CN109839059A - A kind of ship rotary axis phase angle measurement device and method - Google Patents
A kind of ship rotary axis phase angle measurement device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109839059A CN109839059A CN201910104675.3A CN201910104675A CN109839059A CN 109839059 A CN109839059 A CN 109839059A CN 201910104675 A CN201910104675 A CN 201910104675A CN 109839059 A CN109839059 A CN 109839059A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of ship rotary axis phase angle measurement device and methods, the device includes magnetic grid item, magnetic reading head A, magnetic reading head B, optoelectronic switch, reflecting piece, sensing decoupling circuit, signal acquisition unit, phase angle computing unit, magnetic grid item is looped around ship shaft surface to be measured, forms the annulus coaxial with shaft；Magnetic reading head A, magnetic reading head B are symmetricly set on above magnetic grid item, and actual induction is tangent with magnetic grid annulus facing towards magnetic grid item, and long side direction should be identical as the direction of rotation of magnetic grid item, and the magnetic grid pulse signal of the two output has phase difference；Reflecting piece is arranged on the anchor ring adjacent with magnetic grid item；Optoelectronic switch is arranged in above the anchor ring where reflecting piece；After sensing decoupling circuit carries out sensing, decoupling to two pulse signals, unified counting is carried out by acquisition unit, calculates current spindle phase angle.Apparatus of the present invention are easy for installation, good reliability, and phase angle measurement precision is high, frequency is fast, and low-speed performance is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the measurements at ship rotary axis phase angle, and in particular to a kind of ship rotary axis phase angle measurement
Device and method.
Background technique
Shafting is the important component of entire ship power system, is core of the host to power transfer between propeller
The heart, stability when running directly influence the navigation performance and navigation safety of ship.Due to being swashed by generation at host
It encourages, the influence for the moment of resistance and the factors such as thrust that bending deformation caused by shafting is self-possessed, propeller generate, shafting is being run
It can always be inevitably generated vibration in the process.When the vibration of shafting reaches a certain level, it will lead to shafting and host
Deng failure, reduce the transmission efficiency of power, or even cause host body vibration, ship hull vibration, therefore the vibration characteristics of ship
Research has a very important significance, and the phase angle of shaft is then a key parameter in Ship Vibration characteristic research.
Photoelectric encoder is the shaft phase angle measurement device being most widely used at present, the photoelectricity which will index more
Encoder is covered in axis free end to be measured, measures shaft phase angle by calculating the pulse number that photoelectric effect generates.But
The method be applied to marine shafting when, it usually needs install additional shaft coupling or carry out off-axis operation encoder could be mounted on to
It surveys on axis, complex steps.And drive shaft system is usually located at cabin bottom, and dust, greasy dirt are more, bad environments, compiles to photoelectricity
The measurement of code device can generate interference.In addition itself vibration when drive shaft system is run, causes its measurement accuracy to be difficult to be protected
Card.And limited by technological level, the scale division value of photoelectric encoder is usually lower, so that its measurement to shaft phase angle
Precision and measurement frequency are difficult to reach higher standard.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of ship rotary axis phase angle measurement device and methods.
Realize technical solution of the invention are as follows: a kind of ship rotary axis phase angle measurement device, including magnetic grid item,
Magnetic reading head A, magnetic reading head B, optoelectronic switch, reflecting piece, sensing decoupling circuit, signal acquisition unit, phase angle computing unit, it is described
Magnetic grid item is looped around ship shaft surface to be measured, and the annulus of formation and shaft to be measured are coaxial；The magnetic reading head A, magnetic reading head B setting
Symmetrical about shaft above magnetic grid item, two magnetic reading head actual inductions are tangent with magnetic grid annulus facing towards magnetic grid item, and
Its long side direction should be identical as the direction of rotation of magnetic grid item, and the magnetic grid pulse signal of output has phase difference；It is described anti-
Mating plate is arranged on the anchor ring adjacent with magnetic grid item；The optoelectronic switch is arranged in above the anchor ring where reflecting piece, uses
In continuously sending out light pulse signal, when receiving the optical signal of reflecting piece reflection every time, a zero pulse is exported；It is described
Sensing decoupling circuit is connect with magnetic reading head A, magnetic reading head B, for carrying out sensing, decoupling to two-way magnetic bar signal, after decoupling
Signal is exported into the corresponding acquisition channel of signal acquisition unit；The signal acquisition unit has the function of two-way acquisition, is used for
The magnetic bar signal of magnetic reading head A, magnetic reading head B output is acquired and is counted；The phase angle computing unit and signal acquisition list
Member connection, for generating high frequency clock signal, in conjunction with magnetic grid umber of pulse, calculates the current phase angle of shaft to be measured.
