CN108832159A - A kind of Fuel Cell Control System and control method - Google Patents
A kind of Fuel Cell Control System and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108832159A CN108832159A CN201810668938.9A CN201810668938A CN108832159A CN 108832159 A CN108832159 A CN 108832159A CN 201810668938 A CN201810668938 A CN 201810668938A CN 108832159 A CN108832159 A CN 108832159A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04388—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04395—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04492—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04492—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
- H01M8/045—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04492—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
- H01M8/04507—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
The control system and control method of a kind of fuel cell provided by the embodiments of the present application.The present invention can acquire the operating status of each monitoring point of fuel cell pile, index is calculated indirectly including direct acquisition state index and based on monitor value, and then according to operating status index and preset deviation, control amount is solved using fuzzy control method, the comprehensively control to fuel cell electricity output performance, proton exchange membrane humidity and stack temperature may be implemented, the characteristics of adapting to a variety of input parameters of fuel cell, uncertain nonlinear time-varying, have the advantages that governing factor is comprehensive, deviation respond it is rapid.
Description
Technical field
This application involves field of fuel cell technology more particularly to a kind of Fuel Cell Control Systems and control method.
Background technique
Water hydrogen generator is a kind of emerging electric energy generating device, and structure is as shown in Figure 1, include dynamic hydrogen module and combustion
Expect battery.Water hydrogen generator, by moving gasification system, reformer chamber, the purification membrane of hydrogen module, is successively carried out using methanol-water as fuel
The processes such as gasification, catalytic reforming, separating-purifying generate high-purity hydrogen, and high-purity hydrogen are input to fuel cell.Combustion
Material battery is the power generator and the power generation of water hydrogen for the chemical energy in fuel and oxidant being continued, being converted into electric energy
The key component of machine, has that structure is simple, energy conversion efficiency is high, pollution-free, noiseless advantage.The combustion being widely used at present
Expect that battery uses Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, each battery cell of the battery includes two pieces of bipolar plates, two gas diffusions
Layer, two catalyst layers and proton exchange membrane layer.Wherein, hydrogen and oxygen (air) are distinguished by the air guide channel of bipolar plates
The anode and cathode for reaching battery reaches proton exchange membrane two sides by gas diffusion layers, and in anode side, hydrogen is urged in anode
Hydrogen ion and electronics are generated under the catalysis of agent；Wherein hydrogen ion penetrates proton exchange membrane；And electron accumulation causes anode in negative
Charge；The oxygen molecule of cathode becomes oxonium ion under the action of cathod catalyst, makes cathode in positive charge, thus in anode and yin
Voltage is generated between pole, by external circuit jointed anode and cathode, then electronics flows to cathode from anode, to generate electric current；
Meanwhile hydrogen ion reacts with oxonium ion and generates water.
Water hydrogen generator will realize normal work, and it is inadequate for only having fuel cell, it is necessary to be supplied by gas
The collaboration of system, heat-extraction system, drainage system, battery status indicators monitor system is realized to fuel cell pile for air-flow
Buret reason, heat management, water management and the monitoring to safety indexs such as battery temperature, pressure.As it can be seen that fuel cell also needs one
Comprehensive, intelligentized control system is covered, realizes the monitoring and regulation of the entire working condition of fuel cell, this is to maintain fuel electricity
The guarantee of the safe and efficient rate operating in pond.
But, the performance of fuel cell is by many factors such as battery temperature, proton exchange membrane humidity, reaction gas air pressures
Influence, be one with it is a variety of input parameters uncertain nonlinear and time-varying systems, due to being influenced to cause by multi-parameter
The output characteristics of its electric energy is difficult to control, and therefore, how to design and realizes a set of good Fuel Cell Control System and existing
An important difficult point urgently to be resolved in technology.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the application is to propose a kind of Fuel Cell Control System and control method, fuel is adapted to
The characteristics of a variety of input parameters of battery, uncertain nonlinear time-varying, to solve to fuel cell electricity output performance, proton exchange
The problem of film humidity and the comprehensively control of stack temperature.
The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of Fuel Cell Control System, and the fuel cell includes pem fuel
Battery stack, hydrogen supply part, humidifier part, air gas supply part, heat extraction part, power output part, and feature exists
In further including pile status monitoring part and control system, pile status monitoring part is for defeated to the electric energy of pile
Parameter and indicate that the pile state parameter of pile itself working condition is monitored out；The control system is from pile state
Monitoring portion, which is separately won, takes the power output parameter and pile state parameter, and according to the above parameter to hydrogen gas supply part, increasing
Wet device part, air supply part, the working condition of heat extraction part is controlled.
Preferably, pile status monitoring part includes：Power output monitoring modular, for monitoring fuel cell
Power output obtains power output power and output voltage, output electric current；Pile state parameter monitoring modular, including setting
Temperature sensor, humidity sensor and flow sensor in each monitoring point of fuel cell pile, it is defeated for monitoring hydrogen
Inbound traffics, air input flow rate, hydrogen input pressure, air input pressure, hydrogen input humidity, air input humidity, air
Export humidity, stack temperature.
