CN109617041B - Energy management and control device of photovoltaic energy storage system - Google Patents
Energy management and control device of photovoltaic energy storage system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109617041B CN109617041B CN201910130782.3A CN201910130782A CN109617041B CN 109617041 B CN109617041 B CN 109617041B CN 201910130782 A CN201910130782 A CN 201910130782A CN 109617041 B CN109617041 B CN 109617041B
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 101100464779 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) CNA1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 101100464782 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) CMP2 gene Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 101001122448 Rattus norvegicus Nociceptin receptor Proteins 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
- H02J1/12—Parallel operation of dc generators with converters, e.g. with mercury-arc rectifier
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Abstract
The invention discloses an energy management and control device of a photovoltaic energy storage system, which comprises a double-input double-output converter and a control circuit; the double-input and double-output converter is derived from a double-tube Buck-Boost converter, the input end of the double-tube Buck-Boost converter is connected with the photovoltaic module, and the output end of the double-tube Buck-Boost converter is connected with the load. Meanwhile, in order to overcome the characteristic that fluctuation exists in output power of the photovoltaic module, a branch is added to an input side and an output side of the double-tube Buck-Boost converter respectively and is connected to the energy storage unit, wherein the branch on the input side controls the energy storage unit to discharge, and the branch on the output side controls the energy storage unit to charge. The control circuit includes an MPPT control unit, an error amplifier EA, a first comparator CMP1, a second comparator CMP2, a pulse modulation unit, a multiplexing unit, and a mode switching control unit. The invention has simple structure, low cost, high power density and high system efficiency, and can simultaneously realize the maximum power point tracking control of the photovoltaic module and the output constant voltage control of the load.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic energy storage systems, in particular to an energy management and control device of a photovoltaic energy storage system.
Background
In recent years, with the increase in environmental pollution and energy crisis, new energy power generation technologies typified by solar energy have become a research hotspot. Because the output characteristics of a Photovoltaic (PV) array are closely related to environmental factors such as illumination, temperature and the like, the output characteristics of the Photovoltaic array have randomness and volatility under different environmental conditions, and therefore, an energy storage unit is required to be equipped in an independent Photovoltaic power generation system to store and regulate electric energy so as to meet the requirements of an electric load on power supply continuity and stability. Conventional photovoltaic energy storage systems require a unidirectional DC-DC converter to be connected to the photovoltaic array and to achieve maximum power point tracking (Maximum Power Point Tracking, MPPT) control, a unidirectional DC-DC converter to provide a stable output to the load, and a bidirectional DC-DC converter to be connected to the energy storage unit to balance the power balance between the load and the photovoltaic array. This results in larger volumes and costs of conventional photovoltaic energy storage systems, relatively complex controls, and difficulty in achieving centralized control. The multiport converter is adopted to replace a plurality of single-input single-output converters, so that the cost of the system can be greatly reduced, the power density of the system can be improved, centralized control can be realized, the design of a control circuit is more flexible, and the control circuit is widely focused by researchers. Researchers have proposed a series of multiport converter topologies, mainly divided into isolated and non-isolated, isolated multiport converters are mainly derived from half-bridge converters, full-bridge converters, which are characterized by high power levels, ability to achieve electrical isolation, etc., non-isolated multiport converters are generally derived from basic Buck, boost, buck-Boost converters, and compared with isolated multiport converters, non-isolated multiport converters have higher power densities and simpler designs. However, the existing non-isolated multiport converter generally comprises a plurality of inductors, and the system is large in size and cannot realize time-sharing control.
