CN108539786A - A kind of photovoltaic power station reactive power compensator and method - Google Patents
A kind of photovoltaic power station reactive power compensator and method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H02J3/383—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
- H02J3/1821—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators
- H02J3/1835—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control
- H02J3/1864—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control wherein the stepless control of reactive power is obtained by at least one reactive element connected in series with a semiconductor switch
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/10—Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS]
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of photovoltaic power station reactive power compensator and methods, photovoltaic power station reactive power compensator includes the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter with reactive power adjustable function, photovoltaic array, TSC, AVC, transformer, load, low-voltage bus bar and mesohigh busbar, and photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, photovoltaic array, TSC and load access the first busbar and be incorporated to the second busbar via transformer again.Photovoltaic power station reactive power compensator provided by the invention and method, the overall cost of TSC and AVC is less than SVG, with better economy, power factor Primary regulation is carried out to photovoltaic power station using TSC, it detects the power factor of photovoltaic power station in real time by AVC and sends out reactive power regulating command to photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, power factor Secondary Control is carried out to photovoltaic power station by AVC and photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, avoids the problem of a large amount of low-order harmonics caused by reactive-load compensation are carried out using TCR.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to power control techniques fields, and in particular to a kind of photovoltaic power station reactive power compensator and side
Method.
Background technology
In photovoltaic power station, to ensure the economy on transportion wire road, transformer work, power supply department can be to electricity
The power factor stood claims and (is usually less than ± 0.92), when power factor, which is unsatisfactory for this, to be required, it usually needs be equipped with
Reactive power compensator carries out the adjustment of power factor, it is made to meet power factor command.Reactive-load compensation generally use SVC is (static
Reactive power compensator) or SVG (static reactive generator).There are mainly two types of sides for applications of the SVC in photovoltaic power station
Formula：TCR (thyristor-controlled reactor) and TSC (thyristor switchable capacitor), the former is only capable of providing continuously adjustable perceptual nothing
Work(, the latter, which is only capable of providing, is classified discontinuous capacitive reactive power, and the two response time is in 5~20ms.SVG utilizes power electronic technique
Reactive power continuously adjusting from perception to capacitive is realized, the response time, from the point of view of technical performance performance, SVG was not in 1ms
Carry out a kind of developing direction of reactive power compensation technology.
It follows that two kinds of technical solutions of SVC all have certain defect, i.e. reactive-load compensation is unidirectional, Zhi Nengshi
Perception or capacitive, in practical applications to realize two-way reactive-load compensation, it will usually use two schemes simultaneously.But
TCR will produce a large amount of low-order harmonics in reactive-load compensation adjustment process, need to increase additional filter, although TSC will not
Low-order harmonic is generated, but since capacitance group is classification switching, can not accomplish the accurate compensation to reactive capability.In addition, SVG
Though can preferably solve the above problems, cost increases more.
Invention content
Goal of the invention：To solve problems of the prior art, it is idle that the present invention provides a kind of photovoltaic power station
Compensation device and method.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
A kind of photovoltaic power station reactive power compensator, include photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter with reactive power adjustable function,
Photovoltaic array, TSC, AVC, transformer, load, the first busbar and the second busbar, the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, photovoltaic array, TSC and
Load accesses the first busbar and is incorporated to the second busbar via transformer again, and the voltage level of the first busbar is less than the voltage of the second busbar
Rank, TSC carry out power factor Primary regulation to photovoltaic power station, and AVC is connected with photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, and AVC is detected in real time
The power factor of photovoltaic power station simultaneously sends out reactive power regulating command to photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, for controlling photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter
Reactive power size and Orientation, power factor Secondary Control is carried out to photovoltaic power station by AVC and photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter.
Further, the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter is equipped with several and each photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter and a light with photovoltaic array
Photovoltaic array corresponds, and the TSC, load, several photovoltaic DC-to-AC converters and several photovoltaic arrays access the first busbar and pass through again
Second busbar is incorporated to by transformer.