As a kind of specific embodiment, the magnetic grid item is the soft rubber magnetic being combined by Magnaglo and rubber
Item.
As a kind of specific embodiment, the magnetic reading head A is identical with magnetic reading head B specification, is AMR (anisotropy magnetoelectricity
Resistance), the magnetic resistance sensor of GMR (giant magnetoresistance) or TMR (tunneling junction magnetoresistive) type.
As a kind of specific embodiment, per inswept 1cm magnetic grid item, output is no less than by the magnetic reading head A and magnetic reading head B
100 pulses.
As a kind of specific embodiment, the optoelectronic switch is diffusing reflection formula optoelectronic switch, to the vertical of shaft surface
Distance is 15cm~25cm.
As a kind of specific embodiment, the sensing decoupling circuit to two-way magnetic grid pulse signal carry out light-coupled isolation,
Shaping, sensing, decoupling, pressure stabilizing operation.
As a kind of specific embodiment, the clock frequency that the speed calculation unit generates is at least magnetic reading head A and magnetic
Read head B exports twice of maximum pulse rate.
A kind of ship rotary axis phase angle measurement method, includes the following steps:
Step 1, in ship shaft surface wrap magnetic grid item to be measured, so that magnetic grid item is formed the annulus coaxial with shaft, in magnetic
It is symmetrically installed magnetic reading head A, magnetic reading head B above grizzly bar, two magnetic reading head actual inductions are facing towards magnetic grid item, with magnetic grid annulus phase
It cuts, and its long side direction should be identical as the direction of rotation of magnetic grid item, it is symmetrical on the same anchor ring adjacent with magnetic grid item
Reflecting piece is installed, optoelectronic switch is installed in the top of anchor ring where reflecting piece；
Step 2, optoelectronic switch continuously send out light pulse signal, often receive a reflecting piece A or reflecting piece B is reflected
Optical signal when, export a zero pulse, trigger signal acquisition unit will be counted and be reset；
The magnetic bar signal that sensing decoupling circuit exports two magnetic reading heads decouples, and combines shaft direction of rotation, will
Signal after decoupling is exported into the corresponding acquisition channel of signal acquisition unit, carries out unified acquisition and meter by signal acquisition unit
Number；
Step 3, phase angle computing unit generate high frequency clock signal and calculate working as shaft to be measured in conjunction with magnetic grid umber of pulse
Preceding phase angle.
As a kind of specific embodiment, in step 2, for signal acquisition unit when shaft rotates forward, counted number of pulses adds 1,
In shaft reversion, counted number of pulses subtracts 1.
As a kind of specific embodiment, in step 3, phase angle computing unit reaches setting in the step-by-step counting cumulative time
Phase angle is calculated when value, specific formula for calculation is as follows:
In formula, θ is shaft current phase angle, unit rad；NTFor the accumulated value of step-by-step counting in time T；N0To turn over
The umber of pulse of one circle magnetic grid triggering.
Compared with prior art, the present invention its remarkable advantage are as follows: 1) present invention intercepts corresponding length according to shaft diameter to be measured
Rubber magnetic stripe twisted rotary shaft periphery, it is convenient for installation and maintenance, installation site is required low；2) magnetic reading head of the present invention is passed using magnetic resistance
Sensor can work normally magnetic field detection high sensitivity under the adverse circumstances such as dust, greasy dirt, vibration, anti-interference it is good and at
This is lower；3) present invention can generate the magnetic grid pulse of up to 500/cm, in conjunction with high frequency time pulse, can carry out 10 times/s
Above high-frequency, high-precision Transient Rotate Speed Measuring.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of phase angle measurement device of the present invention.Wherein (a) is device Facad structure figure, is (b) dress
Inverse layer structure figure is set, (c) is device construction profile.
Fig. 2 is the schematic view of the mounting position of phase angle measurement device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of sensing decoupling circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of phase angle measurement method of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention program is further illustrated.
