CN108414381A - A kind of micro linear reciprocating friction abrasion tester of combination frictional interface in-situ observation - Google Patents
A kind of micro linear reciprocating friction abrasion tester of combination frictional interface in-situ observation Download PDFInfo
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- CN108414381A CN108414381A CN201810043676.7A CN201810043676A CN108414381A CN 108414381 A CN108414381 A CN 108414381A CN 201810043676 A CN201810043676 A CN 201810043676A CN 108414381 A CN108414381 A CN 108414381A
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- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0005—Repeated or cyclic
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
Abstract
The present invention relates to and a kind of combination frictional interface in-situ observation micro linear reciprocating friction abrasion tester,Including workbench,Lower slide unit is provided on workbench,Force sensor is set in lower slide unit,Lower sample is fixed on force snesor,Lower sample is plate-like and plate face is horizontal,It is provided with crossbeam above workbench,Upper slide unit is provided on crossbeam,Horizontal overhang is provided with elastic plate in upper slide unit,The plate face of elastic plate is horizontal,The plate end of elastic plate is provided with sample,Upper sample is cylindrical and lower end is hemispherical configuration,Upper sample is glass lens,The first regulating mechanism is provided in upper slide unit,First regulating mechanism adjust upper sample move up and down and lower end and the upper face of lower sample against or detach,Driving mechanism drives lower slide unit horizontal direction to move back and forth,It is directed at upper sample upper surface with micro objective,The frictional interface of upper sample and lower sample can be observed,The friction wear testing machine can carry out in-situ observation to the contact interface in friction process,And the more traditional similar machine of friction coefficient measurement wants higher.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of test equipment, and in particular to a kind of micro linear of combination frictional interface in-situ observation
Reciprocating friction abrasion tester.
Background technology
The friction-wear test of sample is by for workpiece or preparing the reality of sample and being added in face of the position of friction
The friction and wear test of speed, to test its friction coefficient and wear rate curve in a short time, this application study to sample
Play more crucial effect.Two pieces of samples to be tested are placed on testing machine by friction-wear test in practical operation,
And the face paste to be tested of two pieces of samples is closed, and is pressurizeed to one of sample using pressurized equipment implementation, and to pull back
Dynamic sample, to realize the friction back and forth of two samples, under the time of setting and the pressure of setting, record sample friction system
Number and wear extent, to judge the tribological property of sample.
Volume of sample is big used in traditional friction wear testing machine, is unfavorable for systematic characterization scuff mark surface shape
Looks.Meanwhile modern tribology research increasingly focuses on the optical observation in situ to frictional interface, also occurs using metal ball-
The in-situ observation frictional testing machine of glass plate Contact Pair form, corresponding experiment are particularly suitable for the low boundary lubrication carried under high speed
Film thickness measuring.But that there are still machine volumes is big for such testing machine, and the direction of motion is single, lubrication applies difficult, friction coefficient measurement
The larger equal limitation of error.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is:A kind of micro linear reciprocating friction mill of new combination frictional interface in-situ observation is provided
Testing machine is damaged, home position observation frictional interface pattern can not only be facilitated, the limitation of similar testing machine at present can be also overcome, further change
Kind experiment measurement accuracy.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
A kind of micro linear reciprocating friction abrasion tester of combination frictional interface in-situ observation, including workbench, institute
It states and is provided with lower slide unit on workbench, force sensor is set in the lower slide unit, lower sample is fixed on the force snesor,
The lower sample is plate-like and plate face is horizontal, is provided with crossbeam above the workbench, upper slide unit, institute are provided on the crossbeam
It states horizontal overhang in upper slide unit and is provided with elastic plate, the plate face of the elastic plate is horizontal, and the plate end of the elastic plate is provided with
Sample, the upper sample is cylindrical and lower end is hemispherical configuration, and the upper sample is glass lens, is set in the upper slide unit
Be equipped with the first regulating mechanism, first regulating mechanism adjust upper sample move up and down and the upper face of lower end and lower sample against
Or separation, driving mechanism drive lower slide unit horizontal direction to move back and forth.
Compared with the prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in:Upper sample is fixed on the elastic plate of upper slide unit, on
Sample selection is cylindric, and upper sample lower end is hemispherical, and the lower end that upper sample is adjusted by the first regulating mechanism is supported with lower sample
It leans on, driving mechanism drives lower slide unit horizontal direction to move back and forth, so that upper sample and lower sample friction, use microscope at this time
The upper sample upper surface of object lens alignment, you can observe the frictional interface of sample and lower sample.
