CN109039079B - DC-DC converter circuit and circuit board layout structure thereof - Google Patents
DC-DC converter circuit and circuit board layout structure thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109039079B CN109039079B CN201711236708.7A CN201711236708A CN109039079B CN 109039079 B CN109039079 B CN 109039079B CN 201711236708 A CN201711236708 A CN 201711236708A CN 109039079 B CN109039079 B CN 109039079B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/3353—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having at least two simultaneously operating switches on the input side, e.g. "double forward" or "double (switched) flyback" converter
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/44—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
- H02M3/33592—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a direct current-to-direct current converter circuit and a circuit board layout structure of the direct current-to-direct current converter circuit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a converter circuit for converting direct current into direct current and a circuit board layout structure thereof.
Background
The dc-dc converter has the outstanding advantages of high power density and high efficiency, and can greatly reduce the space occupied by the system motherboard, so that the converter is widely used in the fields of telephone communication, data centers, supercomputers and the like. The 12V output is mainly used as an intermediate bus to supply power to a point load power supply at the rear stage, and 28-54V output is mainly used to supply power to an antenna and telephone equipment.
However, with the rapid development of fixed network and mobile communication, the requirements for efficiency and output power of the dc-dc converter are higher and higher. People generally obtain higher output power directly by a method of connecting switching devices in parallel or connecting switching branches in parallel, please refer to fig. 1, where fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dc-dc converter circuit in the prior art. As shown in fig. 1, the dc-dc converter circuit of the prior art includes a first branch 11, a second branch 12 and an output inductor 13, where the first branch 11 includes: a first transformer 111, a first primary switch circuit 112, and a first secondary rectification circuit 113, wherein the second branch 12 includes: one end of the output inductor 13 is connected to the positive output end of the first secondary rectification circuit 113, and is connected in series with the first secondary rectification circuit 113 and the second secondary rectification circuit 123 in sequence. Although this circuit configuration can achieve higher output power, it also has drawbacks in use. Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a voltage waveform diagram of the circuit of fig. 1 when the duty ratio D < 25%. As shown in fig. 2, from the perspective of electromagnetic interference (EMI), the output inductor 13 is placed close to the positive output terminal of the dc-to-dc converter circuit, which results in that the voltage jump frequency of the connection point A, B is 3 times of the switching frequency of the first primary side switch circuit 112 and the second primary side switch circuit 122, parasitic capacitances exist at the a point and the B point to the primary side and the ground of the transformer, and the potential jump at higher frequencies increases the radiated interference and the common mode current, which deteriorates the electromagnetic interference (EMI) performance. Therefore, it is desirable to develop a dc-to-dc converter circuit that overcomes the above-mentioned drawbacks.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a dc-to-dc converter circuit electrically connected between a first power source side and a second power source side, wherein the converter circuit includes a first branch, a second branch and a first inductor, a primary side of the first branch and a primary side of the second branch are coupled to the first power source side, a secondary side of the first branch and a secondary side of the second branch are connected in series via the first inductor, and a secondary side of the first branch and a secondary side of the second branch are coupled to the second power source side.
In the converter circuit, the first branch comprises:
the first transformer comprises a primary winding and a secondary winding;
one end of the first primary side switching circuit is electrically connected to the primary side winding of the first transformer, and the other end of the first primary side switching circuit is electrically connected to the first power supply side;
one end of the first secondary rectifying circuit is electrically connected to the secondary winding of the first transformer, and the other end of the first secondary rectifying circuit is electrically connected to the second power supply side and one end of the first inductor respectively;
the second branch comprises:
the second transformer comprises a primary winding and a secondary winding;
one end of the second primary side switching circuit is electrically connected to the primary side winding of the second transformer, and the other end of the second primary side switching circuit is electrically connected to the first power supply side;
and one end of the second secondary rectifying circuit is electrically connected to the secondary winding of the second transformer, and the other end of the second secondary rectifying circuit is electrically connected to the second power supply side and the other end of the first inductor.
In the converter circuit, a first connection point and a second connection point are formed between the first secondary rectifying circuit and the secondary winding of the first transformer, a third connection point and a fourth connection point are formed between the second secondary rectifying circuit and the secondary winding of the second transformer, and when the converter circuit works, alternating current impedance of the first inductor is formed between the first connection point, the second connection point, the third connection point and the fourth connection point, so that the voltages of the first connection point and the second connection point are not superposed with the jump voltages of the third connection point and the fourth connection point any more.
In the converter circuit, a first connection point and a second connection point are formed between the first secondary rectification circuit and the secondary winding of the first transformer, and when the converter circuit works, the jump frequency of the voltage of the first connection point and the second connection point is 1 time of the switching frequency of the first primary side switching circuit and the second primary side switching circuit.
The converter circuit described above further includes:
a second inductor; and
a third leg, the third leg comprising:
the third transformer comprises a primary winding and a secondary winding;
one end of the third primary side switching circuit is electrically connected to the primary side winding of the third transformer, and the other end of the third primary side switching circuit is electrically connected to the first power supply side;
and one end of the third secondary rectifying circuit is electrically connected to the secondary winding of the third transformer, the other end of the third secondary rectifying circuit is electrically connected to the second power supply side and one end of the second inductor, and the other end of the second inductor is electrically connected to the second secondary rectifying circuit.