As shown in Figure 1, ship rotary axis phase angle measurement device of the present invention, including magnetic grid item, magnetic reading head A, magnetic reading head
B, optoelectronic switch, reflecting piece, sensing decoupling circuit, signal acquisition unit, phase angle computing unit, the magnetic grid item are looped around ship
Oceangoing ship shaft surface to be measured, the annulus of formation and shaft to be measured are coaxial；The magnetic reading head A, magnetic reading head B are arranged above magnetic grid item,
Symmetrical about shaft, two magnetic reading head actual inductions are tangent with magnetic grid annulus facing towards magnetic grid item, and its long side direction
Should be identical as the direction of rotation of magnetic grid item, the magnetic grid pulse signal of output have phase difference (phase difference cannot for 0 ° or
180°)；The reflecting piece is arranged on the anchor ring adjacent with magnetic grid item；The circle where reflecting piece is arranged in the optoelectronic switch
Above anchor ring, for continuously sending out light pulse signal, when receiving the optical signal of reflecting piece reflection every time, one zero is exported
Digit pulse；The sensing decoupling circuit is connect with magnetic reading head A, magnetic reading head B, for carrying out sensing reconciliation to two-way magnetic bar signal
Coupling, and exported the signal after decoupling into the corresponding acquisition channel of signal acquisition unit according to shaft direction of rotation；The letter
Number acquisition unit has the function of two-way acquisition, and the magnetic bar signal for exporting to magnetic reading head A, magnetic reading head B is acquired and counts；
The phase angle computing unit is connect with signal acquisition unit, for generating high frequency clock signal, in conjunction with magnetic grid umber of pulse, is calculated
The current phase angle of shaft to be measured.
The leakage magnetic field for the magnetic grid item that the present invention is pasted onto shaft using magnetic reading head induction, to generate highdensity etc.
Displacement interval pulse train uses optoelectronic switch and reflecting piece as the datum mark (zero point) of phase angle measurement, and utilizes a pair
Same specification magnetic reading head exports dephased magnetic grid pulse signal, by sensing decoupling circuit to the sensing of two pulse signals,
After decoupling, this is read to signal by the acquisition unit comprising high-speed counter and carries out step-by-step counting, can calculate and work as forward
Axis phase angle.
As shown in Fig. 2, Transient Rotate Speed Measuring device measuring device of the present invention may be mounted at the rotation of marine transmission systems
In shafting (including high speed shaft, slow-speed shaft).Since rubber material is easily bent, in some embodiments, the magnetic grid item use by
The soft rubber magnetic stripe that the Magnaglos such as ferrite and rubber are combined, can be with supplementary protection steel band.When installation, according to axis
Diameter intercepts different length, and being glued by AB glue, which surround it, is fitted in the shaft to be measured of ship, it is desirable that the seam crossing of magnetic grid item connects
Connect carefully and neatly done, no protrusion.
In some embodiments, magnetic reading head A described in the magnetic reading head is identical with magnetic reading head B specification, can be using with Gao Xiang
Answer AMR (anisotropic magnetoresistance), the GMR (giant magnetoresistance) of frequency or the magneto-resistor sensing of TMR (tunneling junction magnetoresistive) type
Device, can exhaustive read high frequency magnetic grid pulse signal, precise measurement Weak magentic-field.
In view of the validity that revolving speed is read, some embodiments, by the actual induction face of magnetic reading head to the vertical of magnetic grid item
Distance is 2mm~3mm.In view of the efficiency of tachometric survey, some embodiments, when magnetic reading head is per inswept 1cm magnetic grid, output is not
Less than 100 pulses.
In some embodiments, the optoelectronic switch uses diffusing reflection formula optoelectronic switch, need to control at a distance from shaft and is
Reflecting piece A and reflecting piece B can be incuded, but non-inductive to shaft itself.In some embodiments, optoelectronic switch is set to shaft table
The vertical range in face is 15cm~25cm.
In some embodiments, the sensing decoupling circuit be used for two-way magnetic grid pulse signal carry out light-coupled isolation, shaping,
Sensing, decoupling, pressure stabilizing operation, and this exports signal respectively to two independent acquisition channels of signal acquisition unit.As
A kind of specific implementation, as shown in figure 3, the sensing decoupling circuit includes RS232 connector, two 6N137 chips, 74HC14 core
Piece, 74HC74D chip, magnetic reading head A, magnetic reading head B output two-way magnetic grid pulse signal pass through respectively RS232 connector pin 2,
Pin 3 enters sensing decoupling circuit, and the pin 2 for inputting two 6N137 chips carries out light-coupled isolation, and signal is by 6N137 after isolation
Chip pin 6 exports, and inputs 74HC14 chip by 74HC14 chip pin 1, pin 3 and carries out Shape correction, by Shape correction
Signal is exported by 74HC14 chip pin 2, pin 4 afterwards, and the signal input 74HC74D chip exported by 74HC14 pin 2 draws
Foot 3, pin 13, pin 1, the pin 11 of the signal input 74HC74D exported by 74HC14 pin 4,74HC74D chip by pair
The phase difference of two-way magnetic grid pulse signal judges shaft direction of rotation, according to walking direction as a result, being distinguished by pin 5, pin 9 defeated
Rectangular wave and all the way low level all the way out.
