CN109787532B - Three-phase variable structure inverter and control method thereof - Google Patents
Three-phase variable structure inverter and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-phase variable structure inverter and a control method thereof, wherein the three-phase variable structure inverter comprises four bridge arms and four bidirectional thyristors, and an output node of a first bridge arm is connected with the positive end of an A-phase winding; the output node of the second bridge arm is connected with the negative end of the A-phase winding; the output node of the third bridge arm is connected with the positive end of the C-phase winding; the output node of the fourth bridge arm is connected with the negative end of the C-phase winding; the positive end of the B-phase winding is connected to the third bridge arm through a first bidirectional thyristor, and the negative end of the B-phase winding is connected to the second bridge arm through a second bidirectional thyristor; or the positive end of the B-phase winding is also connected to the second bridge arm through a third bidirectional thyristor, and the negative end of the B-phase winding is connected to the third bridge arm through a fourth bidirectional thyristor. The invention reduces the power loss of the motor driver under the working condition of large torque of the three-phase alternating current motor; under the high-speed working condition, the direct-current voltage utilization rate of the motor driver is improved, and the high-speed running interval of the motor is expanded.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of alternating current motors and drive control, and particularly relates to a three-phase variable structure inverter and a control method thereof.
Background
In the field of alternating current transmission, a three-phase half-bridge inverter topology is the most widely applied driver topology structure at present. The topological structure comprises three bridge arms, so that the driver is low in cost and high in power density. However, the topological structure can provide low direct current voltage utilization rate, and the back electromotive force of the motor is proportional to the speed. Under a high-speed working condition, the back electromotive force of the motor is high, and high direct-current voltage utilization rate is needed, so that the performance of the motor under the high-speed working condition is limited by the topology.
The three-phase full-bridge inversion topology has one-time utilization rate of direct-current voltage of the three-phase half-bridge inversion topology. It can be seen that the topology contains six legs, each of which is to be supplied with phase current. Therefore, the adoption of the topology can lead to the great increase of the cost and the volume of the driver, and the power loss when the motor driver works is also greatly increased. These drawbacks are the most important reason limiting the difficulty of industrial deployment of three-phase full-bridge inverter topologies.
Patent CN201810051626.3 discloses an open-winding motor driver topology and a modulation method thereof. The topology has the same direct current voltage utilization rate as a three-phase full-bridge inversion topology, and two bridge arms are reduced, so that compared with the three-phase full-bridge inversion topology, the cost and the size of the topology and the power loss during operation are both greatly reduced. However, when applied to a conventional three-phase ac motor, arm 2 and arm 3 in this topology need to circulate 1.717 times the phase current. There is still a large increase in power loss during operation of this topology compared to a three-phase half-bridge topology. And under the working condition of large torque, the motor needs a driver topology to provide large current output capacity. This drawback therefore limits the running performance of the machine in the event of high torques.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a three-phase variable structure inverter and a control method thereof, and aims to solve the problems of large power loss and low direct-current voltage utilization rate of a motor driver in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a three-phase inverter with a variable structure, comprising a first bridge arm, a second bridge arm, a third bridge arm, a fourth bridge arm, a first triac T1, a second triac T2, a third triac T3 and a fourth triac T4;
the upper node of each bridge arm is connected with the direct current bus voltage, and the lower node is connected with a power ground;
the output node of the first bridge arm is connected with the positive end of the A-phase winding; the output node of the second bridge arm is connected with the negative end of the A-phase winding;
the output node of the third bridge arm is connected with the positive end of the C-phase winding; the output node of the fourth bridge arm is connected with the negative end of the C-phase winding;
the first bidirectional thyristor is connected between the output node of the third bridge arm and the positive end of the B-phase winding;
the second bidirectional thyristor is connected between the output node of the second bridge arm and the negative end of the B-phase winding;
the third bidirectional thyristor is connected between the output node of the second bridge arm and the positive end of the B-phase winding;
the fourth bidirectional thyristor is connected between the output node of the third bridge arm and the negative end of the B-phase winding;
the first bidirectional thyristor and the second bidirectional thyristor are used for reversely connecting the B-phase winding into the inverter, and the rotating speed of the motor rotor is reduced by changing the phase voltage of the inverter, so that the first mode operation of the motor is realized;
the third bidirectional thyristor and the fourth bidirectional thyristor are used for enabling the B-phase winding to be connected into the inverter in a forward direction, and the rotating speed of a motor rotor is increased by changing the phase voltage of the inverter, so that the second mode operation of the motor is realized;
the first bidirectional thyristor and the second bidirectional thyristor are conducted in a first mode of the motor and are turned off in a second mode;
the third bidirectional thyristor and the fourth bidirectional thyristor are conducted in a second mode of the motor and are turned off in a first mode;
the first bridge arm, the second bridge arm, the third bridge arm and the fourth bridge arm are used for controlling phase voltage and phase current of the motor.