Further, the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter is equipped with several and each photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter and a light with photovoltaic array
Photovoltaic array corresponds, and the TSC, load, several photovoltaic DC-to-AC converters and several photovoltaic arrays access the first busbares of 400V
Again the second busbares of 10kV are incorporated to via 0.4/10kV transformers.
Further, the power factor regulation of the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter ranging from 0.9~capacitive of perception 0.9.
Further, include the following steps：
Step 1: the long-term load operation data of investigation photovoltaic power station, determines capacity Qa needed for reactive-load compensation；
Step 2: the reactive power regulation performance parameter according to photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter calculates what photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter was capable of providing
Reactive power compensation planning range Qi；
Step 3: the reactive power compensation planning range Qi that the capacity Qa and step 2 that are obtained according to step 1 are obtained determines TSC
The reactive capability size Qc that can be provided；
Step 4: the power factor for the photovoltaic power station that TSC is obtained according to detection, automatic switching capacitance group are promoted
The power factor of photovoltaic power station realizes the Primary regulation of reactive power to being higher than ± 0.9；
Step 5: AVC detects the voltage and current signal at photovoltaic power station transformer in real time, the phase of the two is obtained
Potential difference calculates and obtains corresponding power factor, and after power factor absolute value is higher than 0.9, is sent out to all photovoltaic DC-to-AC converters
Go out reactive power regulating command；
Step 6: reactive power regulating command that all photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter receiving steps five transmit and making phase according to instruction
Same response, sends out reactive power, the power factor of photovoltaic power station is promoted to the power factor of power supply department requirement
Value, realizes the Secondary Control of reactive power.
Further, in step 2, the power factor regulation ranging from -0.9~+0.9 of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, according to formula one
Reactive power compensation planning range Qi is calculated：
-Si×(1-0.92)0.5≤Qi≤Si×(1-0.92)0.5Formula one
Wherein, photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter maximum output capacity is Si.
Further, in step 3, reactive capability size Qc is calculated according to formula two：
Qc=Qa-Qi formula two
Wherein, the reactive-load compensation of TSC is discontinuous adjustment mode, to meet the larger reactive power fluctuation of short-term load (duty)
Demand, there are appropriate allowances by reactive capability size Qc.
Further, in step 4, TSC detects the voltage and current signal of photovoltaic power station and is calculated in real time
Corresponding power factor, and the switching for being switched on or off instruction and carrying out capacitance group is sent to thyristor, promote distributed photovoltaic electricity
The power factor stood realizes the Primary regulation of reactive power to being higher than ± 0.9.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1) TSC is used to realize the Primary regulation of power factor；Voltage and current at photovoltaic plant transformer is detected by AVC
Signal is calculated corresponding power factor, and sends reactive power regulating command to all photovoltaic DC-to-AC converters, realizes control
The reactive power size and Orientation of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, using the reactive power regulatory function of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, realize power because
Several Secondary Controls；The two-way company of reactive power is realized using TSC and the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter with reactive power adjustable function
Continuous adjustable function, meets the technical indicator of reactive power compensator；
2) overall cost of TSC and AVC is less than SVG in the prior art so that reactive power compensator has preferably warp
Ji property；
3) it avoids in the prior art because of the problem of carrying out a large amount of low-order harmonics caused by reactive-load compensation using TCR.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the photovoltaic plant of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the principle of the present invention flow chart.
Specific implementation mode
The following describes the present invention in detail with reference to examples.
