CN108761184B - Iron tower potential distribution and impedance characteristic testing method based on lightning impulse - Google Patents
Iron tower potential distribution and impedance characteristic testing method based on lightning impulse Download PDFInfo
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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- G01R19/25—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using digital measurement techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
- G01R27/08—Measuring resistance by measuring both voltage and current
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Abstract
The application discloses a method for testing potential distribution and impedance characteristics of an iron tower based on lightning impulse, which comprises the steps of obtaining matched measuring equipment according to design parameters and lightning resistance level of a tested iron tower; acquiring distribution of signal test points, and selecting an impulse voltage reference zero potential point; selecting a matched lightning impulse current generator according to the lightning resistance level of the tested iron tower; applying lightning impulse current to the tested iron tower by the lightning impulse current generator; testing the impact voltage, the impact current at each signal test point and the potential distribution of the tested iron tower by using the measuring equipment; and calculating the impact impedance of each signal test point according to the potential distribution of the tested iron tower and the impact current at each signal test point to obtain an impact impedance characteristic distribution diagram of the tested iron tower. The method and the device can realize the test of the potential distribution and the impact impedance characteristic of the iron tower at the same time, and have important scientific significance and engineering practical value.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of power system testing, in particular to a method for testing potential distribution and impedance characteristics of an iron tower based on lightning impulse.
Background
At present, a large number of power transmission line iron towers of an electric power system are built, and due to the influence of factors such as the building position, the tip of a tower body, the erection of a lead and the like, the iron towers are very easy to be impacted by lightning overvoltage, and the lightning flows through the iron towers and enters the ground to release overvoltage energy. When the lightning impulse current flows through the grounding device, the equivalent frequency of the lightning current is very high, so that the grounding body can have a very obvious inductive effect, the current is prevented from flowing to the far end of the grounding body, and the influence is particularly obvious on the grounding body with a large length. Similarly, when the lightning impulse current flows through the iron tower, the iron tower can also have an obvious inductive effect due to the high equivalent frequency of the lightning current, so that high instantaneous overvoltage is generated on the iron tower. However, at present, when the lightning impulse current flows through the iron tower, there is no relevant research literature and corresponding detection technical means for the potential distribution and the impulse impedance characteristics of each part of the iron tower body.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the application provides a method for testing potential distribution and impedance characteristics of an iron tower based on lightning impulse.
According to an embodiment of the application, a method for testing potential distribution and impedance characteristics of an iron tower based on lightning impulse is provided, and comprises the following steps:
acquiring matched measuring equipment according to the design parameters and lightning resistance level of the measured iron tower;
acquiring distribution of signal test points, and selecting an impulse voltage reference zero potential point;
selecting a matched lightning impulse current generator according to the lightning resistance level of the tested iron tower;
applying lightning impulse current to the tested iron tower by the lightning impulse current generator;
testing the impact voltage, the impact current at each signal test point and the potential distribution of the tested iron tower by using the measuring equipment;
and calculating the impact impedance of each signal test point according to the potential distribution of the tested iron tower and the impact current at each signal test point to obtain an impact impedance characteristic distribution diagram of the tested iron tower.
Optionally, the measuring device includes an impulse voltage measuring device and a digital oscilloscope, the impulse voltage measuring device employs a weak damping capacitive voltage divider, the digital oscilloscope is connected to the tower top of the measured iron tower through the damping capacitive voltage divider, the weak damping capacitive voltage divider is connected to the lightning impulse current generator, and a sampling rate of the digital oscilloscope is greater than or equal to 5M/S.
Optionally, the measuring device comprises an impulse voltage measuring device, a weak damping capacitive voltage divider and a digital oscilloscope, the impulse voltage measuring device adopts a high-voltage probe, the digital oscilloscope is connected with the tower top of the measured iron tower through the damping capacitive voltage divider, the weak damping capacitive voltage divider is connected with the lightning impulse current generator, the high-voltage probe is connected with the digital oscilloscope, and the sampling rate of the digital oscilloscope is greater than or equal to 5M/S; and the digital oscilloscope is triggered to record waves by the voltage signal of the weak damping capacitive voltage divider, and a power supply source of the digital oscilloscope is separated from a converter station ground network by adopting isolation transformer power supply or UPS power supply.
Optionally, the measuring device further includes an impulse current measuring device, the impulse current measuring device employs a differential current sensor, the digital oscilloscope is connected to the differential current sensor, and a sampling rate of the digital oscilloscope is greater than or equal to 5M/S.
Optionally, the measuring device further includes a potential testing device, the potential testing device is configured to test a potential difference between each signal test point under the lightning impulse current and a reference zero potential point of the impulse voltage, the potential testing device includes an insulating operating rod, an insulating conducting wire, and a voltage testing probe, the insulating operating rod is connected to the reference zero potential point of the impulse voltage through the insulating conducting wire, the voltage testing probe is fixed to the insulating operating rod, and the voltage testing probe is connected to the digital oscilloscope.