Preferably, each bridge arm comprises an upper bridge arm power switch device and a lower bridge arm power switch device, and a lower node of the upper bridge arm power switch device is connected with an upper node of the lower bridge arm power switch device and used as an output node of the bridge arm for controlling phase voltage and phase current of the motor; the power switch device is a current full-control switch and comprises an MOSFET and an IGBT with an anti-parallel diode.
On the other hand, based on the above three-phase variable structure inverter, the present invention provides a control method of a three-phase variable structure inverter, including:
(1) when the target working mode of the inverter is inconsistent with the actual working mode, the driving signals on the two bidirectional thyristors conducted in the actual working mode are simultaneously removed, so that the two corresponding bidirectional thyristors are turned off in a zero-crossing manner;
(2) and simultaneously applying a driving signal to the two corresponding bidirectional thyristors in the target working mode for conduction, and switching the voltage modulation mode to enable the inverter to operate in the target working mode.
The switching between the actual working mode and the target working mode comprises switching from a first mode to a second mode and switching from the second mode to the first mode.
Through the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) compared with a three-phase half-bridge topology, the three-phase variable structure inverter provided by the invention can expand the rotating speed range by one time under the condition of no weak magnetism, and has all current control freedom and better fault-tolerant performance.
(2) The mode switching of the three-phase variable structure inverter provided by the invention only changes the connection mode of the B-phase winding, and the corresponding control method utilizes the B-phase zero crossing point to carry out mode switching, so that the switching process is short and rapid, and the rotating speed and the torque of a motor are not influenced in the switching process, thereby avoiding the influence on users.
(3) When the three-phase-change inverter is adopted to drive the traditional alternating current motor, the cost, the volume and the power loss of the motor driver are similar to those of a three-phase half-bridge topology, but the performance of the driver is far better than that of the three-phase half-bridge topology structure, and the three-phase-change inverter has industrial application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-phase symmetrical AC current for a three-phase AC motor;
FIG. 2 is a three-phase inverter structure with variable structure in low speed mode according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a three phase change structure inverter configuration in a high speed mode provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of motor speed torque relationship when a three-phase half-bridge topology is employed;
fig. 5 is a motor rotational speed torque relationship diagram when the three-phase variable structure inverter provided by the invention is adopted.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention provides a three-phase variable-structure inverter which comprises a first bridge arm, a second bridge arm, a third bridge arm, a fourth bridge arm, a first bidirectional thyristor T1, a second bidirectional thyristor T2, a third bidirectional thyristor T3 and a fourth bidirectional thyristor T4, wherein the first bridge arm, the second bridge arm, the third bridge arm, the fourth bridge arm, the first bidirectional thyristor T1, the second bidirectional thyristor T2, the third bidirectional thyristor T3 and the;
the upper node of each bridge arm is connected with the direct current bus voltage, and the lower node is connected with a power ground;
the output node of the first bridge arm is connected with the positive end of the A-phase winding; the output node of the second bridge arm is connected with the negative end of the A-phase winding;
the output node of the third bridge arm is connected with the positive end of the C-phase winding; the output node of the fourth bridge arm is connected with the negative end of the C-phase winding;
the first bidirectional thyristor is connected between the output node of the third bridge arm and the positive end of the B-phase winding;
the second bidirectional thyristor is connected between the output node of the second bridge arm and the negative end of the B-phase winding;
the third bidirectional thyristor is connected between the output node of the second bridge arm and the positive end of the B-phase winding;
the fourth bidirectional thyristor is connected between the output node of the third bridge arm and the negative end of the B-phase winding;
the first bidirectional thyristor and the second bidirectional thyristor are used for reversely connecting the B-phase winding into the inverter, and the rotating speed of the motor rotor is reduced by changing the phase voltage of the inverter, so that the first mode operation of the motor is realized;
the third bidirectional thyristor and the fourth bidirectional thyristor are used for enabling the B-phase winding to be connected into the inverter in a forward direction, and the rotating speed of a motor rotor is increased by changing the phase voltage of the inverter, so that the second mode operation of the motor is realized;
the first bidirectional thyristor and the second bidirectional thyristor are conducted in a first mode of the motor and are turned off in a second mode;
the third bidirectional thyristor and the fourth bidirectional thyristor are conducted in a second mode of the motor and are turned off in a first mode;
the first bridge arm, the second bridge arm, the third bridge arm and the fourth bridge arm are used for controlling phase voltage and phase current of the motor.