As shown in Figs. 1-2, a kind of photovoltaic power station reactive power compensator includes with reactive power adjustable function
Photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, photovoltaic array, TSC, AVC, transformer, load, the first busbar and the second busbar, photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, photovoltaic battle array
Row, TSC and load access the first busbar and are incorporated to the second busbar via transformer again, and the voltage level of the first busbar is female less than second
The voltage level of line, TSC carry out power factor Primary regulation to photovoltaic power station, and AVC is connected with photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, AVC
The power factor of photovoltaic power station is detected in real time and sends out reactive power regulating command to photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, for controlling light
The reactive power size and Orientation for lying prostrate inverter carries out power factor by AVC and photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter to photovoltaic power station
Secondary Control, power factor regulation ranging from 0.9~capacitive of perception 0.9 of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter.
A kind of photovoltaic power station reactive-load compensation method, includes the following steps：
Step 1: the long-term load operation data of investigation photovoltaic power station, determines capacity Qa needed for reactive-load compensation；
Step 2: the reactive power regulation performance parameter according to photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter calculates what photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter was capable of providing
Reactive power compensation planning range Qi；
Step 3: the reactive power compensation planning range Qi that the capacity Qa and step 2 that are obtained according to step 1 are obtained determines TSC
The reactive capability size Qc that can be provided；
Step 4: the power factor for the photovoltaic power station that TSC is obtained according to detection, automatic switching capacitance group are promoted
The power factor of photovoltaic power station realizes the Primary regulation of reactive power to being higher than ± 0.9；
Step 5: AVC detects the voltage and current signal at photovoltaic power station transformer in real time, the phase of the two is obtained
Potential difference calculates and obtains corresponding power factor, and after power factor absolute value is higher than 0.9, is sent out to all photovoltaic DC-to-AC converters
Go out reactive power regulating command；
Step 6: reactive power regulating command that all photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter receiving steps five transmit and making phase according to instruction
Same response, sends out reactive power, the power factor of photovoltaic power station is promoted to the power factor of power supply department requirement
Value, realizes the Secondary Control of reactive power.
In step 2, the power factor regulation ranging from -0.9~+0.9 of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter is calculated according to formula one
Reactive power compensation planning range Qi：
-Si×(1-0.92)0.5≤Qi≤Si×(1-0.92)0.5Formula one
Wherein, photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter maximum output capacity is Si.
In step 3, reactive capability size Qc is calculated according to formula two：
Qc=Qa-Qi formula two
Wherein, the reactive-load compensation of TSC is discontinuous adjustment mode, to meet the larger reactive power fluctuation of short-term load (duty)
Demand, there are appropriate allowances by reactive capability size Qc.
In step 4, TSC detects the voltage and current signal of photovoltaic power station and corresponding work(is calculated in real time
Rate factor, and the switching for being switched on or off instruction and carrying out capacitance group is sent to thyristor, promote the power of photovoltaic power station
Factor realizes the Primary regulation of reactive power to being higher than ± 0.9.
The present invention does not limit the voltage level of the first busbar, the second busbar and transformer, the busbar of different voltage levels
Be suitable for the present invention with transformer, can be selected according to actual demand voltage level, photovoltaic array and photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter number,
Specification etc., highly practical, TSC thyristor switchable capacitors and the commercially available acquisitions of AVC or the use prior art obtain.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figs. 1-2, a kind of photovoltaic power station reactive power compensator, including it is several photovoltaic arrays 1-n, several
A photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter 1-n, TSC, AVC, 0.4/10kV transformer with reactive power adjustable function, load, 400V low pressure
The second busbar of one busbar and 10kV mesohighs, each photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter and a photovoltaic array correspond, photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, light
It is female that photovoltaic array, TSC and the first busbar of load access 400V low pressure are incorporated to 10kV mesohighs second via 0.4/10kV transformers again
Line, TSC carry out power factor Primary regulation to photovoltaic power station, and AVC detects photovoltaic power station 0.4/10kV in real time
Voltage and current signal at transformer obtains voltage and current phase difference, and then corresponding power factor is calculated, concurrently
Go out reactive power regulating command to all photovoltaic DC-to-AC converters, the reactive power size for controlling all photovoltaic DC-to-AC converters and side
To by AVC and photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter to photovoltaic power station progress power factor Secondary Control.
