CN109925891A - A kind of carbon nanotube low-pressure membrane and preparation method thereof of small-bore high throughput - Google Patents
A kind of carbon nanotube low-pressure membrane and preparation method thereof of small-bore high throughput Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of carbon nanotube low-pressure membrane and preparation method thereof of small-bore high throughput.The a certain amount of carbon nanotube with certain outer diameter and length is dispersed in ethanol solution and obtains carbon nanotube suspension by the present invention, ultrasonic treatment is carried out to it using Ultrasonic Cell Disruptor and is allowed to the carbon nano tube dispersion liquid that dispersion forms high uniformity, one layer of stable carbon nano-tube film is formed on microfiltration membranes supporting layer using the method for pressure filtration, and carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membrane is prepared through drying and processing after directly taking off from microfiltration membranes.Membrane aperture size and flux can be regulated and controled by optimization carbon nanotube sizes and film pressure.The present invention also provides a kind of carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membranes of small-bore high throughput using the preparation of above-mentioned preparation method, and aperture is up to about 450Lm in 20~10nm, flux‑2·h‑1·bar‑1, compared with the organic ultrafiltration low-pressure membrane of traditional commerce, have the advantage that there is higher removal rate to pollutant.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the crossing domains of nano material and water treatment technology, and pore size can be optimized and lead to by being related to one kind
The preparation method of the carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membrane of amount, and the carbon of the small-bore high throughput based on the preparation of this preparation method are received
Mitron self-supporting low-pressure membrane.
Background technique
Low pressure membrane filtration technology can effectively remove particulate pollutant and pathogen microorganism in water, and with high pressure membrane filtration technology
It compares, energy consumption is relatively low, is widely used in the regeneration of Water purification and sewage in recent years.Using organic polymer
The conventional low film of polymeric material preparation, is limited by itself pore size, extremely limited to the interception capacity of organic pollutant.
Organic contamination problem caused by being adsorbed, deposited in film surface or fenestra by organic pollutant is serious, further derives and adds
The biological pollution of acute film.
Since carbon nanotube is found since 1991, with it with good mechanical property and absorption property, fabulous machine
The advantages that tool performance and thermal stability and local antibacterial and it is in widespread attention.In recent years, increasing with CNTs yield
With the quick reduction of cost, CNTs has been more and more widely used in water treatment field.
For existing carbon nanotube in the application of water treatment field, preparation and mixing including vertically aligning carbon nanotubes film are (multiple
Close) preparation of carbon nano-tube film.(compound) carbon nano-tube film is mixed, carbon nanotube is mixed with high molecular material as additive and adopted
It being prepared with phase inversion, technique is relatively easy, the disadvantage is that carbon nanotube is wrapped in organic material completely, carbon nanotube itself
Activity is difficult to be played；Vertically aligning carbon nanotubes film, hydrone can be logical among the multilayer carbon nanotube of vertical arrangement
It crosses, membrane pore size is very small, and since fluid is dynamic in frictionless flow between carbon nanotube, it is organic that flux reaches common commercial
3 times or more (Baek et al., High performance and antifouling vertically of ultrafiltration membrane
aligned carbon nanotube membrane for water purification,Journal of Membrane
Science 460(2014),171-177).But due to its preparation process complexity, operating pressure is high, using all the time by
Limitation.
Carbon nanotube self-supported membrane, also referred to as Buckie paper membrane, by the carbon nanotube mutually wound form it is a kind of most
For simple membrane structure, chip carbon nanotube self-supported membrane appearance is continuous poriferous reticular structure such as flexible paper material.Carbon
Nanotube self-supported membrane realizes that the fenestra of hydrone and the separation of other substances is by phase between carbon nanotube for retaining pollutant
What the gap being mutually wound was constituted, and its pore volume accounts for the 60~70% of its total volume, in the depth of drinking water and sewage
Process field has extensive potential using value.
Currently, discovery has been reported, the aperture of multi-walled carbon nanotube preparation after purification is handled about using through microwave technology
Carbon nanotube self-supported membrane for 40nm (pore size determination method is to be measured from SEM image using ImageJ software) contains in processing
When having the waste water of humic acid, the removal rate of humic acid can reach 93% or more, however the flux of its carbon nanotube self-supported membrane is only
For 80Lm-2·h-1·bar-1。(Yang et al.,Removal of natural organic matter in water
using functionalised carbon nanotube buckypaper,Carbon 59(2013),160-166)。
Rashid's et al. studies have shown that use biopolymer to the aperture of the modified preparation of multi-walled carbon nanotube non-covalent bond for 23
The carbon nanotube self-supported membrane of ± 3nm has all reached 95% removal rate to a variety of organic micro-pollutants, however its membrane flux
It is also only 22 ± 4Lm-2·h-1·bar-1, belong to the scope of nanofiltration membrane.(Rashid et al.,Nanofiltration
applications of tough MWNT buckypaper membranes containing biopolymers,
Journal of Membrane Science 59(2017),23-34).Therefore, it is necessary to provide a kind of easy to operate, cost
The preparation method of lower carbon nanotube self-supported membrane, prepare can be used as low pressure ultrafiltration film be widely used in drinking water and
The carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membrane of the small-bore high throughput in the advanced treating field of sewage.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of method for preparing carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membrane, this method prepares carbon
While nanotube low-pressure membrane, small-bore height can be prepared by optimizing the outer diameter of carbon nanotube, optimizing film pressure
The carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membrane of flux.
