CN109787502A - New Electroactive polymer based on negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer - Google Patents
New Electroactive polymer based on negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of New Electroactive polymer based on negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer, the flexible electrode comprising elastic membrane and elastic membrane two sides；The flexible electrode of elastic membrane two sides is coated uniformly on the upper and lower surface of elastic membrane, and thickness is less than the thickness of elastic membrane, Young's modulus is less than the Young's modulus of elastic membrane, is respectively used to connect with the positive and negative anodes of external voltage.The flexible electrode of two sides is when applying voltage, elastic membrane simultaneously shrink by through-thickness, length direction, width direction, volume reduces, density of material, rigidity and bearing capacity increase, mechanical failure, electrical breakdown, the failure limit raising of mechanical-electric coupling unstability, to have the electromechanical properties more excellent than traditional dielectric electroactive polymer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electroactive polymer more particularly to a kind of Novel electrics based on negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer
Living polymer.
Background technique
Negative poisson's ratio material is also known as auxetic materials (Auxetic), is the new function material that a kind of Poisson's ratio is negative value,
When stretcher strain occurs for material, lateral expansion can occur perpendicular to the direction of load；And when compressive deformation occurs for material, it hangs down
Directly it can occur laterally to shrink in the direction of load.Therefore material can be concentrated at load automatically so as to more effectively bearing to carry
Lotus, the rigidity of material also can non-linear increase as the load increases, therefore negative poisson's ratio material shearing mould with higher
Amount and rebound toughness, have excellent mechanical property.
Electroactive polymer is a kind of novel flexible that can produce displacement and load change under electric field and voltage drive
Functional material, in addition, its displacement and the change of load condition can also cause the significant changes of electric field and voltage, therefore electroactive poly-
Load, displacement, electric field and the voltage status for closing object intercouple, and the change of any state will cause other a certain
The variation of a parameter state or certain several parameter state.Electroactive polymer can be divided mainly into ionic and electric field type two major classes:
Ionic electroactive polymer is the conversion realized between electric energy and mechanical energy using chemical energy as transition, its advantage is that driving electricity
Force down and deform energy absorbing component that is big, but responding low compared with slow and energy density, therefore, it is difficult to be suitable under dynamic operation condition.Electric field type
Electroactive polymer can be further divided into piezo-electric type and dielectric type: piezo-electric type electroactive polymer material under electric field excitation itself
Electroluminescent stress can be generated, the conversion being directly realized by between electric energy and mechanical energy, but it is lower to deform smaller and efficiency；Dielectric type electricity is living
Property polymer energy conversion is realized by the statcoulomb power that two lateral electrodes generate under electric field excitation, its main feature is that response it is fast,
Deformation big (maximum area strain is up to 380%), energy density is larger and energy conversion efficiency is very high (up to 90%).It is based on
These characteristics, dielectric type electroactive polymer are generally also known as artificial muscle.Another of dielectric type electroactive polymer is excellent
Point is that cost is cheap, therefore is expected to be widely used.
Traditional dielectric type electroactive polymer can tire out respectively under by electric field and voltage drive at the flexible electrode of two sides
Product positive and negative charge, to generate electrostatic effect and form Coulomb force, Coulomb force acts on the thickness direction of electroactive polymer, electricity
By compression lateral stretching occurs for living polymer through-thickness, and thickness reduces, and area increases, with electroactive polymer
The continuous reduction of thickness, is unfavorable for electroactive polymer at the problems such as being easy to happen mechanical failure, electrical breakdown, mechanical-electric coupling unstability
Large-scale application.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is in traditional dielectric type electroactive polymer in background technique due to
When deformation caused by statcoulomb power is larger, the defect of its rigidity and bearing capacity can be reduced, is provided a kind of based on negative Poisson
Than the New Electroactive polymer of dielectric elastomer, electricity may be implemented by the application of the electroactive polymer negative poisson's ratio characteristic
Shape, the real-time variable of density and rigidity of living polymer improve traditional dielectric type electroactive polymer with the increasing of deformation
Add, the shortcomings that rigidity and bearing capacity decline, and can be achieved at the same time elastic element, damping element, sensor element, cause
Dynamic device element and energy regenerating element it is integrated, electronic, information-based and intelligent.