In some embodiments, the signal acquisition unit be containing but be not limited to the acquisition lists of 8254 type high-speed counters
Member has the two paths of signals acquisition interface (IN0, IN1) to match with the signal output of magnetic reading head A, magnetic reading head B, respectively from
Magnetic reading head A, magnetic reading head B acquire signal, and export to the same counter and counted.
In further embodiments, in order to guarantee the efficiency of angle measurement, the clock that the speed calculation unit generates is frequently
Rate is at least twice of magnetic reading head output maximum pulse rate.
Based on the phase angle measurement method of above-mentioned ship rotary axis phase angle measurement device, include the following steps:
Step 1, in ship shaft surface wrap magnetic grid item to be measured, so that magnetic grid item is formed the annulus coaxial with shaft, in magnetic
It is symmetrically installed magnetic reading head A, magnetic reading head B above grizzly bar, two magnetic reading head actual inductions are facing towards magnetic grid item, with magnetic grid annulus phase
It cuts, and its long side direction should be identical as the direction of rotation of magnetic grid item, it is symmetrical on the same anchor ring adjacent with magnetic grid item
Reflecting piece is installed, optoelectronic switch is installed in the top of anchor ring where reflecting piece；
Step 2, optoelectronic switch continuously send out light pulse signal, often receive a reflecting piece A or reflecting piece B is reflected
Optical signal when, export a zero pulse, trigger signal acquisition unit will be counted and be reset；
The magnetic bar signal that sensing decoupling circuit exports two magnetic reading heads decouples, and combines shaft direction of rotation, will
Signal after decoupling is exported into the corresponding acquisition channel of signal acquisition unit；
Signal acquisition unit carries out signal acquisition and counting, and each step-by-step counting of when rotating forward makes count value add 1, and when reversion is every
A step-by-step counting makes count value subtract 1, when signal acquisition unit is every receives a zero pulse signal transmitted by optoelectronic switch,
Current count value is reset；
Step 3, phase angle computing unit generate high frequency clock signal and calculate working as shaft to be measured in conjunction with magnetic grid umber of pulse
Preceding phase angle specifically calculates phase angle when the step-by-step counting cumulative time reaching setting value, and calculation formula is as follows:
In formula, θ is shaft current phase angle, unit rad；NTFor the accumulated value of step-by-step counting in time T；N0To turn over
The umber of pulse of one circle magnetic grid triggering.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of ship rotary axis phase angle measurement device, which is characterized in that including magnetic grid item, magnetic reading head A, magnetic reading head B, light
Electric switch, reflecting piece, sensing decoupling circuit, signal acquisition unit, phase angle computing unit, the magnetic grid item are looped around ship and wait for
Shaft surface is surveyed, the annulus of formation and shaft to be measured are coaxial；The magnetic reading head A, magnetic reading head B are arranged above magnetic grid item, about
Shaft is symmetrical, and two magnetic reading head actual inductions are tangent with magnetic grid annulus facing towards magnetic grid item, and its long side direction should be with
The direction of rotation of magnetic grid item is identical, and the magnetic grid pulse signal of output has phase difference；Reflecting piece setting with magnetic grid item
On adjacent anchor ring；The optoelectronic switch is arranged in above the anchor ring where reflecting piece, for continuously sending out light pulse letter
Number, when receiving the optical signal of reflecting piece reflection every time, export a zero pulse；The sensing decoupling circuit and magnetic are read
Head A, magnetic reading head B connection export the signal after decoupling to signal acquisition for carrying out sensing, decoupling to two-way magnetic bar signal
In the corresponding acquisition channel of unit；The signal acquisition unit has the function of two-way acquisition, for defeated to magnetic reading head A, magnetic reading head B
Magnetic bar signal out is acquired and counts；The phase angle computing unit is connect with signal acquisition unit, for generating high frequency
Clock signal calculates the current phase angle of shaft to be measured in conjunction with magnetic grid umber of pulse.