The energy management and control between ports of an independent photovoltaic energy storage system based on a multiport converter are key to ensuring the stable operation of the whole system, and the existing control method mainly comprises two types. One is to use a multi-loop competition mechanism to control and manage energy of the system, and this method cannot realize the maximum power output and the constant load voltage of the photovoltaic module at the same time. The other method adopts voltage type centralized control, the principle is that the energy management and control of the system are realized through complex modulation, the method is complex in design, and the adjusting range of the system is narrow, so that the method is not suitable for the occasion of severe input or load change.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an energy management and control device of a photovoltaic energy storage system.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
an energy management and control device of a photovoltaic energy storage system comprises a double-input double-output converter and a control circuit;
the double-input and double-output converter comprises a double-tube Buck-Boost converter, wherein a Buck end switching tube is S 1 The Boost end switching tube is S 2 The load end switch tube is S 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The input end and the output end of the double-tube Buck-Boost converter are respectively connected to a photovoltaic module PV and a load R of the photovoltaic energy storage system; the dual-input dual-output converter further comprises an output side branch and an input side branch; the output side branch comprises a diode D 3 And a switch tube S 4 ，D 3 Is connected to S 2 Drain electrode D of (2) 3 Is connected to S 4 Drain electrode S of (1) 4 Is connected to the positive electrode of the energy storage unit of the photovoltaic energy storage system; the input side branch comprises a diode D 4 And a switch tube S 5 ，D 4 Is connected to S 1 Source of D 4 Is connected to S 5 Source of S 5 Is connected to the positive electrode of the energy storage unit of the photovoltaic energy storage system; the negative electrode of the energy storage unit is connected to S 2 A source of (a);
the control circuit comprises an MPPT control unit, an error amplifier EA, a first comparator CMP1, a second comparator CMP2, a pulse modulation unit, a multiplexing unit and a mode switching control unit;
the input ends of the MPPT control unit are respectively input with output voltage V of the photovoltaic module PV pv And output current I pv The output end is connected to one input end of the CMP1, and the other input end of the CMP1 inputs the inductance current i of the double-tube Buck-Boost converter L ；
The input ends of the error amplifier EA are respectively input with the output voltage V of the double-tube Buck-Boost converter o And a voltage reference value V o_ref The output end is connected to one input end of the CMP2, and the other input end of the CMP2 inputs the inductance current i of the double-tube Buck-Boost converter L ；
The pulse modulation unit comprises an SR trigger 2#, an SR trigger 3#, an SR trigger 4#, a logic exclusive OR gate XOR1, a logic exclusive OR gate XOR2, a logic NOT gate NO1, a logic NOT gate NO2 and a logic NOT gate NO3; the multi-path selection unit comprises a two-path selector MUX1, a two-path selector MUX2, a two-path selector MUX3 and a two-path selector MUX4;
output terminal c of CMP1 1 The reset terminals of the SR trigger 2# and the SR trigger 3# are respectively connected; output terminal c of CMP2 2 Is connected with the set end of the SR flip-flop 3#, and c 2 The reset terminal of the SR trigger 4# is connected with the reset terminal of the SR trigger 4# after NO 2; the clock signal clk is respectively connected with the set ends of the SR flip-flop 2# and the SR flip-flop 4#; the output terminal Q of the SR flip-flop 2# is connected to S 1 At the same time, the output terminal Q of the SR flip-flop 2# is connected to one input terminal of the XOR1, the output terminal Q of the SR flip-flop 3# is connected to the other input terminal of the XOR1, the output terminal of the XOR1 is connected to the first path input terminal of the MUX1, the second path input terminal of the MUX1 is connected to the low level, and the output terminal of the MUX1 is connected to S 4 A gate electrode of (a); the output of XOR1 is connected to the first input of MUX2 via NO1, the output Q of SR flip-flop 4# is connected to the second input of MUX2 via NO3, and the output of MUX2 is connected to S 3 A gate electrode of (a); the output end Q of the SR flip-flop 2# is connected to the first path input end of the MUX3, the output end Q of the SR flip-flop 4# is connected to the second path input end of the MUX3, and the output of the MUX3 is connected to S 2 A gate electrode of (a); the output end Q of the SR trigger 2# is connected to one input end of the XOR2, the output end Q of the SR trigger 4# is connected to the other input end of the XOR2, the output end of the XOR2 is connected to the second path input end of the MUX4, the first path input end of the MUX4 is connected to the low level, and the output end of the MUX4 is connected to S 5 A gate electrode of (a);
the mode switching control unit includes a subtractor SUB, a comparator CMP3, a comparator CMP4, and an SR flip-flop 1#; the input ends of the SUB are respectively input with the output voltage V of the double-tube Buck-Boost converter o And a voltage reference value V o_ref The output end is respectively connected with one input end of the CMP3 and the CMP4, the other input end of the CMP3 inputs a preset voltage threshold value delta V, the other input end of the CMP4 inputs a preset voltage threshold value delta V, the output ends of the CMP3 and the CMP4 are respectively connected with the reset end and the set end of the SR trigger 1#, and the output end Q of the SR trigger 1# is simultaneously connected with the selection of the MUX1, the MUX2, the MUX3 and the MUX4And (3) an end.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the system has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, high power density, high system efficiency and capability of realizing centralized control.