Preferably, the control system exports humidity based on the air that pile status monitoring part obtains, and judges pile
The humidity of internal proton exchange membrane；According to the moisture condition of proton exchange membrane inside pile to dynamic hydrogen module hydrogen and recycle hydrogen
This two-way hydrogen of gas supply respective gas supply gap accounting is controlled, to adjust rate of water make-up of the hydrogen to proton exchange membrane；
Also control is adjusted to the flow of pile supply air to air gas supply part in control system, to change air out of pile
The degree of portion's carrying moisture；And control humidifier part on/off and the humidification degree under starting state；The control
System control hydrogen gas supply processed part, air supply part, according to the factors such as the target of power output, control supply hydrogen, sky
The flow and pressure of gas；The control system controls heat extraction part also according to the temperature of pile.
Preferably, the control system includes gas supply control module, humidity control module, temperature control modules；
Wherein, the gas supply control module obtains the power output parameter from pile status monitoring part, and according to
Power output parameter and power output target determine flow and pressure parameter to pile supply oxygen, hydrogen, and according to supply
Oxygen, hydrogen flowing quantity gas supply control instruction corresponding with pressure parameter generation are respectively supplied to hydrogen gas supply part and air
Part is supplied, part and air gas supply part are supplied by hydrogen and carry out hydrogen according to the flow and pressure of gas supply control instruction setting
The gas supply of gas, oxygen；
The humidity control module exports humidity based on the air that pile status monitoring part obtains, and judges matter inside pile
The humidity of proton exchange, and according to the humidity of proton exchange membrane and suitable humidity, measuring and calculating realizes moisturizing and row to proton exchange membrane
The needs of water generate hydrogen supply switching control instruction, air flow control instruction and humidifier control instruction；Wherein, hydrogen
Gas gas supply part supplies switching control instruction according to hydrogen, supplies to dynamic hydrogen module hydrogen and this two-way hydrogen of circulating hydrogen each
From gas supply gap accounting controlled, to adjust rate of water make-up of the hydrogen to proton exchange membrane；Air gas supply part is according to sky
Control is adjusted in the flow of throughput control instruction, opposite pile supply air, carries inside pile to change air
The degree of moisture；Humidifier part executes on/off according to the humidifier control instruction, and adjusts in the start-up conditions
Save the humidification degree of itself；
Temperature control modules control the air-cooled output power of heat extraction part according to stack temperature.
Preferably, the gas supply control module specifically includes：Electricity output performance error computing unit, Fuzzy processing list
Member, parameter adaptive adjust unit, gas supply control amount solves unit；Wherein, electricity output performance error computing unit utilizes electric energy
The real-time output power of pile that output monitoring modular measures, output voltage, any one in output electric current, and with it is default
Power output target be compared operation, difference between the two is obtained, as electricity output performance error；Fuzzy processing list
Member according to the electricity output performance error and error rate of input, to the Proportional coefficient K p of PID controller, integral coefficient Ki,
Differential coefficient Kd is modified, the correcting parameter Δ Ki and differential of the correcting parameter Δ Kp of export ratio coefficient, integral coefficient
The correcting parameter Δ Kd of coefficient；Parameter adaptive adjusts unit according to correcting parameter Δ Kp, Δ Ki and Δ Kd to PID controller
Proportional coefficient K p, integral coefficient Ki, differential coefficient Kd be modified, gas supply control amount, which solves unit and receives electricity output performance, to be missed
Difference and reception parameter adaptive adjust the modified Proportional coefficient K p of unit, integral coefficient Ki, differential coefficient Kd, to be based on
PID control function solves gas supply control amount, which includes that hydrogen gas supply part and air gas supply part carry out hydrogen
The flow and pressure parameter of gas and oxygen gas supply, and according to the generation pair of the supply oxygen, hydrogen flowing quantity and pressure parameter of solution
The gas supply control instruction answered.
Preferably, the humidity control module specifically includes：Proton exchange membrane relative humidity calculates module, humidity error
Computing unit, polynary Fuzzy processing unit, parameter adaptive adjust unit, humid control amount solves unit；Proton exchange membrane
Relative humidity calculates that module exports humidity according to acquired air, calculates the relative humidity of proton exchange membrane inside pile；It is wet
Degree error calculation unit compares the proton exchange membrane relative humidity of reckoning with according to the suitable humidity of electricity output parameter definition
Compared with operation, difference between the two is obtained, as relative humidity deviation；Polynary Fuzzy processing unit is according to relative humidity deviation
And error rate, the Proportional coefficient K p, integral coefficient Ki, differential coefficient Kd of PID controller are modified, export ratio system
The correcting parameter Δ Ki of several correcting parameter Δ Kp, integral coefficient and the correcting parameter Δ Kd of differential coefficient；Parameter adaptive
Adjust Proportional coefficient K p, integral coefficient Ki, differential of the unit according to correcting parameter Δ Kp, Δ Ki and Δ Kd to PID controller
COEFFICIENT K d is modified, and humid control amount solves unit and receives humidity error, and is received parameter adaptive and adjusted unit amendment
Proportional coefficient K p, integral coefficient Ki, differential coefficient Kd, to solve following control amount based on PID control function：To dynamic hydrogen mould
Block hydrogen and circulating hydrogen this two-way hydrogen supply the air supply stream of respective gas supply gap accounting, air gas supply part
It measures, the humidification degree parameter of humidifier part, and corresponding hydrogen is generated according to the above parameter and supplies switching control instruction, air
Flow control instruction and humidifier control instruction.
