CN109980766B - Vibration energy collector power management circuit with hysteresis self-locking function - Google Patents
Vibration energy collector power management circuit with hysteresis self-locking function Download PDFInfo
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- CN109980766B CN109980766B CN201910256062.1A CN201910256062A CN109980766B CN 109980766 B CN109980766 B CN 109980766B CN 201910256062 A CN201910256062 A CN 201910256062A CN 109980766 B CN109980766 B CN 109980766B
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003985 ceramic capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical group [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a simple power management circuit of a vibration energy collector with a hysteresis self-locking function. The circuit mainly comprises a rectifying circuit, an energy storage capacitor, a hysteresis self-locking circuit, an electronic switch and a voltage stabilizing circuit. The rectifying circuit is connected with the energy storage capacitor, the energy storage capacitor is connected with the hysteresis self-locking circuit, the hysteresis self-locking circuit is connected with the electronic switch, the electronic switch is connected with the voltage stabilizing circuit, and the voltage stabilizing circuit is connected with the application circuit. The management circuit has a simple structure, and can realize the function of a hysteresis self-locking circuit by only using 3 MOS tubes and 4 resistors.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a power management circuit of a vibration energy collector, in particular to a power management circuit of a vibration energy collector with a hysteresis self-locking function.
Background
In recent years, the development of wireless sensor networks and micro-electromechanical systems has rapidly increased the demands of wireless sensors and portable devices, and most of wireless sensor nodes and portable devices still adopt conventional storage batteries for energy supply, and the endurance of the batteries severely limits the service life of the wireless sensor network nodes. Vibration energy collection technology can be with the continuous conversion of vibration in the application environment electric energy, effectively prolongs the node life.
The vibration energy collector is small in size, low in output power and in the range of mu W-mW, and the traditional power management circuit can not be normally started due to the problems of leakage current, starting impact current, voltage breakdown and the like. Therefore, before the management circuit is started, the connection between the collector and the subsequent circuit is disconnected, so that enough electric energy is ensured on the energy storage capacitor, and the electricity utilization requirement of the subsequent circuit for a complete working period is met. This requires an electronic switch that opens when the capacitance is not storing enough energy and closes when the energy is storing enough to power the subsequent circuit. How to determine the on-off state of the switch, a hysteresis self-locking circuit with a voltage detection function is needed to ensure that the switch is turned on at a higher voltage (enough energy storage) and turned off at a lower voltage (insufficient energy storage). Therefore, the circuit can be prevented from being switched to the off state due to current surge and voltage abrupt collapse at the moment of switching on the circuit. For this reason, many researchers use integrated operational amplifiers or elements to construct a hysteresis self-locking circuit, which is often complicated in structure, but the energy consumption of the management circuit is increased. The patent with the application number of 201610150268.2 discloses a passive wireless sensor node power circuit of an energy collector, namely a hysteresis self-locking circuit formed by an integrated operational amplifier and a MOS tube, and the structure is complex.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a power management circuit of a vibration energy collector with a hysteresis self-locking function, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a vibration energy collector power management circuit with hysteresis self-locking function is characterized in that: the vibration energy collector is electrically connected with the rectification circuit, the rectification circuit is electrically connected with the energy storage capacitor, the energy storage capacitor is electrically connected with the hysteresis self-locking circuit, the hysteresis self-locking circuit is electrically connected with the electronic switch, and the electronic switch is electrically connected with the application circuit;
the hysteresis self-locking circuit comprises a voltage dividing circuit, a pull-up resistor, a first PMOS tube and an NMOS tube, wherein the voltage dividing circuit
Consists of three resistors R1, R2 and R3 connected in series.
The technical scheme is further designed as follows: one end of R1 in the voltage dividing circuit is connected with the positive end Vc of the energy storage capacitor, the other end of R1 is connected with one end of R2, the other end of R2 is connected with one end of R3, and the other end of R3 is connected with the other end of the energy storage capacitor and grounded; the grid electrode of the NMOS tube is connected between R2 and R3, the source electrode is grounded, and the drain electrode is connected with the grid electrode of the first PMOS tube; the source electrode of the first PMOS tube is connected with the positive end Vc of the energy storage capacitor, and the drain electrode is connected between R1 and R2; one end of the pull-up resistor is connected with the drain electrode of the NMOS tube, and the other end of the pull-up resistor is connected with the positive end Vc of the energy storage capacitor.
The electronic switch is a switch PMOS tube, the grid electrode of the switch PMOS tube is connected with the drain electrode of the NMOS tube, the source electrode of the switch PMOS tube is connected with the positive end Vc of the energy storage capacitor, the input of the switch is realized, and the drain electrode of the switch PMOS tube is the output of the switch.