2. The control method can simultaneously realize the maximum power point tracking control and the load output constant voltage control of the photovoltaic module, has simpler control principle and more flexible design, and is easy to popularize in systems with other similar structures.
3. The system can adapt to extreme conditions such as sudden change of photovoltaic power, sudden change of load power and the like, and ensures the reliability and stable operation of the system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an energy management and control device of a photovoltaic energy storage system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dual input dual output converter;
fig. 3 (a) and 3 (b) are an equivalent circuit and a steady-state waveform of the dual-input dual-output converter in a dual-output mode, respectively;
fig. 4 (a) and 4 (b) are an equivalent circuit and a steady-state waveform of the dual-input dual-output converter in the dual-input mode, respectively;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a mode switch control unit of the control circuit;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a pulse modulation unit and a multiplexing unit of the control circuit;
FIG. 7 is a simulated waveform when the system is operating in a dual output mode; wherein, fig. 7 (a) is a steady-state simulation waveform of the system, and fig. 7 (b) is a transient simulation waveform of the system when the load is suddenly changed in the dual-output mode;
FIG. 8 is a transient simulation waveform of the system when the operating mode is switched from dual output mode to dual input mode due to a decrease in photovoltaic power;
FIG. 9 is a simulated waveform when the system is operating in a dual input mode; wherein, fig. 9 (a) is a steady-state simulation waveform of the system, and fig. 9 (b) is a transient simulation waveform of the system when the load is suddenly changed in the dual input mode;
fig. 10 is a transient simulation waveform of the system when the operating mode is switched from dual input mode to dual output mode due to an increase in photovoltaic power.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention further with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 shows that the system comprises a main power circuit and a control circuit, wherein the main power circuit consists of a double-input double-output converter, and a photovoltaic assembly, an energy storage unit and a load unit which are connected with the double-input double-output converter. The control circuit consists of an MPPT control unit, an error amplifier EA, a first comparator CMP1, a second comparator CMP2, a pulse modulation unit, a mode switching control unit and a multiplexing unit. Output voltage V of photovoltaic module pv And output current I pv As an input signal of the MPPT control unit, an output of the MPPT control unit is connected to one input terminal of the CMP1, and the inductor current i L Connected to the other input of CMP1, the output of error amplifier EA is connected to one input of CMP2, inductor current i L The output of the CMP1, the output of the CMP2 and the clock signal clk are all sent to a pulse modulation unit, the output of the pulse modulation unit is used as the input of a multiplexing unit, and the output of the multiplexing unit controls a switching tube in the dual-input dual-output converter. Output voltage V o With reference voltage V o_ref The output of the mode switching control unit is connected as a selection signal of the multiplexing unit to the multiplexing unit as an input of the mode switching control unit.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a dual-input dual-output converter comprising a photovoltaic module PV, an energy storage unit, a load unit R, a photovoltaic module access diode D 1 Input filter capacitor C in Buck end switching tube S 1 Boost terminal switching tube S 2 Energy storage inductance L and load branch switching tube S 3 Charging branch diode D of energy storage unit 3 Switch tube S of charging branch of energy storage unit 4 Discharge branch diode S of energy storage unit 5 Output filter capacitor C out 。
The double-input and double-output converter is derived from a double-tube Buck-Boost converter, the input end of the double-tube Buck-Boost converter is connected with the photovoltaic module, and the output end of the double-tube Buck-Boost converter is connected with the load. Meanwhile, in order to overcome the characteristic that fluctuation exists in output power of the photovoltaic module, a branch is added to an input side and an output side of the double-tube Buck-Boost converter respectively and is connected to the energy storage unit, wherein the branch on the input side controls the energy storage unit to discharge, and the branch on the output side controls the energy storage unit to charge.
In order to realize energy balance between the photovoltaic module and the load, the operation mode of the system is divided into a double-output mode and a double-input mode according to the relation between the maximum output power of the photovoltaic module and the power required by the load. In the dual output mode, the maximum output power of the photovoltaic module is greater than the power demanded by the load (P max >P o ) The redundant power generated by the photovoltaic module flows to the energy storage unit to charge the energy storage unit; in the dual input mode, the maximum output power of the photovoltaic module is less than the power required by the load (P max <P o ) The output power of the photovoltaic module cannot meet the load demand, and the energy storage unit provides insufficient power through discharging, so that the normal work of the load is ensured.