The present invention uses following technical scheme to solve above-mentioned technical problem:
New Electroactive polymer based on negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer, comprising elastic membrane and elastic membrane two sides
Flexible electrode；
The flexible electrode of the elastic membrane two sides is coated uniformly on the upper and lower surface of elastic membrane, and thickness is less than the thickness of elastic membrane
Degree, Young's modulus are less than the Young's modulus of elastic membrane, are respectively used to connect with the positive and negative anodes of external voltage；
The elastic membrane uses negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer material, which is heated to by porous dielectric elastomeric material
When its a little higher than thermal softening temperature range while applying the compressing force of three orthogonal directions to be prepared；
The flexible electrode of the elastic membrane two sides is when applying voltage, elastic membrane while through-thickness, length direction, width
It spends direction to shrink, volume reduces, and density of material, rigidity and bearing capacity increase, mechanical failure, electrical breakdown, mechanical-electric coupling unstability
Failure limit improve.
As the present invention is based on the further prioritization scheme of New Electroactive polymer of negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer, institutes
When stating the compressing force of porous dielectric elastomeric material three orthogonal directions of application, squeezed into using by porous dielectric elastomeric material
The size of three orthogonal directions is respectively less than the mode in the mold of its own size.
As the present invention is based on the further prioritization scheme of New Electroactive polymer of negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer, institutes
Negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer material is stated using negative poisson's ratio polyurethane or negative poisson's ratio polyolefin blends, the flexible electrical of two sides
Pole is using any one system in electrode carbon dust, silver paste, metallic film, carbon rouge, carbon nanotube, hydrogel electrolyte, graphene
At.
The invention adopts the above technical scheme compared with prior art, has following technical effect that
When the New Electroactive polymer based on negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer is by electric field and voltage drive, it is deformed
Negative poisson's ratio characteristic can be presented, that is, the New Electroactive polymer can be shunk along thickness direction after being powered, length and width
Direction is also shunk simultaneously, and area is reduced, therefore its response is completely opposite with traditional dielectric type electroactive polymer；
Negative poisson's ratio material modulus of shearing with higher and rebound toughness, have excellent property in terms of mechanical property
Matter, and based on the New Electroactive polymer of negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer compared with traditional dielectric type electroactive polymer,
Its outstanding feature is that rigidity can be with the promotion of voltage and non-linear increase, the bearing capacity of material can also substantially improve, this
The application range of electroactive polymer can greatly be expanded.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 (A), Fig. 1 (B) are the schematic diagram and electromechanical deformations schematic diagram of traditional dielectric type electroactive polymer respectively；
Fig. 2 (A), Fig. 2 (B) be respectively the New Electroactive polymer based on negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer schematic diagram and
Electromechanical deformations schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 (A), Fig. 3 (B) are traditional dielectric type electroactive polymer and based on the new of negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer respectively
Type electroactive polymer is used as electromechanical deformations schematic diagram when actuator；
Fig. 4 is the pass of the mechanical force and electric field force in the New Electroactive polymer based on negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer
System.
Specific embodiment
New Electroactive polymer in the present invention belongs to a kind of novel negative poisson's ratio material, and traditional electroactive poly-
It closes object to compare, modulus of shearing with higher and rebound toughness have excellent property in terms of mechanical property.By not
Under same voltage or electric field excitation, New Electroactive polymer can reach different mechanical properties, realize scantling, rigidity
Real-time variable, improve the bearing capacity of material, and then expand the application range of material, and can be achieved at the same time elastic member
Part, damping element, sensor element, actuator component and energy regenerating element it is integrated, electronic, information-based and intelligent
Change.
A specific embodiment of the invention is further detailed with reference to the accompanying drawing.