A kind of fuel cell control method, the fuel cell include proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling, hydrogen gas supply
Partially, humidifier part, air supply part, heat extraction part, power output part, which is characterized in that the control method packet
Include following steps：Power output parameter to pile and indicate that the pile state parameter of pile itself working condition is supervised
It surveys；The power output parameter and pile state parameter are obtained, and according to the above parameter to hydrogen gas supply part, humidifier portion
Divide, air supplies part, the working condition of heat extraction part is controlled.
Preferably, to hydrogen gas supply part, humidifier part, air gas supply partially, the working condition of heat extraction part into
Row control specifically includes following aspect：Air based on acquisition exports humidity, judges the humidity of proton exchange membrane inside pile；Root
It is respective to dynamic hydrogen module hydrogen and the supply of this two-way hydrogen of circulating hydrogen according to the moisture condition of proton exchange membrane inside pile
Gas supply gap accounting is controlled, to adjust rate of water make-up of the hydrogen to proton exchange membrane；Air gas supply part is supplied to pile
Control is adjusted to the flow of air, to change the degree that air carries moisture inside pile；And control humidifier
Humidification degree under partial on/off and starting state；Hydrogen gas supply part, air gas supply part are controlled, according to electricity
The factors such as the target that can be exported, the flow and pressure of control supply hydrogen, air；According to operating temperature control heat extraction part.
Preferably, control hydrogen gas supply part, air supply part, according to factors such as the targets of power output,
Control supply hydrogen, the flow of air and pressure specifically include：Using the real-time output power of the pile measured, output voltage,
Any one in electric current is exported, and is compared operation with preset power output target, obtains difference between the two,
As electricity output performance error；According to the electricity output performance error and error rate of input, to the ratio system of PID controller
Number Kp, integral coefficient Ki, differential coefficient Kd are modified, the amendment of correcting parameter the Δ Kp, integral coefficient of export ratio coefficient
The correcting parameter Δ Kd of parameter Δ Ki and differential coefficient；According to correcting parameter Δ Kp, Δ Ki and Δ Kd to PID controller
Proportional coefficient K p, integral coefficient Ki, differential coefficient Kd are modified；It receives electricity output performance error and receives parameter adaptive
The modified Proportional coefficient K p of unit, integral coefficient Ki, differential coefficient Kd are adjusted, to solve based on PID control function for gas control
Amount processed, the gas supply control amount include the flow and pressure that hydrogen gas supply part and air gas supply part carry out hydrogen and oxygen gas supply
Force parameter, and according to the supply oxygen of solution, hydrogen flowing quantity gas supply control instruction corresponding with pressure parameter generation.
Preferably, the air based on acquisition exports humidity, judges the humidity of proton exchange membrane inside pile；According to
The moisture condition of proton exchange membrane supplies respective confession to dynamic hydrogen module hydrogen and this two-way hydrogen of circulating hydrogen inside pile
Gas gap accounting is controlled, to adjust rate of water make-up of the hydrogen to proton exchange membrane；Air gas supply part is supplied to pile
Control is adjusted in the flow of air, to change the degree that air carries moisture inside pile；And control humidifier portion
Humidification degree under the on/off and starting state divided specifically includes：Humidity is exported according to acquired air, calculates electricity
The relative humidity of proton exchange membrane inside heap；By the proton exchange membrane relative humidity of reckoning and fitting according to electricity output parameter definition
Suitable humidity is compared operation, difference between the two is obtained, as relative humidity deviation；According to relative humidity deviation and error
Change rate is modified the Proportional coefficient K p, integral coefficient Ki, differential coefficient Kd of PID controller, and export ratio coefficient is repaired
Positive parameter Δ Kp, the correcting parameter Δ Ki of integral coefficient and the correcting parameter Δ Kd of differential coefficient；According to correcting parameter Δ Kp,
Δ Ki and Δ Kd is modified the Proportional coefficient K p, integral coefficient Ki, differential coefficient Kd of PID controller；Humidity is received to miss
Difference and reception parameter adaptive adjust the modified Proportional coefficient K p of unit, integral coefficient Ki, differential coefficient Kd, to be based on
PID control function solves following control amount：Respective gas supply is supplied to dynamic hydrogen module hydrogen and this two-way hydrogen of circulating hydrogen
Gap accounting, air supply the humidification degree parameter of the air supply flow rate of part, humidifier part, and raw according to the above parameter
At corresponding hydrogen supply switching control instruction, air flow control instruction and humidifier control instruction.
As it can be seen that the present invention can acquire fuel the present invention provides a kind of control system of fuel cell and control method
The operating status of each monitoring point of battery stack, including direct acquisition state index and index is calculated based on monitor value indirectly,
And then according to operating status index and preset deviation, control amount is solved using fuzzy control method, may be implemented to fuel electricity
The comprehensively control of pond electricity output performance, proton exchange membrane humidity and stack temperature adapts to a variety of input parameters of fuel cell, no
The characteristics of determining nonlinear time-varying, have the advantages that governing factor comprehensively, deviation respond it is rapid.