FIG. 3 shows an equivalent circuit and steady-state waveforms of a dual-input dual-output converter in dual-output mode, in which the system includes three switching states, the first switching state being referred to as a switching tube S 1 And S is 2 Conducting and passing through diode D by photovoltaic module 1 Charging the inductor L, and rising the inductor current; the second switch state refers to the switch tube S 1 And S is 2 Turn-off, switch tube S 3 On, inductance L passes through diode D 2 Discharging to the load, and reducing the inductance current; the third switch state refers to the switch tube S 3 Turn-off, switch tube S 4 On, inductance L passes through diode D 2 Discharging to the energy storage unit, and the inductance current continuously decreases.
FIG. 4 shows an equivalent circuit and steady-state waveforms of a dual-input dual-output converter in dual-input mode, in which the system includes three switching states, the first switching state being referred to as a switching tube S 1 And S is 2 Conducting and passing through diode D by photovoltaic module 1 Charging the inductor L, and rising the inductor current; the second switch state refers to a switch tubeS 1 Turn-off, switch tube S 2 And S is 5 On, the energy storage unit passes through the diode D 4 Charging the inductor L, and continuously rising the inductor current; the third switch state refers to the switch tube S 2 And S is 5 Turn-off, switch tube S 3 On, inductance L passes through diode D 2 The load is discharged and the inductor current decreases.
In order to implement the system operation modes shown in fig. 3 and 4, a control circuit is designed, and the control circuit includes an MPPT control unit, an error amplifier EA, a first comparator CMP1, a second comparator CMP2, a pulse modulation unit, a multiplexing unit, and a mode switching control unit.
Control circuit samples output voltage V of photovoltaic module pv And output current I pv The output of the MPPT control unit is sent to a comparator CMP1, and the CMP1 compares the output of the MPPT control unit with the magnitude of the inductance current in the double-input double-output converter; control circuit samples load voltage V of dual-input dual-output converter o And V is combined with o And output reference voltage V o_ref As input to the error amplifier EA, the output of EA is sent to a comparator CMP2, CMP2 comparing the output of EA with the magnitude of the inductor current in the dual-input dual-output converter; output c of CMP1 1 Output c of CMP2 2 The clock signal clk is used as an input signal of the pulse modulation unit, the output of the pulse modulation unit is used as an input of the multiplexing unit, and the multiplexing unit determines an output switching signal through the mode selection signal mel, so that the control of the system in a corresponding mode is realized.
The pulse modulation unit comprises an SR trigger 2#, an SR trigger 3#, an SR trigger 4#, a logic exclusive OR gate XOR1, a logic exclusive OR gate XOR2, a logic NOT gate NO1, a logic NOT gate NO2 and a logic NOT gate NO3. The multi-path selection unit includes a two-path selector MUX1, a two-path selector MUX2, a two-path selector MUX3, a two-path selector MUX4, and a two-path selector MUX5. Output c of CMP1 1 The reset terminals of the SR trigger 2# and the SR trigger 3# are respectively connected; output c of CMP2 2 Is connected with the set end of the SR flip-flop 3#, and c 2 After NO2 and SR trigger 4#The reset end is connected; clk is connected to the set terminals of SR flip-flop 2# and SR flip-flop 4# respectively. The output end Q of the SR trigger 2# is used as a switching control signal of the switching tube S1, meanwhile, the output end Q of the SR trigger 2# is connected to one input end of the XOR1, the output end Q of the SR trigger 3# is connected to the other input end of the XOR1, the output end of the XOR1 is connected to a first path of input end of the MUX1, a second path of input end of the MUX1 is connected with a low level, and the output end of the MUX1 is used as a switching control signal of the switching tube S4. The output of XOR1 is connected to the first input of MUX2 via NO1, the output Q of SR flip-flop 4# is connected to the second input of MUX2 via NO3, and the output of MUX2 is used as the switch control signal of switch tube S3. The output end Q of the SR flip-flop 2# is connected to the first path input end of the MUX3, the output end Q of the SR flip-flop 4# is connected to the second path input end of the MUX3, the output of the MUX3 is used as a switch control signal of the switch tube S2. The output end Q of the SR trigger 2# is connected to one input end of the XOR2, the output end Q of the SR trigger 4# is connected to the other input end of the XOR2, the output end of the XOR2 is connected to the second path input end of the MUX4, the first path input end of the MUX4 is connected with a low level, and the output end of the MUX4 is used as a switch control signal of the switch tube S5. The multi-path selection unit determines which path of switching signals are output by each two paths of selectors through the mel signal, if the mel enables the system to work in a dual-output mode, each two paths of selectors outputs a first path of switching signal, and if the mel enables the system to work in a dual-input mode, each two paths of selectors outputs a second path of switching signal.
