CN108428783B - Longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 149
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 9
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910052451 lead zirconate titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 10
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- ZBSCCQXBYNSKPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead;oxomagnesium;2,4,5-trioxa-1$l^{5},3$l^{5}-diniobabicyclo[1.1.1]pentane 1,3-dioxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O.[Pb]=O.[Pb]=O.[Pb]=O.O1[Nb]2(=O)O[Nb]1(=O)O2 ZBSCCQXBYNSKPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- H10N30/057—Manufacture of multilayered piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices, or parts thereof, e.g. by stacking piezoelectric bodies and electrodes by stacking bulk piezoelectric or electrostrictive bodies and electrodes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material, which consists of two interdigital electrodes, piezoelectric fibers and a high polymer, wherein the piezoelectric fibers and the high polymer are alternately arranged, the piezoelectric fibers and the high polymer are positioned between an upper interdigital electrode and a lower interdigital electrode, the upper interdigital electrode and the lower interdigital electrode are in mirror symmetry, and the finger spacing between a positive electrode finger part and a negative electrode finger part of the upper interdigital electrode and the lower interdigital electrode continuously changes in a gradient manner along the longitudinal direction of the gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material. The longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material has high flexibility and excellent driving characteristics, and can provide continuously-changing driving deformability in the longitudinal direction of the piezoelectric fiber composite material; the gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material integrates the piezoelectric fiber, the polymer and the interdigital electrode, has high integration level and is convenient to operate and use; in addition, the gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material is prepared by adopting a cutting-filling method, so that the process is simple, the cost is low, the production period is short, and the product performance is stable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a piezoelectric composite material, in particular to a piezoelectric fiber composite material with a gradient structure of the inter-finger distance of electrodes and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The intelligent material and structure is a novel material and structure which can sense and process internal and external information by fusing a driver, a sensor and a microprocessing control system with a base material. By responding to the change of the environment, the intelligent material and the structure realize the functions of self-deformation, self-diagnosis, self-adaptation, self-repair and the like of the material, become a new multidisciplinary cross comprehensive science and are one of the current international leading-edge disciplines. Piezoelectric materials have been widely used in the fields of sensors, transducers, non-destructive testing and communication technologies, as one of the most widely used intelligent materials.
In order to solve the problems of small deformation, large brittleness and the like of the piezoelectric material, the american academy of labor and technology of the national ministry of Ma (national institute of technology) firstly proposes an intelligent piezoelectric composite material, namely a circular piezoelectric fiber composite material in 1993. However, the structure uses the round fibers as functional phases, so that the contact area between the fibers and the electrodes is small, the electric field efficiency is low, the process for preparing the composite material by adopting the round fibers is complex, and the yield is low. In order to improve the structural defects of the circular piezoelectric fiber composite material, the U.S. aerospace and space administration adopts the rectangular piezoelectric fibers to replace the circular piezoelectric fibers to improve the structure, so that the rectangular piezoelectric fiber composite material which is widely applied at present is obtained. The composite material is obtained by packaging the piezoelectric fibers which are unidirectionally and uniformly distributed by two interdigital electrodes which are mirror-symmetrical, and the interdigital electrode structure can effectively utilize the d33 performance of the piezoelectric fibers, so that the composite material has larger driving strain, and simultaneously, the polarization and the driving voltage are also reduced. Compared with piezoelectric ceramic and other piezoelectric composite materials with other structural types, the piezoelectric fiber composite material has the advantages of large unidirectional driving force, thin thickness, light weight and high flexibility, can be bent and twisted greatly and can be easily adhered to the surface of a complex structure as an additional structure, so that the application field of a piezoelectric device is greatly expanded. In recent years, piezoelectric fiber composites have shown broad application prospects as drivers in the fields of shape control, vibration control, flutter suppression, buffeting control, and the like of large intelligent structures, such as deployable antenna structures, helicopter rotor systems, and the like.