Detailed description of the invention
By reading a detailed description of non-restrictive embodiments in the light of the attached drawings below, the application's is other
Feature, objects and advantages will become more apparent upon：
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of water hydrogen generator overall structure in the prior art；
Fig. 2 is the fuel cell system overall structure diagram of the embodiment of the present application；
Fig. 3 is the Fuel Cell Control System structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application；
Fig. 4 is the gas supply control module structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application；
Fig. 5 is the humidity control module structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application.
Specific embodiment
The application is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.It is understood that this place is retouched
The specific embodiment stated is used only for explaining related invention, rather than the restriction to the invention.It also should be noted that in order to
Convenient for description, part relevant to related invention is illustrated only in attached drawing.
It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, the features in the embodiments and the embodiments of the present application can phase
Mutually combination.The application is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.
Fig. 2 is the fuel cell system overall structure of the embodiment of the present application.It is core with proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling 1
The heart, including hydrogen gas supply part 2, humidifier part 3, air gas supply part 4, heat extraction part 5, power output part 6, pile shape
State monitors part 7 and control system 8.Wherein, proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling 1 by predetermined quantity fuel cell
Composition, each fuel cell use proton exchange model fuel cell structure.Proton exchange membrane is fuel cell isolation electricity
Son and the transmitting hydrionic key position of positive charge, and proton exchange membrane must have wettability appropriate can normal work
Make；The conductivity decline of proton exchange membrane, can reduce the working performance of fuel cell until causing its nothing in the case where water shortage
Method normally realizes hydrionic transmitting, and film water point too high levels can then flood electrolyte and cause air supply channel ponding.Hydrogen
Gas supplies part 2 by obtaining high-purity hydrogen by the dynamic hydrogen module of the water hydrogen generator of fuel of methanol-water, and for air pressure
Hydrogen is recycled in the case where being controlled by quantification and is supplied to the pile 1 by power and flow；Hydrogen supply portion 2 specifically includes
Hydrogen gas circulating pump 201, flow divider 202 and hydrogen transfer valve 203, pressure-regulating valve 204；Wherein, hydrogen gas circulating pump 201 will be from
The anode inlet of the higher hydrogen circulation conveying telegram in reply heap 1 of humidity of 1 anode of pile discharge, to realize supply and the increase of hydrogen
Humidity at anode inlet, and adjust the supply gas pressure of circulating hydrogen；After hydrogen transfer valve 203 is decontroled, carry out automatic hydrogen module
High-purity and relatively dry hydrogen after pressure-regulating valve 204 is adjusted to pressure appropriate, for supplying pile 1；
Flow divider 202 is used to execute the hydrogen and circulating hydrogen of dynamic hydrogen module switching, and control two-way hydrogen supplies respective gas supply
Gap accounting, to adjust the humidity at proton exchange membrane.Part 4 is supplied by adjusting the flow of air supply in air to control
The humidity of proton exchange membrane processed is conducive to carry out more moisture from pile 1 when air mass flow is big, causes proton exchange
The wet degree of film declines；And the water that the reaction of air mass flow hour generates more is retained in inside pile, makes proton exchange membrane
Humidity keep high value；Air supply portion 4 specifically includes air compressor 401, is controlled by the air compressor 401
The pressure and flow of air are supplied to pile 1.And humidifier part 3 is serially connected between air supply portion 4 and pile 1, is used for
Individually humidification moisturizing is carried out in proton exchange membrane humidity deficit for it.In order to realize the power output ability of stability and high efficiency,
Pile 1 needs to be maintained at suitable temperature range, produces wherein can take away a part reaction by the flow of control reaction gas
Raw heat, and in the case that the output power of pile 1 is larger therefore generation heat is more, then it is real by heat extraction part 5
Existing water-cooling.Power output part 6 includes DC/DC converter 601, battery 602 and load circuit 603, defeated by pile 1
Electric energy out carries out energy stores after DC/DC converter 601 carries out voltage transformation, in battery 602 or to load electricity
Road 603 powers.Pile status monitoring part 7 is used for the power output parameter to pile 1 and indicates pile itself work feelings
The pile state parameter of condition is monitored；Specifically, pile status monitoring part 7 provides power output monitoring modular 701, uses
In the power output of monitoring fuel cell, power output power and output voltage, output electric current are obtained；Pile status monitoring portion
Dividing 7 further includes pile state parameter monitoring modular 702, which includes that the temperature of each monitoring point of fuel cell pile 1 is arranged in
Sensor, humidity sensor and flow sensor are spent, for monitoring hydrogen input flow rate, air input flow rate, hydrogen input
Pressure, air input pressure, hydrogen input humidity, air input humidity, air export humidity, stack temperature.