The mode switching control unit comprises a subtracter SUB, a comparator CMP3, a comparator CMP4, an SR trigger 1#, and an output voltage V o And a voltage reference value V o_ref As inputs of SUB, outputs of SUB are connected to one input terminal of comparators CMP3 and CMP4, respectively, the other input terminal of CMP3 is connected to a preset voltage threshold Δv, the other input terminal of CMP4 is connected to a preset voltage threshold- Δv, and output terminals of CMP3 and CMP4 are connected to a reset terminal and a set terminal of SR flip-flop 1# respectively. The output terminal Q of the SR flip-flop 1# is the mode switch control signal mel.
The specific working principle is as follows: control circuit samples output voltage V of photovoltaic module pv And output current I pv And the MPPT result v is sent to an MPPT control unit to carry out MPPT operation, and an disturbance observation method is adopted in an MPPT algorithm to calculate the MPPT result v mppte As output of MPPT operation unit, and send to comparator CMP1, CMP1 compares inductor current i L And v mppte If i is the size of L Greater than v mppte CMP1 outputs c 1 At high level if i L Less than v mppte CMP1 outputs c 1 Is low; at the same time, the load voltage V of the converter is sampled o And V is combined with o And output reference voltage V o_ref As input to the error amplifier EA, an error amplified signal v oe As output of EA and sent to comparator CMP2, CMP2 compares inductor current i L And v oe If i is the size of L Less than v oe CMP2 output c 2 At high level if i L Greater than v oe CMP2 output c 2 Is low; c 1 、c 2 The clock signal clk is used as the input of the pulse modulation unit, the output of the pulse modulation unit comprises two groups of signals, one group of signals is a switching signal of a system working in a double-input mode, the other group of signals is a switching signal of a system working in a double-output mode, the two groups of signals are used as the input of the multi-path selection unit, and the multi-path selection unit determines the switching signal output by the multi-path selection unit through a mode selection signal mel, so that the control of the system in a corresponding mode is realized.
FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a mode switching control unit of the control circuit, calculating the output voltage V in real time o With reference voltage V o_ref And the calculated results are respectively sent to a comparator CMP3 and a comparator CMP4 to be respectively compared with preset thresholds DeltaV and-DeltaV, if V o -V o_ref >DeltaV, CMP3 outputs high level and resets SR flip-flop 1# with mel signal 0, the system operates in dual output mode if V o -V o_ref <- Δv), CMP4 outputs a high level and sets SR flip-flop 1# with mel signal 1, and the system operates in dual input mode.
FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the pulse modulation unit and the multiplexing unit of the control circuit, c output by comparators CMP1 and CMP2 1 And c 2 Clock signal clk asThe input of the pulse modulation unit, the specific working principle is described as follows: in the dual output mode, mel signal is 0, each multiplexer MUX in the multiplexing unit gates the first signal as output, so that the switching tube S 5 Always in an off state, clk sets SR flip-flop 2# and SR flip-flop 3# at the beginning of the switching cycle, switching tube S 1 And S is 2 Conducting, the inductor current rises, when the inductor current rises to v mppte At the time, c is output by the comparator CMP1 1 Is high level and resets SR flip-flop 2# and SR flip-flop 3# and switches on and off the tube S 1 And S is 2 Turn off, S 3 Conduction is carried out, the inductance current starts to drop, and when the inductance current drops to v oe At the time, c is output by the comparator CMP2 2 Is high and sets the SR flip-flop 3#, switch tube S 4 Conduction and switch tube S 3 The turn-off and inductor current continues to drop until the next switching cycle. In the dual input mode, mel signal is 1, each multiplexer MUX in the multiplexing unit gates the second signal as output, so that the switch tube S 4 Always in an off state, clk sets SR flip-flop 2# and SR flip-flop 3# at the beginning of the switching cycle, switching tube S 1 And S is 2 Conducting, the inductor current rises, when the inductor current rises to v oe At the time, c is output by the comparator CMP1 1 Is high level and resets SR flip-flop 2# and SR flip-flop 3# and switches on and off the tube S 1 Turn off, S 5 Conducting, the inductor current continues to rise, when the inductor current rises to v oe At the time, c is output by the comparator CMP2 2 Is low level and resets the SR flip-flop 4#, switch tube S 3 On, the inductor current begins to drop until the next switching cycle.