However, due to the limitation of various factors such as the preparation process of the piezoelectric ceramic fiber and the preparation yield of the piezoelectric fiber composite material, the maximum size of the effective area of the piezoelectric fiber composite material which is commercialized at present is 85mm × 57mm. When the piezoelectric fiber composite material is applied to a large structure as a driver, for example, when vibration or deformation control is performed on a large main structure such as an expandable antenna structure and a helicopter rotor, a plurality of pieces of piezoelectric fiber composite material need to be adhered to an area to be deformed in the main structure according to a specific layering mode, and corresponding voltages are applied to the single pieces of piezoelectric fiber composite material respectively to perform drive control, so that a given drive effect is achieved. The horizontal direction of piezoelectric fiber combined material in the present generally used monolithic piezoelectric fiber combined material is even periodic arrangement, and fibre width and interval are the constant value promptly, and each electrode indicates that structural parameter is the same in the interdigital electrode, and positive and negative electrode finger portion width is the same promptly, and the interval of adjacent electrode positive pole finger portion and negative pole finger portion is the same, consequently can provide the same polarization electric field and driving electric field for the piezoelectric fiber in different regions, and then guaranteed that piezoelectric fiber combined material all has the same driving force in different regions.
In order to ensure that the large-scale main structure achieves the corresponding vibration control or deformation control effect, different areas of the main structure need to be controlled respectively. In order to maintain the continuity of the vibration or deformation control of the main body structure, a plurality of pieces of piezoelectric fiber composite materials are adhered to the area, needing to be deformed, of the main body structure according to a specific layering mode, and different driving voltages are respectively applied to the plurality of pieces of piezoelectric fiber composite materials which are layered, so that the complexity of an external driving power supply system is greatly increased, and the light weight design of the system is greatly influenced. In addition, the layout enables the driving force between the adjacent piezoelectric fiber composite materials to be changed in a step manner, so that distortion points or areas are easily generated on the main body structure, and the stable and continuous change of the vibration control or the deformation control of the main body structure is difficult to maintain.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention provides a gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material, which has a gradient driving deformability in a longitudinal direction, high flexibility and excellent driving characteristics.
The invention relates to a longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material, which consists of two interdigital electrodes, piezoelectric fibers and a high polymer, and is characterized in that: piezoelectric fiber and high-molecular polymer are located between two upper and lower interdigitate electrodes, and piezoelectric fiber and high-molecular polymer are at piezoelectric fiber combined material's transverse direction NULL, two upper and lower interdigitate electrodes are mirror symmetry, and the alternately unequal interval arrangement of positive finger portion and negative finger portion of interdigitate electrode, and the finger distance between adjacent electrode positive finger portion and the negative finger portion is continuous gradient change along piezoelectric fiber combined material's longitudinal direction promptly.
Further, the continuous gradient change is: along the longitudinal direction of the piezoelectric fiber composite material, the distance between the positive electrode finger parts and the negative electrode finger parts of the adjacent interdigital electrodes is gradually decreased, and the longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material is represented in a way that the distance between the electrode finger parts is decreased from a value A to a value B, wherein the value A is more than or equal to 1.5mm, and the value B is more than or equal to 0.5mm; the gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material has the law that the driving force in the longitudinal direction is gradually increased.
Further, the continuous gradient change is: along the longitudinal direction of the piezoelectric fiber composite material, the distance between the positive electrode finger parts and the negative electrode finger parts of the adjacent electrodes gradually increases and then gradually decreases, and the longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material is represented by the fact that the distance between the electrode fingers gradually increases from a value B to a value A and then gradually decreases to a value B, wherein the value A is more than or equal to 1.5mm and more than B is more than or equal to 0.5mm, and the value A is more than or equal to 1.5mm and more than B is more than or equal to 0.5mm; the gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material has the rule that the driving force in the middle of the longitudinal direction is smaller than the driving forces on two longitudinal sides.
Further, the continuous gradient change is: along the longitudinal direction of the piezoelectric fiber composite material, the distance between the adjacent electrode positive finger parts and the adjacent electrode negative finger parts is gradually decreased and then gradually increased, and the distance is expressed as the longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material that the electrode finger distance is gradually decreased from a value A to a value B and then gradually increased to a value a; wherein, A is more than or equal to 1.5mm and B is more than or equal to 0.5mm, a is more than or equal to 1.5mm and B is more than or equal to 0.5mm; the gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material has the rule that the driving force of the middle part in the longitudinal direction is greater than the driving forces of the two longitudinal sides.
The material of the piezoelectric fiber can be piezoelectric ceramic or piezoelectric single crystal.
The high molecular polymer is thermosetting resin.
The interdigital electrode is a single-sided printed flexible wiring board composed of a polyimide film and an electrode layer plated thereon.
The preparation method of the longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material comprises the following steps: 1) And cutting the piezoelectric bulk material into piezoelectric sheets, and cutting the piezoelectric sheets along the longitudinal direction to obtain the piezoelectric fibers with consistent width in the transverse direction.