The power factor regulation of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter ranging from 0.9~capacitive of perception 0.9.
A kind of photovoltaic power station reactive-load compensation method, includes the following steps：
Step 1: the long-term load operation data of investigation photovoltaic power station, determines capacity Qa needed for reactive-load compensation；
Since the power factor examination of power supply department is according to long-term power factor value, and inductive load is distributed light
Overhead utility generates the capital equipment of reactive power, therefore can be according to idle in a period of time for this type load that power station has recorded
Power average value is as capacity Qa needed for reactive-load compensation.
Step 2: according to the Reactive-power control performance parameter of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter calculate photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter be capable of providing it is idle
Compensation ability range Qi, the specific steps are：
In the performance parameter for the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter for having reactive power regulation performance, power factor regulation model can be provided
It encloses, usually -0.9~+0.9, if the maximum output capacity of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter is Si, reactive power compensation planning range Qi is：
-Si×(1-0.92)0.5≤Qi≤Si×(1-0.92)0.5Formula one
Step 3: the reactive power compensation planning range Qi that the capacity Qa and step 2 that are obtained according to step 1 are obtained determines TSC
The reactive capability size Qc that can be provided：
Qc=Qa-Qi formula two
Wherein, the reactive-load compensation of TSC is discontinuous adjustment mode, to meet the larger reactive power fluctuation of short-term load (duty)
Demand, there are 10% allowances by reactive capability size Qc；
Step 4: TSC detects the voltage and current signal of photovoltaic power station in real time, calculate obtain corresponding power because
Number, TSC send the switching that on/off instruction carries out capacitance group according to the power factor of photovoltaic power station to thyristor,
It realizes automatic switching capacitance group, promotes the power factor of photovoltaic power station to being higher than ± 0.9, complete the primary of reactive power
It adjusts, realizes rough reactive-load compensation.
Step 5: detecting the voltage and current signal at photovoltaic power station transformer in real time using AVC, voltage is obtained
With the phase difference of electric current, corresponding power factor is obtained to calculate, and after power factor absolute value is higher than 0.9, to institute
There is photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter 1-n to send out reactive power regulating command.
Step 6: the reactive power regulating command that all photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter 1-n receiving steps five transmit, all photovoltaic inversions
Device 1-n makes same response, sends out corresponding reactive power, and the power factor of photovoltaic power station is promoted to power supply department
It is required that power factor value, complete the Secondary Control of reactive power, realize accurate reactive-load compensation.
In step 6, the power factor of photovoltaic power station is promoted to the power factor value of power supply department requirement, work(
Rate factor can reach ± 0.99, consider error range, and the absolute value of power factor will not be exactly 0.99, and power factor is also at this time
Can be 0.99x, wherein x is the integer between 1~9.
To make reactive power compensator that there is good stable state and dynamic property, the adjustable range of TSC to meet load and put down for a long time
The demand of equal reactive capability, the reactive power adjustable range of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter meet need of the load short-time fluctuations to reactive power
It asks.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that：For the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of photovoltaic power station reactive power compensator, which is characterized in that include the light with reactive power adjustable function
Lie prostrate inverter, photovoltaic array, TSC, AVC, transformer, load, the first busbar and the second busbar, the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, photovoltaic
Array, TSC and load access the first busbar and are incorporated to the second busbar via transformer again, and TSC carries out work(to photovoltaic power station
Rate factor Primary regulation, AVC are connected with photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, and AVC detects the power factor of photovoltaic power station and sends out in real time
Reactive power regulating command is to photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, the reactive power size and Orientation for controlling photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, by AVC and
Photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter carries out power factor Secondary Control to photovoltaic power station.