The on-resistance R of the switch PMOS tube DS( o n) Less than 50 omega.
The electronic switch is characterized by further comprising a voltage stabilizing circuit, wherein the input end of the voltage stabilizing circuit is connected with the output of the electronic switch, and the output end of the voltage stabilizing circuit is connected with the application circuit.
The input end and the output end of the voltage stabilizing circuit are respectively connected with an input filter capacitor and an output filter capacitor, one end of the input filter capacitor is connected with the input end of the voltage stabilizing circuit, the other end of the input filter capacitor is grounded, one end of the output filter capacitor is connected with the output end of the voltage stabilizing circuit, and the other end of the output filter capacitor is grounded.
The voltage stabilizing circuit is a DC-DC conversion circuit with step-up or step-down function.
The rectification circuit is a full-wave rectification bridge consisting of four rectification diodes or Schottky diodes.
One output end of the rectifier bridge is connected with the positive end Vc of the energy storage capacitor, and the other output end of the rectifier bridge is grounded.
The energy storage capacitor is a tantalum capacitor or a ceramic capacitor.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the management circuit has a simple structure, and particularly, the hysteresis self-locking circuit and the electronic switch can realize the functions realized by the complex integrated operational amplifier and the MOS tube only by using 3 MOS tubes and 4 resistors.
2. The 4 resistors in the management circuit of the invention all adopt high-resistance resistors, so that the input impedance of the management circuit is high, the corresponding static power consumption is low, and the level of nW is only achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of the management circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a waveform diagram of an input voltage of the hysteresis self-locking circuit and an output voltage of the electronic switching circuit.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the power management circuit of the vibration energy harvester with the hysteresis self-locking function of the embodiment comprises a rectifying circuit, an energy storage capacitor, a hysteresis self-locking circuit, an electronic switch and a voltage stabilizing circuit.
The rectifying circuit is a rectifying bridge consisting of four diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4, two input ends of the rectifying bridge are respectively connected with the vibration energy collector, one output end of the rectifying bridge is connected with the positive end Vc of the energy storage capacitor, and the other output end of the rectifying bridge is grounded.
The energy storage capacitor is connected with the hysteresis self-locking circuit, the hysteresis self-locking circuit is connected with the electronic switch, the electronic switch is connected with the voltage stabilizing circuit, and the voltage stabilizing circuit is connected with the application circuit.
The hysteresis self-locking circuit comprises a voltage dividing circuit, a pull-up resistor R4, a PMOS tube Q1 and an NMOS tube Q2, wherein the vibration energy collector is connected with V+ and V-of the management circuit, and the alternating current output by the vibration energy collector is converted into direct current through the rectifying circuit, and then the energy storage capacitor C1 is charged. The voltage dividing circuit is formed by connecting three high-resistance resistors R1, R2 and R3 in series, wherein one end of R1 is connected with the positive end Vc of the energy storage capacitor, the other end of R1 is connected with one end of R2 to form a voltage dividing point V1, the other end of R2 is connected with one end of R3 to form a voltage dividing point V2, and the other end of R3 is connected with the negative end of the capacitor and grounded. The grid electrode of the NMOS tube Q2 is connected with the voltage division point V2, the source electrode is grounded, the drain electrode is connected with the grid electrode of the PMOS tube Q1 and used as the output V3 of the hysteresis self-locking circuit, and meanwhile, the gate electrode is connected with one end of the pull-up resistor R4, and the other end of the pull-up resistor R4 is connected with Vc. The grid electrode of the PMOS tube Q1 is connected with the drain electrode of the NMOS tube Q2, the source electrode is connected with Vc, and the drain electrode is connected with a voltage dividing point V1. The electronic switch is a switch PMOS tube Q3, the grid electrode of the switch PMOS tube Q is connected with the output V3 of the hysteresis self-locking circuit, the source electrode of the switch PMOS tube Q is connected with Vc through the switch input, and the drain electrode of the switch PMOS tube Q is connected with the voltage stabilizing circuit U1 through the switch output. The input end of the voltage stabilizing circuit is connected with the output of the electronic switch, and the output end of the voltage stabilizing circuit is connected with the application circuit. The input end and the output end of the voltage stabilizing circuit U1 are respectively connected with an input filter capacitor C2 and an output filter capacitor C3, one end of the input filter capacitor C2 is connected with the input end of the voltage stabilizing circuit, the other end of the input filter capacitor C2 is grounded, one end of the output filter capacitor C3 is connected with the output end of the voltage stabilizing circuit, and the other end of the output filter capacitor C3 is grounded. And finally, the voltage stabilizing circuit U1 supplies power for the subsequent application circuit.