Due to using linear reciprocating mode, experimental machine testing machine similar compared to tradition to have 4 obvious advantages:1、
70-80% is reduced in the identical machine volume of specimen size;2, the change of frictional interface when the Observable direction of motion is reciprocal
Change;3, lubrication can disposably be applied;4, using reciprocating mode, the measurement accuracy of friction coefficient greatly improves (measured value
The error for deviateing actual value is less than 2%, and measurement error is about 20-40% in traditional experiment machine).
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram at two kinds of visual angles of friction wear testing machine;
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 is the two states structural schematic diagram of upper slide unit;
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 is the two states structural schematic diagram of lower slide unit.
Specific implementation mode
In conjunction with Fig. 1 to Fig. 6, the present invention is further described:
A kind of micro linear reciprocating friction abrasion tester of combination frictional interface in-situ observation, including workbench 10,
It is provided with lower slide unit 20 on the workbench 10, force sensor 30 is set in the lower slide unit 20, on the force snesor 30
It is fixed with lower sample 40, the lower sample 40 is plate-like and plate face is horizontal, and 10 top of the workbench is provided with crossbeam 50, described
Upper slide unit 60 is provided on crossbeam 50, horizontal overhang is provided with elastic plate 70, the plate of the elastic plate 70 in the upper slide unit 60
Face is horizontal, and the plate end of the elastic plate 70 is provided with sample 80, and the upper sample 80 is cylindrical and lower end is hemispherical knot
Structure, is provided with the first regulating mechanism in the upper slide unit 60, first regulating mechanism adjust upper sample 80 move up and down and under
End with the upper face of lower sample 40 against or detach, driving mechanism drive 20 horizontal direction of lower slide unit reciprocating movement;
In conjunction with shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, upper sample 80 is fixed on the elastic plate 70 of upper slide unit 60, and upper sample 80 is selected
It is cylindric, 80 lower end of upper sample be it is hemispherical, by the first regulating mechanism adjust the lower end of upper sample 80 and lower sample 40 against,
Driving mechanism drives 20 horizontal direction of lower slide unit to move back and forth, so that upper sample 80 rubs with lower sample 40, at this time with aobvious
Objective is directed at the upper surface of upper sample 80, you can observes the frictional interface of sample 80 and lower sample 40, the testing machine
Frictional interface observation it is convenient;
The first above-mentioned regulating mechanism elastic plate 70 moves up and down, to realize spherical surface and lower sample so that upper sample 80
40 plate face is against abandoning the rigidity of the plate face of existing solid support plate and lower sample 20 against above-mentioned elastic plate 70 is
Elastic sheet structure, the adjustable range that the first regulating mechanism adjusting elastic plate 70 moves up and down is also more extensive, avoids the first tune
The splintering problem that upper sample 80 occurs caused by mechanism is adjusted is saved, and then ensures the data precision of friction test;
It is sensed for three axis force to obtain lower 40 accurate normal pressure of sample and frictional resistance signal, the lower sample 40
Device and for detecting normal pressure and frictional resistance, the lower sample 40 is fixed in lower slide unit 20.
As the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the elastic plate 70 is located in upper slide unit 60 there are two the horizontal settings that overhangs, institute
Two elastic plates, 70 upper and lower directions arranged for interval is stated, the plate end of two elastic plate 70 is provided with supporting plate 71, the upper sample 80
It is fixed on supporting plate 71, two elastic plate 70, upper slide unit 60 and supporting plate 71 enclose rectangular;
The parallelogram sturcutre that above-mentioned two elastic plate 70 is formed can effectively prevent sample 70 by friction masterpiece
It is reversed in the face that used time generates, and then sample and the contact surface of lower sample is effectively maintained to keep constant.
The parallelogram sturcutre that above-mentioned two elastic plate 70 is formed is when by lower 40 reaction force of sample, two elastic plates
70 deformation generated can play the role of overload protection, avoid pressure excessive suddenly and upper sample 80 is ruptured.
Adjustment for realization to 40 position of lower sample, to ensure that upper sample 80 is in the upper face of lower sample 40, institute always
It states and is provided with the second regulating mechanism in lower slide unit 20, it is mobile and mobile back and forth horizontally that second regulating mechanism adjusts lower sample 40
Direction is vertical with 50 length direction of crossbeam.