Optionally, the impulse voltage is referenced to a zero potential point of the tower under testDistance L1For the length L of the diagonal line of the grounding grid of the measured iron tower23-5 times of the total weight of the product.
Optionally, when the load is greater than 10 Ω, the lightning surge current output by the lightning surge current generator has the following characteristics: the maximum voltage is 3600kV, the lightning current peak value is 120kA, and the waveforms are 8/20 mu s, 2/10 mu s and 1.2/50 mu s.
Optionally, the weak damping capacitive voltage divider is connected with the lightning impulse current generator through a sheath insulated wire, and the iron tower to be tested is connected with the weak damping capacitive voltage divider through a sheath insulated wire; the weak damping capacitive voltage divider, the impulse voltage measuring device, the impulse current measuring device and the potential testing device are respectively connected with the digital oscilloscope through communication light.
According to the technical scheme, the method provided by the application makes full use of the characteristic that the ground forms a current loop, before testing, the measurement parameters are selected according to the design parameters and the lightning resistance level matching of the tested iron tower, the lightning impulse current generator provides large impulse current, the potential testing device is used for obtaining the potential of each signal testing point on the tower body, so that the potential distribution of the tested iron tower is obtained, meanwhile, the test of the impulse current and the impulse voltage is carried out on the tested iron tower, the impulse impedance among the testing points on the tower body is further calculated, and the impulse impedance distribution diagram of the iron tower is drawn. Therefore, the method and the device can simultaneously realize the test of the potential distribution and the impact impedance characteristic of the iron tower, and have important scientific significance and engineering practical value.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for testing potential distribution and impedance characteristics of an iron tower based on lightning impulse according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a testing method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic wiring diagram of a testing method according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a distribution of signal test points according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the test positions of the surge voltage and the surge current and the distribution of the surge impedance according to the embodiment of the present application.
Illustration of the drawings: 1-a lightning surge current generator; 2-sheath insulated wire; 3-weakly damped capacitive divider; 4-measured iron tower, 41-iron tower body; 42-differential current sensor; 5-communication light; 6-digital oscilloscope; 7-potential testing device, 71-voltage testing probe; 72-insulating operating rod.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a method for testing potential distribution and impedance characteristics of an iron tower based on lightning impulse, where the method includes the following steps:
and S101, acquiring matched measuring equipment according to the design parameters and the lightning resistance level of the measured iron tower.
The design parameters of the tested iron tower include, but are not limited to, a grounding resistance value of the iron tower, an impact resistance value of a tower body of the iron tower, an impact impedance of a tower material of the iron tower, and the like. The measuring equipment comprises an impulse voltage measuring device, an impulse current measuring device, a potential testing device, a digital oscilloscope and the like. The digital oscilloscope is used for acquiring data of each measuring device and performing corresponding A/D conversion, thereby realizing the functions of waveform triggering, storage, display, measurement, waveform data analysis and the like.
And S102, acquiring distribution of signal test points, and selecting an impulse voltage reference zero potential point.
Signal test points for measuring potential distribution and impact current of different parts of the tower body can be arranged according to actual needs, and the parts with changed tower body structures or tower body impedance of the iron tower are preferably selected, as shown in figure 4, so that the accuracy and the representativeness of test results are improved. The uniform voltage reference zero potential point is selected, the potential difference between two test points can be accurately calculated, and the impact impedance between the test points of the iron tower and the iron tower potential distribution condition between the test points can be accurately calculated and analyzed according to the impact current distribution of test sampling.
Optionally, the impulse voltage is referred to the distance L from the zero potential point to the tested iron tower1For the length L of the diagonal line of the grounding grid of the measured iron tower23-5 times of the total weight of the product. Practice shows that when impact current enters the ground through the iron tower, the potential of the soil around the iron tower rises, and the potential change is greatly different along with the change of the resistivity of the surrounding soil, if the position points are selected as impact voltage reference zero potential points for testing, the potential test of the iron tower is inaccurate, and L is less than L1When the length of the diagonal line of the grounding grid of the iron tower is 3-5 times, the power can be considered to be dispersed, the potential is basically zero potential, the potential test of the iron tower cannot be influenced, and the accuracy and the reliability of the test result are improved.
And S103, selecting a matched lightning impulse current generator according to the lightning resistance level of the tested iron tower.
And step S104, applying lightning impulse current to the tested iron tower by the lightning impulse current generator.