2) Filling high molecular polymers in the gaps of the piezoelectric fibers obtained in the step 1) to obtain piezoelectric fibers/high molecular composites in which the piezoelectric fibers and the high molecular polymers are alternately arranged.
3) And obtaining the single-surface interdigital electrode circuit board by adopting an etching process, wherein the finger distance between an anode finger part and a cathode finger part of adjacent electrodes of the interdigital electrode has a gradient change rule.
4) And (3) respectively covering the upper surface and the lower surface of the compound obtained in the step 2) with the two interdigital electrode circuit boards obtained in the step 2) in a mirror symmetry manner, and packaging to obtain the longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material.
5) And 4) carrying out polarization treatment on the longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material obtained in the step 4).
In the step 1), the thickness of the piezoelectric sheet is 0.15-0.3 mm, the width is 10-60.0 mm, and the length is 25-150 mm.
In the step 1), the thickness of the piezoelectric fiber is 0.15-0.3 mm, the width is 0.15-0.3 mm, and the length is 25-150 mm.
In the step 1), the gap between the piezoelectric fibers is 0.05-0.2 mm.
In the step 3), the electrode finger distance of the interdigital electrode is 0.5-1.5 mm.
In the step 3), the electrode width of the interdigital electrode is 0.06-0.10 mm.
In the step 5), the polarization treatment method is to apply polarization voltage to the room-temperature silicone oil according to the voltage of 2.5-3.5 kV/mm multiplied by the distance between adjacent positive and negative electrode fingers, and the polarization time is 10-40 min.
The technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the existing piezoelectric materials with different structural types, the finger pitch of the adjacent positive fingers and the negative fingers of the crossed finger-shaped electrode in the longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material is continuously changed in a gradient manner along the longitudinal direction of the gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material, so that the continuously changed driving deformability can be provided in the longitudinal direction of the composite material; the gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material integrates the piezoelectric fiber, the polymer and the interdigital electrode, has high integration level and is convenient to operate and use; in addition, the gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material is prepared by adopting a cutting-filling method, the process is simple, the cost is low, the production period is short, and the product performance is stable.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material of example 1.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material of example 2.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material of example 3.
In the figure: (1) the interdigital electrode comprises (1) a positive electrode finger part of the interdigital electrode, (2) a negative electrode finger part of the interdigital electrode, (3), a piezoelectric fiber, (4) and a high polymer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments, and various substitutions and alterations made by those skilled in the art and by conventional means without departing from the technical idea of the invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Example 1: the utility model provides a longitudinal gradient piezoelectricity fibre combined material, comprises two interdigitation electrode, piezoelectric fiber and high molecular polymer NULL, piezoelectric fiber and high molecular polymer are located between two upper and lower interdigitation electrode, and upper and lower two interdigitation electrode are mirror symmetry, the positive pole finger portion and the negative pole finger portion of interdigitation electrode are not equidistant range in turn, and the interval between the positive pole electrode finger portion and the negative pole electrode finger portion of interdigitation electrode is continuous gradient change along gradient piezoelectricity fibre combined material's longitudinal direction, and the interval between the positive pole electrode finger portion and the negative pole electrode finger portion of interdigitation electrode along gradient piezoelectricity fibre combined material's longitudinal direction diminishes gradually, shows that the electrode finger interval progressively increases to 1.25 mm by 0.7 mm, and wherein it is 0.05mm to increase progressively.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1. cutting the lead zirconate titanate P-51 ceramic block by using a cutting machine to obtain a lead zirconate titanate P-51 piezoelectric ceramic sheet with the width of 15.5 mm, the length of 23.4 mm and the thickness of 0.18 mm; the lead zirconate titanate P-51 piezoelectric ceramic sheet was cut at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction by a fine cutter having a saw blade thickness of 0.07 mm, to obtain piezoelectric fibers having a gap and a width in the transverse direction of 0.07 mm and 0.3mm, respectively.
2. The gaps between the lead zirconate titanate P-51 piezoelectric fibers were filled with a resin 2020 to obtain a lead zirconate titanate P-51 piezoelectric ceramic fiber/resin composite having a fiber width and a resin width of 0.3mm and 0.07 mm, respectively.
3. The single-sided interdigitated electrode circuit board with the total thickness of about 0.07 mm is obtained on a single-sided copper-clad plate by adopting an etching process, wherein the widths of the anode finger parts and the cathode finger parts of the interdigitated electrodes are both 0.08 mm, and the distance between the anode finger parts and the cathode finger parts of the adjacent electrodes of the interdigitated electrodes is gradually increased from 0.7 mm to 1.25 mm in an increasing range of 0.05mm along the longitudinal direction.