Specifically, in conjunction with shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the upper slide unit 60 includes the first slide plate 61 and the second slide plate 62, and described the
One slide plate 61 is fixed on crossbeam 50, is arranged in parallel in the plate face of first slide plate 61 there are two the first sliding rail 63, and described the
Arrangement, second slide plate 62 are slidably arranged on the first sliding rail 63 one sliding rail 63 vertically, and first regulating mechanism includes the
First adjusting nut 611 of a side setting of one slide plate 61, is provided with the first lead screw 612 in first adjusting nut 611,
A side of second slide plate 62 is provided with the first mandril 621, and arrangement and rod end and first push up first lead screw 612 vertically
The rod end of bar 621 is against being provided with the first pull rod 613, first pull rod, 613 and first spring on first slide plate 61
614 one end connection, the length direction of first spring 614 is vertical and lower end is connect with the second slide plate 62, and described second slides
The side of plate 62 is provided with the first tie down screw 622, and the rod end of first tie down screw 622 and the side of the first sliding rail 63 are supported
It leans on or detaches;
Two card slots for accommodating the first sliding rail 63 are provided on the second above-mentioned slide plate 62, first slide plate 61
The first holding tank 615 for accommodating the first spring 614 is provided in plate face, first pull rod 613 is fixed on the first holding tank 615
Slot bottom, be correspondingly arranged on the second holding tank on second slide plate 62, fixation be also correspondingly arranged in second holding tank
The both ends of bar, first spring 614 are connect with the first pull rod 613 with fixed link respectively, are being implemented to upper sample 80 to bottom
When setting adjustment, work as tune so that the second slide plate 62 is located at vertical sliding on the first slide plate 61 by rotating the first lead screw 612
On section when sample 80 to better position, by rotating the first tie down screw 622 so that 622 rod end of the first tie down screw and first
The side of sliding rail 63 is against being provided with graduated scale to realize locking, on the first above-mentioned lead screw 612, can accurately obtain the
The stroke of one lead screw 612, and then can accurately adjust the regulated quantity of 70 upper and lower directions of sample, when needing to above-mentioned upper sample
When 80 upward position adjustment, under the pulling force effect of the first spring 614 so that the second slide plate 62 is located at the sliding of the first sliding rail 63,
Until the first lead screw 612 and the first mandril 621 are against by the graduated scale on the first lead screw 612 of observation, can accurately obtaining examination
The adjustment amount of 80 upward position of sample, thus it is easy to operate when the practical adjustment of first regulating mechanism, it can be tried in two-way accurate acquisition
The adjustment amount of sample 80.
Similarly, in conjunction with shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the lower slide unit 20 includes the third slide plate 21 and the 4th slide plate of plate face level
22, the third slide plate 21 is fixed on workbench 10, and there are two for the setting of the upper face parallel interval of the third slide plate 21
Two sliding rails 23, the 4th slide plate 22 are slidably arranged on the second sliding rail 23, and second regulating mechanism includes third slide plate 21
A side setting the second adjusting nut 211, be provided with the second lead screw 212 in second adjusting nut 211, the described 4th
A side of slide plate 22 is provided with the second mandril 221, the vertical arrangement of second lead screw 212 and lower rod end and the second mandril 221
Rod end against being provided with the second pull rod 213 on the third slide plate 21, second pull rod 213 and the one of second spring 214
The length direction of end connection, the second spring 214 is horizontal and the other end is connect with the 4th slide plate 22, the 4th slide plate 22
Side is provided with the second tie down screw 222, the side of the rod end of second tie down screw 222 and the second sliding rail 23 against or point
From the lower sample 40 is fixed on by rebound 24 on the 4th slide plate 32;
Two card slots for accommodating the second sliding rail 23 are provided on above-mentioned third slide plate 21, the third slide plate 21
The third holding tank 215 for accommodating second spring 214 is provided in plate face, second pull rod 313 is fixed on the second holding tank 215
Slot bottom, be correspondingly arranged on the 4th holding tank on the 4th slide plate 22, fixation be also correspondingly arranged in the 4th holding tank
The both ends of bar, the second spring 314 are connect with the second pull rod 213 with fixed link respectively, are being implemented to 40 horizontal position of lower sample
When setting adjustment, by rotating the second lead screw 212, slided so that the 4th slide plate 22 is located at horizontal direction on third slide plate 21,
When adjusting lower sample 20 to better position, pass through and rotate the second tie down screw 322 so that 222 rod end of the second tie down screw with
The side of second sliding rail 23 is against being provided with graduated scale to realize locking, on the second above-mentioned lead screw 212, can accurately obtain
The second lead screw 212 stroke, and then the regulated quantity of 40 horizontal direction of lower sample can be accurately adjusted, when needing under above-mentioned
When the position adjustment to the left of sample 40, under the pulling force effect of second spring 214 so that the 4th slide plate 22 is located at the second sliding rail 23 cunning
It is dynamic, until the second lead screw 212 and the second mandril 221 are against by the graduated scale on the second lead screw 212 of observation, can accurately obtaining
The adjustment amount of the position to the right of lower sample 40, thus it is easy to operate when the practical adjustment of second regulating mechanism, it can two-way accurate acquisition
The adjustment amount of the horizontal direction of lower sample 40.