The preparation method of the carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membrane of small-bore high throughput of the present invention, comprising the following steps:
1) it the preparation of carbon nano tube dispersion liquid: weighs a certain amount of carbon nanotube and is added in dispersing agent, ultrasonic treatment is allowed to
High degree of dispersion forms dispersion liquid；
2) above-mentioned steps 1 preparation of carbon nano-tube film: will be passed through) carbon nano tube dispersion liquid that is prepared is full-automatic empty
Under the constant pressure driving that gas source provides, by dead end film filter, carbon nanotube and dispersing agent are separated using microfiltration membranes,
Then it is filtered cleaning with ultrapure water, obtains being covered on the carbon nano-tube film in microfiltration membranes.
3) above-mentioned steps 2 will be passed through) carbon nanotube layer that is prepared directly takes off from microfiltration membranes, is placed in baking oven
Drying, is finally prepared with some strength and carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membrane flexible.
The quality of carbon nanotube is calculated according to membrane area, and ratio is 5~10mg/cm2, it is pure that dispersing agent selection reaches chemistry
Ethanol solution, mass percent concentration 95%, additional amount is according to the quality of carbon nanotube and the ratio of volumes of aqueous ethanol
For 1mg:3ml calculating.Ultrasonic treatment uses Ultrasonic Cell Disruptor, and ultrasonic power is 300~500W, and ultrasonic time is 15~20min,
Ultrasound environments are ice bath.
The microfiltration membranes used are polytetrafluoroethylene film, PA membrane, mix cellulose ester membrane or polyvinylidene fluoride film, micro-filtration
The pore size of film is 0.2~1 μm.Drying time be 12~for 24 hours.
It, can be by the outer diameter and type of optimization carbon nanotube, certainly to the carbon nanotube being prepared in the present invention
The pore size of support low-pressure membrane is regulated and controled, and modification scope is 70nm~10nm.The carbon nanotube for selecting small outer diameter, can
The carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membrane of small-bore is prepared, aperture control range is 70~20nm；Select single
Pipe, can be prepared the carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membrane of 20~10nm of pore diameter range.
In the present invention, the flux of the carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membrane of preparation can be carried out by optimizing film pressure
Regulation, modification scope are 120~450Lm-2·h-1·bar-1.Film pressure is in 0.05MPa~0.2MPa model in preparation process
Interior increase is enclosed, the flux for the carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membrane being prepared can be increased.
The preparation method of high throughput carbon nanotube low-pressure membrane in small-bore provided by the invention have it is following the utility model has the advantages that
The preparation process of carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membrane of the present invention is simple, and cost is relatively low.The carbon nanotube being prepared
Self-supporting low-pressure membrane have aperture is small, membrane flux is high, operating pressure it is low (in membrane filtration water treatment procedure operating pressure be 0.5~
1Bar, operating pressure is in 1~2Bar hereinafter referred to as low-pressure membrane) the characteristics of, it is with a wide range of applications in water treatment field.
The pore size of the carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membrane of the method for the present invention preparation can be by the outer of carbon nanotube
The method that diameter size and type optimize is regulated and controled, to meet processing different quality pollutant to the difference of membrane aperture size
Demand.
The flux of the carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membrane of the method for the present invention preparation can be mentioned by optimizing film pressure
It rises, increases film pressure, the flux of the carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membrane of preparation can be increased.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membrane film pictorial diagram in the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 2 a is the carbon nanotube self-supporting prepared in the embodiment of the present invention 1 with the multi-walled carbon nanotube of 30-50nm outer diameter
The surface SEM of low-pressure membrane schemes；
Fig. 2 b is the carbon nanotube self-supporting prepared in the embodiment of the present invention 1 with the multi-walled carbon nanotube of 10-20nm outer diameter
The surface SEM of low-pressure membrane schemes；
Fig. 2 c is the carbon nanotube self-supporting prepared in the embodiment of the present invention 1 with the multi-walled carbon nanotube less than 8nm outer diameter
The surface SEM of low-pressure membrane schemes；
Fig. 2 d is the carbon nanotube self-supporting prepared in the embodiment of the present invention 1 with the single-walled carbon nanotube less than 8nm outer diameter
The surface SEM of low-pressure membrane schemes；
Fig. 3 is the pore size figure of carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membrane in the embodiment of the present invention 1.Wherein A is by 30-50nm
It is prepared by the multi-walled carbon nanotube of outer diameter；B is to be prepared by the multi-walled carbon nanotube of 10-20nm outer diameter；C is by being less than 8nm outer diameter
Multi-walled carbon nanotube preparation；D is to be prepared by being less than the single-walled carbon nanotube of 8nm outer diameter.