The converter circuit further includes at least one third branch and at least one third inductor, and each two adjacent third secondary rectification circuits are connected in series through one third inductor.
In the converter circuit, each of the first primary side switching circuit and the second primary side switching circuit includes a plurality of switching tubes, and a phase difference θ between driving signals of the switching tubes at the same position of the first primary side switching circuit and the second primary side switching circuit is 180 °/S, where S is the number of the branches.
In the converter circuit, the first primary side switching circuit, the second primary side switching circuit, and each third primary side switching circuit respectively include a plurality of switching tubes, and a phase difference θ between driving signals of the switching tubes at the same position of the first primary side switching circuit, the second primary side switching circuit, and each third primary side switching circuit is 180 °/S, where S is the number of branches.
In the converter circuit, the first branch and the second branch are one of a half-bridge topology, a full-bridge topology and a forward topology.
In the converter circuit, the first branch, the second branch and the third branch are one of a half-bridge topology, a full-bridge topology and a forward topology.
In the converter circuit, the primary side switching circuit of the first branch and the primary side switching circuit of the second branch have a duty ratio, and the duty ratios are set so that the first branch and the second branch output zero-ripple output currents.
In the converter circuit, the duty ratio of the primary side switching circuit of the first branch circuit and the primary side switching circuit of the second branch circuit is any value between 20% and 30%.
In the converter circuit, the duty ratios of the primary side switching circuit of the first branch circuit and the primary side switching circuit of the second branch circuit are any value between 45% and 50%.
The present invention also provides a circuit board layout structure including the dc-to-dc converter circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the circuit board layout structure includes:
a circuit board having an X-axis direction and a Y-axis direction perpendicular to the X-axis direction;
a transformer unit disposed on the circuit board;
the first switch tube group is arranged on the circuit board and is positioned on one side of the transformer unit along the X-axis direction;
the first rectifying tube group is arranged on the circuit board P and is positioned on the other side of the transformer unit along the X-axis direction;
the second switch tube group is arranged on the circuit board P and is positioned on one side of the transformer unit along the X-axis direction;
the second rectifying tube group is arranged on the circuit board P and is positioned on the other side of the transformer unit along the X-axis direction; and
the first inductor is arranged on the circuit board P and located between the first rectifying tube group and the second rectifying tube group, wherein the first switching tube group and the second switching tube group are arranged on the same side of the transformer unit along the Y-axis direction, and the first rectifying tube group and the second rectifying tube group are arranged on the same side of the transformer unit along the Y-axis direction.
In the above circuit board layout structure, the first rectifying tube group and the second rectifying tube group are symmetrically arranged with respect to the first inductor.
The above circuit board layout structure further comprises:
the third switching tube group is arranged on the circuit board P and is positioned on one side of the transformer unit along the X-axis direction;
the third rectifying tube group is arranged on the circuit board P and is positioned on the other side of the transformer unit along the X-axis direction; and
the second inductor is disposed on the circuit board P and between the second rectifying tube group and the third rectifying tube group, wherein the third switching tube group and the first switching tube group and the second switching tube group are disposed on the same side of the transformer unit along the Y-axis direction, and the third rectifying tube group and the first rectifying tube group and the second rectifying tube group are disposed on the same side of the transformer unit along the Y-axis direction.
The above circuit board layout structure further comprises:
at least one third switch tube group is arranged on the circuit board P and is positioned on one side of the transformer unit along the X-axis direction;
at least one third rectifying tube group is arranged on the circuit board P and is positioned on the other side of the transformer unit along the X-axis direction; and
and each third inductor is arranged between every two adjacent third rectifying tube groups.
In the above circuit board layout structure, the transformer unit and the first inductor are integrated into a magnetic element.
In the above circuit board layout structure, the transformer unit, the first inductor and the second inductor are integrated into a magnetic element.
In the above circuit board layout structure, the transformer unit, the first inductor, the second inductor and at least one third inductor are integrated into a magnetic element.