4. Two interdigital electrodes are respectively covered on the upper surface and the lower surface of the lead zirconate titanate P-51 piezoelectric ceramic fiber/resin composite in a mirror symmetry manner, and the longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material is obtained by applying pressure and temperature for packaging; and (3) placing the longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material in room-temperature silicone oil, applying 2.4 kV direct-current voltage for 15 min for polarization, and testing the strain performance of the longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material after placing for 1 h.
5. Respectively testing the strain capacity at the electrode finger spacing of 0.7 mm and the strain capacity at the electrode finger spacing of 1.25 mm under the alternating sinusoidal voltage with the voltage amplitude of-500V to +1500V and the frequency of 0.1 Hz, and respectively obtaining strain values of 1890 mu epsilon and 1045 mu epsilon.
Example 2: a longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material is composed of two crossed finger-shaped electrodes, piezoelectric fibers and high polymer, wherein the piezoelectric fibers and the high polymer are alternately arranged, the piezoelectric fibers and the high polymer are positioned between the upper crossed finger-shaped electrode and the lower crossed finger-shaped electrode, the upper crossed finger-shaped electrode and the lower crossed finger-shaped electrode are in mirror symmetry, positive finger parts and negative finger parts of the crossed finger-shaped electrodes are alternately arranged at unequal intervals, the interval between the positive electrode finger parts and the negative electrode finger parts of the crossed finger-shaped electrodes is in continuous gradient change along the longitudinal direction of the gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material, the interval between the positive electrode finger parts and the negative electrode finger parts of the crossed finger-shaped electrodes along the longitudinal direction of the piezoelectric fiber composite material gradually increases and then gradually decreases, the interval between the electrode finger parts is gradually increased from 0.6 mm to 1.1 mm and then gradually decreases to 0.7 mm, and the increasing and decreasing amplitudes are both 0.1 mm.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1, cutting the lead magnesium niobate piezoelectric single crystal by using a cutting machine to obtain a lead magnesium niobate piezoelectric single crystal slice with the width of 29.6 mm, the length of 32.8 mm and the thickness of 0.25 mm; the lead magnesium niobate piezoelectric single crystal thin sheet is cut at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction by a fine cutting machine with a saw blade thickness of 0.1mm, and piezoelectric fibers with a gap and a width of 0.1mm and 0.4 mm in the transverse direction are obtained.
2. And filling resin E-51 in the gaps of the lead magnesium niobate piezoelectric fibers to obtain the lead magnesium niobate piezoelectric single crystal fiber/resin composite with the fiber width and the resin width of 0.4 mm and 0.1mm respectively.
3. The single-sided interdigital electrode circuit board with the total thickness of 0.07 mm is obtained on the copper-clad plate by adopting an etching process, wherein the widths of the anode finger parts and the cathode finger parts of the interdigital electrodes are both 0.06 mm, the finger spacing of the anode finger parts and the cathode finger parts of the adjacent electrodes of the interdigital electrodes along the longitudinal direction is gradually increased from 0.6 mm to 1.1 mm in an increasing amplitude of 0.1mm, and then is gradually decreased to 0.7 mm in a decreasing amplitude of 0.1 mm.
4, using two interdigital electrodes to respectively cover the upper surface and the lower surface of the lead magnesium niobate piezoelectric single crystal fiber/resin composite in a mirror symmetry manner, and packaging by applying pressure and temperature to obtain a longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material; and (3) placing the longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material in room-temperature silicone oil, applying 2 kV direct-current voltage, maintaining the pressure for 15 min for polarization, and testing the strain performance of the gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material after placing for 1 h.
And 5, respectively testing the strain capacity of the electrode fingers at the positions with the distance of 0.6 mm and 1.1 mm under the alternating sinusoidal voltage with the voltage amplitude of-500V to +1500V and the frequency of 0.1 Hz, and respectively obtaining the strain values of 3090 mu epsilon and 1865 mu epsilon.