Control system 8 obtains the power output parameter and pile state parameter, and root from pile status monitoring part 7
Upper parameter controls the working condition of hydrogen gas supply part 2, humidifier part 3, air gas supply part 4, heat extraction part 5 accordingly
System.Specifically, control system 8 exports humidity based on the air that pile status monitoring part 7 obtains, and judges proton inside pile
The humidity of exchange membrane；According to the moisture condition of 1 inside proton exchange membrane of pile to dynamic hydrogen module hydrogen and circulating hydrogen this two
Road hydrogen supply respective gas supply gap accounting is controlled, to adjust rate of water make-up of the hydrogen to proton exchange membrane；Control system
System 8 also supplies part 4 to air and control is adjusted to the flow that pile 1 supplies air, to change air inside pile 1
Carry the degree of moisture；And control humidifier part 3 on/off and the humidification degree under starting state.Control system
8 control hydrogen gas supply part 2 of system, air supply part 4, according to the factors such as the target of power output, control supply hydrogen, air
Flow and pressure.Air-cooled output power of the control system 8 also according to the temperature control heat extraction part 5 of pile.
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of control system 8 described in fuel cell.As it can be seen that in order to realize above-mentioned control function, institute
Stating control system 8 includes gas supply control module 801, humidity control module 802, temperature control modules 803.
Wherein, the gas supply control module 801 obtains the power output parameter from pile status monitoring part 7, and
According to power output parameter and power output target, the flow and pressure parameter that oxygen, hydrogen are supplied to pile 1, and root are determined
According to supply oxygen, hydrogen flowing quantity gas supply control instruction corresponding with pressure parameter generations, be respectively supplied to hydrogen supply part 2 with
And air supply part 4, by hydrogen supply part 2 and air gas supply part 4 according to gas supply control instruction setting flow with
Pressure carries out the gas supply of hydrogen, oxygen.As shown in figure 4, the gas supply control module 801 more specifically includes：Electricity output performance
Error calculation unit 801A, Fuzzy processing unit 801B, parameter adaptive adjust unit 801C, gas supply control amount solves unit
801D.Wherein, the pile 1 that electricity output performance error computing unit 801A is measured using power output monitoring modular 701 is real-time
Output power, output voltage, any one in output electric current, and with preset power output target (i.e. default output work
Rate, output voltage or output electric current) it is compared operation, difference between the two is obtained, as electricity output performance error；Electricity
Output performance error calculation unit 801A can be expressed as the calculating of electricity output performance error：
E (k)=V (k)-V ' (k)
Ec (k)=(V (k)-V ' (k))/Ts
Wherein, V ' (k) is preset power output target value, and V (k) is the power output parameter measured in real time, and E (k) is
Electricity output performance error, and Ec (k) indicates that error rate, Ts indicate the unit sampling time.Fuzzy processing unit 801B root
According to the electricity output performance error E (k) and error rate Ec (k) of input, to Proportional coefficient K p, the integration system of PID controller
Number Ki, differential coefficient Kd are modified, the correcting parameter Δ Kp of export ratio coefficient, the correcting parameter Δ Ki of integral coefficient and
The correcting parameter Δ Kd of differential coefficient.PID controller is a kind of basic control mode of automation field comprising ratio
The control of link, three integral element, differentiation element parts, proportional component are used to reduce the deviation under stable state, and integral element is used
In eliminating static deviation, for differentiation element for early stage correction to be added to accelerate adjustment speed, the control of PID controller can be with table
It is shown as
Wherein u (t) is the output of PID controller, and e (t) is deviation.Fuzzy processing unit 802B is defeated for the electricity of input
Performance error E (k) and error rate Ec (k) out, execute Fuzzy processing, according to E (k) and Ec (k) determine its institute from
The fuzzy control subset of category is obtained by inquiry fuzzy control subset mapping table corresponding with correcting parameter to PID controller
Correcting parameter Δ Kp, Δ Ki and the Δ Kd that Proportional coefficient K p, integral coefficient Ki, differential coefficient Kd are modified.Parameter is adaptive
Proportional coefficient K p, integral coefficient of the unit 801C according to correcting parameter Δ Kp, Δ Ki and Δ Kd to PID controller should be adjusted
Ki, differential coefficient Kd are modified, and it is PID controller that gas supply control amount, which solves unit 801D, are received electricity output performance and are missed
Poor E (k), and receive parameter adaptive and adjust the modified Proportional coefficient K p of unit 801C, integral coefficient Ki, differential coefficient Kd,
To solve gas supply control amount based on PID control function, which includes hydrogen gas supply part 2 and air gas supply part
Divide 4 flows and pressure parameter for carrying out hydrogen and oxygen gas supply, and is joined according to the supply oxygen, hydrogen flowing quantity and pressure of solution
Number generates corresponding gas supply control instruction.