Specifically, the driving mechanism includes the driving nut 101 being arranged in 21 a side of third slide plate, the driving spiral shell
Driving lead screw 102 is provided in mother 101, driving 102 rod end of lead screw is connected by the shaft of shaft coupling and driving motor 103
It connects, 102 length direction of the driving lead screw is horizontal and parallel with the length direction of crossbeam 50, and position is provided on the workbench 10
Displacement sensor 104, institute's displacement sensors 104 are parallel with the length direction of crossbeam 50 in rod-shaped and length direction, the displacement
The rod end of sensor 104 is directed toward 21 a side of third slide plate;
Above-mentioned displacement sensor 104 can accurately obtain the position of third slide plate 21, when more than the upper limit of setting position,
Control mechanism controls driving motor 103 and inverts, to drive moving horizontally for the lower sample 40 in lower slide unit 20, when more than setting
When the lower limit of position, control mechanism controls driving motor 103 and rotates forward, and control mechanism controls driving motor 103 and inverts, to drive
The horizontal reverse movement of lower sample 40 in lower slide unit 20, so that the reciprocating movement of 40 horizontal direction of lower sample.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, Er Qie
In the case of without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter
From the point of view of which point, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is by appended power
Profit requires rather than above description limits, it is intended that all by what is fallen within the meaning and scope of the equivalent requirements of the claims
Variation is included within the present invention.Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the involved claims.
In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of embodiments, but not each embodiment is only wrapped
Containing an independent technical solution, this description of the specification is merely for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should
It considers the specification as a whole, the technical solutions in the various embodiments may also be suitably combined, forms those skilled in the art
The other embodiment being appreciated that.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of micro linear reciprocating friction abrasion tester of combination frictional interface in-situ observation, it is characterised in that:Including
Workbench (10) is provided with lower slide unit (20) on the workbench (10), force sensor is arranged on the lower slide unit (20)
(30), lower sample (40) is fixed on the force snesor (30), the lower sample (40) is plate-like and plate face is horizontal, the work
Make to be provided with crossbeam (50) above platform (10), is provided with upper slide unit (60) on the crossbeam (50), water on the upper slide unit (60)
Flat overhanging is provided with elastic plate (70), and the plate face of the elastic plate (70) is horizontal, and the plate end of the elastic plate (70) is provided with
Sample (80), the upper sample (80) is cylindrical and lower end is hemispherical configuration, and the upper sample (80) is glass lens, institute
It states and is provided with the first regulating mechanism in upper slide unit (60), the upper sample (80) of the first regulating mechanism adjusting moves up and down and lower end
With the upper face of lower sample (40) against or detach, driving mechanism drive lower slide unit (20) horizontal direction move back and forth.
2. the micro linear reciprocating friction abrasion tester of combination frictional interface in-situ observation according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that:The elastic plate (70) is located in upper slide unit (60) there are two the horizontal settings that overhangs, two elastic plate (70)
The plate end of upper and lower directions arranged for interval, two elastic plate (70) is provided with supporting plate (71), and the upper sample (80) is fixed on
On supporting plate (71), two elastic plate (70), upper slide unit (60) and supporting plate (71) enclose rectangular.