In this embodiment, a rectifier circuit is formed by schottky diode BAT721S with a forward voltage drop of only 0.3V, which may also be a rectifier diode, an energy storage capacitor is a patch tantalum capacitor or a ceramic capacitor, R1, R2, R3, R4 are 47mΩ, 20mΩ, and 20mΩ, PMOS transistor Q1 and NMOS transistor Q2 are a MOS transistor pair of an ALD1105 integrated chip, electronic switch PMOS transistor Q3 is SI2329DS with low on-resistance, and on-resistance R DS(on) The voltage stabilizing circuit is a boost converter XC6219B332MR with low input voltage, and is used for stabilizing the voltage output by 3.3V.
The voltage stabilizing circuit is a DC-DC conversion circuit with step-up or step-down function, and the output voltage is 1.8V, 3.3V or 5.0V. The DC-DC converter type may be determined from the input threshold voltage and the output voltage.
The working principle of the management circuit of the embodiment is as follows: the rectification circuit converts alternating current of the vibration energy collector into direct current, then charges the energy storage capacitor, and the hysteresis self-locking circuit detects voltage Vc on the energy storage capacitor and controls the on and off of the electronic switch. When the electronic switch is turned on, the energy storage capacitor, the voltage stabilizing circuit and the subsequent application circuit form a passage and supply power for the electronic switch.
The hysteresis self-locking circuit controls the on and off processes of the electronic switch, and can be analyzed from two processes of charging and discharging the energy storage capacitor, as shown in fig. 2. Firstly, for the charging process, the voltage Vc gradually rises from zero when the energy storage capacitor starts to be charged from zero state cold start. Vc is divided by resistors R1, R2 and R3, and the voltage division point V2 is as follows:
at the beginning, V2 is smaller than the power-on threshold U of the NMOS transistor Q2 GS2(th) Q2 is off. At this time, the output V3 of the hysteresis self-locking circuit is about high level Vc, and the switch PMOS transistor Q3 is turned off. The input internal resistance of the hysteresis self-locking circuit is about R1+R2+R3 when the hysteresis self-locking circuit is cut off. When V2 increases to U GS2(th) When Q2 is on, its on-resistance R DS2(on) Far smaller than the pull-up resistor R4, so that the hysteresis self-locking circuit output V3 is pulled down, and the voltage V between the grid electrode and the source electrode of the PMOS tube Q1 GS About equal to-Vc, less than its turn-on voltage U GS1(th) Q1 is on. Q1 is turned on, and its source and drain on-resistance R DS1(on) Very small, it can be approximated that the two ends of R1 are shorted. In this way, the voltage at the voltage dividing point V2 suddenly increases to vc×r3/(r2+r3), Q2 further develops into a conduction region, and this positive feedback is fed back to Q1, so that the hysteresis self-locking circuit is locked in a conduction state. At this time, the low level of the output end V3 of the hysteresis self-locking circuit makes the electronic switch Q3 turned on, and the vibration energy harvester and the energy storage capacitor start to supply power to the subsequent application circuit through the electronic switch and the voltage stabilizing circuit. The input internal resistance when the hysteresis self-locking circuit is turned on is about R4// (R2+R3). The corresponding voltage on the energy storage capacitor at the conduction moment is the starting voltage threshold V of the management circuit Hth ：
Secondly, in the discharging process of the energy storage capacitor, the management circuit starts from the starting state, and the voltage Vc on the energy storage capacitor is higher than V Hth The values of (2) decrease gradually, see figure 2. Because the voltage division point V2 is Vc, R3/(R2+R3), when Vc is reduced to the threshold V Hth When V2 is still greater than U GS2(th) The NMOS transistor Q2 and the electronic switch are still in a conductive state, and the managing circuit is on. The voltage of the energy storage capacitor continuously drops, when the voltage division point V2 is lower than U GS2(th) When the MOS transistors Q2, Q1 and Q3 are all turned off, the self-locking is released, and the management circuit is turned off. The corresponding voltage on the energy storage capacitor is the cut-off voltage threshold V of the management circuit when cut-off Lth ：
The cut-off threshold voltage is smaller than the turn-on threshold voltage by a difference of U GS2(th) R1/R3, it can be seen that the circuit hasAnd a hysteresis self-locking function. Since R1-R4 are all the resistances of tens of MΩ, the input impedance of the hysteresis self-locking circuit is large, and the self-power consumption is very small.