Preferably, the bridge arms each include an upper bridge arm power switching device and a lower bridge arm power switching device, and a lower node of the upper bridge arm power switching device is connected with an upper node of the lower bridge arm power switching device and used for controlling phase voltage and phase current of the motor; the power switch device is a current full-control switch and comprises an MOSFET and an IGBT with an anti-parallel diode.
Preferably, since the maximum phase voltage output in the second mode is greater than the maximum phase voltage that can be output in the first mode, the rotation speed of the motor in the second mode is higher than the rotation speed in the first mode. Therefore, in the present invention, the first mode is referred to as a motor low speed mode, and the second mode is referred to as a motor high speed mode; in other words, the three-phase change structure inverter includes two modes, i.e., a motor low-speed mode and a motor high-speed mode.
Preferably, when the first bidirectional thyristor and the second bidirectional thyristor are turned on and the third bidirectional thyristor and the fourth bidirectional thyristor are turned off, the inverter structure is in a low-speed mode of the motor; when the third bidirectional thyristor and the fourth bidirectional thyristor are conducted and the first bidirectional thyristor and the second bidirectional thyristor are turned off, the inverter structure is in a high-speed mode of the motor.
Preferably, the inverter structure in the low-speed mode can provide a large current but cannot provide a high direct-current voltage utilization rate, so that the inverter structure is suitable for the motor to operate under the working condition of low speed and large torque;
the inverter structure in the high-speed mode can provide a high direct-current voltage utilization rate but cannot provide a large current, and therefore when the motor is used to operate under a high-speed working condition, the torque needs to be derated.
On the other hand, based on the above three-phase variable structure inverter, the present invention provides a control method of a three-phase variable structure inverter, including:
(1) when the target working mode of the inverter is inconsistent with the actual working mode, the driving signals on the two bidirectional thyristors conducted in the actual working mode are simultaneously removed, so that the two corresponding bidirectional thyristors are turned off in a zero-crossing manner;
(2) and simultaneously applying a driving signal to the two corresponding bidirectional thyristors in the target working mode for conduction, and switching the voltage modulation mode to enable the inverter to operate in the target working mode.
Specifically, when the inverter operates in the low-speed mode, the first triac T1 and the second triac T2 are always turned on by giving a driving signal, and the third triac T3 and the fourth triac T4 are always turned off by not giving a driving signal, at this time, the control scheme adopts a motor control method corresponding to the low-speed mode;
when the inverter works in a high-speed mode, the third triac T3 and the fourth triac T4 are always turned on by giving a driving signal, and the first triac T1 and the second triac T2 are always turned off by not giving a driving signal, at this time, the control scheme adopts a motor control method corresponding to the high-speed mode.