Aiming at the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the inductor is arranged between the two secondary side rectifying circuit branches, so that the radiation interference is reduced, the common-mode current is reduced, and the electromagnetic interference (EMI) performance is improved. Meanwhile, based on the circuit structure, the whole direct current-to-direct current converter circuit is more symmetrical on the layout structure of the circuit board, the space utilization rate and the design of the radiating fins are improved, and the power density of a product is improved. Under appropriate circumstances, the transformer and the inductor can be integrated, so that the space utilization rate is further improved, and the power density is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art DC-to-DC converter circuit;
FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram of the circuit of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a DC-to-DC converter circuit according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram of the circuit of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5a is a waveform diagram of the secondary side circuit of FIG. 3 when the duty cycle is 25%;
FIG. 5b is a waveform diagram of the secondary side circuit of FIG. 3 when the duty cycle is 50%;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a DC-to-DC converter circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a DC-to-DC converter circuit according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a DC-to-DC converter circuit according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating a circuit board layout structure of a DC-to-DC converter circuit according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a second embodiment of a circuit board layout structure of a DC-to-DC converter circuit according to the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a circuit board layout structure of a dc-dc converter circuit according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein the reference numerals are:
s1: first power supply side
S2: second power supply side
11. 21: first branch
12. 22: second branch
24: third branch
111. 211: first transformer
112. 212, and (3): first primary side switch circuit
113. 213: first secondary rectifier circuit
121. 221: second transformer
122. 222: second primary side switch circuit
123. 223: second secondary side rectification circuit
241: third transformer
242: third primary side switch circuit
243: third secondary rectifier circuit
K1-K12: switch tube
M1-M12: rectifier tube
231: first inductor
232: second inductor
2111: transformer unit
2112: magnetic element
A: first connecting point
B: second connecting point
C: third connecting point
D: fourth connecting point
E: fifth connection point
F: sixth connection point
P: circuit board
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and with reference to the following figures: the embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical scheme of the invention, and the implementation mode and the operation process are given, but the protection scope of the invention is not limited by the following embodiments.
In particular, the numerical values, values equal to or "═ in the present invention may have an error of 5%; preferably, there may be a 10% error; more preferably, there may be a 20% error.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a dc-to-dc converter circuit according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the dc-to-dc converter circuit of the present invention is electrically connected between the first power source side S1 and the second power source side S2, and includes: the first branch 21, the second branch 22 and the first inductor 231, the primary sides of the first branch 21 and the second branch 22 are coupled to the first power source side S1, the secondary sides of the first branch 21 and the second branch 22 are connected in series through the first inductor 231, and the secondary sides of the first branch 21 and the second branch 22 are further coupled to the second power source side S2.
Wherein the first branch 21 comprises: a first transformer 211, a first primary side switching circuit 212, and a first secondary side rectifying circuit 213; the first transformer 211 comprises a primary winding and a secondary winding; one end of the first primary side switching circuit 212 is electrically connected to the primary side winding of the first transformer 211, and the other end of the first primary side switching circuit 212 is electrically connected to the first power supply side S1; one end of the first secondary rectification circuit 213 is electrically connected to the secondary winding of the first transformer 211, and the other end of the first secondary rectification circuit 213 is electrically connected to the second power source side S2 and the first inductor 231, respectively. The second branch 22 comprises: a second transformer 221, a second primary side switching circuit 222, and a second secondary side rectifying circuit 223; the second transformer 221 includes a primary winding and a secondary winding; one end of the second primary side switching circuit 222 is electrically connected to the primary side winding of the second transformer 221, and the other end of the second primary side switching circuit 222 is electrically connected to the first power supply side S1; one end of the second secondary rectification circuit 223 is electrically connected to the secondary winding of the second transformer 221, and the other end of the second secondary rectification circuit 223 is electrically connected to the second power source side S2 and the first inductor 231, that is, the second secondary rectification circuit 223 is connected in series to the first secondary rectification circuit 213 through the first inductor 231. The first branch 21 and the second branch 22 are both half-bridge topology structures, but the invention is not limited thereto. When the circuit works, alternating current impedance of the first inductor 231 is arranged between the first connection point A and the second connection point B of the secondary winding of the first secondary rectification circuit 213 and the first transformer 211 and between the second secondary rectification circuit 223 and the third connection point C and the fourth connection point D of the secondary winding of the second transformer 221, so that the voltages of the first connection point A and the second connection point B are not superposed with the jump voltages of the third connection point C and the fourth connection point D any more, and the voltage jump frequency of the first connection point A and the second connection point B is reduced.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a waveform diagram of the circuit of fig. 3. Comparing fig. 4 and fig. 3, it can be seen that, based on the circuit structure of the present invention, the jump voltages of the first connection point a and the second connection point B are no longer superposed with the jump voltages of the third connection point C and the fourth connection point D, so as to reduce the voltage jump frequency of the first connection point a and the second connection point B, and thus the jump frequency of the voltages of the first connection point a and the second connection point B is 1 time of the primary switching frequency, thereby reducing the radiation interference, reducing the common mode current, and improving the electromagnetic interference (EMI) performance.
Further, the first primary side switching circuit 212 of the first branch 21 includes two switching tubes K1 and K3, the second primary side switching circuit 222 of the second branch 22 includes two switching tubes K2 and K4, a phase difference θ between driving signals of switching tubes at the same position of the first primary side switching circuit 212 and the second primary side switching circuit 222 is 180 °/S, where S is the number of branches, that is, a phase difference θ between driving signals of switching tube K1 and switching tube K2 is 180 °/S, and a phase difference θ between driving signals of switching tube K3 and switching tube K4 is 180 °/S, where S is 2 in this embodiment, and it should be noted that the number of branches is not limited in the present invention.