Example 3: a longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material is composed of two crossed finger-shaped electrodes, piezoelectric fibers and high polymer, wherein the piezoelectric fibers and the high polymer are alternately arranged, the piezoelectric fibers and the high polymer are positioned between the upper crossed finger-shaped electrode and the lower crossed finger-shaped electrode, the upper crossed finger-shaped electrode and the lower crossed finger-shaped electrode are in mirror symmetry, positive finger parts and negative finger parts of the crossed finger-shaped electrodes are alternately arranged at unequal intervals, the intervals between the positive electrode finger parts and the negative electrode finger parts of the crossed finger-shaped electrodes are in continuous gradient change along the longitudinal direction of the gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material, the intervals between the positive electrode finger parts and the negative electrode finger parts of the crossed finger-shaped electrodes along the longitudinal direction of the piezoelectric fiber composite material gradually decrease and then gradually increase, the electrode finger intervals are shown to gradually decrease from 1.05 mm to 0.6 mm and then gradually increase to 1.1 mm, and the increasing and decreasing amplitudes are both 0.1 mm.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1, cutting the lead zirconate titanate P-5H piezoelectric ceramic by using a cutting machine to obtain a lead zirconate titanate P-5H piezoelectric ceramic sheet with the width of 34 mm, the length of 60.0mm and the thickness of 0.3 mm; the lead zirconate titanate P-5H piezoelectric ceramic sheet was cut at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction by a fine cutting machine having a saw blade thickness of 0.15mm, to obtain piezoelectric fibers having a gap and a width in the transverse direction of 0.15mm and 0.25 mm, respectively.
And 2, filling resin E-120HP in the gaps of the lead zirconate titanate P-5H piezoelectric fibers to obtain the lead zirconate titanate P-5H piezoelectric ceramic fiber/resin composite with the fiber width and the resin width of 0.25 mm and 0.15mm respectively.
And 3, obtaining the single-sided interdigital electrode circuit board with the total thickness of 0.07 mm on the copper-clad plate by adopting an etching process, wherein the widths of the anode finger parts and the cathode finger parts of the interdigital electrodes are both 0.1mm, the finger distance between the anode finger parts and the cathode finger parts of the adjacent electrodes of the interdigital electrodes along the longitudinal direction is gradually reduced from 1.05 mm to 0.6 mm in a decreasing amplitude of 0.05mm, and then is gradually increased to 1.1 mm in an increasing amplitude of 0.05mm.
4, respectively covering the upper surface and the lower surface of the lead zirconate titanate P-5H piezoelectric ceramic fiber/resin composite by using two interdigital electrodes in a mirror symmetry manner, and packaging by applying pressure and temperature to obtain a longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material; and (3) placing the longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material in room-temperature silicone oil, applying 2 kV direct-current voltage, maintaining the pressure for 15 min, polarizing, and testing the strain performance of the longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material after placing for 1 h.
And 5, respectively testing the strain capacity at the positions of 0.6 mm and 1.1 mm of electrode finger spacing under the alternating sinusoidal voltage with the voltage amplitude of-500V to +1500V and the frequency of 0.1 Hz to obtain strain values of 1387 mu epsilon and 718 mu epsilon.
Comparative example 1: the piezoelectric fiber composite material 1 is characterized in that a cutting machine is utilized to cut a lead zirconate titanate P-51 ceramic block body to obtain a lead zirconate titanate P-51 piezoelectric ceramic sheet with the width of 15.5 mm, the length of 23.4 mm and the thickness of 0.18 mm; the lead zirconate titanate P-51 piezoelectric ceramic sheet was cut at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction by a fine cutter having a saw blade thickness of 0.07 mm, to obtain piezoelectric fibers having a gap and a width in the transverse direction of 0.07 mm and 0.3mm, respectively.
And 2, filling resin 2020 in gaps of the lead zirconate titanate P-51 piezoelectric fiber to obtain a lead zirconate titanate P-51 piezoelectric ceramic fiber/resin composite with the fiber width and the resin width of 0.3mm and 0.07 mm respectively.
And 3, obtaining the single-sided interdigital electrode circuit board with the total thickness of about 0.07 mm on the single-sided copper-clad plate by adopting an etching process, wherein the widths of the anode finger parts and the cathode finger parts of the interdigital electrodes are both 0.08 mm, and the finger distance between the anode finger parts and the cathode finger parts of the adjacent electrodes is 0.7 mm.
4, respectively covering the upper surface and the lower surface of the lead zirconate titanate P-51 piezoelectric ceramic fiber/resin composite by two interdigital electrodes in a mirror symmetry manner, and packaging by applying pressure and temperature to obtain the piezoelectric fiber composite material with equal electrode finger spacing; and (3) placing the piezoelectric fiber composite material in room-temperature silicone oil, applying 2.4 kV direct-current voltage, maintaining the pressure for 15 min for polarization, and testing the strain performance of the pressure-tested piezoelectric fiber composite material after placing for 1 h.