The invention discloses a kind of New Electroactive polymer based on negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer, comprising elastic membrane,
And the flexible electrode of elastic membrane two sides；
The flexible electrode of the elastic membrane two sides is coated uniformly on the upper and lower surface of elastic membrane, and thickness is less than the thickness of elastic membrane
Degree, Young's modulus are less than the Young's modulus of elastic membrane, are respectively used to connect with the positive and negative anodes of external voltage；
The elastic membrane uses negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer material, which is heated to by porous dielectric elastomeric material
When its a little higher than thermal softening temperature range while applying the compressing force of three orthogonal directions to be prepared；
The flexible electrode of the elastic membrane two sides is when applying voltage, elastic membrane while through-thickness, length direction, width
It spends direction to shrink, volume reduces, and density of material, rigidity and bearing capacity increase, mechanical failure, electrical breakdown, mechanical-electric coupling unstability
Failure limit improve.
As the present invention is based on the further prioritization scheme of New Electroactive polymer of negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer, institutes
When stating the compressing force of porous dielectric elastomeric material three orthogonal directions of application, squeezed into using by porous dielectric elastomeric material
The size of three orthogonal directions is respectively less than the mode in the mold of its own size.
As the present invention is based on the further prioritization scheme of New Electroactive polymer of negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer, institutes
Negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer material is stated using negative poisson's ratio polyurethane or negative poisson's ratio polyolefin blends, the flexible electrical of two sides
Pole is using any one system in electrode carbon dust, silver paste, metallic film, carbon rouge, carbon nanotube, hydrogel electrolyte, graphene
At.
Fig. 1 (A) illustrates the schematic diagram of traditional dielectric type electroactive polymer, is class sandwich sandwich structure, wherein pressing from both sides
Core material is traditional elastic membrane, and silica gel, acrylic acid, polyurethane or other dielectric elastomer materials can be used.Upper and lower two sides are
The materials such as electrode carbon dust, silver paste, metallic film, carbon rouge, carbon nanotube, hydrogel electrolyte, graphene can be used in flexible electrode
Material.Initial length, width, the thickness of the dielectric type electroactive polymer are respectively L1、L2、L3, wherein L3For dielectric elastomeric
The sum of body film and the thickness of two sides flexible electrode.The Young's modulus of two sides flexible electrode material should be than the poplar of dielectric elastomer film
Family name's modulus is much smaller, to reduce its influence to electroactive polymer mechanical property.
Fig. 1 (B) illustrates the electromechanical deformations schematic diagram of traditional dielectric type electroactive polymer, upper and lower two sides flexible electrode point
It is not connected with the positive and negative polarities of high-voltage DC power supply, wherein the voltage of high-voltage DC power supply is Φ, and dielectric type is electroactive poly- at this time
It closes object and is equivalent to a capacitor, electric current can not pass through elastic membrane, therefore have accumulated ± Q electricity at the flexible electrode of two sides respectively up and down
Lotus generates electrostatic effect and forms Coulomb force, acts on the thickness direction of dielectric type electroactive polymer, to make electroactive poly-
The thickness of object is closed from L3It is reduced to l3, the size of length and width is respectively from L1、L2Increase to l1、l2, at this point, dielectric type is electroactive
Stress of the polymer in three directions is respectively P1、P2、P3.Φ, Q, P and l in the system3It is the state ginseng to intercouple
Number, the change of any state will affect other three state parameters.
Fig. 2 (A) illustrates the New Electroactive polymer schematic diagram based on negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer, is similarly class three
Mingzhi's sandwich structure, wherein sandwich material is novel elastic film, using negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer material.Upper and lower two sides are soft
Property electrode.Initial length, width, the thickness of the New Electroactive polymer are respectively L1、L2、L3, wherein L3For elastic membrane
The sum of with the thickness of two sides flexible electrode.The Young's modulus of two sides flexible electrode material smaller than the Young's modulus of elastic membrane should obtain
It is more, to reduce its influence to electroactive polymer mechanical property.
