CN108947570A - A kind of porous ceramics microballoon and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of porous ceramics microballoon and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of porous ceramics microballoon and preparation method thereof, wherein, porous ceramics microballoon contains aluminium oxide and enhancing ceramic composition, the enhancing ceramic composition contains zirconium oxide and cerium oxide, the aperture of the porous ceramics microballoon is 20-50nm, the porosity is 40~60%, sphere diameter 0.2-0.4mm.Porous ceramics microballoon intensity with higher according to an embodiment of the present invention, sphericity is high, and air vent aperture is evenly distributed, and can be widely applied for catalyst carrier, heat-insulated or heat preservation filler.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation field of ceramic catalyst carrier, more particularly, to a kind of porous ceramics microballoon and its
Preparation method.
Background technique
Porous ceramics is the new ceramic material that a kind of density is small, the porosity is high.Porous ceramics combines porous material
The physical and chemical stability of high-specific surface area and ceramic material, it has, and high temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant, chemical stability is good, mechanical strong
The features such as high is spent, the fields such as metallurgy, chemical industry, environmental protection, the energy and bioengineering are widely used in, is used as catalyst carrier, two-phase
Separation, heat-insulated and sound-absorbing material.
Porous ceramics microballoon has higher specific surface area, there is higher packed density in the reaction vessel.As catalysis
Agent carrier is conducive to catalysis reaction more evenly after supported catalyst.The method of preparation Ceramic Balls is mainly rolling method at present, this
The microballoon sphere diameter of kind method preparation is unevenly distributed, and needs to carry out regrading, qualification rate is low.Chemical field uses traditional liquid
Ammonia column hair prepares porous oxidation aluminium ball, but the diameter of balling-up is not suitable for preparation 0.5mm microballoon below, separately all in grade
The intensity of outer balling-up is lower, easy to break under flowing, vibration and load situation.Therefore need a kind of sphere diameter is small, the porosity is high,
The high porous ceramics microballoon of intensity and preparation method.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of porous ceramics microballoon, ceramic microsphere intensity with higher, air vent aperture
Uniformly and aperture is larger, and the porosity is higher, improves permeability and mechanical strength, can be widely used in the two of every field
Mutually separate.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation methods of porous ceramics microballoon.
Porous ceramics microballoon according to an embodiment of the present invention, containing aluminium oxide and enhancing ceramic composition, the enhancing ceramics
Component contains zirconium oxide and cerium oxide.
The aperture of the porous ceramics microballoon is 20~50nm, and the porosity is 40~60%, and sphere diameter is 0.2~0.4mm.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the aluminium oxide and the enhancing ceramic composition is 4:(0.8~1.2).
Preferably, the mass ratio of zirconium oxide described in the enhancing ceramic composition and the cerium oxide is (3~1): (1~
3)。
The preparation method of the porous ceramics microballoon of embodiment according to a second aspect of the present invention, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, alumina precursor colloidal sol is provided；
Step 2, enhancing ceramic composition and pore creating material are made into aqueous dispersions, in the aqueous dispersions, the aluminium oxide with
The mass ratio of the enhancing ceramic composition is 4:(0.8~1.2), the enhancing ceramic composition contains zirconia powder and cerium oxide
The mass ratio of powder, zirconium oxide described in the enhancing ceramic composition and the cerium oxide is (3~1): (1~3).
Step 3, the aqueous dispersions are added in the alumina precursor colloidal sol, it is molten is uniformly mixing to obtain mixing
Glue；
Step 4, the mixed sols is instilled in oil-ammonia column to form spherical gel particles, it is aged to obtain ball base；
Step 5, the ball base is dry, sintering, obtains porous ceramics microballoon.
Preferably, the average grain diameter of the zirconia powder and cerium oxide powder is 30-50nm.
Preferably, in the water dispersion solution, the pore creating material is that polystyrene microsphere, polyethylene microballoon, polypropylene are micro-
One or more of ball, the mass percentage of the pore creating material are 5wt%~10wt%.
Preferably, the partial size of the pore creating material is 30-60nm.