3. the micro linear reciprocating friction wear test of combination frictional interface in-situ observation according to claim 1 or 2
Machine, it is characterised in that:The second regulating mechanism is provided on the lower slide unit (20), second regulating mechanism adjusts lower sample
(40) back and forth horizontally movement and moving direction it is vertical with crossbeam (50) length direction.
4. the micro linear reciprocating friction abrasion tester of combination frictional interface in-situ observation according to claim 3,
It is characterized in that:The upper slide unit (60) includes the first slide plate (61) and the second slide plate (62), and first slide plate (61) is fixed
On crossbeam (50), it is arranged in parallel in the plate face of first slide plate (61) there are two the first sliding rail (63), first sliding rail
(63) vertical arrangement, second slide plate (62) are slidably arranged on the first sliding rail (63), and first regulating mechanism includes the
The first adjusting nut (611) of a side setting of one slide plate (61), first adjusting nut (611) is interior to be provided with first
A side of bar (612), second slide plate (62) is provided with the first mandril (621), and first lead screw (612) is arranged vertically
And the rod end of rod end and the first mandril (621) against, be provided with the first pull rod (613) on first slide plate (61), described
One pull rod (613) is connect with one end of the first spring (614), the length direction of first spring (614) is vertical and lower end with
Second slide plate (62) connects, and the side of second slide plate (62) is provided with the first tie down screw (622), first locking screw
The rod end of bar (622) and the side of the first sliding rail (63) against or detach.
5. the micro linear reciprocating friction abrasion tester of combination frictional interface in-situ observation according to claim 4,
It is characterized in that:The lower slide unit (20) includes the third slide plate (21) and the 4th slide plate (22) of plate face level, and the third is slided
Plate (21) is fixed on workbench (10), and there are two the second sliding rails for the upper face parallel interval setting of the third slide plate (21)
(23), the 4th slide plate (22) is slidably arranged on the second sliding rail (23), and second regulating mechanism includes third slide plate
(21) the second adjusting nut (211) of a side setting, second adjusting nut (211) is interior to be provided with the second lead screw
(212), a side of the 4th slide plate (22) is provided with the second mandril (221), second lead screw (212) vertically arrangement and
The rod end of lower rod end and the second mandril (221) against, be provided with the second pull rod (213) on the third slide plate (21), described
Two pull rods (213) are connect with one end of second spring (214), the length direction level and the other end of the second spring (214)
It is connect with the 4th slide plate (22), the side of the 4th slide plate (22) is provided with the second tie down screw (222), second locking
The rod end of screw rod (222) and the side of the second sliding rail (23) against or detach, the lower sample (40) is solid by rebound (24)
It is scheduled on the 4th slide plate (32).
6. the micro linear reciprocating friction abrasion tester of combination frictional interface in-situ observation according to claim 5,
It is characterized in that:The driving mechanism includes driving nut (101) of the setting in third slide plate (21) a side, the driving spiral shell
Driving lead screw (102) is provided in female (101), driving lead screw (102) rod end passes through shaft coupling and driving motor (103)
Shaft connects, driving lead screw (102) length direction level and, the workbench parallel with the length direction of crossbeam (50)
(10) displacement sensor (104) is provided on, institute's displacement sensors (104) are in the length of rod-shaped and length direction and crossbeam (50)
Degree direction is parallel, and the rod end of institute's displacement sensors (104) is directed toward third slide plate (21) a side.
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CN201810043676.7A CN108414381B (en) | 2018-01-17 | 2018-01-17 | Miniature linear reciprocating type friction and wear testing machine combining friction interface in-situ observation |
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CN201810043676.7A CN108414381B (en) | 2018-01-17 | 2018-01-17 | Miniature linear reciprocating type friction and wear testing machine combining friction interface in-situ observation |
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CN108414381B CN108414381B (en) | 2020-10-30 |
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CN109781510A (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2019-05-21 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of friction wear testing machine using equal inclination interference principle |
DE102019123546A1 (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-02 | Dr. Schneider Kunststoffwerke Gmbh | Measuring device for determining friction coefficients |
CN113899882A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2022-01-07 | 合肥工业大学 | Controllable lubricating state sliding-rolling friction and wear testing machine |
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Cited By (4)
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DE102019123546A1 (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-02 | Dr. Schneider Kunststoffwerke Gmbh | Measuring device for determining friction coefficients |
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CN113899882A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2022-01-07 | 合肥工业大学 | Controllable lubricating state sliding-rolling friction and wear testing machine |
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