The system of the embodiment is subjected to time domain simulation analysis by PSIM simulation software, and simulation parameters of the system are set as follows: c (C) in ＝C out 470 μf, l=330 μh, load power P o =100W, load voltage V o Battery terminal voltage v=48v bat =25v, switching frequency f s =100 kHz, the system simulation results are as follows.
Fig. 7 (a) shows steady-state waveforms of the system operating in the dual-output mode, including the turn-on time sequence of each switching tube, the inductor current and the voltage waveforms at two ends of the inductor, and as can be seen from the figure, the turn-on time sequence of the switching tube is consistent with the theoretical analysis, and the inductor current shows a variation trend of "up-down"; fig. 7 (b) is a transient response waveform of abrupt load change when the system is operated in the dual-output mode, at this time, the maximum output power of the photovoltaic module is 120W, at the initial time, the photovoltaic module outputs at the maximum power, the load consumption power is 100W, the absorption power of the energy storage unit is 20W, the load power is reduced from 100W to 50W at 0.5s, the absorption power of the energy storage unit is abruptly changed to 70W, the load power is increased from 50W to 100W at 0.7s, and the system operation condition is consistent with the initial state.
Fig. 8 is a simulation waveform of switching the system operation mode from the dual-output mode to the dual-input mode, wherein at the initial moment, the photovoltaic module outputs with the maximum power of 120W, the load consumption power is 100W, the absorption power of the energy storage unit is 20W, the maximum output power of the photovoltaic module is suddenly changed from 120W to 60W at 0.3s, the output power of the photovoltaic module cannot meet the load requirement, in order to ensure the normal operation of the system, the system operation mode is switched to the dual-input mode, the energy storage unit discharges to the load, and the discharge power is 40W.
Fig. 9 (a) shows steady-state waveforms of the system operating in the dual-input mode, including the conduction time sequence of each switching tube, the inductance current and the voltage waveforms at two ends of the inductance, and as can be seen from the figure, the conduction time sequence of the switching tube is consistent with the theoretical analysis, and the inductance current shows a "rising-falling" variation trend; fig. 9 (b) is a transient response waveform of abrupt load change when the system is operated in the dual input mode, at this time, the maximum output power of the photovoltaic module is 60W, at the initial time, the photovoltaic module outputs with the maximum power, the output power of the energy storage unit is 40W, the load power is 100W, the load power is increased from 100W to 120W at 0.5s, the output power of the energy storage unit is abruptly changed to 60W, the load power is reduced from 120W to 100W at 0.7s, and the system operation condition is consistent with the initial state.
Fig. 10 is a simulation waveform of switching the system operation mode from the dual input mode to the dual output mode, at the initial time, the photovoltaic module outputs with a maximum power of 60W, the output power of the energy storage unit is 40W, the load consumption power is 100W, the maximum output power of the photovoltaic module is suddenly changed from 60W to 120W at 0.3s, the output power of the photovoltaic module is greater than the power required by the load, in order to ensure the normal operation of the system, the system operation mode is switched to the dual output mode, the energy storage unit is switched to the charging mode, and the charging power is 20W.
From the simulation results, the energy management and control method of the photovoltaic energy storage system can realize the constant maximum power output and load voltage of the photovoltaic module, and the system can reasonably distribute the power among all ports when the power of the photovoltaic module and the load change, so that the mode switching is flexibly realized, and the stable and efficient operation of the system is ensured.