Humidity control module 802 exports humidity based on the air that pile status monitoring part 7 obtains, and judges matter inside pile
The humidity of proton exchange, and according to the humidity of proton exchange membrane and suitable humidity, measuring and calculating realizes moisturizing and row to proton exchange membrane
The needs of water generate hydrogen supply switching control instruction, air flow control instruction and humidifier control instruction.Wherein, hydrogen
Gas supplies part 2 and supplies switching control instruction according to hydrogen, supplies to dynamic hydrogen module hydrogen and this two-way hydrogen of circulating hydrogen
Respective gas supply gap accounting is controlled, to adjust rate of water make-up of the hydrogen to proton exchange membrane.Air supplies 4 basis of part
Air flow control instruction, control is adjusted in the flow that opposite pile 1 supplies air, to change air inside pile 1
The degree for carrying moisture, when it is suitable for humidity that the humidity of proton exchange membrane, which is higher than, by increasing air mass flow to enhance draining, instead
It, then reduces draining by reducing air mass flow when it is suitable for humidity that the humidity of proton exchange membrane, which is lower than,.Humidifier part 3
On/off is executed according to the humidifier control instruction, and adjusts the humidification degree of itself in the start-up conditions.Such as Fig. 5
Shown, the humidity control module 802 more specifically includes：Proton exchange membrane relative humidity calculates module 802A, humidity error
Computing unit 802B, polynary Fuzzy processing unit 802C, parameter adaptive adjust unit 802D, humid control amount solves unit
802E.Proton exchange membrane relative humidity calculates that module 802A exports humidity according to acquired air, calculates proton inside pile
The relative humidity of exchange membrane, can be based on the generation water of output electric current measuring and calculating chemical reaction, and then is exported according to the air
Humidity and generation water, calculate the relative humidity of proton exchange membrane.Humidity error computing unit 802B hands over the proton of reckoning
It changes film relative humidity and is compared operation with according to the suitable humidity of electricity output parameter definition, obtain difference between the two, make
For relative humidity deviation；Polynary Fuzzy processing unit 802C is according to relative humidity deviation and error rate, to PID controller
Proportional coefficient K p, integral coefficient Ki, differential coefficient Kd be modified, correcting parameter Δ Kp, the integration system of export ratio coefficient
The correcting parameter Δ Kd of several correcting parameter Δ Ki and differential coefficient.Parameter adaptive adjusts unit 802D according to correcting parameter
Δ Kp, Δ Ki and Δ Kd are modified the Proportional coefficient K p, integral coefficient Ki, differential coefficient Kd of PID controller, humidity control
It is PID controller that amount processed, which solves unit 802E, receives humidity error, and receives parameter adaptive adjusting unit 802D and repair
Positive Proportional coefficient K p, integral coefficient Ki, differential coefficient Kd, to solve following control amount based on PID control function：To dynamic hydrogen
Module hydrogen and circulating hydrogen this two-way hydrogen supply the air supply stream of respective gas supply gap accounting, air gas supply part
It measures, the humidification degree parameter of humidifier part, and corresponding hydrogen is generated according to the above parameter and supplies switching control instruction, air
Flow control instruction and humidifier control instruction.
Temperature control modules 803 control heat extraction part 5 according to the stack temperature obtained from pile status monitoring part 7
Air-cooled output power；Air-cooled output is then increased when stack temperature is higher than desired temperature；Conversely, when stack temperature is lower than desired temperature
Then reduce air-cooled output.
As it can be seen that the present invention can acquire fuel the present invention provides a kind of control system of fuel cell and control method
The operating status of each monitoring point of battery stack, including direct acquisition state index and index is calculated based on monitor value indirectly,
And then according to operating status index and preset deviation, control amount is solved using fuzzy control method, may be implemented to fuel electricity
The comprehensively control of pond electricity output performance, proton exchange membrane humidity and stack temperature adapts to a variety of input parameters of fuel cell, no
The characteristics of determining nonlinear time-varying, have the advantages that governing factor comprehensively, deviation respond it is rapid.
Above description is only the preferred embodiment of the application and the explanation to institute's application technology principle.Those skilled in the art
Member is it should be appreciated that invention scope involved in the application, however it is not limited to technology made of the specific combination of above-mentioned technical characteristic
Scheme, while should also cover in the case where not departing from foregoing invention design, it is carried out by above-mentioned technical characteristic or its equivalent feature
Any combination and the other technical solutions formed.Such as features described above has similar function with (but being not limited to) disclosed herein
Can technical characteristic replaced mutually and the technical solution that is formed.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Fuel Cell Control System, the fuel cell includes proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling, hydrogen gas supply part
Divide, humidifier part, air gas supply part, heat extraction part, power output part, which is characterized in that further include pile state prison
Part and control system are surveyed, pile status monitoring part is used for the power output parameter to pile and indicates pile
The pile state parameter of itself working condition is monitored；The control system obtains the electric energy from pile status monitoring part
Output parameter and pile state parameter, and part, humidifier part, air gas supply part are supplied to hydrogen according to the above parameter
Divide, the working condition of heat extraction part is controlled.
2. Fuel Cell Control System according to claim 1, which is characterized in that pile status monitoring part packet
It includes：Power output monitoring modular, for monitoring the power output of fuel cell, obtain power output power and output voltage,
Export electric current；Pile state parameter monitoring modular, the temperature sensor, wet including each monitoring point of fuel cell pile is arranged in
Sensor and flow sensor are spent, it is defeated for monitoring hydrogen input flow rate, air input flow rate, hydrogen input pressure, air
Enter pressure, hydrogen input humidity, air input humidity, air output humidity, stack temperature.