Preferably, the alumina precursor colloidal sol, the oxygen are prepared using boehmite and nitric acid in the step 1
Change the aluminium content in aluminium precursor sol, concentration is 5~10wt% in terms of aluminium oxide.
Preferably, in the step 4, the concentration of the ammonium hydroxide in the oil-ammonia column is 20~28%, ammonia temperature is 20~
32 DEG C, the digestion time is 0.5~2h.
Preferably, the ball base in the step 5 is drying temperature 60 after 1~2 DEG C/min heats up with heating rate
~80 DEG C and 5~8h of holding.
Preferably, the step 5 includes:
The ball base is kept the temperature and is kept the temperature 1h from room temperature to 150~200 DEG C with 1 DEG C/min of heating rate with drying,
Hereafter 400~600 DEG C are warming up to 1.5 DEG C/min of heating rate and keep the temperature 2h to remove pore creating material, hereafter with heating rate for 3
DEG C/min is warming up to 800~1200 DEG C and keeps the temperature 2h to be sintered.
Above-mentioned technical proposal of the invention one of at least has the advantages that:
Porous ceramics microballoon according to an embodiment of the present invention, due to having used enhancing ceramic composition, intensity with higher
And toughness, excellent in mechanical performance；
Porous ceramics microballoon according to an embodiment of the present invention, air vent aperture is uniform, and aperture is larger, and the porosity is higher, and
It can be regulated and controled by the selection of pore creating material；
Porous ceramics microballoon according to an embodiment of the present invention is 0.2~0.4mm of sphere diameter, is highly suitable as petroleum cracking
Or hydrogen oxygen recombination catalyst carrier, heat-insulated or heat preservation filler；
In addition, the preparation method of porous ceramics microballoon according to an embodiment of the present invention, simple and easy, and it is able to produce out grain
The small microparticle up to 0.2~0.4mm of diameter, and uniform particle sizes are suitble to large-scale production.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the preparation method of porous ceramics of embodiment of the present invention microballoon.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
Attached drawing, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described.Obviously, described embodiment is this hair
Bright a part of the embodiment, instead of all the embodiments.Based on described the embodiment of the present invention, ordinary skill
Personnel's every other embodiment obtained, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Porous ceramics microballoon according to an embodiment of the present invention is specifically described in conjunction with attached drawing first below.
As shown in Figure 1, porous ceramics microballoon according to an embodiment of the present invention, contains aluminium oxide and enhancing ceramic composition, institute
It states enhancing ceramic composition and contains zirconium oxide and cerium oxide.
Wherein, aluminium oxide, zirconium oxide and cerium oxide can be commercially available or pass through known to those of skill in the art
Preparation method obtains.
Wherein, aluminium oxide is not soluble in water, and water imbibition is very strong, there is strong adsorption capacity and a catalytic activity, and its sintering temperature compared with
It is low, the carrier of catalyst is highly suitable as to improve the activity of catalyst, and then improves the catalytic effect of catalyst.However,
Due to simple aluminum oxide porous ball, mechanical strength is very low, therefore it is used and popularization is very limited.For this purpose, this hair
In bright, enhancing ceramic composition has been used.
The hardness of zirconium oxide is 7.5, and has very high mechanical strength, can effectively improve the machinery of porous ceramics microballoon
Intensity.On the other hand, cerium oxide performance is stablized, and does not chemically react with water and organic matter, has preferable oxidisability and suction
Attached property can improve the thermal stability and structural stability of aluminium oxide to alumina modified, it is micro- to further increase porous ceramics
While the mechanical strength of ball, toughness, when aluminum oxide porous ball is as catalyst carrier, additionally aids and further increase catalysis
The stability of agent.
In the embodiment of the present invention, by adding suitable zirconium oxide and cerium oxide, stabilization is played during gel drying
The effect of ball blank structure, while the mechanical strength of aluminum oxide porous ball, toughness can be enhanced, and the heat for improving aluminium oxide is steady
Qualitative and structural stability, meanwhile, the stability of catalyst is helped to improve when as catalyst carrier.