Fig. 2 (B) illustrates the electromechanical deformations schematic diagram of the New Electroactive polymer based on negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer,
Upper and lower two sides flexible electrode is connected with the positive and negative polarities of high-voltage DC power supply respectively, wherein and the voltage of high-voltage DC power supply is Φ,
The New Electroactive polymer is equivalent to a capacitor at this time, and electric current can not pass through elastic membrane, therefore two sides flexible electrode up and down
Place has accumulated ± Q charge respectively, generates electrostatic effect and forms Coulomb force, it is living to act on negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer Novel electric
The thickness direction of property polymer, to make the thickness of New Electroactive polymer from L3It is reduced to l3, and because elastic membrane by
Vertical load act on when, lateral contraction can be generated, therefore, the size of the length and width of New Electroactive polymer respectively from
L1、L2It is reduced to l1、l2, completely opposite with the response of traditional dielectric type electroactive polymer.At this point, the New Electroactive polymerize
Stress of the object in three directions is respectively P1、P2、P3.Φ, Q, P and l in the system3It is the state parameter to intercouple,
The change of middle any state will affect other three state parameters.
The invention discloses a kind of electomechanical responses for being somebody's turn to do the New Electroactive polymer based on negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer
Estimation method comprising the steps of:
Enabling novel initial length, width, thickness based on negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer is respectively L1、L2、L3, two sides
Voltage is Φ, has accumulated ± Q charge at upper and lower two sides flexible electrode respectively, makes the thickness of New Electroactive polymer from L3Reduce
To l3, the size of length and width is respectively from L1、L2It is reduced to l1、l2, the extensibility on three directions is respectively λ1=l1/L1、λ2
=l2/L2And λ3=l3/L3；
The stress of the New Electroactive polymer in three directions is respectively P at this time1、P2、P3, on three directions
True stress is respectively σ1=P1/l2l3、σ2=P2/l1l3And σ3=P3/l1l2；The true electric field strength that elastic membrane is subject to is E=
φ/l3=φ/λ3L3, it is D=Q/l that real potential, which moves,1l2；
The Helmholtz free energy for enabling the electroactive polymer is F, and density is W=F/ (L1L2L3)；
The variation of Helmholtz free energy in the case where small sample perturbations are as follows:
δ F=P1δl1+P2δl2+P3δl3+ΦδQ (1)
Wherein δ Q=Dl2δl1+Dl1δl2+l1l2δ D, δ l1、δl2, δ D be respectively l in the case where small sample perturbations1、l2, D change
Change；
By formula (1) both sides divided by L1L2L3, then have:
δ W=(σ1+ED)λ2λ3δλ1+(σ2+ED)λ1λ3δλ2+σ3λ1λ2δλ3+Eλ1λ2λ3δD (2)
Helmholtz free energy density is set as to the function W=W (λ of four independent variables1, λ2, λ3, D), after substituting into formula (2)
Have:
Due to λ1、λ2、λ3It is four independent variables with D, therefore has at equilbrium position:
It is linear relationship between the electric field strength and dielectric displacement being subject to due to elastic membrane, i.e. E=D/ ε, wherein ε is dielectric bullet
The dielectric constant of property body.Formula (2) integrates D and keeps λ1、λ2And λ3It is constant, it obtains:
Wherein WsFor the strain energy function of elastic membrane, formula (5) and E=D/ ε are substituted into formula (4):
Strain energy function uses Ogden model, then has:
Wherein αi、uiAnd βiFor the material parameter of elastic membrane, the material experiment data of elastic membrane can be obtained by fitting, N
For the order of Ogden model, i is the natural number for being less than or equal to N more than or equal to 1；
Formula (7) are substituted into formula (6), are obtained:
The electromechanical state of New Electroactive polymer based on negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer is estimated by formula (8), carries
Lotus and voltage then can be by P1=σ1l2l3、P2=σ2l1l3、P3=σ3l1l2With Φ=E λ3L3Estimated.
Fig. 3 (A) illustrates electromechanical deformations schematic diagram of the traditional dielectric type electroactive polymer as actuator when, wherein passing
System dielectric type electroactive polymer membrane both ends staff cultivation simultaneously bears concentrfated load F at midpoint and remains unchanged, and dotted line is before being powered
Equilbrium position.When applying voltage in traditional dielectric type electroactive polymer two sides, equilbrium position becomes position shown in solid
It sets, it is seen that its actuating displacement is downward.The phenomenon illustrates traditional dielectric type electroactive polymer membrane Stiffness after powered up, and
Voltage is higher, and rigidity is smaller.