And 5, testing the strain capacity of the piezoelectric fiber composite material with the electrode finger spacing of 0.7 mm under the alternating sinusoidal voltage with the voltage amplitude of-500V to +1500V and the frequency of 0.1 Hz, wherein the obtained strain values are 1890 mu epsilon respectively.
Claims (7)
1. A longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material is composed of two interdigital electrodes, piezoelectric fibers and a high molecular polymer, and is characterized in that: the piezoelectric fibers and the high molecular polymers are positioned between the upper and lower interdigital electrodes and are alternately arranged, the upper and lower interdigital electrodes are mirror-symmetrical, the positive finger parts and the negative finger parts of the interdigital electrodes are alternately arranged at unequal intervals along the longitudinal direction, and the piezoelectric fibers are obtained by cutting the piezoelectric sheets at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction and are longitudinally continuous;
the structure of the longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material is selected from one or more of the following materials:
(1) Along the longitudinal direction of the piezoelectric fiber composite material, the distance between the positive electrode finger part and the negative electrode finger part adjacent to the interdigital electrode is gradually decreased, and the distance between the adjacent electrode fingers is decreased from a value A to a value B, wherein the value A is more than or equal to 1.5mm and the value B is more than or equal to 0.5mm;
(2) Along the longitudinal direction of the piezoelectric fiber composite material, the distance between the adjacent positive electrode finger part and the negative electrode finger part of the interdigital electrode is gradually increased and then gradually decreased, and the distance is expressed as the longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material in which the electrode finger distance is gradually increased from a value B to a value A and then gradually decreased to a value B, wherein the value A is more than or equal to 1.5mm and more than B is more than or equal to 0.5mm, and the value A is more than or equal to 1.5mm and more than B is more than or equal to 0.5mm;
(3) Along the longitudinal direction of the piezoelectric fiber composite material, the distance between the adjacent positive electrode finger parts and the negative electrode finger parts of the interdigital electrodes is gradually decreased and then gradually increased, and the longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material is characterized in that the distance between the electrode fingers is gradually decreased from a value A to a value B and then gradually increased to a value a; wherein, A is more than or equal to 1.5mm and more than B is more than or equal to 0.5mm, and a is more than or equal to 1.5mm and more than B is more than or equal to 0.5mm.
2. The longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material of claim 1, wherein: the piezoelectric fiber is made of piezoelectric ceramics or piezoelectric single crystals.
3. The longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material of claim 1, wherein: the high molecular polymer is thermosetting resin.
4. The longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material of claim 1, wherein: the interdigital electrode is a single-sided printed flexible circuit board composed of a polyimide film and an electrode layer plated on the polyimide film.
5. A method for preparing a longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material, which is characterized in that the method for preparing the longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 comprises the following steps: cutting the piezoelectric block material into piezoelectric sheets, then cutting the piezoelectric sheets at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction to obtain piezoelectric fibers, and filling high-molecular polymers in gaps among the piezoelectric fibers to obtain a piezoelectric fiber/high-molecular compound; obtaining a single-sided crossed finger-shaped electrode circuit board with anode finger parts and cathode finger parts alternately arranged at unequal intervals by adopting an etching process; two interdigital electrodes are respectively covered on the upper surface and the lower surface of the piezoelectric fiber/polymer composite in a mirror symmetry manner, and the longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material is obtained through encapsulation; and (5) carrying out performance test after polarizing the longitudinal gradient piezoelectric fiber composite material.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein: the thickness of the piezoelectric sheet is 0.15-0.3 mm, the width is 10-60.0 mm, and the length is 25-150 mm; the thickness of the piezoelectric fiber is 0.15-0.3 mm, the width is 0.15-0.3 mm, and the length is 25-150 mm; the gap of the piezoelectric fiber is 0.05-0.2 mm; the electrode finger spacing of the interdigital electrode is 0.5-1.5 mm; the transverse width of the interdigital electrode is 0.06-0.10 mm.
7. The production method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the polarization is that polarization voltage is applied to the silicone oil at room temperature according to the voltage of 2.5-3.5 kV/mm multiplied by the distance between adjacent positive and negative electrode fingers, and the polarization time is 10-40 min.
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| CN112909158A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-06-04 | 北京大学 | Organic piezoelectric film with enhanced force-electric sensitivity performance and preparation method thereof |
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