In addition, due to having used enhancing ceramic composition, it is described while ensuring the mechanical strength of porous aluminas microballoon
The aperture of porous ceramics microballoon can achieve between 20~50nm, and the porosity can be 40~60%, sphere diameter can for 0.2~
0.4mm.The aperture is relatively large, and porosity is higher, and sphere diameter is uniform, and specific surface area is larger, and the carrier as catalyst can be big
Area is contacted with solid, gas or liquid, improves the catalytic effect of catalyst, medium is made to obtain secondary filter and separation.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the aluminium oxide and the enhancing ceramic composition can be 4:(0.8~1.2).
That is, the mass ratio of the sum of aluminium oxide and zirconium oxide and cerium oxide is 4:(0.8~1.2), when aluminium oxide
When weight is 4g, the total weight of zirconium oxide and cerium oxide can effectively improve it by the ratio between 0.8~1.2g
The catalytic performance for the catalyst being loaded with and higher mechanical strength and toughness.
Further, the mass ratio of zirconium oxide described in the enhancing ceramic composition and the cerium oxide is (3~1): (1
~3) mechanical strength and toughness of porous ceramics microballoon, can be further increased by the mass ratio.
Porous ceramics microballoon according to an embodiment of the present invention, intensity with higher, toughness, and aperture is larger, the porosity
It is higher, it improves permeability and mechanical strength and the carrier as catalyst improves the catalytic effect of catalyst, and can
It is widely used in the two-phase laminated flow of every field.
The preparation method of the porous ceramics microballoon of embodiment according to a second aspect of the present invention, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: alumina precursor colloidal sol is provided.
Wherein, alumina precursor colloidal sol can be commercially available or prior art preparation and obtain.In the present invention, aluminum oxide precursor
Body colloidal sol is prepared using boehmite and nitric acid, and the preparation method is simple, easy to operate.Further, before aluminium oxide
The content of the aluminium in body colloidal sol is driven, by the concentration calculation of aluminium oxide, preferably 5wt%-10wt%, the concentration is relatively low,
Add the available porous ceramics microballoon compared with high porosity of suitable pore creating material.
Step 2: enhancing ceramic composition and pore creating material being made into aqueous dispersions, the enhancing ceramic composition contains zirconia powder
And cerium oxide powder.
Since collosol concentration is low, although the porous ceramics microballoon of the readily available high porosity, hold in gel drying
The deformation of ball base is easily set to collapse and (shrink very big).Therefore the pore creating material and reinforced phase ceramic composition being added in the present invention are in drying process
In be solid phase particles, do not change, stable gel can be played the role of, be unlikely to deform or collapse in drying.
Wherein, pore creating material can be conventional selection, it is preferable that pore creating material of the invention can select polystyrene micro-
One or more of ball, polyethylene microballoon, polypropylene microballoon.
The porosity of ceramics can be effectively improved by the way that the pore creating material is added, expand specific surface area.Due to increasing pore creating material
Dosage the porositys of ceramics can be improved, but ceramics strength can be caused to decline, thus control the adding proportion of pore creating material with
And the proportionate relationship of enhancing ceramic composition is very important.Preferably, the quality of pore creating material of the invention in aqueous dispersions
Percentage composition is 5wt%~10wt%.The porosity of porous ceramics microballoon not only can be improved in the pore creating material of the content, and will not
The intensity of porous ceramics microballoon is reduced because of the raising of the porosity.
In addition, from dispersibility, stomata shape (being controlled by the regular shape of pore creating material) and pore size is uniform
Property (pass through selection the uniform pore creating material in aperture) from the aspect of, pore creating material is preferably organic fine powder, and particularly preferred polystyrene is glimmering
Light microballoon.
About the granular size of pore creating material, preferable particle size is 30~60nm, and the aperture of sintered porous ceramics microballoon can
To reach 20~50nm.
And about aluminium oxide and the enhancing ceramic composition, technology that the quality of zirconium oxide and the cerium oxide when reaches
Effect has been described in detail in the above-described embodiments, and details are not described herein.