Fig. 4 is to be prepared under different film pressures in the embodiment of the present invention 2 by the single-walled carbon nanotube for being less than 8nm outer diameter
The flux of carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membrane-filter pressure relational graph.Wherein A is film pressure 0.05MPa；B is film pressure
0.10MPa；C is film pressure 0.15MPa；D is film pressure 0.20MPa.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to specific examples.
Embodiment 1
The preparation of carbon nano tube dispersion liquid: multi-walled carbon nanotube, the 10-20nm of the 30-50nm outer diameter of 100mg are weighed respectively
The multi-walled carbon nanotube of outer diameter, the multi-walled carbon nanotube less than 8nm outer diameter and the single-walled carbon nanotube less than 8nm outer diameter are added
The alcohol solvent of 95% concentration (w/w) of 300ml, using Ultrasonic Cell Disruptor, the ultrasound 15min under the ultrasonic power of 500W surpasses
Acoustic environment is ice bath, and the uniform carbon nano tube dispersion liquid of interspersed high is prepared.
The preparation of carbon nano-tube film: the carbon nano tube dispersion liquid being prepared is provided in full-automatic air source
Under the constant film pressure driving of 0.05MPa, pass through dead end membrane-filtering unit, the polyvinylidene fluoride microporous filtering for being 0.45 μm using aperture
Film separates carbon nanotube and dispersing agent, then with the filtering cleaning of 300ml ultrapure water, obtains being covered on polyvinylidene fluoride microporous filtering film
On carbon nano-tube film.
The carbon nanotube layer being covered on polyvinylidene fluoride microporous filtering film is directly taken off, is placed in 80 DEG C of baking oven and dries
For 24 hours, four kinds of carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membranes are prepared.
Refering to fig. 1 as can be seen that the carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membrane of the method for the present invention preparation can to carry out serpentine curved
Folding, shows its stable structure, has preferable flexibility.
Fig. 2 is in embodiment 1 respectively by the multi-walled carbon nanotube of 30-50nm outer diameter, the multi-wall carbon nano-tube of 10-20nm outer diameter
Pipe, the multi-walled carbon nanotube less than 8nm outer diameter and the preparation-obtained carbon nanotube of single-walled carbon nanotube less than 8nm outer diameter are certainly
The surface SEM of support membrane schemes.From figure 2 it can be seen that carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membrane has porous Specific surface area,
With the reduction of multi-walled carbon nanotube outer diameter, Specific surface area becomes finer and close；It is prepared by single-walled carbon nanotube
The Specific surface area of obtained carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membrane is most fine and close.
It is analyzed using surface SEM image of the ImageJ software to carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membrane, available carbon
The relative aperture size of nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membrane.
From figure 3, it can be seen that the aperture for four kinds of carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membranes being prepared in example 1 is respectively
66.34nm, 41.38nm, 32.18nm and 17.23nm.Illustrating can be right by the outer diameter and type of optimization carbon nanotube
The pore size for the carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membrane being prepared is regulated and controled.The carbon nanotube for selecting small outer diameter, can
The carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membrane of small-bore is prepared；Single-walled carbon nanotube is selected, it is smaller aperture can be prepared
Carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membrane.
Embodiment 2
The preparation of carbon nano tube dispersion liquid: weighing the single-walled carbon nanotube less than 8nm outer diameter of four parts of 100mg, is added
The alcohol solvent of 95% concentration (w/w) of 300ml, using Ultrasonic Cell Disruptor, the ultrasound 15min under the ultrasonic power of 500W surpasses
Acoustic environment is ice bath, and the uniform carbon nano tube dispersion liquid of interspersed high is prepared.
The preparation of carbon nano-tube film: point that be prepared four parts of carbon nano tube dispersion liquids are provided in full-automatic air source
Not Wei 0.05MPa, 0.10MPa, 0.15MPa and 0.20MPa constant film pressure driving under, pass through dead end membrane-filtering unit, benefit
Carbon nanotube and dispersing agent are separated with the polyvinylidene fluoride microporous filtering film that aperture is 0.45 μm, then filtered with 300ml ultrapure water
Cleaning, obtains being covered on the carbon nanotube layer on polyvinylidene fluoride microporous filtering film.