Fig. 3 (B) illustrates machine of the New Electroactive polymer based on negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer as actuator when
Electricity deformation schematic diagram, wherein the New Electroactive polymer film both ends staff cultivation and midpoint bear concentrfated load F and keep not
Become, dotted line is the equilbrium position before being powered.When applying voltage in the New Electroactive polymer film two sides, equilbrium position becomes
For position shown in solid, it is seen that its actuating displacement is upward, opposite with traditional dielectric type electroactive polymer.The phenomenon illustrates that this is new
Rigidity improves type electroactive polymer membrane after powered up, and voltage is higher, and rigidity is bigger.
Fig. 4 illustrates the pass of mechanical force and electric field force in the New Electroactive polymer of negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer
System.In equilibrium state, electric field force is equal with mechanical force.When the voltage, charge and capacitor of New Electroactive polymer become
When changing and electric field force being made to be more than mechanical force, as shown by point 1, in order to reach equilbrium position, then mechanical force persistently increases, Novel electric
The area and thickness of living polymer reduce, density increases, and are finally reached the balance of electric field force and mechanical force, the i.e. point of arrival 2,
During this, part electric energy is converted to mechanical energy.On the other hand, when the load of New Electroactive polymer and deformation change
And when mechanical force being made to be more than electric field force, as shown in point 3, in order to reach equilbrium position, then electric field force persistently increases, and Novel electric is living
Property polymer two sides flexible electrode voltage increase, be finally reached the balance of electric field force and mechanical force, the i.e. point of arrival 4, herein
In the process, some mechanical can be converted to electric energy.The upper left side region of equilibrium state curve in figure, New Electroactive polymer can
As actuator devices, in the lower right region of equilibrium state curve, then work in energy regenerating (or generator) or sensing
Device device.
When New Electroactive polymer can be used as actuator devices, mechanical energy, basic principle are converted electrical energy into are as follows: when
When material accesses power supply, New Electroactive polymer two lateral electrode stored charge under the action of voltage, the electric field force edge of generation
Thickness direction compression reduces the area of New Electroactive polymer and thickness, to bring it about a certain amount of displacement, reaches
Actuation function.Different actuation requirements may be implemented in load p by changing the supply voltage Φ and receiving that access.Novel electric
Living polymer is compared with the actuator that traditional dielectric type electroactive polymer is done, and under electric field force effect, Novel electric is living
Property polymer is exactly the opposite in the deformation direction of length and width, and the density of material and rigidity can with the raising of electric field force and
Nonlinear increase can make actuator bear higher supply voltage Φ and load p.
When New Electroactive polymer is as energy regenerating (or generator), electric energy is converted mechanical energy into.It is basic
Principle are as follows: when being acted on by vertical load, elastic membrane is forced to shrink New Electroactive polymer, and thickness reduces；In material two
Side flexible electrode accesses the circuit of a relative low voltage, will assemble certain charge on the flexible electrode of both ends；It disconnects relatively low
The circuit of voltage reduces the size of vertical load, unfolds elastic membrane gradually, and thickness increases, the charge quilt of two sides flexible electrode
It gradually pushes away, voltage increases；The circuit of an opposing high voltage potentials is accessed in material ends flexible electrode, the electricity under output HIGH voltage
Can, to realize energy regenerating.
When New Electroactive polymer is as sensor device, electric energy is converted mechanical energy into.Its basic principle are as follows: novel
When being acted on by vertical load, elastic membrane is forced to shrink electroactive polymer, and thickness reduces；In material two sides, flexible electrode is connect
Enter the circuit of certain voltage, certain charge will be assembled on the flexible electrode of both ends；When vertical load reduces, elastic membrane is gradually relaxed
Exhibition, thickness increase, and capacitor reduces, and the quantity of electric charge of two sides flexible electrode is gradually reduced；When vertical load increases, elastic membrane is gradually
It shrinks, thickness reduces, and capacitor increases, and the quantity of electric charge of two sides flexible electrode is gradually increased.Therefore pass through measurement capacitance or two sides
The quantity of electric charge on flexible electrode can then calculate the variable quantity of load.
Negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer belongs to one kind of negative poisson's ratio material, when applying external mechanical force effect, can produce
Raw negative poisson's ratio characteristic, therefore New Electroactive polymer is compared with traditional dielectric type electroactive polymer, in dynamic excitation
Under effect, opposite deformation effect can be generated, so as to obtain some superior performances.For example, under load effect, newly
Type electroactive polymer can nonlinear increasing as the load increases due to characteristics such as its density of negative poisson's ratio characteristic and rigidity
Add, therefore compared to traditional electroactive polymer, it can bear bigger load, recycle more energy, and can bear
Breakdown voltage it is also bigger.
By design certain control strategy and control system, it can be achieved that the New Electroactive of negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer
The multi-functional coupling such as variation rigidity, actuating, energy regenerating and the sensing of polymer.
New Electroactive polymer based on negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer, which can be made into, includes but are not limited to real-time variable
Buffer element, power-absorbing, damping element, spring-damper structure, sensor, actuator and energy regenerating element.
Those skilled in the art can understand that unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including skill
Art term and scientific term) there is meaning identical with the general understanding of those of ordinary skill in fields of the present invention.Also
It should be understood that those terms such as defined in the general dictionary should be understood that have in the context of the prior art
The consistent meaning of meaning will not be explained in an idealized or overly formal meaning and unless defined as here.
Above-described specific embodiment has carried out further the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects
It is described in detail, it should be understood that being not limited to this hair the foregoing is merely a specific embodiment of the invention
Bright, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included in the present invention
Protection scope within.
Claims (3)
1. the New Electroactive polymer based on negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer, which is characterized in that include elastic membrane and elasticity
The flexible electrode of film two sides；
The flexible electrode of the elastic membrane two sides is coated uniformly on the upper and lower surface of elastic membrane, thickness be less than elastic membrane thickness,
Young's modulus is less than the Young's modulus of elastic membrane, is respectively used to connect with the positive and negative anodes of external voltage；
The elastic membrane uses negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer material, which is heated to slightly higher by porous dielectric elastomeric material
When its thermal softening temperature range while applying the compressing force of three orthogonal directions to be prepared；
The flexible electrode of the elastic membrane two sides is when applying voltage, elastic membrane while through-thickness, length direction, width side
To contraction, volume reduces, and density of material, rigidity and bearing capacity increase, mechanical failure, electrical breakdown, the mistake of mechanical-electric coupling unstability
The limit is imitated to improve.
2. the New Electroactive polymer according to claim 1 based on negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer, which is characterized in that
When the porous dielectric elastomeric material applies the compressing force of three orthogonal directions, squeezed using by porous dielectric elastomeric material
The mode in mold for being respectively less than its own size into the size of three orthogonal directions.
3. the New Electroactive polymer according to claim 1 based on negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer, which is characterized in that
The negative poisson's ratio dielectric elastomer material uses negative poisson's ratio polyurethane or negative poisson's ratio polyolefin blends, the flexibility of two sides
Electrode is using any one in electrode carbon dust, silver paste, metallic film, carbon rouge, carbon nanotube, hydrogel electrolyte, graphene
It is made.
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| CN112731651A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-04-30 | 南京邮电大学 | Electrically-controlled thickness-adjustable optical phase modulator |
| CN113276530A (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2021-08-20 | 吕建忠 | Self-peeling type heat shrinkable film and preparation process thereof |
| CN113396488A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2021-09-14 | 脸谱科技有限责任公司 | Engineered loading response in electroactive polymer devices with structured nanovoids |
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| CN107276450A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2017-10-20 | 南京航空航天大学 | Indent waveform negative poisson's ratio structure based on dielectric type electroactive polymer |
| CN107294421A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2017-10-24 | 南京航空航天大学 | Double wave shape wave negative poisson's ratio structure based on dielectric type electroactive polymer |
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