Step 3: the aqueous dispersions being added in the alumina precursor colloidal sol, it is molten to be uniformly mixing to obtain mixing
Glue.
Aqueous dispersions can be also stirred uniformly, preferably with the mixing of alumina precursor colloidal sol by the way of conventional
Ground, of the invention uses ultrasonic agitation so that alumina precursor colloidal sol is adequately merged with aqueous dispersions, and each substance is in moisture
Uniformly disperse in dispersion liquid, is evenly distributed in porous ceramics microballoon convenient for the stomata of formation.
Step 4: the mixed sols is instilled in oil-ammonia column to form spherical gel particles, it is aged to obtain ball base.
Wherein, the concentration of the ammonium hydroxide in oil-ammonia column is 20~28%, and ammonia temperature is 20~32 DEG C, the digestion time
For 0.5~2h.In gel drops ball, by the viscosity (i.e. the alumina precursor colloidal sol of low concentration) of reduction gel, that is,
It says, using a large amount of water, can reduce the surface tension of slurry, ooze the lesser microballoon of sphere diameter, and drip ball by oil-ammonia column to make
The unification uniform in size of ball base, and it is convenient for balling-up.
How to pass through the method that ball base is made in oil-ammonia column about mixed sols in the present invention, it can be using in the prior art
Customary preparation methods obtain, details are not described herein.
Step 5: the ball base is dry, sintering obtains alumina porous ceramic microballoon.
Specifically, the drying of ball base can keep 5~8h under the conditions of temperature is 60~80 DEG C, and heating rate can be 1
℃/min。
Hereafter, the ball base after drying is sintered, sintering temperature can be sintered 1~3h at 800~1200 DEG C.Its
In, sintering temperature is the process gradually to heat up, is warming up to 150~200 DEG C after dry with 1 DEG C/min of heating rate and keeps the temperature and keep the temperature
Hereafter 1h is warming up to 400~600 DEG C with 1.5 DEG C/min of heating rate and keeps the temperature 2h to remove pore creating material, most to be further dried
800~1200 DEG C are warming up to for 3 DEG C/min with heating rate afterwards and keep the temperature 2h to be sintered further removal pore creating material.
That is, being then gradually warming up to sintering temperature from room temperature first to ball base low temperature drying and being carried out to ball base
Sintering, can gradually be removed the pore creating material in ball base by the process gradually to heat up, and will not because heat up it is too fast make in ball base,
External temperature difference difference is larger, thus damage or deformation with ball base.
The preparation method of porous ceramics microballoon according to an embodiment of the present invention, preparation method is simple, is suitble to industrialized production,
And porous ceramics microballoon intensity with higher, toughness that this method is prepared, air vent aperture is uniform, and aperture is larger, gas
Porosity is higher, improves the catalytic effect of permeability and mechanical strength and catalyst, can be widely used in every field
Two-phase laminated flow.
In the following, further illustrating the preparation method of porous ceramics microballoon according to the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments.
Embodiment 1
Boehmite 35g, deionized water 300g, heating stirring 30min are weighed, nitric acid 18g is added, polymerization generates oxidation
Aluminium precursor sol, wherein in alumina precursor colloidal sol, the content of aluminium is calculated as 5wt% with the concentration of aluminium oxide.
Then, zirconium oxide, cerium oxide and polystyrene microsphere are made into aqueous dispersions, wherein zirconium oxide, cerium oxide powder
Average grain diameter be 30nm, the partial size of pore creating material polystyrene microsphere is 30nm.
Hereafter, the aqueous dispersions being made into are added in alumina precursor colloidal sol, ultrasonic agitation obtains evenly dispersed mix
Close colloidal sol, wherein alumina precursor colloidal sol: zirconia powder: cerium oxide powder is that 16:3:1 is configured according to mass ratio, polyphenyl
Mass percentage of the ethylene microballoon in aqueous dispersions is 5wt%.
Then, mixed sols is instilled in oil-ammonia column, ammonia concn 25%, ammonia temperature is 25 DEG C, solidifies glomeration
Gel particles, then spherical gel particles are aged 1h, obtain ball base.