3. Fuel Cell Control System according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the control system is based on pile state
Monitoring portion separately wins the air output humidity taken, judges the humidity of proton exchange membrane inside pile；According to proton exchange inside pile
The moisture condition of film controls dynamic hydrogen module hydrogen and this two-way hydrogen of circulating hydrogen supply respective gas supply gap accounting
System, to adjust rate of water make-up of the hydrogen to proton exchange membrane；Control system also supplies air to pile to air gas supply part
Control is adjusted in flow, to change the degree that air carries moisture inside pile；And control opening for humidifier part
Humidification degree under dynamic/closing and starting state；Control system control hydrogen gas supply part, air supply part, root
The factors such as the target according to power output, the flow and pressure of control supply hydrogen, air；The control system is also according to pile
Temperature controls heat extraction part.
4. Fuel Cell Control System according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the control system includes gas supply control
Module, humidity control module, temperature control modules；
Wherein, the gas supply control module obtains the power output parameter from pile status monitoring part, and according to electric energy
Output parameter and power output target determine flow and pressure parameter to pile supply oxygen, hydrogen, and according to for oxygen supply
Gas, hydrogen flowing quantity gas supply control instruction corresponding with pressure parameter generation, are respectively supplied to hydrogen gas supply part and air supplies
Gas part supplies part and air gas supply part by hydrogen and carries out hydrogen according to the flow and pressure of gas supply control instruction setting
The gas supply of gas, oxygen；
The humidity control module exports humidity based on the air that pile status monitoring part obtains, and judges that proton is handed over inside pile
The humidity of film is changed, and according to the humidity of proton exchange membrane and suitable humidity, calculates and moisturizing and draining is realized to proton exchange membrane
It needs, generates hydrogen supply switching control instruction, air flow control instruction and humidifier control instruction；Wherein, hydrogen supplies
Gas part supplies switching control instruction according to hydrogen, respective to dynamic hydrogen module hydrogen and the supply of this two-way hydrogen of circulating hydrogen
Gas supply gap accounting is controlled, to adjust rate of water make-up of the hydrogen to proton exchange membrane；Air gas supply part is according to air stream
Control instruction is measured, control is adjusted in the flow of opposite pile supply air, so that change air carries moisture inside pile
Degree；Humidifier part executes on/off according to the humidifier control instruction, and adjusts in the start-up conditions certainly
The humidification degree of body；
Temperature control modules obtain stack temperature according to from pile status monitoring part, and according to operating temperature control heat extraction portion
The air-cooled output power divided.
5. Fuel Cell Control System according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the gas supply control module is specifically wrapped
It includes：Electricity output performance error computing unit, Fuzzy processing unit, parameter adaptive adjust unit, gas supply control amount solves list
Member；Wherein, electricity output performance error computing unit is measured using power output monitoring modular the real-time output power of pile, defeated
Voltage, any one in output electric current out, and are compared operation with preset power output target, obtain between the two
Difference, as electricity output performance error；Fuzzy processing unit is according to the electricity output performance error and error change of input
Rate is modified the Proportional coefficient K p, integral coefficient Ki, differential coefficient Kd of PID controller, the amendment ginseng of export ratio coefficient
Measure Δ Kp, the correcting parameter Δ Ki of integral coefficient and the correcting parameter Δ Kd of differential coefficient；Parameter adaptive adjusts unit root
It is carried out according to correcting parameter Δ Kp, Δ Ki and Δ Kd Proportional coefficient K p, integral coefficient Ki, differential coefficient Kd to PID controller
Amendment, gas supply control amount, which solves unit reception electricity output performance error and receives parameter adaptive, adjusts the modified ratio of unit
COEFFICIENT K p, integral coefficient Ki, differential coefficient Kd, to solve gas supply control amount, the gas supply control amount packet based on PID control function
It includes hydrogen gas supply part and air gas supply part and carries out the flow and pressure parameter of hydrogen and oxygen gas supply, and according to solution
Supply oxygen, hydrogen flowing quantity gas supply control instruction corresponding with pressure parameter generation.
6. Fuel Cell Control System according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the humidity control module specifically wraps
It includes：Proton exchange membrane relative humidity calculates module, humidity error computing unit, polynary Fuzzy processing unit, parameter adaptive
Adjust unit, humid control amount solves unit；Proton exchange membrane relative humidity calculates that module is wet according to acquired air output
Degree calculates the relative humidity of proton exchange membrane inside pile；Humidity error computing unit is relatively wet by the proton exchange membrane of reckoning
Degree is compared operation with according to the suitable humidity of electricity output parameter definition, difference between the two is obtained, as relative humidity
Error；Polynary Fuzzy processing unit according to relative humidity deviation and error rate, to the Proportional coefficient K p of PID controller,
Integral coefficient Ki, differential coefficient Kd are modified, the correcting parameter Δ of the correcting parameter Δ Kp of export ratio coefficient, integral coefficient
The correcting parameter Δ Kd of Ki and differential coefficient；Parameter adaptive adjusts unit according to correcting parameter Δ Kp, Δ Ki and Δ Kd
The Proportional coefficient K p, integral coefficient Ki, differential coefficient Kd of PID controller are modified, humid control amount solves unit and receives
Humidity error, and receive parameter adaptive and adjust the modified Proportional coefficient K p of unit, integral coefficient Ki, differential coefficient Kd, from
And following control amount is solved based on PID control function：It is respective to dynamic hydrogen module hydrogen and the supply of this two-way hydrogen of circulating hydrogen
Gas supply gap accounting, the air gas supply air supply flow rate of part, humidifier part humidification degree parameter, and according to above
Parameter generates corresponding hydrogen supply switching control instruction, air flow control instruction and humidifier control instruction.
