. When a conventional converter operates, LLC1 has a smaller gain than LLC2 at the same frequency, assuming larger LLC1 resonance parameters, as shown by the square and diamond dots in fig. 4. In parallel operation, the input voltage and the output voltage of LLC1 and LLC2 are the same, so the gains thereof must be the same, i.e., LLC1 must reduce the resonant current to increase the self-gain to be the same as LLC2, as shown by the dashed line in fig. 4, and as shown by the current non-uniform waveform in fig. 5.
When the converter of the embodiment is operated in the forward direction, although the gain curve of each phase is deviated when the resonance parameters of each phase are inconsistent, the LLC operating frequency of each phase must be the same, which results in that the LLC with a smaller resonance frequency has a smaller gain of the output relative to the LLC with a larger resonance frequency. Assuming that the LLC1 resonance parameter is larger, LLC1 has a smaller gain than LLC2 at the same frequency, as shown by the square and diamond dots in FIG. 4. When the Buck/Boost converter operates in parallel, the converter firstly outputs a current instruction through a voltage outer ring of the Buck/Boost converter, then compares the detected inductive current with the current instruction, and enables the currents of the two Buck/boosts to be the same by adjusting the duty ratio of the Buck/Boost converter. At this time, the output voltages of LLC1 and LLC2 are no longer the same, that is, the gains required by LLC1 and LLC2 are no longer the same, LLC1 and LLC2 operate at diamond and square positions, respectively, the resonant current is balanced, and the current balance waveform diagram is shown in fig. 6.
When the converter of the embodiment runs in the reverse direction, although the resonant parameters of the phases are not consistent, the gain curve of the converter is deviated, the LLC operating frequency of each phase must be the same, and thus the LLC with a smaller resonant frequency has a smaller gain of the output relative to the LLC with a larger resonant frequency. Assuming that the LLC1 resonance parameter is larger, LLC1 has a smaller gain than LLC2 at the same frequency, as shown by the square and diamond dots in FIG. 4. When the Buck/Boost converter operates in parallel, the converter firstly outputs a current instruction through a voltage outer ring of the Buck/Boost converter, then compares the detected inductive current with the current instruction, and enables the currents of the two Buck/boosts to be the same by adjusting the duty ratio of the Buck/Boost. At this time, the input voltages of LLC1 and LLC2 are no longer the same, that is, the gains required by LLC1 and LLC2 are no longer the same, LLC1 and LLC2 operate at diamond and square positions, respectively, the resonant current is balanced, and the current balance waveform diagram is shown in fig. 6.
In another embodiment, a control method applied to the DC/DC converter of the above embodiment is further provided, which includes the following steps:
s11: when the converter runs in the forward direction, the rear-stage converter is controlled to generate a current instruction through a voltage outer ring, then the detected inductive current is compared with the current instruction, and the duty ratios of two converters in the rear-stage converter are adjusted to enable the currents of the two converters to be the same; so that the output voltages of two converters in the preceding converter are different;
s12: when the converter runs in the reverse direction, the rear-stage converter is controlled to generate a current command through a voltage outer ring, then the detected inductive current is compared with the current command, and the duty ratios of two converters in the rear-stage converter are adjusted to enable the currents of the converters to be the same; so that the input voltages of two converters in the preceding converter are different;
the above S11 and S12 are not in sequence.
It should be noted that, in the above embodiments, the LLC converter and the Buck/Boost converter are both described by taking two converters as an example, in different embodiments, the LLC converter may also include more than two LLC converters, and the Buck/Boost converter may also include more than two Buck/Boost converters, and those skilled in the art may select according to actual needs and may associate specific topological diagrams thereof, which are not described herein again.
The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and not to limit the invention. Any modifications and variations within the scope of the description, which may occur to those skilled in the art, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A bi-directional DC/DC converter, comprising: the system comprises a preceding-stage converter and a subsequent-stage converter, wherein the preceding-stage converter and the subsequent-stage converter are in a staggered parallel structure; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the former converter operates in a staggered fixed frequency mode, and the latter converter operates in a staggered voltage and current double closed loop mode;
in forward operation, the rear-stage converter is used for generating a current instruction through a voltage outer ring, then comparing the detected inductive current with the current instruction, and enabling the currents of a plurality of converters in the rear-stage converter to be the same by adjusting the duty ratios of the plurality of converters; so that the output voltages of a plurality of converters in the preceding converter are different;
when the converter runs in the reverse direction, the rear-stage converter is used for generating a current command through a voltage outer ring, then comparing the detected inductive current with the current command, and enabling the currents of a plurality of converters in the rear-stage converter to be the same by adjusting the duty ratios of the plurality of converters; and further, the input voltages of a plurality of converters in the pre-converter are different.
2. A bidirectional DC/DC converter as claimed in claim 1 wherein the pre-converter is an LLC converter.
3. The bidirectional DC/DC converter of claim 1, wherein the post-stage converter is a Buck/Boost converter.
4. A control method for implementing the bidirectional DC/DC converter of claim 1, comprising:
s11: when the converter runs in the forward direction, the rear-stage converter is controlled to generate a current command through a voltage outer ring, then the detected inductive current is compared with the current command, and the duty ratios of a plurality of converters in the rear-stage converter are adjusted to enable the currents of the plurality of converters to be the same; further, the output voltages of a plurality of converters in the preceding converter are different;
s12: when the inverter runs in the reverse direction, the rear-stage converter is controlled to generate a current command through a voltage outer ring, then the detected inductive current is compared with the current command, and the duty ratios of a plurality of converters in the rear-stage converter are adjusted to enable the currents of the plurality of converters to be the same; further, the input voltages of a plurality of converters in the preceding converter are different;
the S11 and the S12 are not in sequence.
5. A method of controlling a bidirectional DC/DC converter as claimed in claim 4, wherein said pre-converter is an LLC converter.
6. The control method of a bidirectional DC/DC converter according to claim 4, wherein the post-stage converter is a Buck/Boost converter.
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| CN112117893B (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2021-08-13 | 西安交通大学 | Quantity configuration control method and device for improving efficiency of two-stage multi-module converter |
| CN114157159A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-08 | 上海安世博能源科技有限公司 | DC-DC converter and control method thereof |
| CN116365886B (en) * | 2023-03-10 | 2024-04-12 | 深圳麦格米特电气股份有限公司 | Bidirectional DC/DC converter and energy storage device |
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