The lightning current Heidler model recommended by the international electrotechnical commission is:
in the formula I0Is the magnitude of the lightning current, in units of A (amperes); eta is a lightning peak value correction factor, and the value of eta is 1; n is a current gradient factor with a value of 2; tau is1Taking 2.6 mu s as wave head time; tau is2For the tail time, take 50. mu.s.
The lightning impulse current generator can generate various impulse current test waveforms, and optionally, the lightning impulse current output by the lightning impulse current generator has the following characteristics: the maximum voltage is 3600kV, the peak value of lightning current is 120kA, the waveforms are 8/20 mu s, 2/10 mu s and 1.2/50 mu s, and the impact effect of the lightning current on an iron tower is simulated.
And S105, testing the impact voltage, the impact current at each signal test point and the potential distribution of the tested iron tower by using the measuring equipment.
And step S106, calculating the impact impedance of each signal test point according to the potential distribution of the tested iron tower and the impact current of each signal test point to obtain the impact impedance characteristic distribution map of the tested iron tower.
As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, in order to implement the connection structure diagram of the testing method of the present application, the measuring apparatus in step S101 includes: impulse voltage measuring device, impulse current measuring device, digital oscilloscope and potential testing device.
In a possible implementation manner, the impulse voltage measuring device adopts a weak damping capacitive voltage divider 3, a digital oscilloscope 6 is connected with the tower top of a measured iron tower 4 through the damping capacitive voltage divider 3, the weak damping capacitive voltage divider 3 is connected with the lightning impulse current generator 1, and the sampling rate of the digital oscilloscope 6 is greater than or equal to 5M/S.
In another possible implementation manner, the impulse voltage measuring device adopts a high-voltage probe, the digital oscilloscope 6 is connected with the tower top of the measured iron tower 4 through the damping capacitive voltage divider 3, the weak damping capacitive voltage divider 3 is connected with the lightning impulse current generator 1, the high-voltage probe is connected with the digital oscilloscope 6, and the sampling rate of the digital oscilloscope 6 is greater than or equal to 5M/S; the digital oscilloscope 6 is triggered by the voltage signal of the weak damping capacitive voltage divider 3 to record waves, and the Power supply of the digital oscilloscope 6 is separated from the converter station ground network by adopting isolation transformer Power supply or UPS (Uninterruptible Power System).
The impulse current measuring device can adopt a current testing coil, in the embodiment, a differential current sensor can be adopted, the digital oscilloscope 6 is connected with the differential current sensor 41, and the differential current sensor 41 is used for testing the impulse current of each signal testing point. The differential current sensor 41, also called rogowski coil and current measuring coil, outputs a differential signal of current with respect to time, and can restore the input current by a circuit integrating the output voltage signal, thereby testing the impulse current.
The potential testing device 7 is used for testing potential differences of signal testing points under lightning impulse current relative to an impulse voltage reference zero potential point, the potential testing device 7 comprises a voltage testing probe 71, an insulating operating rod 72 and an insulating conducting wire, the insulating operating rod 72 is connected with the impulse voltage reference zero potential point through the insulating conducting wire, the voltage testing probe 71 is fixed on the insulating operating rod 72, and the voltage testing probe 71 is connected with the digital oscilloscope 6. Based on the impulse voltage reference zero potential point, the potential distribution condition of the tested iron tower 4 can be obtained by testing the potentials of different signal test points on the iron tower body by using the voltage test probe 71.
The digital oscilloscope 6 can record the voltage and the waveform curve thereof on the weak damping capacitive voltage divider 3 when the lightning impulse occurs, the lightning impulse current and the waveform curve thereof flowing through the tested iron tower 4, and the voltage and the waveform curve thereof at different parts on the iron tower body tested by the potential testing device 7.
In order to improve the testing efficiency and accuracy, in this embodiment, the electronic components may communicate with each other and transmit data through optical fibers. Specifically, the weak damping capacitive voltage divider 3 is connected with the lightning impulse current generator 1 through a sheath insulated wire 2, and the measured iron tower 4 is connected with the weak damping capacitive voltage divider 3 through the sheath insulated wire 2; the weak damping capacitive voltage divider 3, the impulse voltage measuring device, the impulse current measuring device and the potential testing device 7 are respectively connected with the digital oscilloscope 6 through communication light 5.
According to the obtained potential of each signal test point (that is, the potential difference of each signal test point on the tower body relative to the impulse voltage reference zero potential point) and the impulse current at each signal test point, the impulse impedance between each test point can be obtained, and under the distribution state of the signal test points as shown in fig. 4, the impulse impedance characteristic distribution diagram of the tested iron tower as shown in fig. 5 can be finally obtained through the steps S101 to S106.