When switching from the low-speed mode to the high-speed mode of the three-phase variable structure inverter,
d1, removing the drive signals of the bidirectional thyristors T1 and T2, waiting for the current of the bidirectional thyristors to be naturally turned off by zero crossing, and still adopting a motor control method corresponding to a low-speed mode by the controller;
d2, detecting the phase B current, when the phase B current is equal to zero, the first bidirectional thyristor T1 and the second bidirectional thyristor T2 have been naturally turned off by zero crossing;
d3, applying a driving signal to the third triac T3 and the fourth triac T4 to conduct, and switching the control scheme to a motor control method corresponding to the high-speed mode.
At this time, the three-phase variable structure inverter is switched to the high-speed mode.
When switching from the high-speed mode to the low-speed mode from the three-phase variable structure inverter,
d1, removing the drive signals of the bidirectional thyristors T3 and T4, waiting for the current of the bidirectional thyristors to be naturally turned off by zero crossing, and still adopting a motor control method corresponding to a high-speed mode by the controller;
d2, detecting the phase B current, when the phase B current is equal to zero, the third triac T3 and the fourth triac T4 have been naturally turned off by zero crossing;
d3, applying driving signals to the first triac T1 and the second triac T2 to conduct, and switching the control scheme to a motor control method corresponding to the low-speed mode.
At this time, the three-phase variable structure inverter is switched to the low speed mode.
Fig. 1 shows three-phase symmetrical ac current waveforms of a typical three-phase ac motor, which correspond to three-phase current expressions as follows:
wherein ia，ib，icPhase currents of A phase, B phase and C phase respectively; i isacEffective value of phase current, thetaeIs an electrical angle and is related to the rotor angle.
Three-phase symmetrical alternating current causes different current stresses to bridge arm power devices in the inverter in different inverter topologies. As shown in fig. 2, according to the connection manner of the phase winding and the bridge arm in the low-speed mode, the current flowing into the bridge arm can be obtained as follows,
as can be seen from the above equation, the first arm and the fourth arm respectively pass the a-phase and C-phase currents, while the second arm passes the sum of the a-phase and B-phase currents, and the third arm passes the sum of the B-phase and C-phase currents. However, since the phase difference exists between the phase currents, the effective values of the currents flowing through the second arm and the third arm and the effective value of the phase current are the same according to the above formula, and therefore the current stresses of the arms are the same, and the magnitudes are the effective values of the phase currents. Therefore, the motor has smaller current loss during operation and can operate under the working condition of low speed and high torque. However, through analysis, the topology structure in the low-speed mode only has the same direct-current voltage utilization rate as the three-phase half-bridge topology structure, and therefore, the topology structure cannot be applied to a high-speed working condition requiring a high direct-current voltage utilization rate.
As shown in fig. 3, according to the connection manner of the phase winding and the bridge arm in the high-speed mode, the current flowing into the bridge arm can be obtained as follows:
as can be seen from the above formula, the first leg and the fourth leg respectively circulate phase a and phase C currents, while leg 2 circulates the difference between phase a and phase B currents, and leg 3 circulates the difference between phase B and phase C currents. From the above formula, it can be seen that the effective value of the current flowing through the second bridge arm and the third bridge arm is 1.717 times of the effective value of the phase current, so that the current loss of the motor operation is large, and therefore, the torque of the motor needs to be derated and output under the high-speed working condition. But compared with a three-phase half-bridge structure or a topological structure in a low-speed mode, the topological structure in the high-speed mode can output twice of direct-current voltage utilization rate, so that the high-speed running interval of the motor is expanded, and flux weakening control is reduced.
Fig. 4 and 5 are diagrams of relationship between the rotational speed and the torque of the three-phase motor under the driving of a three-phase half-bridge topology and a three-phase variable structure topology, respectively, and it can be seen that the operation interval of the three-phase motor in the low-speed mode is the same as that in the three-phase half-bridge topology, but in the three-phase variable structure topology, a high-speed mode is added, so that the rotational speed interval of the motor is doubled, and the operation capability of the motor is greatly improved.