Further, referring to fig. 3 and fig. 5a and 5b, fig. 5a is a waveform diagram of the secondary circuit in fig. 3 when the duty ratio is 25%, and fig. 5b is a waveform diagram of the secondary circuit in fig. 3 when the duty ratio is 50%. When the duty ratio is 25% or 50%, the voltage difference across the first inductor 231 is zero volts, thereby obtaining an output current with zero ripple. As shown in fig. 5a and 5b, when the duty ratio of the primary side switching circuit 212 and the primary side switching circuit 222 is 25% or 50%, the converter circuit of the present invention can obtain a current output with zero current ripple on the secondary side, and the internal current of the zero ripple has a smaller effective value, so as to directly reduce the conduction loss of components and the copper loss of the transformer; meanwhile, the zero-ripple current has smaller high-frequency component and skin effect, so that the copper loss of each part in the converter circuit from direct current to direct current is reduced, and the turn-off loss of the primary side switching tube is also greatly reduced. Of course, the duty cycles of the first primary side switching circuit 212 and the second primary side switching circuit 222 can also vary within a certain range, for example, 20% to 30% or 45% to 50%. Furthermore, when the duty ratio is 20-30% or 45-50%, the ripple of the control dead zone can be filtered out by using the stray inductor and the smaller input/output capacitor in the circuit due to the internal current capable of reaching the zero ripple of the first inductor 231, and at this time, the first inductor 231 can be removed in the circuit design, so that most layout space is saved on the circuit board layout structure of the dc-dc converter circuit and is distributed to the power switch element and the main transformer, and the power density of the product is directly and greatly improved.
It should be noted that the number of the first branch 21 and the second branch 22 is not limited in the present invention. Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a dc-to-dc converter circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The converter circuit shown in fig. 6 has substantially the same structure as the converter circuit shown in fig. 3, and therefore the same parts are not described herein again, and the differences will now be described below. The converter circuit shown in fig. 6 further includes a third branch 24 and a second inductor 232, the primary sides of the first branch 21, the second branch 22 and the third branch 24 are electrically connected and then coupled to the first power source side S1, the secondary sides of the first branch 21 and the second branch 22 are connected in series through the first inductor 231, the secondary sides of the second branch 22 and the third branch 24 are connected in series through the second inductor 232, and the secondary sides of the first branch 21, the second branch 22 and the third branch 24 are further coupled to the second power source side S2.
Wherein the third branch 24 comprises: a third transformer 241, a third primary side switching circuit 242, and a third secondary side rectifying circuit 243; the third transformer 241 includes a primary winding and a secondary winding; one end of the third primary side switch circuit 242 is electrically connected to the primary winding of the third transformer 241, and the other end of the third primary side switch circuit 242 is electrically connected to the first power supply side S1; one end of the third secondary rectification circuit 243 is electrically connected to the secondary winding of the third transformer 241, the other end of the third secondary rectification circuit 243 is electrically connected to the second power source side S2 and the second inductor 232, and the second inductor 232 is further electrically connected to the second secondary rectification circuit 223. The first branch 21, the second branch 22 and the third branch are all half-bridge topologies, but the invention is not limited thereto. In this embodiment, when the circuit is in operation, an ac impedance of the second inductor 232 is provided between the third connection point C and the fourth connection point D of the secondary winding of the second transformer 221 and the third connection point C and the fourth connection point D of the secondary winding of the second secondary rectification circuit 223 and the fifth connection point E and the sixth connection point F of the secondary winding of the third transformer 241, so that the jump voltages of the third connection point C and the fourth connection point D are not superimposed on the jump voltages of the fifth connection point E and the sixth connection point F, thereby reducing the voltage jump frequency of the third connection point C and the fourth connection point D, and reducing the voltage jump frequency of the first connection point a and the second connection point B. Therefore, the radiation interference is reduced, the common-mode current is reduced, and the electromagnetic interference (EMI) performance is improved. It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the second branch 22 or the third branch 24 can be selectively turned off to reduce the idle loss and achieve a wider input/output voltage range.
Further, the first primary side switching circuit 212 of the first branch 21 includes two switching tubes K1, K3, the second primary side switching circuit 222 of the second branch 22 includes two switching tubes K2, K4, the third primary side switching circuit 242 of the third branch 24 includes two switching tubes K5, K6, a phase difference θ between driving signals of the switching tubes at the same position of the first primary side switching circuit 212, the second primary side switching circuit 222, and the third primary side switching circuit 242 is 180 °/S, where S is the number of branches, that is, a phase difference θ between driving signals of the switching tube K1, the switching tube K2, and the switching tube K5 is 180 °/S, and a phase difference θ between driving signals of the switching tube K3, the switching tube K4, and the switching tube K6 is 180 °/S, where S is 3 in this embodiment, and it is noted that the number of branches is not limited by the present invention.