According to the output power of the vibration energy collector, the size of the energy storage capacitor and the power consumption of the management circuit and the follow-up application circuit, the condition after the management circuit is conducted can be divided into two types. In the first case, the collector has smaller output power, and after being turned on, the management circuit and the subsequent application circuit cannot be kept continuously working, and the working voltage is as shown in fig. 2, the energy storage capacitor can be periodically charged and discharged, wherein the charging process management circuit is turned off, and the discharging process management circuit is turned on. The second condition is that the collector has larger output power, can meet the power consumption requirement of continuous operation of the management circuit and the subsequent application circuit, and the working voltage is shown in fig. 2, and the management circuit is always kept in a conducting state after being conducted, so that the energy storage capacitor has no discharging process.
The technical scheme of the invention is not limited to the embodiments, and all technical schemes obtained by adopting equivalent substitution modes fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A vibration energy collector power management circuit with hysteresis self-locking function is characterized in that: the vibration energy collector is electrically connected with the rectification circuit, the rectification circuit is electrically connected with the energy storage capacitor, the energy storage capacitor is electrically connected with the hysteresis self-locking circuit, the hysteresis self-locking circuit is electrically connected with the electronic switch, and the electronic switch is electrically connected with the application circuit;
the vibration energy collector is connected with V+ and V-of the management circuit, and the alternating current output by the vibration energy collector is converted into direct current through the rectifying circuit and charges the energy storage capacitor;
the hysteresis self-locking circuit comprises a voltage dividing circuit, a pull-up resistor, a first PMOS tube and an NMOS tube, wherein the voltage dividing circuit is formed by connecting three high-resistance resistors R1, R2 and R3 in series; one end of R1 in the voltage dividing circuit is connected with the positive end Vc of the energy storage capacitor, the other end of R1 is connected with one end of R2, the other end of R2 is connected with one end of R3, and the other end of R3 is connected with the other end of the energy storage capacitor and grounded; the grid electrode of the NMOS tube is connected between R2 and R3, the source electrode is grounded, and the drain electrode is connected with the grid electrode of the first PMOS tube; the source electrode of the first PMOS tube is connected with the positive end Vc of the energy storage capacitor, and the drain electrode is connected between R1 and R2; one end of the pull-up resistor is connected with the drain electrode of the NMOS tube, and the other end of the pull-up resistor is connected with the positive end Vc of the energy storage capacitor.
2. The vibration energy harvester power management circuit with hysteresis self-locking function of claim 1, wherein: the electronic switch is a switch PMOS tube, the grid electrode of the switch PMOS tube is connected with the drain electrode of the NMOS tube, the source electrode of the switch PMOS tube is connected with the positive end Vc of the energy storage capacitor, the input of the switch is realized, and the drain electrode of the switch PMOS tube is the output of the switch.
3. The vibration energy harvester power management circuit with hysteresis self-locking function of claim 2, wherein: the on-resistance R of the switch PMOS tube DS(on) Less than 50 omega.
4. A vibration energy harvester power management circuit with hysteresis self-locking function as in claim 3 wherein: the electronic switch is characterized by further comprising a voltage stabilizing circuit, wherein the input end of the voltage stabilizing circuit is connected with the output of the electronic switch, and the output end of the voltage stabilizing circuit is connected with the application circuit.
5. The vibration energy harvester power management circuit with hysteresis self-locking function of claim 4, wherein: the input end and the output end of the voltage stabilizing circuit are respectively connected with an input filter capacitor and an output filter capacitor, one end of the input filter capacitor is connected with the input end of the voltage stabilizing circuit, the other end of the input filter capacitor is grounded, one end of the output filter capacitor is connected with the output end of the voltage stabilizing circuit, and the other end of the output filter capacitor is grounded.
6. The vibration energy harvester power management circuit with hysteresis self-locking function of claim 5, wherein: the voltage stabilizing circuit is a DC-DC conversion circuit with step-up or step-down function.
7. The vibration energy harvester power management circuit with hysteresis self-locking function of claim 1, wherein: the rectification circuit is a full-wave rectification bridge consisting of four rectification diodes or Schottky diodes.
8. The vibration energy harvester power management circuit with hysteresis self-locking function of claim 7, wherein: one output end of the rectifier bridge is connected with the positive end Vc of the energy storage capacitor, and the other output end of the rectifier bridge is grounded.
9. The vibration energy harvester power management circuit with hysteresis self-locking function of claim 1, wherein: the energy storage capacitor is a tantalum capacitor or a ceramic capacitor.
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| CN201910256062.1A CN109980766B (en) | 2019-04-01 | 2019-04-01 | Vibration energy collector power management circuit with hysteresis self-locking function |
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2019
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