Ball base is heated at 60 DEG C with 1 DEG C/min of heating rate, dry 8h.
After drying, ball base is warming up to 200 DEG C with heating rate for 1 DEG C/min, and 200 DEG C of heat preservation 1h are further to do
It is dry；Then 500 DEG C are warming up to 1.5 DEG C/min of heating rate and keep the temperature 2h to remove pore creating material；Finally with heating rate for 3
DEG C/min is warming up to 1000 DEG C and keeps the temperature 2h to be sintered, to obtain porous ceramics microballoon.
Obtained porous ceramics microballoon, sphere diameter 0.32mm, the porosity 60%, aperture 20nm.
Embodiment 2
Boehmite 35g, deionized water 200g, heating stirring 30min are weighed, nitric acid 18g is added, polymerization generates oxidation
Aluminium precursor sol, wherein wherein in alumina precursor colloidal sol, the content of aluminium is calculated as 7wt% with the concentration of aluminium oxide.
Hereafter, zirconium oxide, cerium oxide and polyethylene microballoon are made into aqueous dispersions, wherein zirconium oxide and cerium oxide powder
Partial size is 50nm, and the partial size of pore creating material polyethylene microballoon is 60nm.
Then, the aqueous dispersions being made into are added in alumina precursor colloidal sol, ultrasonic agitation obtains evenly dispersed mix
Close colloidal sol, wherein alumina precursor colloidal sol: zirconia powder: cerium oxide powder is that 16:2:2 is configured according to mass ratio, poly- second
Mass percentage of the alkene microballoon in aqueous dispersions is 10wt%.
Mixed sols is instilled in oil-ammonia column, ammonia concn 25%, ammonia temperature is 25 DEG C, solidifies glomeration gel
Particle, then spherical gel particles are being aged 1.5h, obtain ball base.
Ball base is heated at 70 DEG C with 1.5 DEG C/min of heating rate, dry 6h.
After drying, ball base is warming up to 150 DEG C with heating rate for 1 DEG C/min, keeps the temperature 1h；Then with heating rate 1.5
DEG C/min is warming up to 600 DEG C and keeps the temperature 2h to remove pore creating material；800 DEG C finally are warming up to for 3 DEG C/min with heating rate and are protected
Warm 2h obtains porous ceramics microballoon to be sintered.
Obtained porous ceramics microballoon, sphere diameter 0.38mm, the porosity 40%, aperture 50nm.
Embodiment 3
Boehmite 35g, deionized water 120g, heating stirring 30min are weighed, nitric acid 18g is added, polymerization generates oxidation
Aluminium precursor sol, wherein in alumina precursor colloidal sol, the content of aluminium is calculated as 10wt% with the concentration of aluminium oxide.
Then, zirconium oxide, cerium oxide and polypropylene microballoon are made into aqueous dispersions, wherein zirconium oxide, cerium oxide powder
Average grain diameter is 40nm, and the partial size of pore creating material polystyrene microsphere is 45nm.
The aqueous dispersions being made into are added in alumina precursor colloidal sol, it is molten that ultrasonic agitation obtains evenly dispersed mixing
Glue, wherein alumina precursor colloidal sol: zirconia powder: cerium oxide powder is that 16:1:3 is configured according to mass ratio, and dolomite exists
Mass percentage in aqueous dispersions is 8wt%.
Hereafter, mixed sols is instilled in oil-ammonia column, ammonia concn 28%, ammonia temperature is 30 DEG C, solidifies glomeration
Spherical gel particles are being aged 2h, are obtaining ball base by gel particles.
Then, ball base is heated at 80 DEG C with 2 DEG C/min of heating rate, dry 5.
By the ball base after drying, 200 DEG C of heat preservation 1h are warming up to 1 DEG C/min of heating rate；Hereafter, with heating rate 1.5
DEG C/min is warming up to 400 DEG C and keeps the temperature 2h to remove pore creating material；Finally, being that 3 DEG C/min is warming up to 1200 DEG C simultaneously with heating rate
2h is kept the temperature to be sintered, obtains porous ceramics microballoon.