7. a kind of fuel cell control method, the fuel cell includes proton exchange film fuel cell electric piling, hydrogen gas supply part
Point, humidifier part, air supply part, heat extraction part, power output part, which is characterized in that the control method includes
Following steps：Power output parameter to pile and indicate that the pile state parameter of pile itself working condition is supervised
It surveys；The power output parameter and pile state parameter are obtained, and according to the above parameter to hydrogen gas supply part, humidifier portion
Divide, air supplies part, the working condition of heat extraction part is controlled.
8. fuel cell control method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that hydrogen gas supply part, humidifier portion
Divide, air supplies part, the working condition of heat extraction part carries out control and specifically includes following aspect：Air output based on acquisition
Humidity judges the humidity of proton exchange membrane inside pile；According to the moisture condition of proton exchange membrane inside pile to dynamic hydrogen module
Hydrogen and this two-way hydrogen of circulating hydrogen supply respective gas supply gap accounting are controlled, and are handed over to adjust hydrogen to proton
Change the rate of water make-up of film；Control is adjusted to the flow of pile supply air to air gas supply part, to change air from electricity
The degree of moisture is carried inside heap；And control humidifier part on/off and the humidification degree under starting state；Control
Hydrogen gas supply part, air supply part, according to the factors such as the target of power output, the flow of control supply hydrogen, air
And pressure；Heat extraction part is controlled according to the temperature of pile.
9. fuel cell control method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that control hydrogen gas supply part, sky
Gas supplies part, and according to factors such as the targets of power output, control supply hydrogen, the flow of air and pressure are specifically included：Benefit
With the real-time output power of the pile measured, output voltage, output electric current in any one, and with preset power output
Target is compared operation, obtains difference between the two, as electricity output performance error；It is missed according to the electricity output performance of input
Difference and error rate, are modified the Proportional coefficient K p, integral coefficient Ki, differential coefficient Kd of PID controller, export ratio
Correcting parameter Δ Kp, the correcting parameter Δ Ki of integral coefficient and the correcting parameter Δ Kd of differential coefficient of example coefficient；According to repairing
Positive parameter Δ Kp, Δ Ki and Δ Kd are modified the Proportional coefficient K p, integral coefficient Ki, differential coefficient Kd of PID controller；
It receives electricity output performance error and receives parameter adaptive and adjust the modified Proportional coefficient K p of unit, integral coefficient Ki, differential
COEFFICIENT K d, to solve gas supply control amount based on PID control function, which includes hydrogen gas supply part and air
Gas supply part carry out hydrogen and oxygen gas supply flow and pressure parameter, and according to the supply oxygen of solution, hydrogen flowing quantity with
Pressure parameter generates corresponding gas supply control instruction.
10. fuel cell control method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the air output based on acquisition
Humidity judges the humidity of proton exchange membrane inside pile；According to the moisture condition of proton exchange membrane inside pile to dynamic hydrogen module
Hydrogen and this two-way hydrogen of circulating hydrogen supply respective gas supply gap accounting are controlled, and are handed over to adjust hydrogen to proton
Change the rate of water make-up of film；Control is adjusted to the flow of pile supply air to air gas supply part, to change air from electricity
The degree of moisture is carried inside heap；And control the on/off of humidifier part and the humidification degree tool under starting state
Body includes：Humidity is exported according to acquired air, calculates the relative humidity of proton exchange membrane inside pile；By the proton of reckoning
Exchange membrane relative humidity is compared operation with according to the suitable humidity of electricity output parameter definition, obtains difference between the two,
As relative humidity deviation；According to relative humidity deviation and error rate, to Proportional coefficient K p, the integration system of PID controller
Number Ki, differential coefficient Kd are modified, the correcting parameter Δ Kp of export ratio coefficient, the correcting parameter Δ Ki of integral coefficient and
The correcting parameter Δ Kd of differential coefficient；According to correcting parameter Δ Kp, Δ Ki and Δ Kd to the Proportional coefficient K p of PID controller,
Integral coefficient Ki, differential coefficient Kd are modified；It receives humidity error and receives parameter adaptive and adjust the modified ratio of unit
Example COEFFICIENT K p, integral coefficient Ki, differential coefficient Kd, to solve following control amount based on PID control function：To dynamic hydrogen module hydrogen
Gas and circulating hydrogen this two-way hydrogen supply respective gas supply gap accounting, air gas supply part air supply flow rate, increase
The humidification degree parameter of wet device part, and corresponding hydrogen is generated according to the above parameter and supplies switching control instruction, air mass flow
Control instruction and humidifier control instruction.
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