The carbon nanotube layer being covered on polyvinylidene fluoride microporous filtering film is directly taken off, is placed in 80 DEG C of baking oven and dries
For 24 hours, the carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membrane prepared under different driving pressure by four kinds is obtained.
Using constant pressure dead-end filtration device, the carbon nanotube being prepared using the calculating record being connected with assay balance
The quality of self-supporting low-pressure membrane penetrating fluid obtains penetrating fluid volume (watery density is defaulted as 1kg/L) after conversion, after analytical calculation
Available flux-transmembrane pressure relational graph.
Refering to Fig. 4, the carbon nanometer that is prepared under 0.05MPa, 0.10MPa, 0.15MPa and 0.20MPa film pressure
The flux of pipe self-supporting low-pressure membrane is respectively 320.4 ± 14.3Lm-2·h-1·bar-1、325.6±17.4L·m-2·h-1·
bar-1、383.8±11.36L·m-2·h-1·bar-1With 430.8 ± 16.4Lm-2·h-1·bar-1.Illustrate to be prepared
Carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membrane has high throughput, and the flux of carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membrane can be prepared by increase
Driving pressure in journey gets a promotion.
Reached by the aperture minimum that small-bore high throughput carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membrane is prepared in the above method
10~20nm, flux are up to 430.8 ± 16.4Lm-2·h-1·bar-1, operating pressure is low, belongs to the scope of low pressure ultrafiltration film.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membrane, which is characterized in that carry out as steps described below:
1) it the preparation of carbon nano tube dispersion liquid: weighs carbon nanotube and is added in dispersing agent, ultrasonic treatment is allowed to high degree of dispersion and is formed
Dispersion liquid；
2) above-mentioned steps 1 preparation of carbon nano-tube film: will be passed through) carbon nano tube dispersion liquid that is prepared is in full-automatic air source
Under the constant film pressure driving provided, film pressure is in 0.05MPa~0.2MPa；By dead end film filter, utilization is micro-
Filter membrane separates carbon nanotube and dispersing agent, is then filtered and is cleaned with ultrapure water, obtains being covered on the carbon nanotube in microfiltration membranes；
3) above-mentioned steps 2 will be passed through) carbon nano-tube film that is prepared directly takes off from microfiltration membranes, is placed in baking oven and dries
It is dry, carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membrane is finally prepared.
2. preparation method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the quality root of weighed carbon nanotube in the step 1)
It is calculated according to membrane area, ratio is 5~10mg/cm2。
3. preparation method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that it is pure to reach chemistry for dispersing agent selection in the step 1)
Ethanol solution, mass percent concentration 95%, additional amount are according to the quality of carbon nanotube and the ratio of volumes of aqueous ethanol
1mg:3ml is calculated.
4. preparation method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that ultrasonic treatment uses ultrasonication in the step 1)
Instrument, ultrasonic power are 300~500W, and ultrasonic time is 15~20min, and ultrasound environments are ice bath.
5. preparation method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that microfiltration membranes used in the step 2) are polytetrafluoroethyl-ne
Alkene film, PA membrane mix cellulose ester membrane or polyvinylidene fluoride film, and the pore size of microfiltration membranes is 0.2~1 μm.
6. preparation method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the carbon nanotube low-pressure membrane being prepared is being applied to film
Operating pressure when drainage treatment process is within the scope of 0.5~1bar.
7. preparation method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 3) drying time be 12~for 24 hours.
8. preparation method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that by optimizing the outer diameter and type of carbon nanotube,
Various outer diameter size multi-walled carbon nanotube and single-walled carbon nanotube are selected, the aperture of carbon nanotube low-pressure membrane is regulated and controled, hole
The range of diameter regulation is 70nm~10nm.
9. preparation method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in preparation process film pressure 0.05MPa~
Increase within the scope of 0.2MPa, increases the flux for the carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membrane being prepared.
10. preparation method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that carbon nanotube selects outer diameter for the list less than 8nm
Wall carbon nano tube, the carbon nanotube self-supporting low-pressure membrane that film pressure selects film pressure to be prepared for 0.2MPa, have compared with
Small-bore and high-throughput advantage, aperture are 20nm~10nm, and flux is up to 430.8 ± 16.4Lm-2·h-1·bar-1。
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| CN113104839A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-07-13 | 北京工业大学 | Modified multi-walled carbon nanotube, low-pressure membrane thereof, preparation method and application |
| CN114057184A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2022-02-18 | 北京大学 | Density regulating method and preparation device of self-supporting carbon nanotube film target |
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| CN113104839A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-07-13 | 北京工业大学 | Modified multi-walled carbon nanotube, low-pressure membrane thereof, preparation method and application |
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