2. a kind of photovoltaic power station reactive power compensator according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the photovoltaic is inverse
Become device and be equipped with several and each photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter and a photovoltaic array one-to-one correspondence with photovoltaic array, the TSC, bears
Lotus, several photovoltaic DC-to-AC converters and several photovoltaic arrays access the first busbar and are incorporated to the second busbar via transformer again.
3. a kind of photovoltaic power station reactive power compensator according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the photovoltaic is inverse
Become device and be equipped with several and each photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter and a photovoltaic array one-to-one correspondence with photovoltaic array, the TSC, bears
Lotus, several photovoltaic DC-to-AC converters and several photovoltaic arrays access the first busbares of 400V are incorporated to via 0.4/10kV transformers again
The second busbares of 10kV.
4. a kind of photovoltaic power station reactive power compensator according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the photovoltaic is inverse
Become power factor regulation ranging from 0.9~capacitive of perception 0.9 of device.
5. a kind of photovoltaic power station reactive-load compensation method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Step 1: the long-term load operation data of investigation photovoltaic power station, determines capacity Qa needed for reactive-load compensation；
Step 2: according to the reactive power regulation performance parameter of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter calculate photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter be capable of providing it is idle
Compensation ability range Qi；
Step 3: the reactive power compensation planning range Qi that the capacity Qa and step 2 that are obtained according to step 1 are obtained determines TSC institutes energy
The reactive capability size Qc of offer；
Step 4: the power factor for the photovoltaic power station that TSC is obtained according to detection, automatic switching capacitance group promote distribution
The power factor of formula photovoltaic plant realizes the Primary regulation of reactive power to being higher than ± 0.9；
Step 5: AVC detects the voltage and current signal at photovoltaic power station transformer in real time, the phase of the two is obtained
Difference calculates and obtains corresponding power factor, and after power factor absolute value is higher than 0.9, is sent out to all photovoltaic DC-to-AC converters
Reactive power regulating command；
Step 6: reactive power regulating command that all photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter receiving steps five transmit and sending out corresponding idle work(
The power factor of photovoltaic power station is promoted to the power factor value of power supply department requirement by rate, realizes the two of reactive power
Secondary adjusting.
6. a kind of photovoltaic power station reactive-load compensation method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that in step 2,
Reactive power compensation planning range is calculated according to formula one in the power factor regulation of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter ranging from -0.9~+0.9
Qi：
-Si×(1-0.92)0.5≤Qi≤Si×(1-0.92)0.5Formula one
Wherein, photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter maximum output capacity is Si.
7. a kind of photovoltaic power station reactive-load compensation method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that in step 3,
Reactive capability size Qc is calculated according to formula two：
Qc=Qa-Qi formula two
Wherein, the reactive-load compensation of TSC is discontinuous adjustment mode, to meet the need of the larger reactive power fluctuation of short-term load (duty)
It asks, there are appropriate allowances by reactive capability size Qc.
8. a kind of photovoltaic power station reactive-load compensation method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that in step 4,
TSC detects the voltage and current signal of photovoltaic power station and corresponding power factor is calculated in real time, and to thyristor
Transmission is switched on or off the switching that instruction carries out capacitance group, promotes the power factor of photovoltaic power station to being higher than ± 0.9, in fact
The Primary regulation of existing reactive power.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109412168A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-03-01 | 国网浙江新昌县供电有限公司 | Reactive voltage decentralized coordinated control system based on distributed photovoltaic power |
| CN109687513A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-04-26 | 协鑫能源工程有限公司 | Photovoltaic plant and its design method |
| CN112003336A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-11-27 | 上海振华重工电气有限公司 | Distributed photovoltaic power factor optimization system and method |
| CN113113932A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-07-13 | 国网山东省电力公司莱芜供电公司 | Voltage regulating device of photovoltaic power generation equipment |
| CN116388211A (en) * | 2023-06-07 | 2023-07-04 | 国网上海能源互联网研究院有限公司 | Distributed photovoltaic grid-connected voltage out-of-limit treatment method, device, system and medium |
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