Another important advantage of the three-phase change topology is that the switching process is smooth and fast. During the switching process, the current and the torque do not fluctuate or generate transient processes, so that the influence on a user is avoided. On one hand, the smooth switching process benefits from the fact that when the topological structure is switched, only the connection mode of switching a phase winding is used, and under the topological structure, the control of three-phase windings does not influence each other, so that the smooth switching can be carried out when the phase current in the winding flows through zero; on the other hand, it would also benefit from the use of the control characteristics of the triac. The bidirectional thyristor is controllable in turn-on and uncontrollable in turn-off, and needs to be turned off by natural zero-crossing of current when turned off, so that the driving signal of the bidirectional thyristor can be removed at any time without changing a control method, and the bidirectional thyristor can be turned off by waiting for natural zero-crossing of phase current.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A three-phase variable structure inverter is characterized by comprising a first bridge arm, a second bridge arm, a third bridge arm, a fourth bridge arm, a first bidirectional thyristor, a second bidirectional thyristor, a third bidirectional thyristor and a fourth bidirectional thyristor;
the upper node of each bridge arm is connected with the direct current bus voltage, and the lower node is connected with a power ground;
the output node of the first bridge arm is connected with the positive end of the A-phase winding; the output node of the second bridge arm is connected with the negative end of the A-phase winding;
the output node of the third bridge arm is connected with the positive end of the C-phase winding; the output node of the fourth bridge arm is connected with the negative end of the C-phase winding;
the first bidirectional thyristor is connected between the output node of the third bridge arm and the positive end of the B-phase winding;
the second bidirectional thyristor is connected between the output node of the second bridge arm and the negative end of the B-phase winding;
the third bidirectional thyristor is connected between the output node of the second bridge arm and the positive end of the B-phase winding;
the fourth bidirectional thyristor is connected between the output node of the third bridge arm and the negative end of the B-phase winding;
the first bidirectional thyristor and the second bidirectional thyristor are used for reversely connecting the B-phase winding into the inverter, and the rotating speed of the motor rotor is reduced by changing the phase voltage of the inverter, so that the first mode operation of the motor is realized;
the third bidirectional thyristor and the fourth bidirectional thyristor are used for enabling the B-phase winding to be connected into the inverter in a forward direction, and the rotating speed of a motor rotor is increased by changing the phase voltage of the inverter, so that the second mode operation of the motor is realized;
the first bidirectional thyristor and the second bidirectional thyristor are kept on in a first mode of the motor and are kept off in a second mode;
the third bidirectional thyristor and the fourth bidirectional thyristor are kept on in a second mode of the motor and are kept off in a first mode;
the first bridge arm, the second bridge arm, the third bridge arm and the fourth bridge arm are used for controlling phase voltage and phase current of the motor.
2. The three-phase inverter according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of bridge arms includes an upper bridge arm power switching device and a lower bridge arm power switching device, and a lower node of the upper bridge arm power switching device is connected to an upper node of the lower bridge arm power switching device for controlling phase voltage and phase current of the motor.
3. The three-phase to structure inverter as claimed in claim 2, wherein the power switching devices are fully current controlled switches.
4. The three-phase inverter according to claim 3, wherein the current fully controlled switch comprises a MOSFET, an IGBT with anti-parallel diodes.
5. The method for controlling the three-phase inverter with the variable structure according to claim 1, comprising:
(1) when the target working mode of the inverter is inconsistent with the actual working mode, the driving signals on the two bidirectional thyristors conducted in the actual working mode are simultaneously removed, so that the two corresponding bidirectional thyristors are turned off in a zero-crossing manner;
(2) and simultaneously applying a driving signal to the two corresponding bidirectional thyristors in the target working mode for conduction, and switching the voltage modulation mode to enable the inverter to operate in the target working mode.
6. The control method according to claim 5, wherein the switching of the actual operation mode to the target operation mode includes switching of a first mode to a second mode, and switching of the second mode to the first mode.
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| CN110707989B (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2021-02-09 | 华中科技大学 | Inverter switched by three-phase half-bridge-series winding topological structure and switching method thereof |
| CN111637164B (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2021-08-03 | 华中科技大学 | Series winding control device and method applied to magnetic suspension bearing |
| CN112532144B (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-12-17 | 华中科技大学 | Multi-mode flexibly-switched motor driver and topology switching control method |
| US11476788B1 (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2022-10-18 | Irp Nexus Group Ltd. | Optimal open windings inverter for controlling three-phase AC motors |
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