Obtained porous ceramics microballoon, sphere diameter 0.35mm, the porosity 50%, aperture 35nm.
The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those skilled in the art
For, without departing from the principles of the present invention, it can also make several improvements and retouch, these improvements and modifications
It should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of porous ceramics microballoon, which is characterized in that containing aluminium oxide and enhancing ceramic composition, the enhancing ceramic composition contains
There are zirconium oxide and cerium oxide,
The aperture of the porous ceramics microballoon is 20~50nm, and porosity 40-60%, sphere diameter is 0.2~0.4mm.
2. porous ceramics microballoon according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the aluminium oxide and the enhancing ceramic composition
Mass ratio be 4:(0.8~1.2).
3. porous ceramics microballoon according to claim 2, which is characterized in that zirconium oxide described in the enhancing ceramic composition
Mass ratio with the cerium oxide is (3~1): (1~3).
4. a kind of preparation method of porous ceramics microballoon, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1, alumina precursor colloidal sol is provided；
Step 2, enhancing ceramic composition and pore creating material are made into aqueous dispersions, in the aqueous dispersions, the alumina precursor
The mass ratio of colloidal sol and the enhancing ceramic composition is 4:(0.8~1.2), the enhancing ceramic composition contains zirconia powder and oxygen
Change cerium powder, the zirconium oxide described in ceramic composition and the mass ratio of the cerium oxide of enhancing is (3~1): (1~3)；
Step 3, the aqueous dispersions are added in the alumina precursor colloidal sol, are uniformly mixing to obtain mixed sols；
Step 4, the mixed sols is instilled in oil-ammonia column to form spherical gel particles, it is aged to obtain ball base；
Step 5, the ball base is dry, sintering, obtains porous ceramics microballoon.
5. the preparation method of porous ceramics microballoon according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the zirconia powder and oxidation
The average grain diameter of cerium powder is 30-50nm.
6. the preparation method of porous ceramics microballoon according to claim 4, which is characterized in that in the water dispersion solution,
The pore creating material is one or more of polystyrene microsphere, polyethylene microballoon, polypropylene microballoon, the quality of the pore creating material
Percentage composition is 5wt%~10wt%, and the partial size of the pore creating material is 30-60nm.
7. the preparation method of porous ceramics microballoon according to claim 4, which is characterized in that using quasi- in the step 1
Boehmite and nitric acid prepare the alumina precursor colloidal sol, the aluminium content in the alumina precursor colloidal sol, with oxidation
Aluminium meter concentration is 5~10wt%.
8. the preparation method of porous ceramics microballoon according to claim 4, which is characterized in that described in the step 4
The concentration of ammonium hydroxide in oil-ammonia column is 20~28%, and ammonia temperature is 20~32 DEG C, and the digestion time is 0.5~2h.
9. the preparation method of porous ceramics microballoon according to claim 4, which is characterized in that described in the step 5
Ball base with heating rate is that 1~2 DEG C/min is warming up to 60~80 DEG C of drying temperature, and the drying temperature be 60~80 DEG C it
Between keep 5~8h.
10. the preparation method of porous ceramics microballoon according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the step 5 includes:
After the drying, the ball base is further heated up with 1 DEG C/min of heating rate to 150 DEG C~200 DEG C and keep the temperature 1h with into
One step is dry, is hereafter warming up to 400~600 DEG C with 1.5 DEG C/min of heating rate and keeps the temperature 2h to remove pore creating material, hereafter to rise
Warm rate is that 3 DEG C/min is warming up to 800~1200 DEG C and keeps the temperature 2h to be sintered.
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| CN111805415A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-10-23 | 湖南圣高机械科技有限公司 | Porous resin grinding disc and preparation method thereof |
| CN111925217A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-11-13 | 长沙理工大学 | Method for drying wet gel blank of ceramic precursor and method for preparing ceramic body |
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| CN112480990B (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2022-07-05 | 大连大平油脂化学有限公司 | Preparation method of diesel antiwear agent with low freezing point |
| CN112624793A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-04-09 | 罗焕焕 | Preparation method of alumina-based porous ceramic material |
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