When the duty ratio is 25% or 50%, the voltage difference between the voltages of the first inductor 231 and the second inductor 232 is zero volts, so that the output current with zero ripple is obtained. According to the converter circuit, when the duty ratios of the first primary side switch circuit 212, the second primary side switch circuit 222 and the third primary side switch circuit 242 are 25% or 50%, the circuit can obtain zero current ripple current output on the secondary side, and the internal current of the zero ripple has a smaller effective value, so that the conduction loss of components and the copper loss of a transformer are directly reduced; meanwhile, zero ripple current has smaller high-frequency component and skin effect, so that copper loss of each part in a converter circuit for converting direct current into direct current is reduced, and turn-off loss of a primary side switching tube is greatly reduced. Of course, the duty cycles of the first primary side switching circuit 212, the second primary side switching circuit 222, and the third primary side switching circuit 242 may also vary within a certain range, for example, 20% to 30% or 45% to 50%. Furthermore, when the duty ratio is 20-30% or 45-50%, because the internal current of the zero ripple of the first inductor 231 and the second inductor 232 can be reached, the ripple of the control dead zone can be filtered out by using the stray inductor and the smaller input and output capacitor in the circuit, and at the moment, the first inductor 231 and the second inductor 232 can be removed in the circuit design, so that most layout space is saved on the circuit board layout structure of the converter circuit for converting the direct current into the direct current and is distributed to the power switch element and the main transformer, and the power density of the product is directly and greatly improved.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the converter circuit may further include a plurality of third branches 24 and a plurality of third inductors (not shown), a structure and a connection manner of each third branch 24 are the same as those of the third branch shown in fig. 6, each two adjacent third secondary side rectification circuits 243 are connected in series through the third inductors, and a working principle of the third inductors is the same as that of the first inductors 231 and the second inductors 232, which is not described herein again.
Further, the first primary side switching circuit 212 of the first branch 21 includes two switching tubes K1, K3, the second primary side switching circuit 222 of the second branch 22 includes two switching tubes K2, K4, the third primary side switching circuit 242 of each third branch 24 includes two switching tubes K5, K6, a phase difference θ between driving signals of the switching tubes at the same position of the first primary side switching circuit 212, the second primary side switching circuit 222, and the third primary side switching circuit 242 is 180 °/S, where S is the number of branches, that is, a phase difference θ between driving signals of the switching tubes K1, the switching tube K2, and each switching tube K5 is 180 °/S, and a phase difference θ between driving signals of the switching tubes K3, the switching tube K4, and each switching tube K6 is 180 °/S.
When the duty ratio is 25% or 50%, the voltage difference between the voltages at the two ends of the first inductor 231, the second inductor 232 and the plurality of third inductors is zero volts, so that the output current with zero ripple is obtained. According to the converter circuit, when the duty ratio of the first primary side switch circuit 212, the second primary side switch circuit 222 and the plurality of third primary side switch circuits 242 is 25% or 50%, the circuit can obtain the output current of zero current ripple on the secondary side, and the internal current of the zero ripple has a smaller effective value, so that the conduction loss of components and the copper loss of a transformer are directly reduced; meanwhile, zero ripple current has smaller high-frequency component and skin effect, so that copper loss of each part in a converter circuit for converting direct current into direct current is reduced, and turn-off loss of a primary side switching tube is greatly reduced. Of course, the duty cycles of the first primary side switching circuit 212, the second primary side switching circuit 222, and the plurality of third primary side switching circuits 242 may also vary within a range, for example, 20% to 30% or 45% to 50%. Furthermore, when the duty ratio is 20-30% or 45-50%, because the internal current of the first inductor 231, the second inductor 232 and the plurality of third inductors can reach zero ripple, the ripple of the control dead zone can be filtered out by using the stray inductor and the smaller input and output capacitor in the circuit, and at the moment, the first inductor 231, the second inductor 232 and the third inductor can be removed in the circuit design, so that most layout space is saved on the circuit board layout structure of the converter circuit for converting the direct current into the direct current and is distributed to the power switch element and the main transformer, and the power density of the product is directly and greatly improved.
It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the second branch 22 or the at least one third branch 24 can be selectively turned off to reduce the idle loss and achieve a wider input/output voltage range.
Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a dc-to-dc converter circuit according to a third embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 7, the first branch 21 and the second branch 22 are both active clamping forward topologies, the primary side of the first branch 21 is electrically connected to the first power side S1, and the primary side of the second branch 22 is electrically connected to the first power side S1; the secondary sides of the first branch circuit 21 and the second branch circuit 22 are connected in series through a first inductor 231, and the secondary sides of the first branch circuit 21 and the second branch circuit 22 are further coupled to the second power source side S2.
Further, the first primary side switching circuit 212 of the first branch 21 includes two switching tubes K1 and K3, the second primary side switching circuit 222 of the second branch 22 includes two switching tubes K2 and K4, a phase difference θ between driving signals of switching tubes at the same position of the first primary side switching circuit 212 and the second primary side switching circuit 222 is 180 °/S, where S is the number of branches, that is, a phase difference θ between driving signals of switching tube K1 and switching tube K2 is 180 °/S, and a phase difference θ between driving signals of switching tube K3 and switching tube K4 is 180 °/S, where S is 2 in this embodiment, and it should be noted that the number of branches is not limited in the present invention.
The operation principle of the converter circuit shown in fig. 7 is the same as that of the converter circuit in the previous embodiment, and thus, the description thereof is omitted. It should be noted that, based on the converter circuit shown in fig. 7, the withstand voltage of the synchronous rectification switch is reduced, the output inductor size is reduced, and especially when the duty ratio of the first primary-side switching circuit 212 and the second primary-side switching circuit 222 is equal to 50%, the converter circuit operates in a zero-ripple operating state, and the product efficiency and the power density are greatly increased.
Referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a dc-to-dc converter circuit according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 8, in the present embodiment, the first branch 21 and the second branch 22 are both in a full-bridge topology, the primary side of the first branch 21 is electrically connected to the first power side S1, and the primary side of the second branch 22 is electrically connected to the first power side S1; the secondary sides of the first branch circuit 21 and the second branch circuit 22 are connected in series through a first inductor 231, and the secondary sides of the first branch circuit 21 and the second branch circuit 22 are further coupled to the second power source side S2. The operation principle of the converter circuit shown in fig. 8 is the same as that of the converter circuit in the previous embodiment, and thus, the description thereof is omitted.
Referring to fig. 9, fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a circuit board layout structure of a dc-dc converter circuit according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 9, the circuit board layout structure of the dc-dc converter circuit of the present invention includes: the circuit board P, the transformer unit 2111, the first switching tube group 2121, the first rectifying tube group 2131, the second switching tube group 2221, the second rectifying tube group 2231 and the first inductor 231; the circuit board P has an X-axis direction and a Y-axis direction perpendicular to the X-axis direction; a transformer unit 2111 disposed on the circuit board P; the first switching tube group 2121 is disposed on the circuit board P and located on one side of the transformer unit 2111 in the X-axis direction; the first rectifying tube group 2131 is disposed on the circuit board P and located on the other side of the transformer unit 2111 in the X-axis direction; the second switching tube group 2221 is disposed on the circuit board P and located on one side of the transformer unit 2111 in the X-axis direction; the second rectifying tube group 2231 is disposed on the circuit board P and on the other side of the transformer unit 2111 in the X-axis direction; the first switching tube group 2121 and the second switching tube group 2221 are disposed on the same side of the transformer unit 2111 in the Y-axis direction, and the first rectifying tube group 2131 and the second rectifying tube group 2231 are disposed on the same side of the transformer unit 2111 in the Y-axis direction; the first inductor 231 is disposed on the circuit board P and located between the first rectifying tube set 2131 and the second rectifying tube set 2231. The first switching tube group 2121, the transformer unit 2111, and the first rectifying tube group 2131 form a first branch 21, and the second switching tube group 2221, the transformer unit 2111, and the second rectifying tube group 2231 form a second branch 22. The specific structure and connection relationship of the first branch 21 and the second branch 22 are the same as those of the first branch 21 and the second branch 22 shown in fig. 3, and are not described herein again.
Further, the first switching tube set 2121 forms a first primary side switching circuit 212 of the first branch 21, the first switching tube set 2121 includes switching tubes K1, K3, K5, and K6, the switching tubes K1, K3, K5, and K6 are electrically connected to the transformer unit 2111, the first rectifying tube set 2131 forms a first secondary rectifying circuit 213 of the first branch 21, the first rectifying tube set 2131 includes rectifying tubes M1, M2, M3, and M4, and the rectifying tubes M1, M2, M3, and M4 are electrically connected to the transformer unit 2111; the second switching tube set 2221 forms the second primary side switching circuit 222 of the second branch 22, the second switching tube set 2221 includes switching tubes K2, K4, K7 and K8, the switching tubes K2, K4, K7 and K8 are electrically connected to the transformer unit 2111, the second rectifying tube set 2231 forms the second secondary side rectifying circuit 223 of the second branch 22, the second rectifying tube set 2231 includes rectifying tubes M5, M6, M7 and M8, and the rectifying tubes M5, M6, M7 and M8 are electrically connected to the transformer unit 2111. In this way, the connection path between the components of the first branch 21 and the second branch 22 is made shortest, the power loss of the converter circuit is reduced, and the efficiency of the converter circuit is improved; in addition, the first switch tube group 2121, the second switch tube group 2221, the first rectifying tube group 2131, the second rectifying tube group 2231 and other power devices are respectively disposed on two sides of the transformer unit 2111, and the first rectifying tube group 2131 and the second rectifying tube group 2231 are symmetrically disposed with respect to the first inductor 231, so that the whole dc-dc converter circuit is more symmetrical in layout structure of the circuit board, the space utilization rate is improved, cold air convection is facilitated, the heat dissipation design is facilitated, and the power density of the product is improved.
In the present embodiment, it is preferable that the first transformer 211 and the second transformer 221 are integrated into the transformer unit 2111, but the invention is not limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 10, fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a circuit board layout structure of a dc-dc converter circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 10, the circuit board layout structure of the present invention further includes a third branch 24 and a second inductor 232, and the third switch tube group 2421 is disposed on the circuit board P and located at one side of the transformer unit 2111 along the X-axis direction; the third rectifying tube group 2431 is disposed on the circuit board P and located on the other side of the transformer unit 2111 in the X-axis direction; the third switching tube group 2421, the first switching tube group 2121, and the second switching tube group 2221 are disposed on the same side of the transformer unit 2111 in the Y-axis direction, and the third rectifying tube group 2431, the first rectifying tube group 2131, and the second rectifying tube group 2231 are disposed on the same side of the transformer unit 2111 in the Y-axis direction; the second inductor 232 is disposed on the circuit board P and located between the second rectifying tube set 2231 and the third rectifying tube set 2431. The specific structures and connection relationships of the first branch 21, the second branch 22, and the third branch 24 are the same as those of the first branch 21, the second branch 22, and the third branch 24 shown in fig. 6, and are not repeated here.