2. ship rotary axis phase angle measurement device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the magnetic grid item is served as reasons
The soft rubber magnetic stripe that Magnaglo and rubber are combined.
3. ship rotary axis phase angle measurement device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the magnetic reading head A and
Magnetic reading head B specification is identical, is the magnetic resistance sensor of AMR, GMR or TMR type.
4. ship rotary axis phase angle measurement device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the magnetic reading head A and
For magnetic reading head B per inswept 1cm magnetic grid item, output is no less than 100 pulses.
5. ship rotary axis phase angle measurement device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the optoelectronic switch is
Diffusing reflection formula optoelectronic switch, the vertical range to shaft surface are 15cm~25cm.
6. ship rotary axis phase angle measurement device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the sensing decoupling electricity
Road includes RS232 connector, two 6N137 chips, 74HC14 chip, 74HC74D chip, and the two of magnetic reading head A, magnetic reading head B output
Road magnetic grid pulse signal passes through the pin 2 of RS232 connector respectively, pin 3 enters sensing decoupling circuit, inputs two 6N137 cores
The pin 2 of piece carries out light-coupled isolation, and signal is exported by 6N137 chip pin 6 after isolation, by 74HC14 chip pin 1, pin 3
It inputting 74HC14 chip and carries out Shape correction, signal is exported by 74HC14 chip pin 2, pin 4 after Shape correction, by
Pin 3, the pin 13 for the signal input 74HC74D chip that 74HC14 pin 2 exports, the signal exported by 74HC14 pin 4 are defeated
Enter pin 1, the pin 11 of 74HC74D, 74HC74D chip judges that shaft rotates by the phase difference to two-way magnetic grid pulse signal
Direction, according to walking direction as a result, exporting rectangular wave all the way and all the way low level respectively by pin 5, pin 9.
7. ship rotary axis phase angle measurement device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the revolving speed calculates single
The clock frequency that member generates is at least twice of magnetic reading head A and magnetic reading head B output maximum pulse rate.
8. a kind of ship rotary axis phase angle measurement method, which comprises the steps of:
Step 1, in ship shaft surface wrap magnetic grid item to be measured, so that magnetic grid item is formed the annulus coaxial with shaft, in magnetic grid item
Top is symmetrically installed magnetic reading head A, magnetic reading head B, and two magnetic reading head actual inductions are tangent with magnetic grid annulus facing towards magnetic grid item,
And its long side direction should be identical as the direction of rotation of magnetic grid item, is symmetrically installed on the same anchor ring adjacent with magnetic grid item
Reflecting piece, optoelectronic switch is installed in the top of anchor ring where reflecting piece；
Step 2, optoelectronic switch continuously send out light pulse signal, often receive a reflecting piece A or the reflected light of reflecting piece B
When signal, a zero pulse is exported, trigger signal acquisition unit will be counted and be reset；
The magnetic bar signal that sensing decoupling circuit exports two magnetic reading heads decouples, and combines shaft direction of rotation, will decouple
Signal afterwards is exported into the corresponding acquisition channel of signal acquisition unit, carries out unified acquisition and counting by signal acquisition unit；
Step 3, phase angle computing unit generate high frequency clock signal and calculate the current phase of shaft to be measured in conjunction with magnetic grid umber of pulse
Parallactic angle.
9. ship rotary axis phase angle measurement method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that in step 2, signal is adopted
Collect unit when shaft rotates forward, counted number of pulses adds 1, and in shaft reversion, counted number of pulses subtracts 1.
10. ship rotary axis phase angle measurement method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that in step 3, phase
Angle computing unit calculates phase angle when the step-by-step counting cumulative time reaching setting value, and specific formula for calculation is as follows:
In formula, θ is shaft current phase angle, unit rad；NTFor the accumulated value of step-by-step counting in time T；N0To turn over a circle
The umber of pulse of magnetic grid triggering.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910104675.3A CN109839059A (en) | 2019-02-01 | 2019-02-01 | A kind of ship rotary axis phase angle measurement device and method |
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| CN201910104675.3A CN109839059A (en) | 2019-02-01 | 2019-02-01 | A kind of ship rotary axis phase angle measurement device and method |
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| CN111780656A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2020-10-16 | 四川航天烽火伺服控制技术有限公司 | High-speed long-stroke linear displacement sensor |
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