According to the technical scheme, the method provided by the application makes full use of the characteristic that the ground forms a current loop, before testing, the measurement parameters are selected according to the design parameters and the lightning resistance level matching of the tested iron tower, the lightning impulse current generator provides large impulse current, the potential testing device is used for obtaining the potential of each signal testing point on the tower body, so that the potential distribution of the tested iron tower is obtained, meanwhile, the test of the impulse current and the impulse voltage is carried out on the tested iron tower, the impulse impedance among the testing points on the tower body is further calculated, and the impulse impedance distribution diagram of the iron tower is drawn. Therefore, the method and the device can simultaneously realize the test of the potential distribution and the impact impedance characteristic of the iron tower, and have important scientific significance and engineering practical value.
Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the techniques of the embodiments of the present application may be implemented in software, and related hardware devices as such. In a specific implementation, the present application further provides a computer storage medium, where the computer storage medium may store a program, and the program may include some or all of the steps in the method for testing the potential distribution and the impedance characteristic of the iron tower based on the lightning impulse provided by the present application when executed. The storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (ROM) or a Random Access Memory (RAM).
The above-described embodiments of the present application do not limit the scope of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. A method for testing potential distribution and impedance characteristics of an iron tower based on lightning impulse is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring matched measuring equipment according to the design parameters and lightning resistance level of the measured iron tower;
acquiring distribution of signal test points, and selecting an impulse voltage reference zero potential point;
selecting a matched lightning impulse current generator according to the lightning resistance level of the tested iron tower;
applying lightning impulse current to the tested iron tower by the lightning impulse current generator;
testing the impact voltage, the impact current at each signal test point and the potential distribution of the tested iron tower by using the measuring equipment;
calculating the impact impedance of each signal test point according to the potential distribution of the tested iron tower and the impact current at each signal test point to obtain an impact impedance characteristic distribution diagram of the tested iron tower;
the measuring equipment further comprises a potential testing device, wherein the potential testing device is used for testing the potential difference of each signal testing point relative to an impulse voltage reference zero potential point under the lightning impulse current, the potential testing device comprises an insulating operating rod, an insulating lead and a voltage testing probe, the insulating operating rod is connected with the impulse voltage reference zero potential point through the insulating lead, the voltage testing probe is fixed on the insulating operating rod, and the voltage testing probe is connected with a digital oscilloscope;
the distance L from the impulse voltage reference zero potential point to the tested iron tower1For the length L of the diagonal line of the grounding grid of the measured iron tower23-5 times of the total weight of the product.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the measuring equipment comprises an impulse voltage measuring device and a digital oscilloscope, the impulse voltage measuring device adopts a weak damping capacitive voltage divider, the digital oscilloscope is connected with the tower top of the tower to be measured through the damping capacitive voltage divider, the weak damping capacitive voltage divider is connected with the lightning impulse current generator, and the sampling rate of the digital oscilloscope is greater than or equal to 5M/S.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the measuring equipment comprises an impulse voltage measuring device, a weak damping capacitor voltage divider and a digital oscilloscope, the impulse voltage measuring device adopts a high-voltage probe, the digital oscilloscope is connected with the tower top of the tower to be measured through the damping capacitor voltage divider, the weak damping capacitor voltage divider is connected with the lightning impulse current generator, the high-voltage probe is connected with the digital oscilloscope, and the sampling rate of the digital oscilloscope is greater than or equal to 5M/S; and the digital oscilloscope is triggered to record waves by the voltage signal of the weak damping capacitive voltage divider, and a power supply source of the digital oscilloscope is separated from a converter station ground network by adopting isolation transformer power supply or UPS power supply.
4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the measuring device further comprises a surge current measuring device which adopts a differential current sensor, and the digital oscilloscope is connected with the differential current sensor.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein when the load is greater than 10 Ω, the lightning surge current output by the lightning surge current generator has the following characteristics: the maximum voltage is 3600kV, the lightning current peak value is 120kA, and the waveforms are 8/20 mu s, 2/10 mu s and 1.2/50 mu s.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the weakly damped capacitive voltage divider and the lightning impulse current generator are connected by a sheath insulated wire, and the tower under test and the weakly damped capacitive voltage divider are connected by a sheath insulated wire; the weak damping capacitive voltage divider, the impulse voltage measuring device, the impulse current measuring device and the potential testing device are respectively connected with the digital oscilloscope through communication optical fibers.
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| CN112505424B (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2022-01-11 | 广东电网有限责任公司佛山供电局 | System and method for evaluating impact impedance distortion rate of vertical grounding electrode |
| CN112505423B (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2022-01-21 | 广东电网有限责任公司佛山供电局 | System and method for evaluating impact impedance distortion rate of horizontal grounding electrode |
| CN113608031B (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2024-02-02 | 北京英瑞来科技有限公司 | Impact impedance monitoring method and device for substation lightning arrester |
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