Claims (1)
1. The energy management and control device of the photovoltaic energy storage system is characterized by comprising a double-input double-output converter and a control circuit;
the double-input and double-output converter comprises a double-tube Buck-Boost converter, wherein a Buck end switching tube is S 1 The Boost end switching tube is S 2 The load end switch tube is S 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The input end and the output end of the double-tube Buck-Boost converter are respectively connected to a photovoltaic module PV and a load R of the photovoltaic energy storage system; the dual-input dual-output converter further comprises an output side branch and an input side branch; the output side branch comprises a diode D 3 And a switch tube S 4 ，D 3 Is connected to S 2 Drain electrode D of (2) 3 Is connected to S 4 Drain electrode S of (1) 4 Is connected to the positive electrode of the energy storage unit of the photovoltaic energy storage system; the input side branch comprises a diode D 4 And a switch tube S 5 ，D 4 Is connected to S 1 Source of D 4 Is connected to S 5 Source of S 5 Is connected to the positive electrode of the energy storage unit of the photovoltaic energy storage system; the negative electrode of the energy storage unit is connected to S 2 A source of (a);
the control circuit comprises an MPPT control unit, an error amplifier EA, a first comparator CMP1, a second comparator CMP2, a pulse modulation unit, a multiplexing unit and a mode switching control unit;
the input ends of the MPPT control unit are respectively input with output voltage V of the photovoltaic module PV pv And output current I pv The output end is connected to one input end of the CMP1, and the other input end of the CMP1 inputs the inductance current i of the double-tube Buck-Boost converter L ；
The input ends of the error amplifier EA are respectively input with the output voltage V of the double-tube Buck-Boost converter o And a voltage reference value V o_ref The output end is connected to one input end of the CMP2, and the other input end of the CMP2 inputs the inductance current i of the double-tube Buck-Boost converter L ；
The pulse modulation unit comprises an SR trigger 2#, an SR trigger 3#, an SR trigger 4#, a logic exclusive OR gate XOR1, a logic exclusive OR gate XOR2, a logic NOT gate NO1, a logic NOT gate NO2 and a logic NOT gate NO3; the multi-path selection unit comprises a two-path selector MUX1, a two-path selector MUX2, a two-path selector MUX3 and a two-path selector MUX4;
output terminal c of CMP1 1 The reset terminals of the SR trigger 2# and the SR trigger 3# are respectively connected; output terminal c of CMP2 2 Is connected with the set end of the SR flip-flop 3#, and c 2 The reset terminal of the SR trigger 4# is connected with the reset terminal of the SR trigger 4# after NO 2; the clock signal clk is respectively connected with the set ends of the SR flip-flop 2# and the SR flip-flop 4#; the output terminal Q of the SR flip-flop 2# is connected to S 1 At the same time, the output terminal Q of the SR flip-flop 2# is connected to one input terminal of the XOR1, the output terminal Q of the SR flip-flop 3# is connected to the other input terminal of the XOR1, the output terminal of the XOR1 is connected to the first path input terminal of the MUX1, the second path input terminal of the MUX1 is connected to the low level, and the output terminal of the MUX1 is connected to S 4 A gate electrode of (a); the output of XOR1 is connected to the first input of MUX2 via NO1, the output Q of SR flip-flop 4# is connected to the second input of MUX2 via NO3, and the output of MUX2 is connected to S 3 A gate electrode of (a); the output end Q of the SR flip-flop 2# is connected to the first path input end of the MUX3, the output end Q of the SR flip-flop 4# is connected to the second path input end of the MUX3, and the output of the MUX3 is connected to S 2 A gate electrode of (a); the output terminal Q of the SR flip-flop 2# is connected to one input terminal of the XOR2, the output terminal Q of the SR flip-flop 4# is connected to the other input terminal of the XOR2, the output terminal of the XOR2The output end is connected to the second input end of the MUX4, the first input end of the MUX4 is connected to the low level, and the output end of the MUX4 is connected to S 5 A gate electrode of (a);
the mode switching control unit includes a subtractor SUB, a comparator CMP3, a comparator CMP4, and an SR flip-flop 1#; the input ends of the SUB are respectively input with the output voltage V of the double-tube Buck-Boost converter o And a voltage reference value V o_ref The output end is respectively connected with one input end of the CMP3 and the CMP4, the other input end of the CMP3 inputs a preset voltage threshold value delta V, the other input end of the CMP4 inputs a preset voltage threshold value delta V, the output ends of the CMP3 and the CMP4 are respectively connected with the reset end and the set end of the SR trigger 1#, and the output end Q of the SR trigger 1# issimultaneously connected to the selection ends of the MUX1, the MUX2, the MUX3 and the MUX 4.
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