Further, the third switching tube group 2421 forms a third primary side switching circuit 242 of the third branch 24, the third switching tube group 2421 includes switching tubes K9, K10, K11 and K12, the switching tubes K9, K10, K11 and K12 are electrically connected to the transformer unit 2111, the third rectifying tube group 2431 forms a third secondary side rectifying circuit 243 of the third branch 24, the third rectifying tube group 2431 includes rectifying tubes M9, M10, M11 and M12, and the rectifying tubes M9, M10, M11 and M12 are electrically connected to the transformer unit 2111. Therefore, the connection path among the elements of the first branch 21, the second branch 22 and the third branch 24 is shortest, the power loss of the converter circuit is reduced, the efficiency of the converter circuit is improved, the whole direct current to direct current converter circuit is more symmetrical on the layout structure of the circuit board, the space utilization rate is improved, cold air convection is facilitated, heat dissipation design is facilitated, and the power density of a product is improved.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment, it is a preferred embodiment to integrate the first transformer 211, the second transformer 221 and the third transformer 241 into the transformer unit 2111, but the invention is not limited thereto.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the present invention may further include a plurality of third branches 24 and at least one third inductor, and each third inductor is disposed between two adjacent third secondary side rectifying circuits 243 along the Y-axis direction.
Referring to fig. 11, fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a circuit board layout structure of a dc-dc converter circuit according to a third embodiment of the present invention. The circuit board layout structure shown in fig. 11 is substantially the same as the circuit board layout structure shown in fig. 9, and therefore the same parts are not repeated herein, and the differences will be described below.
It should be noted that, in other embodiments of the present invention, the first transformer 211, the second transformer 221, the at least one third transformer 241, the first inductor 231, the second inductor 232, and the at least one third inductor may be integrated into a magnetic element.
In summary, the inductor is placed between the two secondary side rectifying circuits, so that the radiation interference is reduced, the common-mode current is reduced, and the electromagnetic interference (EMI) performance is improved. Meanwhile, based on the circuit structure, the whole direct current-to-direct current converter circuit is more symmetrical in the layout structure of the circuit board, the space utilization rate is improved, the heat dissipation design is easy, and the power density of a product is improved. Under appropriate circumstances, the transformer and the inductor can be integrated, so that the space utilization rate is further improved, and the power density is increased.
It should be noted that: the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention, and do not limit the technical solutions described in the present invention; meanwhile, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be modified and equivalents may be substituted; therefore, all technical solutions and modifications which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be construed as being included in the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (17)
1. A DC-to-DC converter circuit is electrically connected between a first power supply side and a second power supply side, wherein the converter circuit comprises a first branch, a second branch and a removable first inductor, primary sides of the first branch and the second branch are coupled to the first power supply side, a removable first inductor is connected in series only between the secondary sides of the first and second branches, so as to reduce the radiation interference, the secondary sides of the first branch and the second branch are coupled to the second power supply side, the primary side switching circuit of the first branch circuit and the primary side switching circuit of the second branch circuit have a duty ratio, the duty ratio is set so that the first branch circuit and the second branch circuit output zero-ripple output current, and the duty ratio is any value between 20% and 30% or between 45% and 50%.
2. The converter circuit of claim 1, wherein the first branch comprises:
the first transformer comprises a primary winding and a secondary winding;
one end of the first primary side switching circuit is electrically connected to the primary side winding of the first transformer, and the other end of the first primary side switching circuit is electrically connected to the first power supply side;
one end of the first secondary rectifying circuit is electrically connected to the secondary winding of the first transformer, and the other end of the first secondary rectifying circuit is electrically connected to the second power supply side and one end of the first inductor respectively;
the second branch comprises:
the second transformer comprises a primary winding and a secondary winding;
one end of the second primary side switching circuit is electrically connected to the primary side winding of the second transformer, and the other end of the second primary side switching circuit is electrically connected to the first power supply side;
and one end of the second secondary rectifying circuit is electrically connected to the secondary winding of the second transformer, and the other end of the second secondary rectifying circuit is electrically connected to the second power supply side and the other end of the first inductor.
3. The converter circuit according to claim 2, wherein the first secondary rectifying circuit and the secondary winding of the first transformer form a first connection point and a second connection point, the second secondary rectifying circuit and the secondary winding of the second transformer form a third connection point and a fourth connection point, and when the converter circuit is in operation, the first connection point, the second connection point, the third connection point and the fourth connection point have an ac impedance of the first inductor therebetween, so that the voltages at the first connection point and the second connection point are no longer superimposed on the transition voltages at the third connection point and the fourth connection point.
4. The converter circuit of claim 2 wherein the first secondary rectification circuit forms a first connection point and a second connection point with the secondary winding of the first transformer, and wherein the first connection point and the second connection point have a voltage jump frequency that is 1 times a switching frequency of the first primary switching circuit and the second primary switching circuit when the converter circuit is in operation.
5. The converter circuit of claim 2, further comprising:
a second inductor; and
a third leg, the third leg comprising:
the third transformer comprises a primary winding and a secondary winding;
one end of the third primary side switching circuit is electrically connected to the primary side winding of the third transformer, and the other end of the third primary side switching circuit is electrically connected to the first power supply side;
and one end of the third secondary rectifying circuit is electrically connected to the secondary winding of the third transformer, the other end of the third secondary rectifying circuit is electrically connected to the second power supply side and one end of the second inductor, and the other end of the second inductor is electrically connected to the second secondary rectifying circuit.
6. The converter circuit according to claim 5, further comprising at least one of said third branches and at least one third inductor, each adjacent two of said third secondary rectifying circuits being connected in series through one of said third inductors.
7. The converter circuit according to claim 2, wherein each of the first and second primary side switching circuits comprises a plurality of switching tubes, and a phase difference θ between driving signals of the switching tubes at the same position of the first and second primary side switching circuits is 180 °/S, where S is the number of branches.
8. The converter circuit according to claim 6, wherein each of the first, second and third primary side switching circuits comprises a plurality of switching tubes, and the phase difference θ between the driving signals of the switching tubes at the same position of the first, second and third primary side switching circuits is 180 °/S, where S is the number of the branches.
9. The converter circuit of claim 1, wherein the first leg and the second leg are one of a half-bridge topology, a full-bridge topology, and a forward topology.
10. The converter circuit of claim 5, wherein the first and second legs and the third leg are one of a half-bridge topology, a full-bridge topology, and a forward topology.
11. A circuit board layout structure comprising a dc-to-dc converter circuit according to any of claims 1-10, comprising:
a circuit board having an X-axis direction and a Y-axis direction perpendicular to the X-axis direction;
a transformer unit disposed on the circuit board;
the first switch tube group is arranged on the circuit board and is positioned on one side of the transformer unit along the X-axis direction;
the first rectifying tube group is arranged on the circuit board and is positioned on the other side of the transformer unit along the X-axis direction;
the second switch tube group is arranged on the circuit board and is positioned on one side of the transformer unit along the X-axis direction;
the second rectifying tube group is arranged on the circuit board and is positioned on the other side of the transformer unit along the X-axis direction; and
the first inductor is arranged on the circuit board and located between the first rectifying tube group and the second rectifying tube group, wherein the first switching tube group and the second switching tube group are arranged on the same side of the transformer unit along the Y-axis direction, and the first rectifying tube group and the second rectifying tube group are arranged on the same side of the transformer unit along the Y-axis direction.
12. The circuit board arrangement structure of claim 11, wherein the first rectifier cell group and the second rectifier cell group are symmetrically disposed with respect to the first inductor.
13. The circuit board layout structure of claim 12 further comprising:
the third switching tube group is arranged on the circuit board and is positioned on one side of the transformer unit along the X-axis direction;
the third rectifying tube group is arranged on the circuit board and is positioned on the other side of the transformer unit along the X-axis direction; and
the second inductor is arranged on the circuit board and located between the second rectifying tube group and the third rectifying tube group, wherein the third switching tube group, the first switching tube group and the second switching tube group are arranged on the same side of the transformer unit along the Y-axis direction, and the third rectifying tube group, the first rectifying tube group and the second rectifying tube group are arranged on the same side of the transformer unit along the Y-axis direction.
14. The circuit board layout structure of claim 13 further comprising:
at least one third switch tube group is arranged on the circuit board and is positioned on one side of the transformer unit along the X-axis direction;
at least one third rectifying tube group is arranged on the circuit board and is positioned on the other side of the transformer unit along the X-axis direction; and
and each third inductor is arranged between every two adjacent third rectifying tube groups.
15. The circuit board layout structure of claim 11 wherein the transformer unit is integrated with the first inductor as a magnetic element.
16. The circuit board layout structure of claim 13, wherein the transformer unit and the first and second inductors are integrated as a magnetic element.
17. The circuit board layout structure of claim 14 wherein the transformer unit is integrated with the first inductor, the second inductor and at least one of the third inductors as a magnetic element.
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| US16/001,956 US10601325B2 (en) | 2017-06-09 | 2018-06-07 | DC-to-dC converter circuit and circuit board layout structure for the same |
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| CN201710433641X | 2017-06-09 | ||
| CN201710433641 | 2017-06-09 |
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| CN113839561A (en) * | 2019-02-03 | 2021-12-24 | 台达电子工业股份有限公司 | DC/DC conversion system |
| CN109889049B (en) | 2019-03-08 | 2021-04-13 | 台达电子企业管理（上海）有限公司 | Method and device for controlling DC/DC converter |
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| JP2017077114A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2017-04-20 | 富士電機株式会社 | Power converter |
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| CN103782355B (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2016-08-17 | 丹麦科技大学 | Integrated magnetics |
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| JP2001211645A (en) * | 2000-01-25 | 2001-08-03 | Hitachi Ltd | Direct-current power supply |
| CN1780520A (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2006-05-31 | 电灯专利信托有限公司 | Converter circuit having class E converter modules |
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